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This paper has been developed to provide an understanding the role of fibre optic communication
technology associated with PON network infrastructure in next generation of Ultrafast Broad Band
(UBB) architecture in Australia. Inside are details of technical strategies for many different PON
infrastructures.
David H.
3/13/16
Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
1- Introduction
Passive Optical Network solutions like FTTH, FTTB and FTTN are so important since new services are
coming in communication world.
Progress in technology is not without consequences. Evolutions in one part of technology usually affect
another and no tech developments have had a bigger impact than the growth of online services. As
internet services be changed from simple emails and FTPs to Web browsing engines, to downloading
streaming videos and the number of users increased exponentially, the demand for bandwidth has
driven expansion of internet speed.
The Cloud services are the most significant reason for the latest push. The reason is, well, cloudy. It
cannot be because local storage is expensive. Nowadays, you can buy one terabyte disks for less than
$100 on the other hand we know in the late of 1990 a vendor announced the first network 1TB storage
cluster for less than $1 million! It cant be for security issue either, because centralizing data could make
it easier for hackers, as the data gets handled by many more devices and is always being transmitted
from point to point along outside connections. And our experience with cloud services is they are only
web hosting companies that see a new profit opportunity.
But, for whatever reasons, "cloud computing" is the "next big thing." However it faces a major
challenge. Today's enterprise networks typically operate at 100Mb/s to 1Gb/s, even for wireless. The
Internet backbone operates at 10-100Gb/s. Data centers, real ones that is, not a bunch of PCs in the
back room of a web hosting service, generally use 1-10Gb/s and are upgrading.
What about the Internet connection? Most of what we hear about are NBN greenfield network, and
home broadband, where your connection speed can vary from <1Mb/s to 1Gb/s on broadband and all
over the place on dial-up landlines or cellular wireless. Businesses are hardly any better off, they just
generally pay a lot more. Much of the news associated with Gigabit cities is the relocation of Internet
businesses there to take advantage of the higher bandwidth. Below figure shows obviously that when
transferring large amounts of data, whether its using cloud services or downloading video for
entertainment that the ISP (Internet Service Provider) is the weak link.
Figure-1
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
Here where I live in one of suburbs in Sydney, I tested my internet network speed which is belong to one
of famous internet providers, many times, the result is the speed of internet is mostly depend to time of
the test and the quality of telecom infrastructure.
Also the result of ping test is not in reasonable amount and variable like internet speed issue. The worse
one is more than 19 seconds but sometimes I could get 145ms and the best network latency have been
25ms. So, its an indication of an overloaded network.
What about other option for Internet access - cellular? We have that too, with an antenna tower
perched on a mountain overlooking a freeway we can see from our office. On our smartphones, it
usually tests as fast as the other options in the morning and we've used it in emergencies when our
other services were not available, even to do webinars. But for all our uses it is way too expensive based
on the cost structure for high data users.
But what puzzles us is how "cloud services" will be able to operate with such slow Internet connections how people using their own devices will be able to use their corporate cloud services with such disparity
in connection speeds and latency, even at the office but especially on the road or at home. Or how they
will be able to compete with consumers downloading video? What's absolutely certain is that the
Internet does not follow "Moore's Law" for computers!
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
Figure-3 Relative costs of broadband connection compared to Moore's Law for computing and the growth in Internet traffic, all
normalized.
Comparing Internet connections to Moore's Law is certainly unfair. To take advantage of Moore's Law,
most of us have been spending $1000 or more every 2-3 years to upgrade our computers but who do
you know who has spent equivalent money on their Internet connection? We just keep paying $4060/month for the same old service. This whole issue seems to be a classic case of "lack of
communications" - which would be humorous if it were not the case that we are in the communication
business! The people promoting cloud services seem to publicly ignore the connectivity issues. Perhaps
their focus on hyping their own business makes them blind to the obstacles it faces, but unless they
have faster - and cheaper -connectivity everywhere, they are facing extreme obstacles. Cloud service
providers, above all others, should be lobbying for faster Internet connections everywhere and more
network capacity for all of us. In Australia NBNCo has a main role to provide faster and cheaper internet
services.
