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Friday,June3,2011

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CapacityManagementWCDMARAN

BlogArchive

2011(17)

1Introduction

September(8)

Ericsson'sWCDMARAN(WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccessRadioAccessNetwork)CapacityManagementsolution,withsupportfromotherradionetworkfunctions,controlsthe
stabilityandaccessibilityintheWCDMAcell.ThisenablesthesystemtoprovidetherequestedQualityofService(QoS)andcoverageforindividualconnections.CapacityManagement
functionsby:

June(9)
Jun08(1)
Jun03(8)

Monitoringtheutilizationofaselectedsetofsystemresourcesandestimatingtherequiredresourcesforthenewandchangedradioconnectionsinthesystem

CapacityManagement
WCDMARAN

Enforcingtheadmissionpoliciesonaselectedsetofsystemresources

VerifyingtheUMTSServices
HUAWEIEquipment

Detectingandresolvingoverloadsituationsofaselectedsetofsystemresources

MultiuserCooperative
DiversityandVirtualMIMO

1.1Scope
Asahighleveldescription,thisdocumentexplainsthecapabilities,functionandlogicoftheCapacityManagementsolution.Italsodescribesparametersandengineeringguidelinesrelatedto
theCapacityManagementsolution.
ThedocumentsOperationandMaintenance,Reference[10]andSystemPerformanceStatistics,Reference[13]describePerformanceObservabilityofCapacityManagementfunctions.
TheterminologyusedinthisdocumentisexplainedinGlossaryofTermsandAcronyms,Reference[3].
TheutilizationoftransportresourcesisnotmonitoredbytheCapacityManagementfunctionality,seeTransportNetworkFunctionality,Reference[14]formoreinformation.

1.2TargetGroups
ThisUserDescriptiondescribesWCDMARANCapacityManagementfunctionalityfromauserpointofview.Writtenmainlyforoperators,thisdocumentservesasanimportantstartingpointfor
thosewhowanttounderstandthefunctionalityinmoredetail,inordertooptimizetheparametersettings.
Itisassumedthatusersofthisdocument:

MultiuserCooperative
DiversityandVirtualMIMO
LTECSFallbackProcedure
CA(CarrierAggregation)
ScenariosinLTE
Advanced...
WCDMARAN7Handover
TypesSIDE2
WCDMARAN7Handover
TypesSIDE1

ArefamiliarwithWCDMAbasicknowledge
Haveaworkingknowledgeof3Gtelecommunication

1.3RevisionInformation
Apartfromeditorialchanges,thisdocumenthasbeenrevisedasfollows:
Table1RevisionHistory
Revision

Reasonforrevision

FirstreleaseforP7,updatesfromP6are:

P7.0

Chapter3.2.3.8updatedwithextendednumberofHSDPAusers
Table3updatedtoincludeIF/IRATmobilityonHSPA

2Overview
Ericsson'sWCDMARANCapacityManagementsolutioncontrolstheloadintheWCDMAcell.ThismakesitpossibleforthesystemtoprovidetherequestedQoSandcoverageforindividual
connections.EachcellorgroupofcellshasitsownsetofCapacityManagementfunctionsresponsibleformonitoringandcontrollingtheresourcesofthatcell.TheCapacityManagement
solutionconsistsofthreemainfunctions:

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SystemResourcesHandling
RNAdmissionControl
RNCongestionControl
Figure1showsthegeneraloverviewofCapacityManagementfunctions.

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Figure1GeneralOverviewofCapacityManagementFunctions

2.1SystemResourceHandling

Wheream I?

TheSystemResourceHandlingfunctioncollectsandprovidesinformationaboutthecurrentusageofaselectedsetofsystemresourcesthatarerelevantforthestabilityandaccessibilityofa
WCDMAcell.ThisisdonebyperformingmeasurementsandkeepingtrackofeveryRadioConnectionsetup,addition,deletion,andmodificationinthecell.
AtechnicaldescriptiontogetherwiththesetofSystemResourcescanbefoundinSection3.1.Intheremainderofthisdocumentthetermsystemresourceisusedandreferstoresources
withintheselectedset.

2.2RNAdmissionControl
TheRNAdmissionControlfunctionblocksoradmitsresourcerequestsaccordingtoadmissionpoliciesdefinedonsystemresources.Thoserequestsareinitiatedforexamplewhennewradio
connectionsaresetup,cellchangesperformed,existingradioconnectionsaremodifiedorsofthandoverisperformed.Todecideonwhethertoadmittherequest,theRNAdmissionControl
functionrequiresinformationaboutthesystemresourceloadandtheamountofresourcesneededbytherequester.ThisinformationisprovidedbytheSystemResourceHandlingfunction.
RNAdmissionControlpoliciescandifferentiateaccessibilityofsystemresourcesdependentonthecharacteristicsoftherequest(e.g.therequestrelatestosetupofanewradioconnectionor
ahandoverofanexistingradioconnectionetc.),allowingreservationofsystemresourcesforhighpriorityconnectionsandformobility.
Tobeableforthesystemtobalancetheavailableresourcesbetweenradioconnectionsincaseoflackofsystemresources,RNSoftCongestionisused,seeSection3.2.2.Whenadmittinga
request,RNSoftCongestionevaluateswhethertoreducetherateofoneormoreexistinglowpriorityusersorwhethertopreemptoneormoreRadioAccessBearers(RABs)(impliesthe
releaseoftheRAB).
Incaseofadmissionreject,RNAdmissionControlisnottakinganyfurtheractionsintermsofaskingforadmissionagain,itisuptotherequestingfunctiontoretryonalowerrate,forexample
suchastheHandoverfunction,seeReference[5].

2.3RNCongestionControl
Formostsystemsresources,theradioconnectionsutilizingtheresourceneverusemoreoftheresourcethanwasadmitted.InthosecasestheRNAdmissionControlfunctionalityissufficient
tocontroltheresourceutilization.Forsomesystemresources,suchasULinterferenceandDLtransmittedcarrierpower,admittedradioconnectionsmaydynamicallyutilizemoreofthe
resource,dependingonforexampletheradioconditions,andcancauseoverload.ResourceoverloadthreatenstheQoSofconnectionsandthestabilityofthesystem.Inthosecases,RN

Feedjittraffictracker

AdmissionControlaloneisnotsufficientandadditionalcontrolisneededtodealwithoverloadontheresource.
TheRNCongestionControlfunctionalitydetectsandresolvesthreetypesofoverload:

WelcomeToFeedjit

ULOverload:TheULinterferenceinacellreachesacriticallevelandtheRNCongestionControlblocksalladmissionrequestsinthecell,exceptforhandoverofconnections(as
theytypicallycontributetotheloweringoftheULinterference).ThesituationisrestoredwhentheULinterferenceisbacktoacceptablelevels.
DLOverload:ThenonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpowerinacellreachescriticallevelsandtheRNCongestionControlblocksalladmissionrequestsinthecell,whilecongestion
resolveactionsaretakentoreducetheresourceutilization.ThesituationisrestoredwhennonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpowerlevelisbacktoacceptablelevels.
DLHSDPAOverload:TheDLtransmittedcarrierpoweravailableforradioconnectionsonHSDPAisnotsufficienttomeettheirQoS.TheRNCongestionControlwillstartcongestion
resolveactionstorebalancetheresourceutilizationbetweentheradioconnectionsonHSDPAandrelease99channel,whileselectivelyblockingadmissionrequestsinthecell.
NotethatforHSDPAoverloaditconsidersnonGBRusersaswellasGBRusers.

2.4ConnectiontootherFunctions
OtherfunctionsinteractwithRNAdmissionControlandRNCongestionControlduringadmissionrequestsoroverloadsituations,thosefunctionsare:
ChannelSwitching,seeReference[1].Tofreeuprequestedresourcesorforoverloadedsituation,RNAdmissionControlorRNCongestionControlcanreducetherateoflower
priorityusersbyswitchingthemtoalowerrateortocommonchanneldependingonthesituation.
RABRelease,seeReference[2].TofreeuprequestedresourcesRNAdmissionControlorRNCongestionControlcanreleaselowerpriorityusersRABs.
ConnectionHandling,seeReference[2].TofreeuprequestedresourcesRNAdmissionControlorRNCongestionControlcanreleaselowerpriorityuserssignallingconnection.

2.5AllocatingFunctions
Figure2illustratestheallocationoftheCapacityManagementfunctionalityintheWCDMAnodearchitecture.ThereisoneinstanceofCapacityManagementfunctionalityforeachcell,and
eachinstanceislocatedintheControllingRadioNetworkController(CRNC).

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Figure2CapacityManagementArchitectureOverview
Ingeneral,oncearadioconnectionisestablished,theServingRNC(SRNC)isresponsibleforhandlingtheconnectionbetweentheUserEquipment(UE)andUTRAN(standardizedtermfor
WCDMAsubnetwork)untilitisreleased.WhentheUEneedstoestablisharadiolinkinacellconnectedtothesamephysicalRNC,internalinterfacesareusedtointeractwiththeRN
AdmissionControl,RNCongestionControl,andSystemResourceHandlingfunctions.WhentheUEneedstoestablisharadiolinkinacellconnectedtoanotherphysicalRNC,theexternal

IurinterfaceisusedtointeractwiththesetofCapacityManagementfunctionsinthatcell,asthisfunctionalityforthatcellislocatedinthatRNC.
Figure3describestheprocessthatinvolvesRNAdmissionControlwhenaRABrequestarrivesfromtheCoreNetwork(CN)bymeansoftheIuinterface.

Figure3RABRequestOvertheIuInterface
1.TheCNrequeststheSRNCtoestablishaRABwithanindicatedsetofQoSparameters.ThisisreceivedbymeansoftheRadioAccessNetworkApplicationPart(RANAP)message
overtheIuinterface.
2.AccordingtotheQoSparameters,therequestedserviceismappedontoasetofRadioBearers(RBs).
3.TherequiredamountofsystemresourcesisestimatedandtheCRNCrequestsadmissionforthoseresources.
4.Iftherequestisadmitted,theCRNCallocatesthenecessaryresources.
5.TheCNisinformedabouttheresultoftheRABestablishmentprocess.ThisisdonebymeansoftheRANAPmessageovertheIuinterface.
Figure4showstheprocessthatinvolvesRNAdmissionControlwhentheradiolinksetuprequestarrivesovertheIurinterface.

Figure4RABRequestOvertheIurInterface

1.ArequesttoestablishtheradiolinkissentfromtheSRNCtotheCRNC.ThisisdonebymeansofaRNSAP(RadioNetworkSubsystemApplicationPart)messageovertheIur
interface.
2.TheRNSAPinformationisconvertedintoadmissionrequestattributes.
3.TherequiredamountofsystemresourcesisestimatedandtheCRNCrequestsadmissionforthoseresources.
4.Iftherequestisadmitted,theCRNCallocatesthenecessaryresources.
5.TheCRNCinformstheSRNCoftheresultsoftheadmissionprocess.ThisisdonebymeansoftheRNSAPmessageovertheIurinterface.

3TechnicalDescription
ThesetofCapacityManagementfunctionsconsistsof:SystemResourceHandling,RNAdmissionControlandRNCongestionControl.Together,thesefunctionscontroltheloadinorderto
providethecoverageandQoSforindividualconnections.

