Mobile Cloud Computing

First Author1, Second Author2, Third Author3

1

First Author Affiliation & Address

Second Author Affiliation & Address
3
Third Author Affiliation & Address
2

Abstract: Searching through the keywords in an image database require a lot of Meta data (information about the
image) to be stored for each image in a separate database. This does not lead to an effective search mechanism. Also
the currently available search query results do not involve the resultant images that are content related i.e. images
whose contents are similar. The similarity in the context of the content is measured by as many features like Color,
Texture, Shape, Dominant Color, Correlation Matching heuristic, Many new features are being proposed day by day,
many of which like entropy, smoothness, skewness, etc.
In this research I am proposing an approach to model content based meta-search engine which search all the content
related images present in the dataset. The result based on the above features from the images is filtered using the
correlation matching heuristic. The overall matching scores will decide on the basis of the sum of all of these
individual feature scores. The proposed scheme will be used to retrieve all the images having related contents to the
query image. On the basis of the scores ranking of the match will be provided. The simulation results of combined
approach suggest the effectiveness of the approach. This proposed model will increase the accuracy of search
results.
This research model is quite interactive and familiar like the other meta-data models present on web for
searching the images from huge database and data sources. In advance this model also contains many good
features to improve the accuracy and efficiency. Although this model has some small riddles those have to
solve afterwards.
Keywords: cloud computing, mobile, cellular services.

I. INTRODUCTION
There are two Web Services protocols standards, SOAP
WS and Restful WS.
SOAP Web Services is having well-adopted
standards. Following is a typical scenario of
consuming SOAP Web Services.
a. The provider of
service

who

publishes services
to

the

service

registry

follows

the
standard.

UDDI

b. Customers too follow UDDI standard to innovate

the service they want.
c. Customers make
out the code for a
particular

SOAP

Web Services from

the WSDL.
d. Customers interchange SOAP messages with
services which uses the Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol.
Another solution to SOAP Web Services is Restful
Web Services. Restful Web Services were first

time introduced by Fielding in his doctoral

dissertation in the year 2002. They followed a
resource-orientation computing procedure. Restful
Web Ser ices were presented as resources which
were identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier
(URI). Customers interact with the Restful WebServices

through

Protocol,

but

the Hyper
not

message/information

body

formats/path,

as

such

Text Transfer

only
can

this,

the

follow

any

Extensible

Markup

Language and JSON structure, as long as the

customers and the

providers who provides

services mutually agree upon it. Restful Web

Services also take profit of the meaning of the
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Such as for
example, HTTP GET request is for taking a
resource and HTTP POST.
and the quality of services. To ensure and to make
it confirm about the correctness of user data in the
cloud. We propose and we make a suitable and
flexible and easy distribution scheme for the two
way handshake based on token management. By
using and enhancing the homomorphic token with
distributed verification/ authorization of erasurecoded data, our scheme achieves and touches the
integration of the storage and its correct insurance
and data error localization i.e., the finding of
misbehaving server(s).

II.

DATA STORAGE

Cloud Computerization has been developed as the

next generation architecture of Information
Technology Enterprise Edition. Various trends and
techniques are opening up the world of Cloud
Computing, and one of the questions which are
arising in the mind of experts is that which is an
Internet-based development and use of computer
technology?

