1st Handout/Grm-XI/2015_16/Ltg

Coordinate connectors/conjunctions/linking words

and
yet

but

or

so

The meanings:
and shows addition, also sometimes show results
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.

They eat fish and eggs.
I can trust you and her about my secret.
She has a lovely daughter, and Ive got a lovely son.
Our company has a good product, and we make a lot of money.

but, yet
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

expresses contrast

She always works very quickly but accurately.

These shoes are old but comfortable
These drinks are for adults but not for the children.
Hes a good manager at work, but he doesnt type well.
She studies hard, yet she receives poor grades.
He didnt come yesterday, yet he got the bonus.

so expresses result
a. Tom told a joke, so Paul laughed.
b. The cost of living is high, so expectations for the future are low.

or expresses an alternative/choice --- or else (more stronger) positive

a.
b.
c.
d.

nor

He isnt rich or famous.

Do you want to stay or leave?
The students cant sing or dance at the festival.
You must read the novel, or I will do it.
-- expresses an alternative/choice negative

He doesnt want money, nor does he want success.

The functions:
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Those words are used to join :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

For number 1 to 6

Pairs of (pro)Nouns
Pairs of Adjectives
Pairs of Adverbs
Pairs of Infinitive
Pairs of Verbs
Pairs of Phrases
Clauses

Comma (,) is not

needed.
-------------------But for number 7 you
have to use comma
(,)

Ex:

Father and his friends are coming to dinner.

n.
con.
n
She is waving her hands and shouting at us.
v.
con.
v.
He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music. (The second to is usually
omitted.)
to-inf
con. to-inf
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------A simple sentence : contains a Subject and a Verb
If there are two sentences that are closely related to each other, we may join them as a
Compound Sentence
Each sentence is called an independent clause (or Main Clause)
For ex:

Tom is singing.
Paul is dancing.

Tom is tall.
Paul is short.

Tom told a joke.

Paul laughed.

How make a Compound Sentence?

1. Join

the sentence by using semicolon (;)

Tom is singing; Paul is dancing.
Tom is tall; Paul is short.
Tom told a joke; Paul laughed.

2. Using coordinate connectors/conjungtions/lingkingwords to join clauses. You have to use

comma (,)
Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.
Tom is tall, but Paul is short.
Tom told a joke, so Paul laughed.
EXERCISE 1
Identify the function of the connectors/conjunctions/linking words and write the connectors in
the table provided below! You must underline the connectors/conjunctions/linking words and
write in the table too!
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SENTENCES

CONNECT
ORS

FUNCTIONS
(the Connectors used to
join ...)

1. He didnt come yesterday, yet he got

the bonus.
2. He doesnt want money, nor does he
want success.
3. He isnt rich or famous.
4. Hes a good manager at work, but he
doesnt type well.
5. I can trust you and her about my
secret.
6. Our company has a good product,
and we make a lot of money.
7. She always works very quickly but
accurately.
8. She has a lovely daughter, and Ive
got a lovely son.
9. She studies hard, yet she receives
poor grades.
10.The cost of living is high, so
expectations for the future are low.
11.The students cant sing or dance at
the festival.
12.These drinks are for adults but not
for the children.
13.These shoes are old but comfortable.
14.They eat fish and eggs.
15.Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.
16.Tom told a joke, so Paul laughed.
17.You must read the novel, or I will do
it.
18.Do you want to stay or leave?

EXERCISE 2
Choose the correct completions
1. My roommate is friendly and ...... . (helpful kind kindness)
2. Jack opened the window and ...... . (turn on the fan turning on the fan turned on the
fan)
3. Honesty and ...... are admirable qualities in a person. (generous generosity
intelligence)
4. Kate was listening to the radio and ... at the same time. (study studying studies)
5. I was tired and ... after our long hike. (hungry hunger thirsty)
6. Everyone had a good time at the party and .... home happy. (go went going)
7. No one wanted to stay after the party and ..... up. (clean cleaning cleaned)
8. No one enjoys staying and ..... up at the end of a party. (clean cleaning cleaned)
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9. Mr. Evans is very old but .... . (strength strong strengthen)

10.The clerk spoke impatiently and ..... when I asked for help. (rude rudely harsh)
EXERCISE 3
Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Circle the connectors.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I). If it is incorrect, find out
whats the problem. Then, fix it!
*Underline the Subjects once and the Verb twice!
_____

The lawn needs water everyday, or it will turn brown.

_____

The book was not long, but it difficult to read.

_____

It was raining, so decided not to go camping

_____

The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together.

_____

The patient took all the medicine, he did not feel much better.

_____

The software should be used on an IBM computer, and this computer is

an IBM.

_____

The rain clouds can be seen in the distance, but no has fallen.

_____

They are trying to sell their house, it has been on the market for two
months.

_____

So the quality of the print was good, I changed the toner cartridge.

_____

The lifeguard will warn you about the riptides, or she may require you to
get out of the water.

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