6.1.4.

Differential connection of load

to obtain bipolar output voltage
dc source

load

Converter 1

+
V1

V1 = M(D) Vg

V
Vg

The outputs V1 and V2

may both be positive,
but the differential
output voltage V can be
positive or negative.

+
V2

V2 = M(D') Vg

V = V1 V2

Converter 2

Differential load
voltage is

D'
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

15

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

Differential connection using two buck converters

Buck converter 1
1

Converter #1 transistor
driven with duty cycle D

+
2

V1
+

V
Vg

Converter #2 transistor
driven with duty cycle
complement D
Differential load voltage
is

2
1

V = DVg D'V g

+
V2

Simplify:

V = (2D 1)Vg

Buck converter 2

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

16

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

Conversion ratio M(D),

differentially-connected buck converters
V = (2D 1)Vg

M(D)
1

0
0.5

1
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

17

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

Simplification of filter circuit,

differentially-connected buck converters
Original circuit

Bypass load directly with capacitor

Buck converter 1
1

+
2

V1

Vg

Vg
2

V2

Buck converter 2

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

18

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

Simplification of filter circuit,

differentially-connected buck converters
Combine series-connected
inductors

Re-draw for clarity

C

Vg

L
iL

V
1

R
+
Vg

H-bridge, or bridge inverter

2
1

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Commonly used in single-phase

inverter applications and in servo
amplifier applications

19

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

Differential connection to obtain 3 inverter

dc source

3ac load

Converter 1

V1 = M(D 1) Vg

V1

Vn = 1 V1 + V2 + V3
3

v
a

Vg

D1
+

V2 = M(D 2) Vg

V2

D2
+

V3 = M(D 3) Vg

V3

Control converters such that

their output voltages contain
the same dc biases. This dc
bias will appear at the
neutral point Vn. It then
cancels out, so phase
voltages contain no dc bias.

D3

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Phase voltages are

Van = V1 Vn
Vbn = V2 Vn
Vcn = V3 Vn

Converter 3

Vn

+ vbn
n
vc

Converter 2

With balanced 3 load,

neutral voltage is

20

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

3 differential connection of three buck converters

3ac load
dc source

V1
v
a

Vg

n
vc

V2

Vn

+ vbn

+
V3

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

21

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

3 differential connection of three buck converters

Re-draw for clarity:
dc source

v
a

3ac load

Vg

Vn

+ vbn
n
vc

Voltage-source inverter or buck-derived three-phase inverter

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

22

Chapter 6: Converter circuits

The 3 current-source inverter

dc source

v
a

3ac load

Vg

Vn

+ vbn
n
vc

Exhibits a boost-type conversion characteristic

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

23

Chapter 6: Converter circuits