3.1SystemResourceHandling
ThefollowingsetofsystemresourcesarerelevantwithintheCapacityManagementscope:
PerCell:
Downlinkchannelizationcodes
Downlinktransmittedcarrierpower,nonHSpartandHSrequiredpart
AirInterfaceSpeechEquivalents(ASE)inuplinkanddownlink
UplinkReceivedTotalWidebandPower(RTWP)
ThenumberofradiolinksperDLSpreadingFactor(notincludingthecodes(spreadingfactor=16)reservedfororusedbyHSDPAconnections)
ThenumberofradiolinksperULSpreadingFactor(notincludingcodesusedbyEUL)
Thenumberofradiolinksincompressedmode
ThenumberofservingHSconnections
ThenumberofservingEULconnections
Thenumberofserving2msTTIEULconnections
ThenumberofnonservingEULconnections
PerHardwarePool:
RBShardwareutilizationinuplink(bothDCHandEUL)anddownlink(bothDCHandMTCH)
Tomonitorthesystemresources,CapacityManagementperformsperiodicandeventbasedmeasurementsandkeepstrackofeveryradioconnectionsetup,deletionandmodificationinacell.

3.1.1DownlinkChannelizationCodesMonitor
TheDownlinkChannelizationCodeMonitorprovidesameasureforcodetreeutilizationinthedownlink.Themonitoringofthisdedicatedresourceisbasedontrackingthefractionofthe
downlinkcodetreeinuse.Thefractionofcodesinuseiscalculatedasfollows:
(Sumuser(1/SFuser)+Sumcch(1/SFcch))/(1p/16)
Where:
SFuser

istheDLspreadingfactorrelatingtothesetofDCHsoftheuser(includingtheADCHs)

SFCCH

isthespreadingfactorofthecommoncontrolchannelsincludingHSSCCH,EHICH,ERGCH,EAGCHaswellasMTCH,MICHandMCCHchannelsforMBMS

isthenumberofDLcodesreserved(SF=16)forHSDSCHitissetbytheparameternumHsPdschCodesseeSection3.4.5

3.1.2DownlinkTransmittedCarrierPowerMonitor
TheDLtransmittedcarrierpowerinacellisoneofthesystemresourcesmonitoredbytheRANcapacitymanagement.Theintentionofthemonitoringistoserveas:
AsbasisforRNAdmissionControlinadmittingrequestsforsetuporreconfigurationoftheradioconnection.ThisisaccomplishedbytheRBSmeasuringnonHSDPAandHS
requiredDLtransmittedcarrierpowerofacellperiodically,reporting(eachsecond)themeasurementtotheCRNC,andfilteringthemeasurementintheCRNCtofollowthetrendof

theutilization.
AsabasisforRNCongestionControlindetectingboththeoccurrenceandresolvingDLoverloadonthenonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpower.ThisisaccomplishedbytheRBS
reportingtheeventofthenonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpowerinacellexceedingalevelforsometime,andreportingtheeventofthenonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpower
inacellgettingbelowthatlevelforsometime,totheCRNC.
AsabasisforRNCongestionControlindetectingboththeoccurrenceandtheresolvingofDLHSoverloadontheDLtransmittedcarrierpower.ThisisaccomplishedbytheRBS
measuringtheHSrequiredcarrierpowerinacellperiodicallyandreporting(eachsecond)themeasurementtotheCRNC.TheCRNCwillusethecombinationofthismeasurement
andthenonHSDPADLtransmittedcarrierpowermeasurementtodetectboththeoccurrenceandresolvingoftheDLHSoverload.FormoredetailsonhowtheHSrequiredpoweris
determinedseeHSDPAUserPlane,Reference[8].
AsbasisfortheinitialrateselectionseeSection3.6andthedirectedretryfunctionality(seeConnectionHandling,Reference[2]).ThisisaccomplishedbytheRBSmeasuringnon
HSDPAandHSrequiredDLtransmittedcarrierpowerofacellperiodically,reporting(eachsecond)themeasurementtotheCRNC,andfilteringthemeasurementintheCRNCto
followthetrendoftheutilization.
NotethatpartoftheDLtransmittedcarrierpowerresourceismonitoredandcontrolledbytheHSDPAscheduleronTTIbasis,seeHSDPAUserPlane,Reference[8].Alsonotethatthe
HSDPArequiredpowermayconsistofthepowerrequiredforguaranteedbitrateconnections,aswellasaminimumpowerreservedfornonguaranteedbitrateconnections,seeHSDPAUser
Plane,Reference[8]

3.1.3ASEMonitor
TheASEintendstoexpresstosomeextentthestaticloadontheairinterfacecausedbyradiobearersinaconnectioninacellrelativetothestaticloadcausedbyasetofradiobearers
carryingaregularconversationalCSspeech12.2kbpsRABs.
ThegeneraldefinitionoftheASEforaconnectionisasfollows:
ASE=(effectiverateDCH+guaranteedrateHSDSCH+guaranteedrateEDCH+guaranteedrateMBMS)/(effectiverateconvCSspeech12.2k bps)
Where(seeTable2forexampleASEvalues):
effectiverateDCH:theeffectiverateDCHisthesumoftheeffectiverateofdedicatedtransportchannelsinaradioconnection(includingSRB)basedontheTransportFormatSet,
TransportFormatCombinationSet,andnumberofTransportBlocks.
guaranteedrateHSDSCH:theguaranteedrateoftheHSDSCHmacdflowsinaradioconnection
guaranteedrateEDCH:theguaranteedrateoftheEDCHmacdflowsinaradioconnection
guaranteedrateMBMS:theguaranteedrateoftheMBMStrafficchannelsMTCHandcontrolchannelsMCCHandMICH
effectiverateconvCSspeech12.2k bps:theeffectiverateofthededicatedtransportchannelsusedforconversationalCSspeech12.2kbps,consideringanactivityfactorof0.5
TheASEMonitoralgorithmmonitorsASEusageatcellcarrierlevel,separatelyforuplinkanddownlink.Forconnectionshavingradiolinksindifferentcells,theASEULcontributionineachcell
istakentobetheASEULoftheconnectiondividedbythenumberofradiolinksoftheconnectionwithintheRNCthecellisresiding.TheprinciplebehindthedivisionofASEisthattheaverage
uplinkinterferencecreatedbyaUEconnectioninacellitisconnectedto,isproportionaltothenumberofcellstheUEisconnectedto.If,forexample,aUEisconnectedtotwocells,itonly
requiresapproximatelyhalftheEc/Nocomparedtousingonecell.ThebackgroundforconsideringonlythecellswithinanRNCisthefactthatitisnotpossibletoknowthetotalnumberof
radiolinksinaconnectionforconnectionsoriginatingoverIur.AconsequenceofthepreRNCdivisionisthepossibleoverestimationoftheASEULvalueforconnectionsusingIur,comparedto
thesituationwhereallradiolinksarewithinthesameRNC.
Table2showsthevaluesofASEforsomeoftheradioconfigurations.Section3.2.1describestheradioconnectiontypesincludedinthetable.
Table2ASEValuesforsomeRadioLink s,asillustration(i.e.notacompletelist)
RadioConnectionType

UplinkASEs

DownlinkASEs

standaloneSRB13.6kbps

0.45

0.45

conversationalCSspeech12.2/12.2kbps

1.12

1.12

conversationalCS64/64kbps

10.61

10.61

streamingPS16/64

4.25

10.10

interactivePS64/384kbps

7.83

39.78

conversationalCSspeech12.2/12.2kbps+interactivePS
64/64kbps

8.83

8.83

interactivePS64/HSkbps

7.83

0.12

MBMSptmPS0/64.8kbps

10.62

MBMSptmPS0/129.6kbps

21.25

MBMSptmPS0/259.3kbps

42.49

3.1.4ReceivedTotalWidebandPowerMonitor
TheuplinkReceivedTotalWidebandPower(RTWP)ismonitoredinordertoprovideinformationtoRNCongestionControlregardingtheuplinkinterference.Uplinkinterferencefluctuatesdueto
thenumberofusersinthearea,theserviceandtypeofradioconnectionoftheusers,andtheradioconditions.However,astheRTWPmeasurementdoesnotprovidetheabsoluteaccuracyfor
aproperdecision(~+/2.5dB),theuplinkASEisanadditionalmeasuretobeusedasabasisforRNAdmissionControlinuplink.
SincetheASEinuplinkisonlyrepresentingtheowninterferenceandnotvariationsinexternalinterferenceorpartyeffects,theuplinkRTWPisusedbyRNCongestionControlinorderto
controlthesedynamiceffectsandblockthesetupormodificationofnewRABs.Inordertodetectanuplinkoverloadsituation,eventbasedmeasurementsareperformedintheRBSifa
predefinedlevelisexceeded,uplinkcongestionisdetectedinacell.

3.1.5RBSHardwareMonitor
TheavailableRBShardwareisalimitedresourcedueto,forexample,theamountofinstalledhardwareorlicensingrestrictions(seeHandlingofLicenseControl,Reference[4]).Thehardware
utilizationinuplinkanddownlinkismonitoredbytheRBSHardwareMonitor,bymeansofthecapacitycreditandconsumptionlawmechanism,asstandardizedinUTRANIubInterfaceNBAP
Signalling,Reference[15].
ThemonitorisbasedonthateachHWpoolintheRBSprovidesthetotalamountofavailableChannelElements(CE)fordedicatedchannelsandasetofconsumptionlaws,separateforULand
DL,totheCRNC.ThedefinitionoftheseconsumptionlawsisconnectedtotheHWcostmodeloftheRBS.Theremaybedifferentcostmodelsfordifferentchannelstypesandfordifferent
RBSs(dependingonHWtypeused),andthereforetheHWcostmodelinuplinkmaydiffer.ThedefaultuplinkDCHcostmodelforanRBSmaybechangedbymeansofthe'ULCEladder'
featurekey,seeSection3.5.
TheestimationofhardwareusageofanRBSisperformedasfollows:
HWdl =(Sumrls (CErlsdl )+SumMTCH(CEMTCH)+SumMCCH(CEMCCH)+SumMICH(CEMICH))/totalCEdl
HWul =Sumrls (CErlsul )/totalCEul
Where:
HWdl

isthetotalhardwareusageindownlink

CErlsdl

isthenumberofCEindownlinkusedbyaradiolinkset

totalCEdl

isthetotalavailableCEindownlink(asreportedbytheRBS)

HWul

isthetotalhardwareusageinuplink

CErlsul

isthenumberofCEinuplinkusedbyaradiolinkset.

totalCEul

isthecurrenttotalavailableCEinuplink(asreportedbytheRBS)

CEMTCH

IsthecurrentnumberofCEusedbyaMBMSpointtomultipoint(ptm)trafficchannel

CEMCCH

IsthecurrentnumberofCEusedbyaMBMSptmcontrolchannel

CEMICH

IsthecurrentnumberofCEusedbyaMBMSptmcontrolchannel

TheinitialRBShardwarecapacity(intermsoftotalavailableuplinkanddownlinkcapacityCE)andthecorrespondingradiolinksetconsumptionlawsarereportedatRBSinitialization,incase
theRBShardwarecapacitychanges,orincasethelicensechanges.Eachradioconnectionsetup,deletionandmodificationinacellthatindicatesachangeofspreadingfactoristrackedby
calculatingthechangeinCEinuplinkanddownlinkandupdatingthemonitoraccordingly.

3.2RNAdmissionControl
Whennewresourcesareneededforaradioconnection,theRNAdmissionControlfunctionreceivesarequestforadmission.Therequestspecifiestheestimatedamountofsystemresources
thattheradioconnectionneeds.Therequestisevaluatedbyoneormoreadmissionpolicies.Aresponseissentouttograntordenythenewresourcerequest.
RNAdmissionControlhasdifferentpoliciesjudgingforeachresourcewhetherarequestcanbeadmittedorshouldberejected.Ifnoresourcesareavailable,theRNSoftCongestion
functionalitymayfreeresourcesofexistingradioconnectionsandtherebyenabletherequest.
EachadmissionpolicymonitorstheresourceagainstanAdmissionLevelandaMaxLevel,seeFigure5.

