Lecture 6 - Dial Plans Part 1

Introducing and
Implementing Dial
Plans
Chapters 4 and 5
Voice Over IP: Chapters 4 and 5 Introducing and Implementing Dial Plans
Josh Lowe Winter 2012
NUMBERING PLAN
FUNDAMENTALS
Introducing Numbering Plans

A numbering plan defines rules for assigning numbers
to a device
There are private numbering plans and public (or

PSTN) numbering plans
Private numbering plans are used to address endpoints
and applications within private networks
Private numbering plans are not required to adhere to
any specific format
PSTN or public numbering plans are unique to the

country in which they are implemented
North American Numbering Plan

The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a
telephone numbering plan that serves 20 North
American countries
NANP numbers are ten-digit numbers, usually
formatted as NXX-NXX-XXXX, in which N is any digit
from 2 through 9 and X is any digit from 0 through 9
North American Numbering Plan

The first three digits of an NANP number (NXX) are
called the Numbering Plan Area (NPA) code, often
called the area code
The second three digits (NXX) are called the central
office (CO) code, switch code, prefix, or exchange code
The final four digits (XXXX) are called the line number
or station number
NANP Numbering Assignments

There are 800 possible combinations of area codes
with the NXX format
There are some numbers reserved for special purposes

For example, Easily Recognizable Codes (ERC) are
any area code where the second and third digits are the
same (e.g. 800, 866, 877, 888, etc.)
They are used for special features like toll-free dialing
Another example, 011 is the international exit code
used before dialing an international number
NANP Numbering Assignments

Long distance calls (within the NANP) start with the
number 1, called the country code
A seven-digit number usually defines a local call in the

format <29>XX-XXXX, although many larger areas
use ten-digit local numbers instead of seven
There are also eight N11 codes, called service codes,
that are not used as area codes
For example, 911 is used for emergency services, 411
is used for directory services, and 611 is used for repair
services
There are additional reserved numbers for things like
Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS) and 1-900
premium services
Fixed and Variable-Length Numbering Plan

Comparison
E.164 Addressing
E.164 is an international numbering plan for public
telephone systems
Each assigned number contains a one-, two-, or threedigit country code (CC), followed by a national
destination code (NDC), and then by a subscriber
number (SN)
An E.164 number can have as many as 15 digits
E.164 Addressing
In the E.164 plan each address is unique worldwide
With as many as 15 digits possible in a number, there
are 100 trillion possible E.164 phone numbers
10
Hierarchical Numbering Plans

Provides scalability to endpoint addressing
11
Basic Call Types

Local calls occur between two telephones connected
to one Cisco voice-enabled router
This type of call is handled entirely by the router and

does not travel over an external network
12
Basic Call Types

On-net calls occur between two telephones on the
same data network (over the WAN)
The calls can be routed through one or more Cisco

voice-enabled routers, but the calls remain on the same
data network
13
Basic Call Types

Off-Net Calls are calls that travel through other
networks, such as the PSTN
To gain access to the PSTN, the user dials an access

code, such as 9, from a telephone directly connected to
a Cisco voice-enabled router or PBX
14
Basic Call Types

PLAR calls automatically connect a telephone to a
second telephone when the first telephone goes off
hook
The user does not get a dial tone, because the voiceenabled port that the telephone is connected to is
preconfigured with a specific number to dial
15
Basic Call Types

PBX-to-PBX calls originate at a PBX at one site and
terminate at a PBX at another site while using the
network as the transport between the two locations
Many business environments connect sites with private
tie trunks
16
Basic Call Types

An On-Net to Off-Net Call originates on an internal
network and is routed to an external network, usually to
the PSTN
On-net to off-net call-switching functionality might be
necessary when a network link is down
17
Non-Overlapping Numbering Plan

A dial plan can be designed so that all extensions
within the system are reached in a uniform way
Uniform dialing is desirable because of its simplicity
18
Overlapping Numbering Plans
19
Overlapping Numbering Plans

The most common solution to the overlap problem in
numbering plans is to use site codes
An intersite prefix (8, in this example) indicates that a

call is being sent to a different site, and the site code
determines which site
20
Overlapping Numbers
21
Private Number Plan Implementation

Example
22
DIAL PLAN COMPONENTS
23
Endpoint Addressing Considerations

Reachability of internal destinations is provided by
assigning directory numbers to all endpoints and
applications
The most common issue with endpoint addressing is
related to the mapping of internal extensions to
available DID ranges assigned by the PSTN
An auto-attendant can be used to route calls between
the PSTN and the internal network when there are not
enough DID numbers to cover the internal address
scope
24
PSTN Dial Plan Requirements

Inbound PSTN Calls:
Inbound call routing includes digit manipulation to ensure that
an incoming called number matches the pattern expected by
the final destination
25

Both the called and calling numbers must be
transformed inbound:
The called number can be converted from the public E.164
format to the internal number used for internal dialing
The calling number must be presented to the callee in a way
that allows callback
26

Outbound PSTN Calls:
Outbound calls might require digit manipulation to modify a
called number according to PSTN requirements. This outbound
call routing usually includes stripping of any PSTN access code
that might be included in the original called number
27