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
Figure-4 Access Network Upgrade from CTTN to FTTN and Dial-up or ADSL to ADSL2+ or VDSL
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
$55,000
$50,000
$45,000
HFC
PON
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
$25,000
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Years in Operation
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
The advantages of PON / FTTH networks, which are considered the target network or end-game, are
as follows:
For carriers PONs eliminates expensive power consuming cabinets in the street which require
connections to local AC power, expensive replication of battery backup facilities (without the
added benefits of backup generators), regular maintenance and longer down-times than CObased equipment when failures occur.
For environmentalists and the social conscious PONs eliminates large conspicuous cabinets in
the street and enable a larger proportion of the work force to employ remote office access
applications to work from home thus saving previous material resources such as fuel and family
resources such as commute time to/from the office;
For service providers PONs better facilitate the provision of Open Access networks using
simple service separating technologies such as Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM);
For service providers, carriers and end-customers, PONs enable the largest possible capacity and
data throughput from the CO to the customers premises, supporting both residential
broadband applications and business applications for the lifetime of the installed fibre
infrastructure.
Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
4- The Primary Ultrafast Broad Band Architecture
As above all PON solutions explained FTTH/B is still the primary Ultrafast broad band architecture. It
most widely accepted technology and, even more important, has been selected by all types of players, in
terms of subscribers worldwide (62%), leading FTTx+LAN (29%). VDSL and FTTLA remain minor players
(8% and 1% respectively). Asian players largely favor FTTH/B, in particular NTT in Japan and KT in South
Korea, which respectively had 14.7 million and 5 million FTTH/B subscribers by the end of 2010. Even
Chinese operators (China Unicom and China Telecom in particular) are now accelerating their FTTH/B
deployment to the detriment of FTTx+LAN. As a result, geographic distribution for FTTH/B is similar to
that of FTTx. As of June 2011, there were more than 112.6 million FTTx subscribers around the world. It
is expected to grow steadily in the coming years, to pass 198 million subscribers around the globe by the
end of 2016. Naturally, the rate of progress will not be the same across the board, as each national
market will be shaped by the countrys intrinsic features and its players.
5- Conclusion
Australia is currently behind many OECD countries in its rollout of both FTTH/B and FTTN access
networks. Such networks are needed to support Video Entertainment applications such as High
Definition TeleVision (HDTV), Video-on Demand (VoD) and Near Video on Demand (NVoD); plus low
latency for IP Telephony applications and an increasing range of broadband Internet applications such
as: E-Bay, Google Maps, You-Tube, Online Games, E-learnings and Video Chats. In contrast to the late
90s, the network capacity is now demand driven not technology driven. But new technology is required
to meet this demand. Opportunities are available for Australia to leap-frog the traditional FTTN rollout
and instead rollout the latest FTTH technologies to meet both current and future demands for network
capacity. Especially, nowadays, the result of quantum optics researches such as utilize quantum optics
for quantum information and how to manipulate single atoms (a sub-field often called atom optics) have
applied to engineering and technological innovation, enable us to use Self-Phase Modulator and Electrooptic Modulators (40Gbit/s Phase Modulator) for high-speed communications. This new approach will
solve the limitation of bandwidth in Optical Communication therefore, the PON/FTTH is more adaptive
coming evolution in the near future.
6- References:
[1] Ethernet based AONs: Ericsson EFN-324; Cisco ONS-15454 Multi-Service Provisioning Platform;
IEEE 802.3ah-2004 - Ethernet in the First Mile (Single fibre 1310/1550nm option - 100BASE-BX10);
[2] Ethernet / HFC AONs: Harmonic Demos Ethernet Switching Modules for Deep-Fiber Platform
(PWRBlazer) ( http://lw.pennnet.com/articles/article_display.cfm?article_id=86249 - 2001)
[3] Collapsed PON based AONs: Tellabs 1134 Multi Service Access Platform; NEC AM3160 Multi Service
Access Node.
[4] Gerry, Christopher; Knight, Peter (2004). Introduction to Quantum Optics. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 052152735X.
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Why PON-FTTh/b is so important for players and what is the end game?
7- Glossary
CATV
Cable Television
FttC
FttB
FttH
FttN
FttX
PON
FTP
VDSL
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