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t e r r i t o r i e s
g o v e r n a n c e
for a transition to sustainable territories and societies
Eating City
Presentation
open participatory process and food issues institutionalisation, whereas a longawaited common metric system is still
needed to assess the consequences of
food systems on environmental, social,
economical assets.
food is mainly produced out of the cities and the latters are not directly implied
in food production;
authorities consider that citizens are
mostly able to exercise their free will in
chosing their own food habits.
negative externalities related to environment or health are not perceived as a
whole and therefore are underestimated
or ignored.
food is not seen as a modern factor of
innovation, such as ICTs, able to forster
and shape the future of urban settlements,
but as a commodity to be provided by an
efficient global supply system.
Moreover, food issues are too often diluted between the different aspects related to health, nutrition, environment,
production, public food services or local
economy, all being treated separately in a
counterproductive systematic approach.
However, a flourishing context of innovative practices induce more and more cities
to re-evaluate food as a mean to improve
urban planning and management, thus
opening simultaneoulsly several avenues
for reflection, research and action. In a
stimulating space of innovation, they are
looking at new roles for institutions in
food innovation dynamics and at tailormade interfaces of cooperation between
urban centres and adjacent territories. Innovative propositions are experimented,
to combine food democratic imperative,
Event : Eating and Talking in the Square, organized in Turin on 06/02/13 within Smart Cities
week. 3000 persons have shared a meal prepared with edible food leftovers (www.youtube.com/
watch?v=iOcEVdBPIPA). Paolo Azzurro - Last Minute Market
There are several limits for the development of local food production. The difficulty to find farmland close to urban and
peri-urban areas, the lack of logistics facilities to enable an easy access to the market
for small producers and the fact that local
products cannot be sourced directly by
public procurement.
Case studies
Copenhagen
Country
Denmark
Population:
city area
541,989 (2011)
Population:
metropolitan area
1.950.522
Surface area
74,4 km2
Green areas
22,6 km2
1- Denmark, a rural-based
gastronomy and a strong
commitment to develop
organic farming
Denmark has a long history of exporting
agricultural products of the very highest quality : Danish farmers produce an
amount of food sufficient to supply 15 million people every year -three times the Danish population. However, only recently the
country has become known internationally
for its gastronomy. Recent trends, the epicentre of which is based in Copenhagen,
have stimulated peoples interest in what
remains a cuisine rooted in the farmers
traditions, governed by the need for nutrition and the use of products available from
nature. Potatoes, rye bread and salted
meat are at the centre of most meals.
Organic production has been given priority by national government for more that 25
Despite food policy is not explicitly mentioned, food-related environmental indicators fit into a variety of current municipal
visions such as Copenhagen Eco-Metro
polis 2015 and the Copenhagen 2025 Climate Plan. According to the national commitment to support organic agriculture,
two main objectives have been identified
small
medium
large
Number of meals
prepared per day
100 - 200
500
3000 partially
prepared meals
Description of
services
Kinderkarten, day
care facilities for
disabled and mentally ill persons
Elderly home,
school canteens,
city hall restaurant
Elderly home,
school canteens,
home care
800
75
60 - 70%
75% (school
meals) - 22%
(elderly meals)
Number of
suppliers
>5
10
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Food schools
A new model of school organisation has
been experimented in seven schools,
which focus on food and meals. The model goes beyond introducing a kitchen and
a restaurant. The students are involved
in the whole process from menu planning and production to the presentation
of the actual meal. The schools are daily
producing meals in their own kitchens
and have food, meal culture as a central
part of their curriculum. The menus are
prepared by the chef of the kitchen and
validated by the municipality also according to nutritional value. They are used
as laboratories testing new ideas which
can be replicated in other schools in the
city and at day-care centres. The next step
is to increase the number of food schools
and due to the success, the city has committed that any new school built in Copenhagen would join such program.
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In Conclusion
Bibliography
The original contribution of the city of Copenhagen is to demonstrate how it is possible to predispose a leverage effect of public
food service to improve food consumption
among the population, with a specific focus
on the children and teenagers.
Copenhagen House of Food Copenhagen goes organic - the way towards 90%
organic in public kitchens Presentation of
Anya Hultberg during the 6th European
Organic Congress IFOAM in April 2012
Public food systems strategies to protect environment, soil and groundwater - the case
of organic food in Copenhagen, Bent Egberg
Mikkelsen, National Food Institute, Danish Technical University (Denmark). Summary of paper to the Agua y Alimento
Sostenible Seminar 4th of July 2008, Expo
Zaragoza 2008
The role of local government in promoting sustainable urban agriculture in Dar es
Salaam and Copenhagen,Afton Halloran
& Jakob Magid , Geografisk TidsskriftDanish Journal of Geography (2013) Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish
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Conclusion
Wanted: A specific urban
department to deal with
food issues.
To promote a territorial agri-food system planning to improve the local management of agri-food systems, those are
both local and global;
To support the needs of farmers, citizens and workers involved in food chain
within open, transparent and participatory
food policies;
To guarantee the need for diversification over-burdens small-scale producers,
preventing a competitive playing field with
larger industries;
To ensure food security, access to land
and ecosystem services management
both within and outside cities;
To recognize the role agriculture as both
a large scale user of land and a provider
of landscapes. The adaptation of agricultural practices to local conditions has
led to a wide variety of landscapes;
To experiment linking research to
policy-making in the field of sustainable
food consumption and production and to
support research programs on local food
systems;
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Lenny Martinez
Graduated from Sciences Po, of Strasbourg University, he has been active contributor of
the four cases study on Copenhagen, Nuremberg, Geneva and Paris, working in Risteco
within Eating City platform 2010-2014.
Aurora Cavallo
PhD in Agricultural Policy, she is a Research Fellow at Universit del Molise. Her research interests include issues related to the sustainable food planning, to the management of the landscape transformations and to the role of agricultural activities in
metropolitan areas. Since 2008 she collaborates with the Consorzio Universitario per
la Ricerca Socioeconomica e sullAmbiente (CURSA) and has been Adjunct Professor of
Landscape Architecture from 2007 to 2012 at Universit La Sapienza di Roma.
Davide Marino
Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics and Rural Appraisal at the Department
of Bioscences and Territory, Universit del Molise, he is president of the Consorzio Universitario per la Ricerca Socioeconomica e sullAmbiente (CURSA). Didactic Director
of the 2nd Level Master in Governance of Protected Areas (UniMOL). Member of the
Academic Board of the PhD program in Management and Conservation Issues in Changing Landscapes (UniMOL) and in Planning and Management of the Environment and
Landscape of Universit la Sapienza di Roma.
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A publication sponsored by the Charles
Lopold Mayer Foundation