QUESTION1

Question 1.1 SABS 227 MASONRY UNITS OF BURNT CLAY

SABS 227 covers the use of burnt clay masonry units in the construction of walling.
Units are referred to as either hollow or solid. The code outlines the Shape, Appearance,
Colour, Compressive strength, Water absorption, Moisture expansion, and apparatus to use in
order to conduct the tests as well as the methods of inspection and the testing procedures. All
specimens need to be examined and a report compiled indicating the calculations from the test
results where applicable.

Question 1.2 SABS 0285 CALCIUM SILICATE MASNRY UNITS

SABS 285 specifies the characteristics of masonry units of a calcium silicate type for the use in
masonry walling.
The code outlines the shape, appearance, and colour of the units. The dimensions of the units
must conform to those specified and not differ any more than that stated in table 2. Markings
stating the name, colour, work size class, and application of the units should be on the units.
Tests should conform to those laid out in the code indicating the method and apparatus
applicable to the specified tests.

Question 1.3 SABS 1215 CALCIUM SILICATE MASNRY UNITS

SABS 1215 covers the use of precast solid and hollow masonry units in the construction of
walling.
The code outlines the shape, appearance, colour, compressive strength and inspection as well
as the methods for testing the units; it also allows for methods of preparation applicable to the
tests carried out. The tests vary from Test for dimensions to Compressive strength, Dry
shrinkage, and Expansion and Soundness tests. SABS 1215 highlights applicable standards to
be used in conjunction with the SABS 1215.

Question 1.4 SABS 0155 ACCURACY IN BUILDINGS

SABS 0155 code is used primarily to cover the accuracy and methods of
measurements required during the setting out of building works, taking into account the
permissible deviations prescribed for the positioning and dimensions of the various
elements.
The accuracy in buildings is governed by certain factors such as, aesthetic, structural,
legal, and practical, which are classed into certain grades. Dimensional inaccuracy is
either inherent or induced by certain factors; however, allowances for inaccuracies are
covered by certain factors. The control of accuracy is dependant on its source,
measuring, setting out methods, manufacturing location and erection. Permissible
deviations (PD) are outlined in general terms and extend to the selection of the grades
of accuracy, lift shafts, workmanship, structural steel, timber as well as floor and ceiling
finishes to mention a few.

Question 1.5 SABS 1090 AGGREGATES FROM NATURAL SOURCES

SABS 1090 specifies requirements for fine aggregates from natural sources, for use in mortar
and plaster.
The general requirements state that the basic requirements can be complied with by normal
processing. The fineness of the material should not differ by more than 0.2mm from
any value stated in the contract. Table 1 outlines the properties, type and test method
subsections applicable for fine aggregates and mortar. Tests outlined in the code cover
grading and fineness modulus as well as dust, blue adsorption, clay content, impurities
and dry shrinkage with reference to the applicable codes.

Question 1.6 SABS 0249 MASONRY WALLING

SABS 0249 is used as a guideline in the selection and use of materials in the
construction of masonry walling.
The use of the correct building materials is crucial in the construction of any structure, from
cement & aggregates to admixtures and water. Factors govern the selection of
materials ranging between stability and bond strength to speed of construction,
durability and loading considerations. The design of masonry should cover adequate
strength, stiffness, and stability required by including self-weight, piers and/or
crosswalls to mention a few. Movement in masonry is common and should be
accommodated accordingly, with control joints and reinforcement. Water resistance in
any structure is important, using and placing of DPC correctly can minimize
penetration. The durability of the material depends on the exposure conditions;
maintenance of a structure can prolong the life thereof and should be done as a
preventative measure, rather than a repair procedure. The mortar quality is an
important factor in the makeup of masonry walling, providing it with bond as well as
added strength. Walling has inherent properties such as Thermal and Sound insulation.
The workmanship in the erection of any masonry structure bares influence on the
soundness of the structure in years to come.

Question 1.7 SABS 0145 CONCRETE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION

SABS 0145 covers the construction of walling using precast concrete masonry units.
Materials used in the construction of concrete masonry should comply with the requirements of
the codes stated. The code outlines the uses as well as the class, classification,
principles of choice and the preparation of the mortars. Certain precautions need to be
observed in masonry such as joining, bonding, and resistance to fire and water
penetration as well as cracking. Certain site procedures and construction techniques
for the handling and storage of material on site, laying of foundations and units,
placement of DPC and reinforcing, anchoring of roofs and floors should all be
observed. The preparation for finishing is important to make sure that the finish lasts its
intended life span without failure. Painting and other finishings should be according to
the manufacturers specifications to obtain the best results possible.

QUESTION 2