If we Consider and accept various/ different kinds

and types of data for each of our user stored in
the cloud and the need of everlasting term
continuous assurance of their data safety and
security, the problem of verifying and authorizing
correctness and error free of data storage in the
cloud comes out to be even more challenging and
difficult. Despite this, the Cloud Computerization
is not only another party data warehouse. The
storage of the data in the cloud may be frequently
updated by the users or the clients or the
customers, including various methods like
inserting, deleting, modification, appending,
reordering, etc. To ensure and to make it clear
about the storage correctness and ensures its
safety under the dynamic and modified data to
update is hence of great and necessary
importance.
These techniques, however can be useful for both
clients and service providers to ensure the storage
correctness without having clients possessing
data, but in another case it cannot address all the
security threats and thefts in cloud data storage,
since they are all determining on single and alone
server scenario and most of them do not consider
dynamic data operations.
Our work and effort is among the first few ones in
this field and scenarios to consider the distributed
data storage in the Cloud Computing environment.
Our contribution can be summarized and followed
as the following three aspects:
a) Equalizing or just comparing to many of its
predecessors, which only provide the binary (two
way) results or binary outcome about the storage
state across the distributed servers, the challengeresponse protocol or the rules in our work in
future provides the localization of data error.
b) Unlike most prior works or the previous work
for ensuring and to make it confirm about the
remote data integrity, the new scheme, new study

and new work supports secure, clear and efficient

dynamic operations on data blocks, including:
update, delete and append.
c) Extensive security, enlarged performance and
performance analysis shows that the proposed
scheme is highly efficient and resilient against
Byzantine failure, malicious data modification
attack, and even server colluding attacks.

Cloud Computing has been envisioned as the next

generation architecture of IT Enterprise. In contrast to
traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper
physical, logical and personnel controls, Cloud Computing
moves the application software and databases to the large
data centers, where the management of the data and
services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique attribute,
however, poses many new security challenges which have
not been well understood. In this article, we focus on cloud
data storage security, which has always been an important
aspect of quality of service. To ensure the correctness of
users data in the cloud, we propose an effective and
flexible distributed scheme with two salient features,
opposing to its predecessors. By utilizing the homomorphic
token with distributed verification of erasure-coded data,
our scheme achieves the integration of storage correctness
insurance and data error localization, i.e., the identification
of misbehaving server(s). Unlike most prior works, the new
scheme further supports secure and efficient dynamic
operations on data blocks, including: data update, delete
and append. Extensive security and performance analysis
shows that the proposed scheme is highly efficient and
resilient against Byzantine failure, malicious data
modification attack, and even server colluding attacks.

SECURITY:
Ensuring Cloud Data Storage:
In cloud data storage system, users store their data
in the cloud and no longer possess the data locally.
Thus, the correctness and availability of the data
files being stored on the distributed cloud servers
must be guaranteed. Our main scheme for
ensuring cloud data storage is presented in this
section. The first part of the section is devoted to a
review of basic tools from coding theory that is
needed in our scheme for file distribution across
cloud servers.
III Correctness:
Our scheme outperforms those by integrating the
correctness verification and error localization in
our challenge-response protocol: the response
values from servers for each challenge not only
determine the correctness of the distributed
storage, but also contain information to locate
potential data error.

Data confidentiality is a desired property when users

outsource their data storage to public cloud service
providers. To protect users data, encryption is used to
secure the data in the cloud. Recently, Cipher text Policy
Attribute- Based Encryption (CP-ABE) schemes were
proposed to facilitate key management and
cryptographic access control in an expressive and
efficient way. Under the construction of CP-ABE, an
attribute is a descriptive string assigned to (or associated
with) a user and each user may be tagged with multiple
attributes. Multiple users may share common attributes,
which allow message encryptors to specify a data access
policy by composing multiple attributes through logical
operators such as AND, OR, etc. To decrypt the
message, the decryptors attributes need to satisfy the
access policy. These unique features of CP-ABE
solutions make them appealing in the cloud data storage
system that requires an efficient data access control for a
large number of users belonging to different
organizations.
With the fast development of wireless technology,
mobile cloud has become an emerging cloud service

