Wind Energy

The prices of the fossil fuels steeply increasing.

So renewable are expected to play a key role.

Wind energy is the fastest growing renewable.

All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal

power), ultimately comes from the sun.

The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per

hour) from the sun.

About 1 or 2 percent of this energy is converted

to wind energy (which is about 50-100 times more
than the energy converted to biomass by all plants
on earth).

WINDMILL DESIGN
A Windmill captures
wind energy and then
uses a generator to
convert
it
to
electrical energy.
When designing a
windmill, one must
decide on the size of
the turbine, and the
size of the generator.

Large Turbine
Small Turbine

LARGE TURBINES:
Able to deliver electricity
at lower cost than smaller
turbines,
because
foundation costs, planning
costs, etc. are independent
of size.
Well-suited for offshore
wind plants.

SMALL TURBINES:
Local electrical grids may not be able to handle the large
electrical output from a large turbine, so smaller turbines
may be more suitable.
High costs for foundations for small turbines may not be
economical in some areas.
Landscape considerations

Wind Turbines: Number of Blades

Most common design is the three-bladed turbine. The most important reason
is the stability of the turbine.

A rotor with an even number of blades will give stability problems for a
machine with a stiff structure.

 Wind power generators

convert wind energy
(mechanical energy) to
electrical energy.
The
generator
is
attached at one end to the
wind turbine, which
provides the mechanical
energy.
At the other end, the
generator is connected to
the electrical grid.
The generator needs to
have a cooling system to
make sure there is no
overheating.

Wind is currently the worlds fastest growing energy source

Turbine Evolution
Used for
Pumping water
Grinding grain

Mainly used for

Generating Electricity

Offshore turbines
More wind speeds
Less noise pollution
Less visual impact
Difficult to install and maintain
Energy losses due long distance
transport

Wind power in INDIA

1. The development of wind power in India
began in the year 1990s.
2. It is significantly increased in the last few
years.
3. The installed capacity of wind power in India
at November 2008 was 9587.14 MW =
10242.3 MW at march 2009.
4. Mainly from TN = 4132.72
Maharashtra

= 1837.85

Karnataka

= 1184.45

Gujarat
= 1432.71
AP
= 122.45
MP
= 187.69
Kerala
= 23
West bengal = 1.10
other states = 3.20
5. By 2012, India will install further 6,000 MW wind power
capacity
6. It generates 1.6% of the countrys power but actual
installation capacity is 6%.
7. The world wide installed capacity of wind power
reached 120,798 MW by the end of 2008.
USA
= 25,170
Germany = 23,930
Spain
= 16,754
China
= 13,210
INDIA
= Fifth position

The wind farm located at Muppandal

in TN is the largest in Asia.
Conclusion
Wind energy is pollution free and nature friendly
Wind energy has very good potential and it is the
fastest growing energy source
The future looks bright for wind energy, because
technology is becoming more advanced and windmills
are becoming more efficient

Hydro Power
a
Renewable Source
Of
Energy

14

What is Hydro Power?

Using moving water to

produce electricity.

15

What are some examples of

moving water that is used
to generate electricity?
Flowing water in streams and rivers
Water falling over waterfall or dams
(hydroelectric power)
The oceans tides (tidal power)

16

What causes tides?

Tides and tidal currents are generated by
gravitational forces of the sun and moon on
the earth's waters. Due to its proximity to
the earth, the moon exerts roughly twice
the tide raising force of the sun.

17

 Illustration of how
tidal power works.
The blades turn as
the tide goes in and
out.
The blades turn
turbines that turn
generators
that
generate electricity.
18

How does a hydroelectric plant work?

The moving water turns wheels that run

turbines that, in turn, run generators that make
electricity.
19

What are some ADVANTAGES

(good things) of hydroelectric
power?
+ Once a dam & power plant is
built the electricity is inexpensive
+ Does not cause pollution

20

What are some

DISADVANTAGES of
hydroelectric power?
1. Dams may have negative effects
on the environment
2. Interrupt the migration of fish.
21

Advantages of Tidal Power

+ large source of potential energy
+ Does not generate waste or pollution
+ Water is abundant (there is lots of it)
+ There will always be tides so we will
always have this type of power.
+ May protect coastline against damage
from high storm tides and provide a
ready-made road bridge.
22

Disadvantages of Tidal Power.

- Only a few coastal areas are suitable.
- A dam across a bay blocks boats &
fish from traveling up river.
- Expensive to build.

23

Geothermal Energy
WHAT DOES THE WORD "GEOTHERMAL" MEAN?
Geo = Earth Thermal = Heat
WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
Energy that can be extracted from the hot rocks present inside the earth is
called geothermal energy.
How it will happen?
Where the earth's tectonic plates collide and one slides beneath another. The
best example of these hot regions is the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Arizona

Pacific ring of
fire

This heat comes from the fission of radioactive materially naturally

present in the rocks.

In some places, the steam or hot water comes out of the ground naturally
through cracks in the form of natural geysers. Example: Manikaran, Kullu,
Sohana, Haryana.

Sometime it will not find place to come out. There we have to make hole
by artificial drilling in the hot rocks and gush out the water through pipe at
high pressure which turn the turbine of a generator to produce electricity.

In USA and New Zealand several geothermal plants are working

successfully.

HOW DID PEOPLE USED GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PAST?

Bathing
Medical therapy eye and skin disease

Heating and cooking

USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

(TODAY)

Space Heating/Cooling
Water Heating
Aquaculture : Fish, Shrimp,
Abalone, Alligators
Drying
of
fruits
/
vegetables / lumber
Industrial Uses: Dying of
cloth, washing wool, piping
under sidewalks to keep
from
freezing,
manufacturing paper
Electricity Generation

HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?

Flash steam power plant

Dry steam power plant