Figure5AdmissionandMaxLevelconcept
UptilltheAdmissionLevel,therequestisadmitted
BetweentheAdmissionandMaxLevel,(guaranteed,nonhandover)or(nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)requestsarenotadmittedunlessRNSoftCongestionactionscan
findtherequiredresourcestorelease.
UptilltheMaxLevel(guaranteed,handover)requestsareadmitted(ifphysicalresourcesareavailable).RNSoftCongestionactionistriggered,butitisnotaconditionforadmission.

3.2.1AdmissionRequestAttributes
Todecidewhichadmissionpolicytoevaluateandhowtotreattheadmissionrequestincaseoneormoreadmissionpoliciesareblocking,eachadmissionrequestcontainsanumberof
attributes:
Therequesttype,indicatingwhethertherequestforresourcesconcernsahandoverofaconnectionornot(usedintheevaluationofadmissionpolicies).
Therequestclass,indicatingwhethertherequestforresourcesconcernsarequestforguaranteedrateconnectionpartsornonguaranteedconnectionparts(usedintheevaluation
ofadmissionpolicies).ArequestisguaranteedwhenrequestingminimumamountofresourcesforaradioconnectionsatisfyingitsQoS(thisisreferredtolowestretainablerate).
ExampleofaguaranteedrequestisCSconversational,CSorPSstreamingandPSinteractive8/8.GuaranteedRABswithattributeGBRfromCNaresettoguaranteedrequest
class.PSinteractiveissettoguaranteedonlyifitisaccompaniedtostreamingserviceat8kbps.Otherwiseitisnonguaranteed.Whentherequestisforresourcesexceedingthe
minimumneededforsatisfyingtheQoS(forexampleupswitchinteractivePStoahigherdedicatedrate),therequestisnonguaranteed.ExampleofanonguaranteedrequestisPS
interactive.
Thepreemptioncapabilityoftherequest,indicatingwhetherthisrequestcanpreemptalowerpriority(partofa)radioconnectionornotincaseofresourceshortage.Preemption
resultsinthereleaseofoneormoreRABsaccordingtotheirpriorityandpreemptionvulnerabilitysettings,seeQoSConfiguration,Reference[18]
Thepriorityoftherequest
Indicationofadditionalresourcesrequired,includingadditionalUL/DLchannelizationcodes,UL/DLASE,etc.
AnumberoftheseadmissionrequestattributesaredeterminedfromAllocationRetentionPriority(ARP)attributes.ARPattributesarebydefaultdefinedstaticallyasfunctionofRANAP
attributes,orcanoptionallybedefinedbytheoperator,seeQoSConfiguration,Reference[18]formoredetails.DependingontheRANAPattributestheARPtabledetermines:
Theprioritylevel(1..15)wherevalue15means'nopriority'and1ishighestpriority.
Thepreemptioncapabilityindicator(PCI)whichconsistsoftwovalues,'shallnottriggerpreemption'and'maytriggerpreemption'(thisindicatesthepreemptioncapabilityofthe
request).
Thepreemptionvulnerabilityindicator(PVI)withthevaluesnotpreemptableandpreemptable.NotethatthepreemptionvulnerabilityindicateswhetheraRABintheconnection
canbereleasedduetotheadmissionofahigherpriority,preemptioncapablerequestornot.
ThedefaultmappingoftheARPattributesisbasedonthetrafficclass(conversational,streaming,interactive,background),CNindicator(CS/PS),SourceStatisticsDescriptor(SSD)(speech).
Allexamplesbelowarederivedfromthedefaultmappingtable,themappingandthedefaultmappingtablearedescribedintheQoSConfiguration,Reference[18]
Theadmissionrequestattributesaredetermineddependingonthepartsfortheradioconnectionforwhichadditionalresourcesareneeded.Forexample,incasetheradioconnectionincludes
aconversationalCSspeechRABandinteractivePSRAB,areconfigurationoftheinteractivePSconnectionpartwouldleadtodeterminationoftherequestattributesbasedonthatconnection
partonly.Incasemoreconnectionpartsarebasisforrequestattributedetermination,thefollowingisapplied:

Therequestclassisnonguaranteedifatleastoneoftheconnectionpartsforwhichadmissionisrequestedisnonguaranteed.Forexamplewhenaddingconv.CSSpeech
(guaranteed)andInteractivePS64/64(nonguaranteed,asPS0/0isalowerresourceconsumingalternative)therequestclassisnonguaranteed.
TherequestpriorityisthehighestARPpriorityoftheconnectionpartsforwhichadmissionisrequested(forexamplewhenrequestingresourcesforconv.CSSpeech(priority3)and
InteractivePS(priority7),therequestpriorityis3.
Thepreemptioncapabilityissettocapableincaseatleastoneoftheconnectionpartsforwhichadmissionisrequestedispreemptioncapable.

3.2.2RNSoftCongestion
RNSoftCongestioncontrolispartoftheRNAdmissionControlfeature,andaimstoincreasetheaccessibilitybyadmittingusersinacellincaseofresourceshortage,ifalowpriorityusercan
loweritsrateorbepreempted.
ThebehaviorofRNSoftCongestioncontroldiffersdependingontherequestclass:
Nonguaranteedrequests:
Canreducetherateofotherlowerpriority,nonguaranteedconnectionpartsinsteps(forexamplefrominteractivePS384/64tointeractivePS128/64),downtotheirlowest
retainablerate.Equalpriorityrequestandconnectionpartswillequallybalancetheirresourceutilization(forexamplearequestforinteractivePS64/64canreducetherateofan
equalpriorityinteractivePS128/64tointeractivePS64/64,butnottolowerrates).
Guaranteedrequests:
Canreducetherateofanypriority,nonguaranteedconnectionpartsinstepsdowntotheirlowestretainablerate.Ifthatisnotsufficient,RNSoftCongestioncanpreemptexisting
guaranteedRABsoflowerpriority,ornonguaranteedRABsatthelowestretainablerateifrequestispreemptioncapableandconnectionparttargetedispreemptionvulnerable(for
exampleconv.CSSpeech(priority=3,preemptioncapable)canpreemptconv.CSunknown(priority=4,preemptionvulnerable).
Notethatinthecurrentreleaseoftheproduct,RNSoftCongestioncontroldoesnottargetradioconnectionsoriginatingoverIur.AlsonotethatMBMScontrolchannelsMCCHandMICHare
nottargeted.

3.2.3AdmissionPolicies
3.2.3.1Introduction
Admissionrequestsareevaluatedfordifferentsystemresourcesthroughadmissionpolicies.Anadmissionpolicyisasetofrulesonasystemresourcedecidingwhetherarequestforthat
resourceshalleitherbe:
Admitted
Blocked
Conditionallyblocked,thatiswhentherequestisadmittedunderconditionthatRNSoftCongestioncanfreetheresourcesneeded
Therulesareexpressedintermsofacertaincombinationofadmissionrequestattributes,thecurrentresourceutilizationandthresholds.Whetheranadmissionpolicyisevaluatedforacertain
admissionrequest,dependsontheadmissionrequestattributes,theadmissionpolicyevaluatedcanbesummarizedasinTable3.Dependingonthechanneltypeoftherequests,oneormore
admissionpolicyisevaluated,forexampletheULASEAdmissionpolicyisevaluatedforthechanneltyperequestsDCH/DCH,DCH/HSDPAandforEUL/HSDPAbutnotforMBMS(i.eYes
meansthatthepolicywillbeevaluatedandNomeansthatthepolicywillnotbeevaluated).
Table3SummaryoftheAdmissionPolicyEvaluation
AdmissionPolicy

Channeltype

Channeltype

Channeltype

Channeltype

DCH/DCH

DCH/HSDPA

EUL/HSDPA

MBMS

DLChCodeAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes(DLcodeforSRBpartonDCH)

Yes(DLcodeforSRBpartonDCH)

Yes

DLPowerAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

DLASEAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes,(GBRpartonHSDPAandSRBpartonDCH) Yes,(GBRpartonHSDPAandSRBpartonDCH) Yes,(GBRpartonDCH)

ULASEAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

DLSFAdmPolicy

Yes,(SF8,16,32) No

No

No

ULSFAdmPolicy

Yes,(SF8,16,32) Yes,(SF8,16,32)

No

No

CPMAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

ServingHSAdmPolicy

No

Yes

Yes

No

ServingEULAdmPoliicy

No

No

Yes

No

NonservingEULAdmPolicy No

No

Yes

No

DLRBSHWAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

ULRBSHWAdmPolicy

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

MBMSAdmPolicy

No

No

No

Yes

3.2.3.2TheDownlinkChannelizationCodeAdmissionPolicy
TheDownlinkChannelizationCodeAdmissionPolicyisevaluatedwhenDLchannelizationcodesarerequested.
TheadmissionrequestcanbegrantedincasetheresourceusageplustheadditionalspreadingfactorisbelowtheadmissionleveldlCodeAdm.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)or(guaranteed,nonhandover)areconditionallyblockedwhenthecurrentDLchannelizationcodeisexceedingthe
dlCodeAdmlevel.
Admissionrequests(guaranteed,handover)areblockediftheusagearrivesat100%utilization(RNSoftCongestionactiontriggered).
IfHSDSCHisactivatedandenabledinacell,thecodethresholddlCodeAdmwillbebasedonthecodetree,excludingthecodesreservedforHSDSCH.
3.2.3.3TheDownlinkTransmittedCarrierPowerAdmissionPolicy
TheDownlinkTransmittedCarrierPowerAdmissionPolicyisevaluatedincaseadditionalDLtransmittedcarrierpowerisrequested.TheadmissionlevelisdefinedbytheparameterpwrAdm.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)or(guaranteed,nonhandover)areconditionallyblockedwhenthemonitoredDLtransmittedcarrierpowerisexceeding
thepwrAdmlevel
Admissionrequests(guaranteed,handover)areblockediftheusagearrivesat100%utilization.
AdmissionrequestsareblockedincasethecelliseitherinDLoverloadorinDLHSDPAoverloadandlowerpriorityusersarebeingtargetedtofreeresources.
3.2.3.4ASEAdmissionDLPolicy
TheASEAdmissionPolicyisevaluatedincasetherequestindicatesaneedforadditionalASEDL.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)and(guaranteed,nonhandover)areconditionallyblockediftheASEdownlinkusageexceedsaseDlAdm.
Admissionrequests(guaranteed,handover)areneverblocked.
Inthedownlink,thedownlinktransmittedcarrierpoweristhemainsystemresourceusedtocontroltheairinterfaceload.TheparameteraseDlAdmisacomplementtotheRNAdmission
Controlwhenthecellcansupportsomanyusersthatitisclosetothepolecapacity,whichcancauseinstability.Therefore,ifthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpoweristhelimitingresource,
aseDlAdmcanbesetveryhigh,soitdoesnotinterferewiththecontrolstrategyusedforthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpower.
3.2.3.5ASEAdmissionULPolicy
TheASEAdmissionPolicyisevaluatedincasetherequestindicatesaneedforadditionalASEUL.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)and(guaranteed,nonhandover)areconditionallyblockediftheASEuplinkusageexceedsaseUlAdm.
Admissionrequests(guaranteed,handover)areneverblocked.
3.2.3.6SpreadingFactorAdmissionPolicy
TheSpreadingFactorAdmissionPolicyisdividedintoDLandULforNonGuaranteedandGuaranteedServiceClasses.
NonGuaranteedServiceClassLimitsinDownlink
RNAdmissionControlblocksnonguaranteedrequestclassrequestsindownlink,incasetheresourceusageplustherequestednumberofradiolinksperDLspreadingfactorusageinacellis
abovethefollowingloadcontrollevels.Figure6showsthepolicycomprising:

Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor8indownlinkareblockedwhentheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf8Adm.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor16indownlinkareblockedwhentheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf16Adm.

Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor32indownlinkareblockedwhentheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf32Adm.
GuaranteedServiceClassLimitsinDownlink
RNAdmissionControlblocks(guaranteed,handover/nonhandover)admissionincasetheresourceusageplustherequestedspreadingfactor16inDL(forexample,streaming
PS16/128radioconnectiontype)iftheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf16gAdm.
NonGuaranteedServiceClassLimitsinUplink
RNAdmissionControlblocksnonguaranteedrequestclassrequestsinuplink,incasetheresourceusageplustherequestednumberofradiolinksperULspreadingfactorusagein
acellisabovethefollowingloadcontrollevels.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor4inuplink(forexample,PS384/HSradioconnectiontype)iftheusageofthis
spreadingfactorexceedssf4AdmUl.
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor8inuplinkiftheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf8AdmUl
Admissionrequests(nonguaranteed,handover/nonhandover)demandingspreadingfactor16inuplinkiftheusageofthisspreadingfactorexceedssf16AdmUl
GuaranteedServiceClassLimitsinUplink
RNAdmissionControlblocks(guaranteed,handover/nonhandover)admissionincasetheresourceusageplustherequestedspreadingfactor8inuplinkiftheusageofthis
spreadingfactorexceedssf8gAdmUl.
3.2.3.7CompressedModeRadioAdmissionPolicy
TheamountofradiolinksincompressedmodeismonitoredandRNAdmissionControlblocksadmissionrequestsforsucharadiolinkwhenthecurrentnumberofradiolinks
exceedstheparametercompModeAdm.ThisistolimittheUL/DLairinterfaceduetocompressedmode.
3.2.3.8ServingHSAdmissionPolicy
RNAdmissionControlblocksnewradiolinkadmissionrequestswhichinvolvetheallocationtoHSPDSCH/HSSCCHwhenthenumberofusersassignedtotheHSDSCHinthe
cellexceedstheloadcontrollevelhsdpaUsersAdm.TheparameterhsdpaUsersAdmshouldbesetdependentonthemaximumnumberofusersthatmaysimultaneouslybeserved.
ThisisdeterminedbytheparametermaxNumHsdpaUsersandthelicenselevelfornumberofHSusers.
IfadifferenceissetbetweentheparameterhsdpaUsersAdmandtheparametermaxNumHsdpaUserstherewillbeamargin,e.g.,formobilitypurposes,toavoidblockingHSDSCHcell
changes.NotethattheServingadmissionpolicyisonlyappliedtorequestsfornewHSDPAconnections,whichfollowtheServingHSDSCHCellSelectionduringRAB
Establishment.Therefore,requestsrelatedtomobilityofexistingHSDPAconnections,whichfollowtheServingHSDSCHCellChange,areneverblockedbytheServingHS
admissionpolicy.AlsonotethatthemarginformobilitypurposescanonlybesecurediftheRBSHWhandlesthetotalamountofusersthatarelimitedbytheparameter
maxNumHsdpaUsers.Configurationsexistwherethelicenses/parameterscanexceedinstantHWresourcesandinthesecases,admissionpolicieswillfailtomaintainmarginsand
rejectswillcomefromtheRBSinstead.TheremayalsobeadmissionblockingofHSDSCHusersduetothatthereisashortageofchannelelementsforADCH,(ADCHchannel
elementsresourcesaregenerallyconfiguredbasedonlicenselevel,maxnumberofusersparametersandnumberofHSDSCHresources,butcanalsobeconfiguredthroughthe
parametermaxNumADchReservation.FormoredetailsseeConfiguringHSDPAandEUL,Reference[19].
3.2.3.9ServingandnonservingEULAdmissionPolicy.
TomonitorthenumberofusersassignedtothephysicalEULchannels,twoloadcontrollevelsaredefinedbytheeulServingCellUsersAdmandeulNonServingCellUsersAdm
parameters.Bothparametersinclude2msTTIand10msTTI.
ArequesttouseEULisalloweduptoacertainlimitdefinedbyaeulServingCellUsersAdm.RNAdmissionControlshallrejectanEULuser,requestingthecellasservingcellifthe
totalnumberofservingcellEULusersincludingtherequestedisaboveeulServingCellUsersAdm.
EULuserscanbeinsoft/softerhandover.SinceeulServingCellUsersAdmonlyincludesservingcellusersitisalsopossibletobeabletolimittheEULusershavingthecellas
nonservingcell.ThisistobeabletolimittheamountofULHWreservedforthenonservingconnections.ThereforeeulNonServingCellUsersAdmisusedtobeabletolimitthe
numberofEULusershavingthecellasnonservingcell.RNAdmissionControlwillrejectanEULuser,requestingthecellasnonservingcellifthetotalnumberofnonservingcell
EULusersincludingtherequestedisaboveeulNonServingCellUsersAdm.
EULconnectionsusingaTTIof2msusemoreradioresourcesthanEULconnectionsusingaTTIof10ms.Forthatreason,aseparateadmissionthreshold
eulServingCellUsersAdmTti2isusedtolimitthenumberofEULconnectionsinacellusingaTTIof2ms.TheparametereulServingCellUsersAdmTti2isa2msTTIlimitwithin
thesetofeulServingCellUsersAdmwhichcontainsboth2msTTIand10msTTI.
3.2.3.10TheRBSHardwareDLAdmissionPolicy
TheRBSHardwareMonitorprovidesRNAdmissionControlwiththeestimationofthehardwareusageperradiolinktypeinacellforthedownlink.Theadmissionlevelisdefinedby
theparameterdlHwAdmforDL.
(Nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)and(guaranteed,nonhandover)admissionrequestsareconditionallyblockedwhentheresourceusageexceedsthedlHwAdm
level.
(Guaranteed,handover)admissionrequestsareblockedwhenthedownlinkhardwareusagearrivesat100%utilization(ofthelicensedvalue)(RNSoftCongestionis

triggered).
NotethattheRNSoftCongestionmechanismontheDLHWresourcewillconsidertheconnectionsintherelatedcellsoncellgrouplevelaspossibletargets.Forexample,ifan
admissionrequestisblockedonDLHW,connectionsinthecellsconnectedtothesameHWgrouparepossiblytargeted
3.2.3.11TheRBSHardwareULAdmissionPolicy
TheRBSHardwareMonitorprovidesRNAdmissionControlwiththeestimationofthehardwareusageperradiolinktypeinacellfortheuplink.Theadmissionlevelisdefinedbythe
parameterulHwAdmforUL.
(Nonguaranteed,nonhandover/handover)and(guaranteed,nonhandover)admissionrequestsareconditionallyblockedwhentheresourceusageexceedstheulHwAdm
level.
(Guaranteed,handover)admissionrequestsareblockedwhentheuplinkhardwareusagearrivesat100%utilization(ofthelicensedvalue)(RNSoftCongestionis
triggered).
NotethattheRNSoftCongestionmechanismontheULHWresourcewillconsidertheconnectionsintherelatedcellsoncellgrouplevelaspossibletargets.Forexample,ifan
admissionrequestisblockedonULHW,connectionsinthecellsconnectedtothesameHWgrouparepossiblytargeted.
3.2.3.12TheMBMSAdmissionPolicy
TheMBMSadmissionpolicyisevaluatedincasetheMBMStrafficchannel(MTCH)isestablishedinacell.Incasethemaximumamountofpreferredlayersessionsornon
preferredlayersessionsisexceededinthecell,therequestwilltriggerRNSoftCongestionactionstowardslowerpriorityMBMSsessions.

3.3RNCongestionControl
TheRNCongestionControlfunctiondetectsandresolvesoverloadsituationsoncertainsystemresources.Itconsistsofthreetypes,ULoverload,DLoverloadandDLHSDPA
overloadseeSection2.3.CapacityManagementhasbeenupdatedtoremovethedifferentiationoftheguaranteedhsconnectiontypesasseparateclass.Asaconsequence,the
interactive/backgroundPSservicesmappedonHSarenottargetedduringaDLcellcongestionsituation,whileguaranteedservicesaretargetedaccordingtotheguaranteedclass
differentiationsettings.

3.3.1CongestionDetection
CongestiondetectionistriggeredbyULcellcongestion,DLcellcongestionandDLHSDPAcongestiondetection.
3.3.1.1UplinkCellCongestionDetection
AsshowninFigure7,congestionduetoradiooverloadinuplinkisdetectedwhentheULRWTPexceedsacertainconfigurablethresholdforalongertimethanthehysteresistime.
ThethresholdfordetectionofULcongestionisdeterminedbyiFCongandthehysteresistimeisdeterminedbyiFHyst.
RNCongestionControlconsidersULcongestiontoberesolvedwhentheuplinkRTWPforaparticularcellisbelowiFCongforalongertimethanthehysteresistimeiFHyst.

Figure7DetectionofULCellCongestionduetoULRTWP
3.3.1.2DownlinkCellCongestionDetection
AsshowninFigure8,congestionduetoradiooverloadinthenonHSdownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerisdetectedwhenthemeasureddownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerexceeds
acertainconfigurablethresholdforalongertimethanthehysteresistime.ThethresholdfordetectionofdownlinkcongestionisdeterminedbytheparameterspwrAdm+pwrOffset
andthehysteresistimepwrHyst.
DownlinkcellcongestionisconsideredtoberesolvedwhenthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerforaparticularcellisbelowpwrAdm+pwrOffsetforalongertimethanthe
hysteresistime.

Figure8DetectionofDownlink CellCongestionDuetoDownlink TransmittedCarrierPower

3.3.1.3DLHSDPAcongestiondetection
TheDLtransmittedcarrierpowerisconsideredDLHSDPAoverloadedifthemonitorednonHSDLpower+HSrequiredDLpower>100%utilizationforahysteresistime
maxPowerOverloadHystTime.ThisisindicatedintheFigure9.ThenonHSDLpowerandtheHSrequiredpowerisreportedbytheRBS,seeReference[8]formoredetails.

Figure9OverloadcontrolusingtheHSrequiredpowerandnonHSrequiredpower

3.3.2CongestionResolveHandling
IncaseofonlyDLoverload,orDLoverloadandDLHSDPAoverload,besidesdenyingadmissiontothecongestedcell,RNCongestionControlstartscongestionresolveactionsin
thecell.Thecongestionresolveactionsareperiodicfromthestartofdownlinkcongestionuntilthedownlinkcellcongestionsituationisresolved.Thecongestionresolveactionsare
basedonthereleaseofacertainamountofASEindownlink.Thereleaseisdonebyreducingtherateindownlink(ifpossible)ortoreleaseRABsinoneormoreradioconnections.
The'pace'ofthecongestionresolveactions(thatistheintervalbetweenperiodiccongestionresolveactions)andthe'strength'ofthecongestionresolveactions(thatistheamountof
ASEindownlinktobereleasedeachcongestionresolveaction)isconfigurableperrequestclass.ForIuoriginatingconnections,theASEindownlinkisreleased(whenpossible)by
switchingtheconnectiontothecommonchannelorreleasingRAB.WhileforconnectionsoriginatingoverIurthereleaseofASEindownlinkisdonebyterminatingtheradiolink,
whichinturnleadstothereleaseofthewholeconnection.TheconnectionswiththehighestASEindownlinkaretargetedfirst,iftheyhavethesamepriority.Theconnectionsare
targetedinorderofARPpriority,ignoringthepreemptionvulnerabilitysetting.
Figure10showstheprincipleofthedifferentiationincongestionresolvehandlingforatypicalsituationinwhichthereisamixofnonguaranteedandguaranteedradioconnectionsin
thecongestedcell.