model, in which mobile devices and sensors are used as

the information collecting and processing nodes for the
cloud infrastructure. This new trend demands
researchers and practitioners to construct a trustworthy
architecture for mobile cloud computing, which
includes a large numbers.
With the CP-ABE enabled cloud storage service, a
new challenge is how to incorporate wireless
mobile devices, especially lightweight devices
such as cell phones and sensors into the cloud
system. This new challenge is originated from the
fact that CP-ABE schemes always require
intensive computing resources to run the
encryption and decryption algorithms. To address
this issue, an effective solution is to outsource the
heavy encryption and decryption computation
without exposing the sensitive data contents or
keys to the cloud service providers. Our research
described in this paper proposes such a solution
for CP-ABE. Another research challenge is how
to share encrypted data with a large number of
users, in which the data sharing group can be
changed frequently. For example, when a user is
revoked from accessing a file, he/she is not
authorized to access any future updates of the file,
i.e., the local copy (if exists) will get outdated. To
this end, the updated data need to be encrypted by
a new encryption key. Furthermore, the third
research challenge is how to upload/ download
and update encrypted data stored in the cloud
system. For example, when changing certain data
fields of an encrypted database, the encrypted data
needs to be downloaded from cloud and then be
decrypted. Upon finishing the updates, the files
need to be re-encrypted and uploaded to the cloud
system. Frequent upload/download operations will
cause tremendous overhead for resource
constrained wireless devices. Thus, it is desirable
to design a secure and efficient cloud data
management
scheme
to
balance
the
communication and storage operational overhead
incurred by managing the encrypted data.

To address the above described research

challenges, in this paper, we present a holistic
secure mobile cloud data management framework
that includes two major components:
1) A Privacy Preserving CP-ABE (PP-CP-ABE)
scheme;
2) An Attribute-Based Data Storage (ABDS)
scheme that achieves information theoretical
optimality.
Using PP-CP-ABE, users can securely outsource
computation
Intensive CP-ABE encryption and decryption
operations to the cloud without revealing data
content and secret keys. In this way, lightweight
and resource constrained devices can access and
manage data stored in the cloud data store. The
ABDS system achieves scalable and fine-grained
data access control, using public cloud services.
Based on ABDS, users attributes are organized in
a carefully constructed hierarchy so that the cost
of membership revocation can be minimized.
Moreover, ABDS is suitable for mobile computing
to balance communication and storage overhead,
and thus reduces the cost of data management
operations (such as upload, updates, etc.) for both
the mobile cloud nodes and storage service
providers.

IV SUMMARY AND CONTRIBUTION:

As service consumers, mobile devices have
unique properties. They are small and portable.
They are personal devices with various sensors.
However, mobile devices have limitations, for
example, small bandwidth, loss connectivity and
less process power. On the another hand, the
existing services are normally designed for
stationary clients. For example, SOAP is a
verbose protocol which involves a lot of XML
parsing. To overcome the limitations, this research
presents the Mobile Cloud Computing architecture
for connecting mobile device to
the existing Cloud Services.

The proposed mobile client design is mobile

platform independent. The mobile client
provides an interface for users to define mashup
services and consume them through the
middleware. It interacts with the middleware
through RESTful WS interface. The mobile client
has been implemented on two major mobile
platforms, Android and Blackberry. The mobile
client design involves both native application and
embedded browser.
GAE is highly scalable, because the applications
share Google's infrastructure. However, because
resources are shared, the Quality of Service (QoS)
is hard to control. EC2 is very stable but hard to
scale, since users have the complete control of the
Virtual Machines.
The experiments proved the following design of the
mobile client and middleware. The mobile client is
able to consume both SOAP and RESTful WS
through the middleware. The mobile client can be
implemented on different mobile platforms. The
mobile client can be implemented as a native
as well as embedded browser Application.

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Growth, Forester,

[2] S. Weerawarana, F. Curbera, F. Leymann, T. Storey, and D.F.

Ferguson, Web

[3] Platform Architecture: SOAP, WSDL, WS-Policy, WS-Addressing,

WS-BPEL, WS-Reliable

[4] Messaging and More, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall
PTR, 2005.

AUTHORS INFORMATION
Have completed Masters Degree in computer science with first grade, and
has completed bachelors in honors degree. Currently working on research
project on mobile cloud computing, which is beyond cloud computing
which was earlier used only on laptop, PCs and notebook.