Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Identities

University of the Philippines Manila

April 30, 2014

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric Functions
Recall: Trigonometric Functions are not one-to-one
We restrict each of their domains such that:
1

the circular function is one-to-one on the restricted domain

the range of the restricted trigonometric function is the same

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse sine function

Definition
For any x [1, 1],
h i
y = sin1 x x = sin y , y ,
2 2



pi pi
dom sin1 = [1, 1] ran sin1 = ,
2 2

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples
1

!
3
sin1
2
 
1
sin1
2
!
2
1
sin

sin1 0

sin1 (1)

sin1 2

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse cosine function

Definition
For any x [1, 1],
y = cos1 x x = cos y , y [0, ]

dom cos1 = [1, 1] ran sin1 = [0, ]

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples
1

!
3
cos1
2
 
1
cos1
2
!
2
cos1
2

cos1 0

cos1 (1)

cos1 2

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 
y = tan1 x x = tan y , x R, y ,
2 2
y = cot1 x x = cot y , x R, y (0, )
y = hsec1x  x = isec y , x (, 1]
S
,
y 0,
2
2

[1, +),

y = hcsc1 x x = csc
y , x (, 1]
S

i
y ,0
0,
2
2

[1, +),

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Note
The sin1 , cos1 ,tan1 , . . . functions are also denoted by
Arcsin,Arccos,Arctan,...

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Graph of the Inverse Tangent Function

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Graph of the Inverse Cotangent Function

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Graph of the Inverse Secant Function

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Graph of the Inverse Cosecant Function

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Exercises
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

tan1

!
3
3

tan1 (1)

cot1 ( 3)
Arccot 0

sec1 ( 2)
sec1 (2)

Arccsc 2
csc1

!
2 3

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Identities

2
3

4
5

h i
sin1 (sin x) = x for every x ,
2 2
cos1 (cos x) = x for every x [0, ]
 
tan1 (tan x) = x for every x ,
2 2
cot1 (cot x) = x for every x (0, )
h  S  i
sec1 (sec x) = x for every x 0,
,
h 2  S 2 i
csc1 (csc x) = x for every x , 0
0,
2
2

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples
1



tan1 tan
12 

7
cos1 cos
8


5
1
sin
sin
6

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Identities

sin(sin1 ) = x for every x [1, 1]

cos(cos1 ) = x for every x [1, 1]

tan(tan1 ) = x for every x R

cot(cot1 ) = x for every x R

5
6

S
sec(sec1 ) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)
S
csc(csc1 ) = x for every x (, 1] [1, +)

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples
1

2
cos(cos1 )
3
1
tan(tan (4))

3
1
cos(sin
)
2

Mathematics 14

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Exercises
1

4
5


3
Evaluate
)
5


2
Evaluate tan(csc1 5 tan1 )
3 !

x 
3
1
1
Solve for x: cos
+ tan

= cot1 0
4
3

Solve for x: sec1 ( 2) tan1 (x 2) = csc1 (2)

Solve for x: sin1 (x) cos1 (x) =

6
sin(cos1

Mathematics 14