Figure10DifferentiationinDownlink CellCongestionResolveHandling
Afterdetectionofoverload,animmediateactionistakentoreleasereleaseAseDlNgofASEsindownlinkfornonguaranteedserviceclassconnectioninorderofpriorityandthe
timertmInitialGisstarted.Ifaftertheinitialcongestionresolveactiontherearenonguaranteedserviceclassconnectionsremaininginthecellandthecongestionsituation
persist,thereleaseofASEsindownlinkisrepeatedwiththeperiodtmCongActionNg.IncasetheoverloadsituationremainsafteralltheASEsindownlinkofthenonguaranteed

serviceclassconnectionsarereleasedandthetimertmInitialGisexpired,timertmCongActionisstarted.Then,releaseAseDlamountofASEsindownlinkforguaranteed
serviceclassconnectionsarereleasedinaperiodicalfashionuntilthecongestionsituationinthedownlinkisresolved.SettingreleaseAseDlNgorreleaseAseDlto0meansthat
nocongestionresolveactionsareinitiatedonthenonguaranteedorguaranteedradioconnectionsrespectively
Basically,whennonHSDLtransmittedcarrierpoweroverloadisdetected,overloadactionsaretakeninthefollowingsequence(withinstepsinorderofallocation/retentionpriority):
Step1)NonguaranteedRABsondedicated,nonsharedradiochannelsarereducedtotheirlowestretainablerateinthecurrentradioconfiguration
Step2)GuaranteedRABsandnonguaranteedRABs(remainingafterstep1andnoton0kbpsoroncommonradiochannels)ondedicated,nonsharedradiochannels
arereleased
NotethatneitherguaranteednornonguaranteedRABsonHSDPAradiochannelsaretargetedduringthesesteps,astheyarenotcontributingtothenonHSDLtransmittedcarrier
poweroverloadsituation.
WhenDLHSDPAoverloadisdetected,oracombinationofnonHSDLtransmittedcarrierpowerandDLHSDPAoverload,theoverloadactionsaretakeninthefollowingsequence
(withinstepsinorderofallocation/retentionpriority):
Step1)NonguaranteedRABsondedicated,nonsharedradiochannelsarereducedtotheirlowestretainablerateinthecurrentradioconfiguration
Step2)GuaranteedRABsondedicatedradiochannels(includingHSDPA)andnonguaranteedRABs(remainingafterstep1andnoton0kbpsoroncommonradio
channels)ondedicated,nonsharedradiochannelsarereleased
NotethatthenonguaranteedRABsonHSDPAradiochannelsarenottargetedduringthesesteps,astheyarecontrolledbytheHSDPAScheduler.NotethatneitherSRBonlynor
thecommonMBMSchannelsMCCHandMICHaretargetedduringanoverloadsituation.NotethatincaseofHSDPAoverloadonly,admissionisstillpassedforrequestswhich
haveahigherallocation/retentionprioritythantheconnectionsbeingtargeted.

3.4CapacityManagementRelatedConfigurations
Inthepowerperradiolinktherearethreelimits:
MaximumUETransmittedPower
MinimumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
MaximumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
Inthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerpercellthereisonelimit:
MaximumDownlinkTransmissionPower
InthenumberofHSPDSCHchannelcodes(SF=16)thatcanbeallocatedforaHSDPAcapablecellthereisonelimit:
MaximumNumberofHSPDSCHCodes

3.4.1MaximumUETransmittedPower
TheoperatorcanlimittheuplinktransmittedpowerbysettingmaxTxPwrUL.TheparametermaxTxPwrUL(dBm)definesthemaximumtransmissionpowerauserisallowedtotransmit
oncelllevel.Formoreinformation,seeIdleModeandCommonChannelBehavior,Reference[9].However,uplinktransmittedpowerisnottakenintoconsiderationintheestimation
ofthesystemresourcemonitoring.

3.4.2MinimumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
Ifthepowerofaradiolinkisverylow,itisverysensitivetovariousinterference.ToavoidthatthePowerControlfunction(seePowerControl,Reference[11])decreasesthepowertoo
muchduetotemporarygoodradioconditions,aminimumdownlinktransmittedcodepowervalueisconfigured.TheparameterthatsetsthisvaluepercellisminPwrRl(dB)anditis
relativetoprimaryCPICHpowerinacell.

3.4.3MaximumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
ItisimportantthatthePowerControlfunctioncanincreasethepowertothelevelthatisrequiredtomaintainthequalityoftheconnection(seePowerControl,Reference[11]).
Therefore,themaximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowerneedstobesethighenoughtosupportthecoveragethatisexpectedfortheradioconnectiontype.However,the
maximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowercannotbetoohigh,asitmustavoidinstabilityduetoafasterInnerLoopPowerControlcomparedtoCapacityManagementfunctions.
Maximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowersettingperradiolinkisdeterminedbyapercelldefinablemapping,basedonthemaximumrateoftheradiolink.Currently,three
mappingpointscanbeconfigured,throughwhichinbetweenvaluesareinterpolated.Thefollowingsixparameterssetthesemappingpoints:minPwrMax(dB),minimumRate(bps),
interPwrMax(dB),interRate(bps),maxPwrMax(dB),maxRate(bps).Theoperatorcanmodifytheshapeofthecurvebychangingtherelatedparameters.

Figure11RelationshipbetweenBitRate(bps)andMaximumDownlink TransmittedCodePower(dB)
Figure11showsthemappingcurveofthemaximumradiolinkrateontothemaximumpowerperradiolink.Themaximumpowerperradiolink(dB)iscalculatedrelativetothe
primaryCPICH.Aradiolinkrequiresacertainrate(bps)andthisrateismappedontothemaximumpowerallowedforthatradiolink.RequestsforabitratebelowminimumRateare
mappedonminPwrMax.RequestsabovemaxRatearemappedonmaxPwrMax.Ifarequestisbetweenthethreemappingpoints,thesevaluesareinterpolated.Table4givesthe
maximumradiolinkrateforeachconnectiontype.
Table4MaximumRadioLink RateforsomeRadio
Connections,notacompletelist
RadioConnectionType MaximumDLRadioLinkRate
PS384/HS

3700

SRB13.6

14800

AMR12.2

15900

CS64

67700

PS64/64

70900

MultiRAB(CS64+PS8/8) 76100
PS64/384

406900

NotethatincaseoftheoptionalPS64/HSandPS384/HSradioconnectiontypes,themaximumradiolinkrateindownlinkonlyinvolvestheADCH.
NotealsothatmaximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowermustnotbesettoalowervaluethantheminPwrRl.

3.4.4MaximumDownlinkTransmissionPower
TheoperatorcanlimitthetotalmaximumpowerthatisallowedtobetransmittedbyanRBSinacellbysettingmaximumTransmissionPower.Thisparameterisusedwhensetting
uporreconfiguringacellwhenmaximumTransmissionPowerishigherthanthemaximumdownlinkpowercapabilityreportedbytheRBS,thelatterisautomaticallytakenasthe
limitofthetotalmaximumpowerallowedinthecell.ThismechanismsimplifiessetupandreconfigurationofcellsandenablestheUTRANtohandlechangesinRBSmaximum
downlinkpowercapabilityinatransparentfashion.
Notethatthetotalmaximumdownlinktransmissionpowerinacellalsorepresentsthecalibrationvalueforthe100%levelofthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpowermeasurements
usedbytheDownlinkTransmittedCarrierPowerMonitor(seeSection3.1.2).
AsforHSDSCHtransmission,theprocessintheRBSthatdeterminestheestimationoftheremainingpowerandtheallocationtotheHSPDSCH/HSSCCHcodesisdescribedin
HSDPAUserPlane,Reference[8]andPowerControl,Reference[11].

3.4.5MaximumNumberofHSPDSCHCodes
TheoperatorcanconfigurethenumberofHSPDSCHcodes(SF=16)thatshouldbereservedforaHSDPAcapablecellbysettingnumHsPdschCodes.ThemaximumnumberofHS
PDSCHcodesisdependentonlicenselevelandparametermaxNumHsPdschCodesupto15codesmaybeallocated.WithahighnumberofHSPDSCHcodesallocated,theriskfor
codeblockingwillhoweverincreaseandallocating15HSPDSCHcodesfromtheRNCisnotadvised.ThenumberofHSPDSCHcodesinuseforHSDSCHtransmissionmayalso
bedynamicallyadaptedbytheHSDPADynamicCodeAllocationfeature,seeHSDPAUserPlane,Reference[8].Observethatthecellhastobelocked/unlockedwhenchanging
theparametermaxNumHsPdschCodes
ThenumberofHSSCCHcodes(SF=128)inuseiscontrolledwiththenumHsScchCodesparameter.ThenumberofHSSCCHcodesconfiguredcontrolshowmanyusersthatmay
simultaneouslybescheduledper2msTTI,seeHSPDAUserPlane.

3.5RelevantCapacityKeys

ThetotalamountofRBShardwarethatcanbeusedmightbelimitedbythefollowingcapacitykeys:
WCDMARBSkeyforChannelElementsUL:FAJ121072
WCDMARBSkeyforChannelElementsDL:FAJ121073
ThekeyssetalimitontheavailableamountofChannelElementsthatmaybeutilizedsimultaneouslyintheRBS,separatelyforuplinkanddownlink.
ThemaximumnumberofHSPDSCHcodessetperHSDPAcapablecellbythefollowingcapacitykey:
WCDMARBSkeyforHSDPACodespercell:FAJ1210332
ThenumberofHSPAuserspercellcanbesetbythefollowinglicensekey:
WCDMARBSkeyforHSDPAUsersperCell:FAJ1211011
ThedefaultcostmodelusedasabasisfortheRBScapacitylicensingandmonitoringinuplinkmaybechangedbymeansofthefollowingcapacitykeys:
WCDMARBSkeyforDCHChannelElementLadder:FAJ1211007
WCDMARBSkeyforEDCHChannelElementLadder:FAJ1211157
InthecaseofutilizingmorethanonebasebandpoolineitherULorDL,thelicensehastobestaticallydividedoverthesetwobasebandpools.Thisisforexamplewhendeploying
morethantwocarriersinabasestation.ThiscanbedoneforULandDLseparatelybyusingtheparametersulLicFractBbPool2ordlLicFractBbPool2.Bydefaultthefirst
basebandpool,ULorDLgets100%ofthelicenses.
InformationaboutorderingandinstallationoflicensekeysinthenetworkcanbefoundinHandlingofLicenseControl,Reference[4]

3.6InitialrateselectionforAMRNB
WithAMRNBitispossibletouselowerspeechcodecratesthan12.2kbps.Theradionetworksupports7.95kbps,5.9kbpsand4.75kbpsAMRcodecs.Thereisnoadaptationin
thesensethatAMRcodecsarechangedduringanongoingspeechconnectionratherthereisapossibilitytoadapttherateatRABestablishment.

3.6.1Initialselectionalgorithm
TheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmwill,basedonsystemresourceloadandthresholdsofDLPower,DLCodeandULASE,determinetheinitialAMRrate.Iftheradio
connectionisinmorethenonecell,thethresholdsneedstobecombined(forexampletheminimumofDLPower,ULASEandDLCodecombined)andtheminimumratewillbe
selected(forexampleiftheradioconnectionsconsistof5.9kbpsand7.95kbps,5.9kbpswillbeselected).
Theloadthresholdsshouldbesetaccordingtooperatorpreference.DefaultvaluesofthesethresholdswillonlygiveAMR12.2kbpsselection,independentofload.
Table5LoadthresholdsforAMR
Rate/Resource DLPower

ULASE

DLCode

AMR12.2kbps pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr12200 aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr12200 codeLoadThresholdDlSf128

AMR7.95kbps pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr7950 aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr7950 codeLoadThresholdDlSf128
AMR5.9kbps

pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr5900 aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr5900

AMR4.75kbps

Ifrateselectioninvolvesmorethanonecell,theratesselectedperindividualcellshallbeconsideredasmaximumratesonly.Itisthusperfectlypossiblethateventhoughonerateis
excludedfromselectioninonecell,itmaystillbetherateselectedwhentakingmorecellsintoconsideration.
AllmultiRABswillusetheAMR12.2kbpsmode.IfaGuaranteedBitRate(GBR)attributeisset,thisratewillalwaysbetheminimumrate,irrespectiveofiftheloadthreshold
settingandloadmeasurementsuggestsotherwise.

