Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/table1_0.PNG)
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/Figure%201.gif)
Figure 1: A flow chart for the HCA analysis of the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing pipeline.
Data Sources And Quality
By field survey and vectorization, the spatial data of pipeline centerline and landbase are gathered. The land base
consists of lines and polygons data incorporating waterways, explosive industrial, major traffic, the third-party pipelines,
and ecological areas, and has degrees of mapping accuracy with scales of 1:50,000. The projection of data is GaussKruger projection. Figure 2 depicts the initial 5,500-meter pipeline from the Lanzhou tank farm with the land base data
extending 1,000 meters on either side of the centerline. The red line represents Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Pipeline,
the yellow vector layer represents buildings, the black line layer represents railroads, and the blue line layer represents
rivers. Moreover, there is a famous river called Yellow River in northeast of the figure and it is vectorized as a polygon
layer. The image is Quickbird with the resolution of 0.61m.
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/Figure%202_0.jpg)
Figure 2: The land base data for the initial 5,500-meters of the pipeline.
All of the data (centerline data and land base data) are integrated to form a geospatial data base that follow APDM
rules. They are saved as vector layers in a geospatial data base (ESRI Personal Geodatabase).
Based on the density of inhabited or publicly used structures nearby, the class location tool classifies pipeline segments
into four classes: 30 Class 4 locations and 129 Class 3 locations are determined by the class location tool. The length of
Class 4 and Class 3 locations is about 315 km, which accounts for nearly 25% of the total length of the pipeline.
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/Figure%203.jpg)
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/Figure%204.jpg)
(/sites/pipelineandgasjournal.com/files/Figure%206.jpg)
Figure 6: Graph of high-consequence area (HCA) scores of the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline.
The total length of 848.7 km was identified as HCA segments by the software, accounting for 68.8% of the full pipeline.
Figure 6 shows an HCA graph of the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline. The x-axis shows station measures of
HCA segments, and the y-axis shows the scores of HCA segments. According to results of the analysis, we find three
key consequence factors: 1) high population, 2) rivers, and 3) roads. In order to provide the most appropriate
protection/mitigation for the identified HCA segments, we put forward some primary proposals as follows:
For the segments deemed HCA due to high population, set up warning signs, increase public information regarding
emergency evacuation procedures, and perform additional training in response procedures;
For the HCA segments due to rivers and lakes, increase the depth if pipe depth of cover is insufficient;
For the HCA segments due to railroads, highways, national ways and state ways, enhancing the capability of casing
inspection;
Repairing the defects of HCA segments in time;
Monitoring each existing and potential geohazard (e.g. landslide), and increasing patrols;
Monitoring excavations near the pipeline. And if finding unreported excavation work, operators must conduct followup investigation regarding mechanical damage;
Developing risk assessment in all HCA segments; and finally
We determined that the reassessment interval for each HCA should not exceed two years.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank their colleague, Yi Li of Pipeline Integrity Engineer, for his contribution to APDM
database, and also thank LanChengYu Oil Pipeline Company.
The lead author, Shaohui Jia, is an engineer with a masters degree in petroleum engineering and GIS. His research
includes work in GIS database and HCA applications. He also has three years of experiences in the GIS application of
the identification of HCAs. He can be reached at jiashaohui@petrochina.com.cn (mailto:jiashaohui@petrochina.com.cn) .
Bibliography
ESRI Inc. 2007. ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop Help. WEB Site www.esri.com (http://www.esri.com) < http://www.esri.com/
(http://www.esri.com/) >.
RELATED ARTICLES
Fusion-Bonded Epoxys
Effects On... (/fusion-bonded-
growth-projects-driving-oneok-
gas-project-could-ensure-
changes-keeps-focus-line-pipe)
epoxy%E2%80%99s-effects-
investments)
energyeconomic-future)
(/gas-gathering-growth-
(/alaska-gas-project-could-
(/welspun-changes-keeps-
(/fusion-bonded-
projects-driving-oneok-
ensure-energyeconomic-
focus-line-pipe)
epoxy%E2%80%99s-effects-
investments)
future)
cathodic-disbondment)
cathodic-disbondment)