Both the called and calling numbers must be
transformed outbound:
The called number processing involves the stripping of the
access code
The calling number must be converted from the internal
extension to the public E.164 format
28
Secondary Paths
29
Call Coverage
Call coverage features are used to ensure that all
incoming calls to CUCME are answered by someone,
regardless of whether the called number is busy or
does not answer
Cisco voice gateways offer a variety of call coverage

features
30
Call Coverage
Call forwarding: Calls are automatically diverted to a
designated number on busy, no answer (noan), all
calls, or only during night-service hours
Hunt group: The system automatically searches for an
available directory number from a matching group of
directory numbers until the call is answered or the hunt
is stopped
Call pickup: Calls to unstaffed phones can be

answered by other phone users using a softkey or by
dialing a short code
31
Call Coverage
Call waiting: Calls to busy numbers are presented to
phone users, giving them the option to answer or let
them be forwarded
Basic automatic call distribution (B-ACD): Calls to a
pilot number are automatically answered by an
interactive application that presents callers with a menu
of choices before sending them to a queue for a hunt
group
Night service: Calls to phones not staffed during a
particular time of the day can be answered by other
phones
Overlaid ephone-dn: Calls to several numbers can be

answered by a single agent or multiple agents
32
CLASS OF RESTRICTION
(COR)
33
Class of Restriction
Class of Restriction (COR) is a feature that allows
calling privileges to be assigned
The COR feature provides the capability to deny certain

call attempts based on the incoming and outgoing
CORs provisioned on the dial peers and ephones
COR is used to specify which incoming dial peer (or
ephone) can use which outgoing dial peer to make a
call
34
Class of Restriction
Incoming COR
Outgoing COR
or
or
The incoming COR (applied to ephone-DNs or inbound

dial-peers) is like having one or more keys
The lack of an incoming COR is like having a master
key that can unlock all locks
The outgoing COR (applied to dial-peers) is like a lock
or locks
The lack of an outgoing COR is like having no lock

35
Class of Restriction Case Study

911
dial-peer cor custom

name 911
local
name local
name long_distance
long_distance
name international
name 900
international
900
Step 1 - Define the classes of restriction

36

dial-peer cor list call911
member 911
dial-peer cor list callLocal
member local
dial-peer cor list callLD
member long_distance
dial-peer cor list callInt
member international
dial-peer cor list call900
member 900
dial-peer cor list Lobby

member 911
dial-peer cor list Employee
member 911
member local
dial-peer cor list Sales

member 911
member local
dial-peer cor list Executive
member 911
member local
Step 2 Define the COR lists and members

37

Step 3 Assign the outgoing
COR to the PSTN dial-peers
Dial-peer 1 COR out call911
dial-peer voice 1 pots

destination-pattern 911
port 1/0/0
corlist outgoing call911

destination-pattern 1[2-9]..[2-9]......
port 1/0/0
Dial-peer 2 COR out callLD
corlist outgoing callLD

destination-pattern [2-9]......
port 1/0/0
Dial-peer 3 COR out callLocal
corlist outgoing callLocal

destination-pattern 011T
port 1/0/0
Dial-peer 4 COR out callInt
corlist outgoing callInt

destination-pattern 1900.......
Dial-peer 5 COR out call900

port 1/0/0
corlist outgoing call900

38

Step 4 Assign the incoming COR to the ephone-dns
ephone-dn 1
number 1001
Ephone-dn 1
COR in Lobby
Ext 1001
cor incoming Lobby

ephone-dn 2
number 1002
Ephone-dn 2
COR in Employee
Ext 1002
cor incoming Employee

ephone-dn 3
number 1003
Ephone-dn 3
COR in Sales
Ext 1003
cor incoming Sales

ephone-dn 4
number 1004
Ephone-dn 4
COR in Executive
Ext 1004
cor incoming Executive
39

Results:
The Lobby ephone-dn can only call
911 on the PSTN
Dial-peer 1 COR out: call911
member 911
Dial-peer 2 COR out: callLD
Ephone-dn 1
COR in: Lobby
dial-peer cor list Lobby
Dial-peer 3 COR out: callLocal
member local
member 911
Dial-peer 4 COR out: callInt
member 900
40

Results:
The Employee ephone-dn can call
911 and local calls on the PSTN
member 911
Ephone-dn 2
COR in: Employee
dial-peer cor list Employee
member local
member 911
member local
member 900
41

Results:
The Sales ephone-dn can call 911,
local calls, and long distance on the
PSTN
member 911
Ephone-dn 3
COR in: Sales
dial-peer cor list Sales
member local
member 911
member local
member 900
42

Results:
The Executive ephone-dn can call
911, local calls, long distance, and
international on the PSTN
member 911
Ephone-dn 4
COR in: Executive
dial-peer cor list Executive
member local
member 911
member local
member 900
43
Nobody can call 1-900 numbers
Remember: no incoming COR on an ephone is the same as having a master key!
44
45

Lecture 6 - Dial Plans Part 1

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Lecture 6 - Dial Plans Part 1

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Introducing and

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Introducing Numbering Plans

There are private numbering plans and public (or

PSTN or public numbering plans are unique to the

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

North American Numbering Plan

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

North American Numbering Plan

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

NANP Numbering Assignments

There are some numbers reserved for special purposes

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

NANP Numbering Assignments

A seven-digit number usually defines a local call in the

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Fixed and Variable-Length Numbering Plan

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Hierarchical Numbering Plans

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

This type of call is handled entirely by the router and

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

The calls can be routed through one or more Cisco

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

To gain access to the PSTN, the user dials an access

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Basic Call Types

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Non-Overlapping Numbering Plan

Uniform dialing is desirable because of its simplicity

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Overlapping Numbering Plans

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Overlapping Numbering Plans

An intersite prefix (8, in this example) indicates that a

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Private Number Plan Implementation

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

DIAL PLAN COMPONENTS

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Endpoint Addressing Considerations

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

PSTN Dial Plan Requirements

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

PSTN Dial Plan Requirements

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

PSTN Dial Plan Requirements

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

PSTN Dial Plan Requirements

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Josh Lowe Winter 2012

Cisco voice gateways offer a variety of call coverage

Josh Lowe Winter 2012