4EngineeringGuidelines
4.1RNAdmissionControl
4.1.1ASEAdmissionPolicy
Inmanynetworks,downlinkpoweristhelimitingresource,whydownlinkresourcehandlingisbettercontrolledbythedownlinktransmittedcarrierpoweradmissionpolicy.Todisable
theDLASEadmissionpolicy,aseDlAdmshouldbesettoitsmaximumvalue(500).
ForuplinkRNAdmissionControl,theULASEadmissionpolicyprovidesawaytolimitexcessiveULinterferenceavoidinglargevariationsincellbreathing.Thiscanbeusedincells
wherethereisanobservedhighULinterference.InothercellstheULASEadmissionpolicycanturnedofbysettingaseUlAdmtoitsmaximumvalue(500).
Dependingonthenetworkconfiguration,levelofRFtuning,userdistribution,theadmissionlimitaseUlAdmcanbeadjustedtobetterreflecttheactuallydeployednetwork.Another
aspecttoconsideristheactivityfactorontheradiobearers.ThishaslittleimpactforspeechandUDIradiobearerssincetheactivityisknownandfairlyconstant,butnotforpacket

services.Tobeabletosecuresystemstability,thecurrentASEforeachlinkforallbearersexceptspeechassumeshighactivity(7080%).Typically,theactivityfactorforapacket
connectionislowerthantheassumption,especiallyintheUL.Thisalldependsonapplicationbehaviorandparametersettings.ThisassumptionleadstoanoverestimationofASE
usageincellswithpredominantlypackettraffic,whytheULASEadmissionlimitaseUlAdmcanberaisedfromthedefaultof160ASEs.
ThebesteffortmarginandoffsetparametersareremovedfromtheASEadmission.Theincreasedadmissionlevelfornonguaranteed,nonhandoverduetoremovedbesteffort
margin,willhavelimitedimpact.Thereasonisthatevenifmorenonguaranteedpacketdataconnectionsareadmitted,RNSoftCongestioncandownswitchtheseconnectionsto
lowestretainablerate(CELL_FACH)atcongestion,whileanewincomingconnectionisallowedaccordingtotheconditionallyblockingprinciple.ThuskeepingtheP5configuration
oftheparameteraseUlAdmwillgiveasimilarASEULadmissionfunctionasforP5.
TheASEvalueshasbeenmodifiedformostRadioLinks,seeTable2.ThelargestchangesappliestoStandaloneSRB,ConversationalCSspeech12.2/12.2andHSDPA.In
networkswheresuchRABsarepredominant,itmaybenecessarytoreducedtheASEadmissionleveltoachievethesameloadlevelasinolderreleases.

4.1.2TheDownlinkTransmittedCarrierPowerAdmissionPolicy
Thedownlinktransmittedcarrierpoweradmissionpolicycontrolsthedownlinkpowerutilizedbyrelease99channelconnections.Theremainingpowercanthenbeusedfor
transmissionofHSPDSCH/HSSCCHchannelstoHSDPAusers.BychangingthesettingofpwrAdm,theportionofdownlinkpoweratadmissionreservedforHSDPAconnections
canbeincreasedordecreased.Thedefaultsettingsbalanceamixofrelease99channelusersandavailablepowerforHSDPA,providingaminimumof25%powertoHSDPA,
exceptforthosecaseswhenrelease99channeltakespartofthatpowerduetomobility,powervariationsofusersinthecellandparameterhsPowerMargin.SeeHSDPAUser
Plane.
Foracellwithpredominantlyrelease99channeltraffic,itispossibletoincreasethepoweradmissionthresholdtomaximizecapacity.AnoptionistomakeuseofthecompletePA
capabilitybeforethecongestionresolvemechanismisactivated,whichispossiblethankstothefastRNCongestionControlmechanismintheRBS.Thisisachievedbysettingthe
totalvaluesofparameterspwrAdmandpwrOffsetequalto99%(sothatcongestionresolveactionscanstillbetriggered,seeSection3.3.1.2DownlinkCellCongestionDetection).
ParameterpwrAdmcanbesetto84%maintainingpwrOffsetat15%.Droppedcallsandsofthandoverfailuresshouldbecarefullymonitoredtomakesurethatnonegativeimpactis
causedbysuchachange.

4.1.3TheDownlinkChannelizationCodeAdmissionPolicy
Thebesteffortmarginisremovedfromthedownlinkchannelizationcodeadmission.ThiswillonlyhavelimitedeffectonthedownlinkchannelizationcodeadmissionasRNSoft
Congestioncantriggerlowerratesonlowerpriority,nonguaranteedconnections.Itispossibletofurthertunethedefaultparametersettingsforincreasedcapacity.Changing
dlCodeAdmto90%orevenhigherwillfurtherincreasethecodetreeusageandstillallowamarginfornewsofthandoverlegs.Itisrecommendedtomonitorstatisticstoverifythat
thenetworkadmissionbehaviorisasexpectedandfullyadmitssofthandovers.
NotethatdownlinkchannelizationcodesusedforHSDPAareexcludedfromthecalculationofthedownlinkchannelizationcodeadmission.

4.1.4TheSpreadingFactorAdmissionPolicy
Indownlink,itisrecommendedtodisablethespreadingfactoradmissionpolicysince,undernormalconditions,theASE,powerandcodeadmissionmechanismslimitthebest
effortservicesthroughtheRNSoftCongestioncontrol.
Inuplink,thenumberofusersonULSF4inacellcanbecontrolledbyparametersf4AdmUl(includingthe384/HSconnections).Itisalsorecommendedtoincreasethedefault
parametervaluesforsf8AdmUlandsf16AdmUltoavoidunnecessaryrestrictionofaccessibility.

4.1.5TheServingHSAdmissionPolicy
TheadmissionthresholdhsdpaUsersAdmdeterminesthemaximumnumberofsimultaneousHSDPAuserstobeadmittedinacellatcallsetup,andshouldbesettakinginto
considerationthetradeoffbetweennumberofHSusersanduserthroughput.ItshouldbenotedthatusersaccessingthecellusingHSDSCHcellchangeareneverrejecteddueto
thislimit.Therefore,whensettingthisthreshold,thereshouldberoomleftforHScellchanges,sothattheservingcellisalwaystheoptimalcell,ensuringhighthroughputand
reducingtheriskfordroppedcalls.Factorssuchascelltrafficlevelfromrelease99channelsanduserperceptionfromablockedconnectioncomparedtoreceivingalowthroughput
connectionshouldbeconsideredwhensettingthevalueoftheparameter.ThenumberofsimultaneousHSDPAusersiscloselyrelatedtotheconfigurationof
hsdschInactivityTimerseeReference[1]formoreinformation.NotethatthehsdpaUsersAdmshouldnotbesethigherthanathecapacitylicenseonnumberofHSDPAusers
(FAJ1211011)assetintheRBS.

4.1.6TheservingandnonservingEULAdmissionPolicy
TheparameterseulServingCellUsersAdmandeulServingCellUsersAdmTti2canbesettolimitalargenumberofEULusersintheservingcell,whichotherwisemaycausetoo
pooruserperformance.TheparametereulNonServingCellUsersAdmisbydefaultsettoitsmaximumvaluenottoaffecttheEULnumberofusers.Whenanyofaboveadmission
limitsarereached,andthenewrequestisblocked,therequestwillretryon,ifpossible,EUL10msTTIorarelease99channel,seeConnectionHandlingReference[2].Parameters
eulServingCellUsersAdmandeulNonServingCellUsersAdmlimitthetotalnumberofEULusers,i.e.both2msTTIand10msTTIEULusers,whileeulServingCellUsersAdmTti2
onlylimittheEUL2msTTIusers.
NotethattheeulServingCellUsersAdm,eulServingCellUsersAdmTti2andeulNonServingCellUsersAdmshouldnotbesethigherthanthecapacitylicenseonnumberofEUL
users(FAJ1211129)assetintheRBS.

4.1.7TheRBSHardwareAdmissionPolicy
TheRBShardwaremonitoringadmissionpolicyisdisabledbydefaultinbothuplinkanddownlink(parametersulHwAdm=100,dlHwAdm=100).Thisimpliesthatnohardwareis
reservedforhandoverofconnections,andthatnoRNSoftCongestionmechanismisactive(thisonlyappliesforRBSHWresources).
However,itisrecommendedtosetthelimitingparameterstovaluesbelowtheirmaximumvaluesasthatwillreserveresourcesforhandoverandalsoactivatetheRNSoftcongestion
functionality.Whensettingtheadmissionthresholdsitisimportanttoconsideranycapacityrequirement,especiallyforlowcapacitycells.Thismeansreviewingthecapacity
requirementforrequestedradiobearersaswellasidentifyinganoptimizedreservationlevelofhandoverresources.Formostnetworksandcellscenarios,itisexpectedthatthe

admissionthresholdsaresetto90%orhigher.TheRNSoftCongestioncontrolworksonlywhentheresourceutilizationislowerthan100%.Itisimportanttomonitoradmission
statisticstomakesurethatcapacityandperformanceisasexpected.
TheobservabilityforChannelElementsisupdatedandvisualizedbynewRNCbasedcountersinMOClassIubLink.TheChannelElementusageisavailableinpdfaswellas
averageandsquareaveragemeasurements.
The8newcountersarepmDlCredits,pmUlCredits,pmSumDlCredits,pmSumSqrDlCredits,pmSamplesDlCredits,pmSumUlCredits,pmSumSqrUlCreditsand
pmSamplesUlCredits.

4.1.8AMRNBRateSelectionPolicy
TheinitialrateselectionforAMRNBcanbecontrolledforeachratebyDLpower,ASEULandDLcodethresholds.Thefeatureisbydefaultconfiguredtoalwaysgiveadmissionto
AMR12.2kbps.OnealternativeistosetparameterspwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr7950andaseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr7950to100,whichtriggersallocationofAMR
7.95kbpsatadmission.TheusageofAMR7.95kbpsinsteadofAMR12.2kbpsimprovesthecapacityandcoverage.
ItisalsopossibletocontroltheAMRrateselectiontoadapttochangesintheloadsituationinthecells.AlowloadgivesAMR12.2kbpsatadmission,whileahighloadgivesa
lowerAMRrate.Thiscanbedonebysettingtheparametersindividuallyforeachrateadmission.Itisthenimportanttosettheparametersbasedonlyonrateselectionbeing
performedatadmissionandthatnoreconfigurationofrateispossibleonongoingcalls.

