PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHIES
1. ESSENTIALISM
(What is necessary,
important/ basic)
generalist

2. PROGRESSIVISM
(Learning by doing)
John Deweyproponent
Education is life

3. PERENNIALISM
Generalist
Education is
universal/ constant.

4. EXISTENTIALISM
(freedom/ life

WHY TEACH?
To acquire basic
knowledge, skills
and values.
Not to reshape the
society but to
transmit the
traditional moral
values.
To make students
model citizens
To develop
intelligent citizens
of a democratic
country.
To live life fully
NOW not to prepare
students for adult
life.
Believes that
CHANGE is the only
thing that doesnt
change.
Develops students
rational and moral
powers
Believes that truth
is universal and
unchanging
To help students
understand and

WHAT TO TEACH?
Fundamental rs
reading, riting,
rithmetic and right
conduct.
Traditional
disciplines- Math,
Natural Sciences,
History, Foreign
Language &
Literature.
Need-based and
relevnt curriculum
Natural and social
sciences.

HOW TO TEACH?
Mastery of the
subject matter.
Drill method
Memorization
Teacher is the
fountain of
information.

Experiential method
Problem-solving
Scientific method
Field trips
hands-on- heartson
puzzles

General curriculum
Use of great books

Teacher-centered
Discipline
Socratic-dialogue

Purpose of life
Self-esteem

Self-paced; selfdirected

choices)
A person is a rational
animal

5. BEHAVIORISM
Specialist

6. LINGUISTIC
PHILOSOPHY

7. CONSTRUCTIVISM
Maker of meaning

appreciate
themselves as
unique individuals
who accept
complete
responsibility for
their thoughts,
feelings and
actions.
To shape students
behavior
Believes that
students are
products of
environment.

Freedom/ choices

Values-clarification
strategy

To respond
favorably to various
stimuli in the
environment

To develop
communication
skills of the learner
To express
himself(learner)
clearly
To develop learners
who can construct
knowledge and
make meaning of
them

To communicate
clearly
To use language
correctly

Arrange physical
environmental
conditions (light,
temperature,
arrangement of
furnitures, size,
quantity, etc.)
Experiential
way/method

Learners are taught

how to learn.
Learning processes
(searching,
critiquing,
evaluating
information,
reflecting, making
meaning, making
insights and
researching).

Experiences that
allow them to
hypothesize,
predict, manipulate
objects, pose
questions, research,
investigate, imagine
and invent.

8. IDEALISM
Plato- Father of
Idealism
SocratesKnowledge is
virtue
9. REALISM

To develop learners
who can reflect
ideas.

Spiritual, reflection,
ideas

Making reflections
Introspection (selfexamination)

Science
Physical concept

Observation
Investigation

10.RECONSTRUCTIONIS
M

To develop learners
who can observe
through the use of
senses to the
maximum
To develop learners
knowledge on
societys/ issues

Social issues/needs

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