2.3.1.

Meaning and Definition o io 45ercept1on can be defined as a process 111'

which individuals select, organize, and interpret their sensory impressions, so as to
give meaning to their environment. Perception is a complex cognitive process and
differs from person to person. People's behaviour is influenced by their perception of
reality, rather than the actual reality.
In its simple sense perception is understood as the act of seeing what is thereto is
seen. But the perceiver, the object, and the environment influence what is seen.
The meaning of perception will be complete when all the three aspects are stressed.
Perception is a method by which persons arrange and interpret their sensory
thought to give meaning to their surroundings. The perception plays a tremendously
important role in organisation. In organisation people actions are based on their
perception of what truth is, not on the truth itself. Their judgment might be biased
or might be taken under pressure. For example, assessment of worker's effort is a
judgrrient subject to perceptual bias. /13erception can be defined as a process by
which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environments/ (According to Joseph Reitz, "Perception includes all
those processes by which an individual receives information about his environment
seeing, hearing, feeling, (tasting, and smelling".

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meaning to their environment". According to s,p, Robbins, "Perception may be
defined ils a process by whicb individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give According to Kolasa, "Perception is selection and
organisation of material which stems from the outside environment at one time or
the Other to provide the meaningful entity we experience". Perception includes all
those processes by which an individual receives, information about his environment
seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, and smelling. The study of' thesepemeptional
processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables --the
objects or events being perceived, the environment in which perception occurs, and
the individuals who is perceiving.
2.3.2. Nature/Features of Percepticat The followinyfeitures of perception can be
identified: 1) Perception is an Intellectual Process: It is the intellectual process
through whiTh- a person seleciitTiedrifilficm the environment, organizes it, and
obtains meaning from it. 2) Pezcsitimit_a_Cognitive s chological.Proegss: Perception
is a basic cognitive or psychological process. e manner in which a person perceives
the environment affects his behaviour. Thus, people's actions, emotions, thoughts,
or feelings are triggered by the perception of their surroundings. 3) Perception is a
Subjective Process: Perception is a subjective process and diff'Erent peop e may
perceiverifie environmental event differently based on what particular aspects of
the situation they choose to absorb, how they organize this information, and the
manner in which they interpret it to obtain the understanding of the situation. 4)
Perception as a Lens providing _Worldview: The central role that p
rcephoraitermining aciions, because it is through perception that one should

interpret our environments, and its reality. 5) Socially Co-Created Nature_ of

Tsrcesplion: Individual needs interpretation because the reality of any person is
constantly evolving and is filled with parallel streams of equivocal cues. 6)
Culttmagilifilluenced_Naturciditescerion: Cultural valuereimd beliefs shape people's
worldviews. They come to influence actions even through subtle means like the
language that people speak. 7) SeyFurilid ing_Nature-oLtersegkinilab the perceiver
and the target are persons in case of person perception. This makes the perceptions
more complex. One feature of this complexity is the self-fulfilling nature of
expectations shaping the perceiver's prediction of a target's behaviour. This
prediction affects the perceiver's behaviour towards the target.

1i1.c1 ofi)gicetion Perception is Important due to various reasons shown in figure

below:
1)
Need of Perception cilitates Understanding of Human Behaviour: Perception is very
important in understanding the human behaviour, because every person perceives
the world and approaches the life problems differently. Whatever we see or feel is
not necessarily the same as it really is. It is because what we hear is not what is
really said, but what we perceive as being said, When a person buys something, it is
not because it is the best, but because he takes it to be the best. Thus, it is because
of perception, it is found why one individual finds a job satisfying while another one
may not be satisfied with it. 2) Helps in Behaviour Prediction: If people behave on
the basis of their perception, we _can predict their behaviour in the changed
circumstances by understanding their present perception of the environment. One
person' may be viewing the facts in one way which may be different from the facts
as peen by another viewer. 1 3) Determination of Needs: With the help of
perception, the needs of various people can be determined, because people's
perception is influenced bytheir needs. Like the mirrors at an amusement park, they
distort the world in relation to their tensions. 4) Effective Subordinate Dealing:
Perception is very important for the manager who wants to avoid making errors
when dealing with people and events in the work setting. This problem is made
more complicated by the fact that different people perceive the same situation
differently. In order to deal with the subordinates effectively, the managers must
understand their perceptions properly.
Facilitates Understanding of Human Behaviour
Determination of Needs
Helps in Behaviour Prediction
2.3.4. Corn i onent tion Perception i a process of sensory organs. The mind gets
information through the five sense organs, viz., the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and
skin. The stimulation coming to these organs may be through action, written
messages, oral communication, odor, taste, touch of the product and people. The
perception starts with the awareness of these stimuli. Recognizing these stimuli
takes place only after paying attention to them. These messages are then

translated into action and behaviour. 1) Stimuli: The receipt of information is the
stimulus which results in sensation. 00, Knowledge and behaviour depend on senses
and their stimulation. The

Need of P perception is important due to various reasons shown in figure below:

Need of Perception
Helps in Behaviour Prediction
1 Effective Subordinate Dealing cilitates. Understanding of Human Behaviour:
Perception is very important in understanding the human behaviour, because every
person perceives the world and approaches the life problems differently. Whatever
we see or feel is not necessarily the same as it really is. It is because what we hear
is not what is really said, but what we perceive as being said. When a person buys
something, it is not because it is the best, but because he takes it to be the best.
Thus, it is because of perception, it is found why one individual finds a job satisfying
while another one may not be satisfied with it. 2) Helps in Behaviour Prediction: If
people behave on the basis of their perception, we can predict their behaviour in
the changed circumstances by understanding their present perception of the
environment. One person may be viewing the facts in one way which may be
different from the facts as seen by another viewer. 3) Determination of Needs: With
the help of perception, the needs of various people can be determined, because
people's perception is influenced by their needs. Like the mirrors at an amusement
park, they distort the world in relation to their tensions. 4) Effective Subordinate
Dealing: Perception is very important for the manager who wants to avoid making
errors when dealing with people and events in the work setting. This problem is
made more complicated by the fact that different people perceive the same
situation differently. In order to deal with the subordinates effectively, the managers
must understand their perceptions properly. 2.3.4.Coln s onent tion Perception -a
process of sensory organs. The mind gets information through the five sense
organs, viz., the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The stimulation coming to these
organs may be through action, written messages, oral communication, odor, taste,
touch of the product and people. The perception starts with the awareness of these
stimuli. Recognizing these stimuli takes place Only after paying attention to them,
These messages are then translated into action and behaviour. 1) Stimuli: The
receipt of information is the stimulus V4 hich results in sensation. Knowledge and
behaviour depend on senses and their stimulation. The