4.2RNCongestionControl
4.2.1CongestionDetection
4.2.1.1DownlinkCellCongestionDetection
Thedownlinkcellcongestiondetectionlevelissetrelativetothetotalmaximumpowerallowedinthecell(seeSection3.4.4andSection4.3.3),usingthesumofparameterspwrAdm
andpwrOffset.ThehysteresistimeissetdefinedbyparameterpwrHyst.
ParameterpwrHystshouldcopewithshortpeaksinthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerthatingeneraldonotleadtodownlinkcellcongestionsituations,sothatunnecessary
blockingofthecelland(evenworse)unnecessarycongestionresolveactionsareavoided.
FieldtestshaveshownthatthedefaultsettingasstatedinSection5isacceptableinmostcases.Nevertheless,pwrHystcanbemodifieddependingonthedurationofthepeaksin
thedownlinktransmittedcarrierpower,whichmaybeinfluencedbytheUEbehavior,radioenvironmentandpowercontrolsettings.
4.2.1.2DLHSDPACongestionDetection
ItispossibletoreserveDLcarrierpowerfornonGBRHSserviceusersbyconfiguringtheRBSparameterschMinPowerNonGbrHsUsers,seeReference[8],forparameterdetails.If
forexamplethisparameterissetto20%,then20%oftheDLcarrierpowerwillbereservedforthenonGBRHSusersifneeded.IfthenonGBRHSusersaresatisfiedandareusing
forexample4%ofthepower,then4%isreportedasHSDSCHrequiredpowerbyRBS.ButifcongestionisdetectedforthenonGBRHSusers,seeHSDPAUserPlane,
schMinPowerNonGbrHsUsersisreportedasHSDSCHrequiredpowerinsteadofmeasuredpower.
DLHSDPAcongestiondetectionistriggeredwhenanyoftheGBRHSusersand/orthegroupofnonGBRHSusersareunsatisfiedforaperiodofmaxPowerOverloadHystTime.The
GBRHSusersareunsatisfiedwhennotfulfillingthedelayrequirementsforeachSPI.ThegroupofnonGBRusersisunsatisfiediftheDLcarrierpowerratiosetbyparameter
schMinPowerNonGbrHsUsersisnotreachedandatleastschCongThreshNonGbrpriorityqueuesarenotscheduledeventhoughpassingthevalidationprocedure.
ThedefaultvalueofschMinPowerNonGbrHsUsersis0,butcanbeincreasedtosecurenonGBRHStraffic.Note,thatahighparametervaluewillasafirststepinacongestion
scenarioreducetherelease99packetdatarate,butinextremeconfiguration/trafficscenariosevenGBRHSandvoiceconnectsbeaffected.
ThehighervalueronparameterschCongThreshNonGbr,thelowerpossibilityofDLHSDPAcongestiondetection.IftheparameterschCongThreshNonGbrisverylowcomparedtothe
actualnumberofpriorityqueuesthesoftHSDPAreservationschMinPowerNonGbrHsUsersmayappearasafixedreservationasitisalwaysusedfornonGBRHS.
4.2.1.3UplinkCellCongestionDetection
ThedetectionlevelforuplinkcellcongestionisdeterminedbyiFCongandbythehysteresistimesettingiFHyst.
TheuplinkcellcongestiondetectionisbasedontheuplinkReceivedTotalWidebandPower(RTWP).ThesignalismeasuredintheRBSandfeederlossesandTMAgainare
compensatedfor,toreceiveRTWPinthereferencepoint.Duetomeasurementuncertainties,differentfeederlossesandgainsaswellasvariationsinbackgroundnoise,RTWPcan
varyfromcelltocell.IncorrectsystemvaluesforfeederlossesandTMAgainsdirectlyeffecttheaccuracyofRTWP.Becauseoftheaboveuncertainties,itisimportanttotunethe
detectionleveloncellbasis.
Bydefault,uplinkcellcongestiondetectionisdisabledbysettingiFCongto49.9dBmandiFHystto6000ms.Inmanynetworks,ULinterferenceisnotthemainlimitationandthis
settingisacceptableinmostcases.Ifthereisahighdegreeofuplinkinterferenceinacell,itcanberelevanttotunetheseparameterstoresolveexcessivecellbreathing.
ItispossibletouseRBScounterstomeasureRSSIdistribution,whichthencanbeusedasinputwhenconfiguringiFCong.NoteinterferencefromEULtrafficisincludedinthe
measurementsandmaythereforetriggerthecongestiondetectionifnotconsidered.WhensettingparameteriFHyst,shortdurationofULinterferencepeaksshouldbedisregarded
as,ingeneral,theydonotleadtouplinkcellcongestion.Unnecessarydetectionofuplinkcongestionleadstounnecessaryblockingofthecell.Fieldtestshaveshownthatthere
mightbespecialconditionsinacellorspecificUEbehaviorsthatmayrequirethisparametertobetunedoncellbasis.
NetworkswithEULtrafficcanbenefitbycontrollingtheEULtrafficbyusingparametereulMaxRotCoverage.FormoreinformationseeReference[17].

4.2.2CongestionResolveHandling
Whendownlinkcellcongestionisdetected,theprocessoftakingcongestionresolveactionsstarts.Congestionresolveactionsaredifferentiatedaccordingtowhethertheyaffect
guaranteedornonguaranteedserviceclassconnections.
ThecongestionresolvehandlingcanbespeededupfornonguaranteedconnectionsbyreducingtheperiodtmCongActionNgand/orincreasingthereleasedASEperperiod
releaseAseDlNg.Ifchangedstatisticsshallbemonitoredtoidentifyifthecongestionresolvehandlingstillisstable.

4.3CapacityManagementRelatedConfigurations
4.3.1MinimumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
Theminimumdownlinktransmittedcodepower,minPwrRl,mustbesetinsuchawaythattheriskfordownlinkpowerrushesintransmitteddownlinkpowerisreduced.Fieldtests
haveshownthatifminimumdownlinktransmittedcodepowerissettoatoolowlevel,thereistherisk(dependingonthemobilevendor)thatUEscauseasuddenrushindownlink
powerbehavior,whichcanresultindownlinkcellcongestionbeingunnecessarilydetected.Avaluesettoolowcanalsoleadtouplinkinterferencepeaks,asthePowerControl
functionmayhaveproblemsreceivingthecontrolinformation.Asaruleofthumb,theminimumpowerforeachradiolinkshouldbeset25dBbelowthemaximumpowerallowed
maxDlPowerCapabilityintheRBS(seeSection4.3.3).

4.3.2MaximumDownlinkTransmittedCodePower
Thesettingforthemaximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowerisdependentonthedownlinkcoveragerequiredforaspecificserviceinthecell.Thissettingmustalsotakeinto
accounttheloadandinterferencesituation.ThemaximumdownlinktransmittedcodepowerissetusingtheDLpowermappingcurve(seeFigure11).Itmustbesethighenoughto
supportthecoveragethatisexpectedfortheradioconnectiontype.However,fieldtestshaveshownthatitisratherimportantnottosetthismaximumpowertoohigh,becauseit
willleadtoinstabilityinthedownlinktransmittedcarrierpowerbehavior.Therefore,thecombinedvaluesofparametersprimaryCpichPowerandmaxPwrMaxshouldnotexceed40%
ofthemaximumdownlinktransmissionpower(seeSection4.3.3).

4.3.3MaximumDownlinkTransmissionPower
ParametermaximumTransmissionPowerallowstheoperatortolimitthemaximumusedpowerinthecell.Innormalcasesthisisnotnecessary.Exceptionscanoccur,forexample
whenregulationsrequirelimitedEIRPattheantenna.
Toensurethatthemaximumpowerisavailableinthecell,maximumTransmissionPowermustbesetat,orbeyond,thedownlinkpowercapabilityreportedbytheRBS(
maxDlPowerCapability).NotethatifmaximumTransmissionPowerissettoavaluehigherthanmaxDlPowerCapability,theactualmaximumpowerisstillequalto
maxDlPowerCapability.

4.3.4DynamicCodeAllocationandNumberofHSPDSCHCodes
DynamicCodeAllocation(seealsoHSDPAUserPlane)isturnedonusingparameterdynamicHsPdschCodeAdditionOn.Livenetworkverificationsshowimprovedperformanceand
capacitywhenitisactivated.ThebenefitsarefurtherincreasedwhenDynamicCodeAllocationisusedincombinationwithCodeMultiplexing(seeSection4.3.5).WhenDynamic
CodeAllocationisactivateditisbeneficialtosetthenumberofallocatedHS_PDSCHcodes(numHsPdschCodes)toarequestedtradeofflevelbetweencapacityandperformance.A
toohighvaluecancauseanoverallocationofresourcesforHSDPA,meaningthatnonHSDPAtrafficmaysufferfromunnecessarycongestionofcodes.Ifatoolowvalueisused
HSDPAtrafficmaysufferfromreducedperformanceasthecodesareprioritizedfornonHSDPAtraffic.InnetworkswithhighnonHSDPAtrafficitisoftenbeneficialtoreducethe
settingcomparedtothedefaultsetting.ParametermaxNumHsPdschCodesisonlybesettomatchthehardwarelimitationinthecellasitotherwisemaylimitperformance.
WhenreducingthenumberofHSPDSCHcodes(numHsPdschCodes),thecodesthataretobereleasedaretransparentlydeallocated,withoutaffectingongoingtraffic.Conversely,
incaseofanincrease,thecellwilltemporarilybedisabledduetoitsimplicitlock/unlock,leadingtothereleaseofalltheongoingtrafficinthecell(seeHSDPAMigrationand
Activation).

4.3.5NumberofHSSCCHCodes
ParameternumHsScchCodescontrolsthenumberofHSSCCHcodesused,andtherebynumberofsimultaneousHSDPAusersforeachTTI.ItispossibletoachieveahigherHSDPA
performanceduetomoreefficientuseoftheTTIbysettingthisparametertoahighervalue(seeHSDPAUserPlane).Thegaindependamongothersontheapplicationbehavioras
userswithlowrateand/orburstyapplicationcanshareaTTI,whichthenimprovesperformance.

4.4Feature/CapacityKeyHandling
BecausetheRBScapacitykeysarenodespecific,itisimportanttocheckthePerformanceManagement(PM)statisticsforeachnodebeforeactivatinglicensecontrol.Largecare
mustbetakentogetthecorrectindividuallevelsforeachnode.
Oncetheusageisknown,thiscanbeconvertedintolicensecapacityneedsforeachnode.ThesekeysshouldthenbeorderedfromEricssonandinstalledinthecorrectnode(see
HandlingofLicenseControl,Reference[4]).ItisrecommendedtomeasuretheCEusageforoneweektoobtainacompleteCEusageprofile.
IftheplottingoftheChannelElementusageforacertainRBSisflatatthemaximumlevel,thelicensedcapacitymightbetoolow.ThebehaviorshowninFigure12,wherethereisa
changefromsomethingthatlookslikediagramAtosomethinglikediagramB,resemblesthatofhardwarelimitations.

Figure12ChannelElementUsageintheRBS(uplink ordownlink )
Whencapacitykeysareinstalled,regularmonitoringoftheRBSutilizationisrequiredinordertodecideonorderingnewcapacitykeysfortheRBS.Theneedfornewcapacitykeys
maybeidentifiedindifferentways.Oncetheoperatorhasexcludedthereasonthatthebehaviorisduetooverloadintheradioandtransportnetwork,anRBScapacityupgrade
shouldbeperformed.
However,iftheRBShardwareadmissionpolicyisactivated,somerequestsmightalreadybeblockedduetoRBShardwarelimits.Inthiscase,itisrecommendedtomonitorthe
increaseincallsetupblockingandcorrelatethatinformationwiththesettingoftheRBShardwareadmissionpolicy.Anincreasedamountofcallsetupblockingmayindicateaneed
toincreasetheRBShardwarecapacity.

5Parameters

ThissectiondescribesallparametersthattheoperatorcanconfiguretocontrolWCDMARANCapacityManagementfunctions.

5.1Descriptions
5.1.1SystemResourceHandlingandCapacityManagementRelatedConfigurations
maximumTransmissionPower Cellparameterthatcanbeusedtolimitthetotaldownlinktransmittedpowerinacelltoavaluelowerthanthedownlinkpowercapabilityofthe
RBS.
maxTxPowerUl

UsedinUEfunctionsforcellselection/reselectioninidlemodeandconnectedmodeandalsousedbyUTRANtocontrolthemaximum
transmittedpowerlevelaUEcanuse.IfthecurrentUEuplinktransmitpowerisabovetheindicatedpowervalue,theUEdecreasesthepowertoa
levelbelowthepowervalue(notethattherearemoreparameterswiththisnametheonedescribedhereisinobjectUtranCell).

interPwrMax

Cellparameterthatdefinestheintermediaterelativepowerformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

interRate

Cellparameterthatdefinestheintermediaterateformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

maxPwrMax

Cellparameterthatdefinesthemaximumrelativepowerformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

maxRate

Cellparameterthatdefinesthemaximumrateformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

minimumRate

Cellparameterthatdefinestheminimumrateformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

minPwrMax

Cellparameterthatdefinestheminimumrelativepowerformaximumdownlinkpowermappingforresourceestimation(seeFigure11).

minPwrRl

Cellparameterthatdefinestheminimumpowerperradiolinkforresourceestimationpurposes.

numHsPdschCodes

ParameterthatdefinesthenumberofHSPDSCHcodesallocatedinacell.

5.1.2RNAdmissionControl
aseDlAdm

CellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforASEsinthedownlink.

aseUlAdm

CellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforASEsintheuplink.

compModeAdm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinksincompressedmodeinacell.

dlCodeAdm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitfordownlinkcodeusage.

pwrAdm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitfordownlinkpowerutilization.Itisrelativetothemin(maximumTransmissionPower,
maxDlPowerCapability),itisexpressedasapercentageandthatisapercentageofmin.(maximumTransmissionPower,
maxDlPowerCapability).

hsdpaUsersAdm

CellparameterthatdefinestheadmissionlimitforthenumberofusersassignedtotheHSDSCH.Applicabletoadmissionrequestsrelatedto
RABsetupofanHSDPAservice.

eulServingCellUsersAdm

CellparameterthatdefinestheadmissionlimitforthenumberofEULusershavingthecellasservingcell.

eulNonServingCellUsersAdm CellparameterthatdefinestheadmissionlimitforthenumberofEULusershavingthecellasnonservingcell.
eulServingCellUsersAdmTti2 Cellparameterthatdefinestheadmissionthresholdforthenumberof2msTTIEDCHusershavingthiscellasservingcell.Applicableatserving
cellchange,atRABestablishmentandatreconfigurationtoEUL.
sf8Adm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=8indownlink.

sf16Adm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=16indownlinkforwhichnewnon
guaranteedadmissionrequestswillcontinuetobeallowed.

sf32Adm

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=32indownlink.

sf16gAdm

Cellparameterthatdefinesthemaximumnumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=16indownlinkforwhichnewguaranteedadmission
requestswillcontinuetobeallowed.Reachingorexceedingthisnumberofradiolinks(anyserviceclass)usingdownlinkspreadingfactor=16will
blocksetup/addinganymoreguaranteedserviceclassradiolinksrequiringadditionaldownlinkspreadingfactor=16inthiscell.

sf4AdmUl

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=4inuplink(radioconnectiontype

PS384/HS).
sf8AdmUl

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=8inuplink.

sf16AdmUl

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=16inuplink.

sf8gAdmUl

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteadmissionlimitforthenumberofradiolinkswithspreadingfactor=8inuplink.

dlHwAdm

Parameterthatdefinestheadmissionlimitforthedownlinkhardwareusageinthecellgroup.

ulHwAdm

Parameterthatdefinestheadmissionlimitfortheuplinkhardwareusageinthecellgroup.

maxNumHsdpaUsers

ParameterthatlimitsthemaximumallowednumberofsimultaneousHSDPAuserspercellthatcanbeserved.

maxNumADchReservation

ThemaximumnumberofADCHresourcesthatmaybeconfiguredinabasebandpool.

ulLicFractBbPool2

ParameterthatdefinestheULcapacityofthesecondBaseBandPoolinpercentageoflicensedULcapacity.

dlLicFractBbPool2

ParameterthatdefinestheDLcapacityofthesecondBaseBandPoolinpercentageoflicensedDLcapacity

5.1.3RNCongestionControl
5.1.3.1CongestionDetection
iFCong

Cellparameterthatdefinestheabsoluteuplinkcongestionresolvelevelforuplinkcellcongestion.

iFHyst

Cellparameterthatdefinesameasurementhysteresistimefordetectinguplinkcellcongestion.Congestionisdetectedwhentheuplink
interferenceremainsoverapredefinedthresholdiFCongforalongertimethaniFHyst.Congestionisconsideredtoberesolvedwhentheuplink
interferenceremainsbelowiFCongforalongertimethaniFHyst

pwrHyst

Cellparameterthatdefinesameasurementhysteresistimefordetectingdownlinkcellcongestion.Congestionisdetectedwhenthedownlink
powerloadremainsoverpwrAdm+pwrOffsetforalongertimethanpwrHyst.Congestionisconsideredtoberesolvedwhenthedownlinkpower
loadremainsbelowpwrAdm+pwrOffsetforalongertimethanpwrHyst

pwrOffset

CellparameterthatdefinesthemarginonpwrAdmtobeusedasdetectionlevelfordownlinkcellcongestion.Itisrelativetothemin.(
maximumTransmissionPower,maxDlPowerCapability),itisexpressedasapercentageandthatisapercentageofmin.(
maximumTransmissionPower,maxDlPowerCapability).

maxPowerOverloadHystTime CellparameterthatdefinesthehysteresistimeforHSoverloaddetection.
5.1.3.2CongestionResolveActions
releaseAseDl

CellparameterthatdefinestheamountofASEstobereleasedinthedownlinkincasecellcongestionresolveactionstargetguaranteedserviceclass
connections.Ifsetto0,nocongestionresolveactionsareinitiatedonguaranteedserviceclassconnections.

tmInitialG

Cellparameterthatdefinestheminimumtimebetweenstartofdownlinkcongestionandinitiationofcongestionresolveactionsonguaranteedserviceclass
connections.

tmCongAction

Cellparameterthatdefinesthetimeintervalbetweentwocellcongestionresolveactionsthattargetguaranteedserviceclassconnections.

releaseAseDlNg

CellparameterthatdefinestheamountofASEstobereleasedindownlinkduringeachcellcongestionresolveactiontargetingnonguaranteedserviceclass
connections.Ifsetto0,nocongestionresolveactionsareinitiatedonnonguaranteedserviceclassconnections.

tmCongActionNg

Cellparameterthatdefinesthetimeintervalbetweentwocellcongestionresolveactionstargetingnonguaranteedserviceclassconnections.

5.1.4InitialrateselectionforAMRNB
pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr12200 DLPowerthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR12.2speechcodecinsetupofAMRNB
multirate
pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr7950

DLPowerthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR7.95speechcodecinsetupofAMRNB
multirate

pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr5900

DLPowerthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR5.9speechcodecinsetupofAMRNBmulti
rate

aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr12200 ULASEthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR12.2speechcodecinsetupofAMRNB
multirate
aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr7950 ULASEthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR7.95speechcodecinsetupofAMRNBmulti
rate
aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr5900 ULASEthresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingAMR5.9speechcodecinsetupofAMRNBmulti
rate
codeLoadThresholdDlSf128

ThresholdtobeusedintheinitialAMRrateselectionalgorithmforselectingSF128orSF256basedAMRcodecmodesinsetupofAMR
NBmultirate.

5.1.5Codeallocation
maxNumHsPdschCodes ParameterthatdefinesthemaximumnumberofHSPDSCHcodesthatmaybeallocatedinacell.Observethatthecellhastobelocked/unlockedwhen
changingtheparametermaxNumHsPdschCodes.
numHsScchCodes

ParameterthatdetermineshowmanyHSSCCHsthatshallbeconfigured.

5.2ValuesandRanges
Table6showsparametersmentionedinthisdocument.Defaultvalue,valuerange,resolution,andunitareshownforeachparameter.Tofacilitatethereading,atranslationtoamore
convenientunitisincludedwherevernecessary.ThelistofrecommendedvaluescanbefoundinRadioNetworkParametersReference[12].
Table6WCDMARANCapacityManagementParameters
ParameterName

DefaultValue

ValueRange

Resolution

Unit

0.1dBm

SystemResourceHandlingandCapacityManagementRelatedConfigurations
maximumTransmissionPower

400

0..500

[40.0]

[0..50.0]

[0.1]

[dBm]

maxTxPowerUl(UtranCell)

100

50..33,100

1dBm
and100indicatesthat
themaximumUL
transmissionpowerhas
notbeenspecifiedby
theoperator.

interPwrMax

38

350..+150

[3.8]

[35.0..+15.0]

[0.1]

[dB]

7760

0..1600000

10bps

[77.60]

[0..16000.00]

[0.01]

[k bps]
0.1dB

interRate
maxPwrMax
maxRate
minimumRate
minPwrMax
minPwrRl
numHsPdschCodes

0.1dB

48

350..+150

[4.8]

[35.0..+15.0]

[0.1]

[dB]

40690

0..1600000

10bps

[406.90]

[0..16000.00]

[0.01]

[k bps]

1590

0..1600000

10bps

[15.90]

[0..16000.00]

[0.01]

[k bps]

350..+150

0.1dB

[0.0]

[35.0..+15.0]

[0.1]

[dB]
0.1dB

150

350..+150

[15.0]

[35.0..+15.0]

[0.1]

[dB]

1..15

#ofcodes

RNAdmissionControl
AdmissionPolicies
aseDlAdm

240

aseUlAdm
hsdpaUsersAdm
eulServingCellUsersAdm

0..500

ASE

160

0..500

ASE

10

0..1000

#ofradiolinks
1EULuser

0..100

eulNonServingCellUsersAdm

100

0..100

1EULuser

eulServingCellUsersAdmTti2

0..100

1EUL2msuser

compModeAdm

15

0..128

#ofradiolinks

dlCodeAdm

80

0..100

pwrAdm

75

0..100

sf8Adm

0..8

#ofradiolinks

sf16Adm

16

0..16

#ofradiolinks

sf32Adm

32

0..32

#ofradiolinks

sf16gAdm

16

0..16

#ofradiolinks

sf4AdmUl

0..1000

#ofradiolinks

sf8AdmUl

0..50

#ofradiolinks

sf16AdmUl

16

0..50

#ofradiolinks

sf8gAdmUl

0..8

#ofradiolinks

dlHwAdm

100

0..100

ulHwAdm

100

0..100

maxNumHsdpaUsers

16

1..64

#ofusers

maxNumADchReservation

128

0..384

#ADCHresources

ulLicFractbbPool2

0..100

dlLicFractbbPool2

0..100

RNCongestionControl
CongestionDetection
iFCong
iFHyst

621

0..621

[49.9]

[112.0..49.9]

[0.1]

[dBm]

6000

0..6000

10ms

[60000]

[0..60000]

[10]

[ms]

300

0..60000

10

ms

pwrOffset

0..100

maxPowerOverloadHystTime

10

0..50

sec

releaseAseDl

0..500

ASE

releaseAseDlNg

0..500

ASE

tmCongAction

2000

300..100000

ms

tmCongActionNg

800

500..100000

ms

tmInitialG

3000

10..100000

ms

pwrHyst

RNCongestionControl
CongestionResolveActions

InitialrateselectionforAMRNB
pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr12200

100

0..100

pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr7950

0..100

pwrLoadThresholdDlSpeech.amr5900

0..100

aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr12200

100

0..100

aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr7950

0..100

aseLoadThresholdUlSpeech.amr5900

0..100

codeLoadThresholdDlSf128

100

0..100

maxNumHsPdschCodes

5..15

#ofcodes

numHsScchCodes

1..4

#ofcodes

CodeAllocation

TOHELPALLOFENGINEERSDevelopedforITandTelecomEngineersat6:44AM

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