2/16/2016

DimensionHierarchiesinOBIEE:LevelBasedHierarchyandParentChildHierarchy
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Thursday,2August2012

DimensionHierarchiesinOBIEE:Level
BasedHierarchyandParentChild
Hierarchy
Ahierarchyisacascadedseriesofmanytoonerelationshipsand
consistsofdifferentlevels.

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Example,aregionhierarchyisdefinedwiththelevelsRegion,State,and
City.
IntheBusinessModelandMappinglayer,adimensionobjectrepresents
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ahierarchicalorganizationoflogicalcolumns(attributes).Oneormore
logical dimension tables can be associated with at most one dimension
object. Common dimensions might be time periods, products, markets,

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customers,

suppliers,

promotion

conditions,

raw

materials,

manufacturingplants,transportationmethods,mediatypes,andtimeof
day. Note that dimensions exist in the Business Model and Mapping
(logical)layerandinthePresentationlayer.
Therearetwotypesoflogicaldimensions:
1.Dimensionswithlevelbasedhierarchies(structurehierarchies).
2.Dimensionswithparentchildhierarchies(valuehierarchies).

Levelbased hierarchies are those in which members are of several

types,andmembersofthesametypeoccuronlyatasinglelevel.

In parentchildhierarchies,membersallhavethesametype.Oracle
Business Intelligence also supports a special type of levelbased
dimension, called a time dimension, that provides special
functionalityformodelingtimeseriesdata.

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LevelBasedHierarchies

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A dimension contains two or more logical levels. For example, a Time

hierarchy might have three levels for Year, Quarter, and Month. Level
based hierarchies can also contain parentchild relationships. The
recommended sequence for creating logical levels is to create a Grand
Total level and then create child levels, working down to the lowest
level.

October(67)

LevelbasedDimensionhierarchylevelsallow:
toperformaggregatenavigation,
toconfigurelevelbasedmeasurecalculations,

http://dwhlaureate.blogspot.in/2012/08/dimensionhierarchiesinobiee_2.html

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DimensionHierarchiesinOBIEE:LevelBasedHierarchyandParentChildHierarchy

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oneparenttoachildlevel.
Thefollowingarethepartsofadimension:
GrandTotallevel:Aspeciallevelrepresentingthegrand
total for a dimension. Each dimension can have just one
Grand Total level. A Grand Total level does not contain
dimensional attributes and does not have a level key.
However,youcanassociatemeasureswithaGrand Total
level. The aggregation level for those measures will
alwaysbethegrandtotalforthedimension.
Level : All levels, except the Grand Total level, need to
have at least one column. However, it is not necessary to
explicitly associate all of the columns from a table with
logicallevels.Anycolumnthatyoudonotassociatewitha
logical level is automatically associated with the lowest
levelinthedimensionthatcorrespondstothatdimension
table. All logical columns in the same dimension table
havetobeassociatedwiththesamedimension.
Hierarchy : Each dimension contains one or more
hierarchies.Allhierarchiesmusthaveacommonleaflevel
andacommonroot(all)level.
Level keys : Each logical level (except the topmost level
defined as a Grand Total level) must have one or more
attributesthatcomposealevelkey.Thelevelkeydefines
the unique elements in each logical level. The dimension
tablelogicalkeyhastobeassociatedwiththelowestlevel
ofadimensionandhastobethelevelkeyforthatlevel.
Time dimensions and chronological keys : You can
identify a dimension as a time dimension. At least one
levelofatimedimensionmusthaveachronologicalkey.
Thefollowingisalistofsomeguidelinesyoushouldusewhensettingup
andusingtimedimensions:

Unbalanced (or ragged) hierarchy : A hierarchy in which

allthelowestlevelmembersdonothavethesamedepth
Forexample,asitecanchoosetohavedataforthecurrent
monthatthedaylevel,previousmonthsdataatthemonth
level,andtheprevious5yearsdataatthequarterlevel.
For example, a Time hierarchy might have data for the
currentmonthatthedaylevel,thepreviousmonth'sdata
at the month level, and the previous 5 years' data at the
quarter level. This type of hierarchy is also known as an
unbalancedhierarchy.
Note that unbalanced hierarchies are not necessarily the same as

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parentchild hierarchies. Parentchild hierarchies are unbalanced by

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nature,butlevelbasedhierarchiescanbeunbalancedalso.

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Skiplevelhierarchy:Askiplevelhierarchyisahierarchy
where there are members that do not have a value for
certain higher levels. . For example, in the United States,
thecityofWashingtonintheDistrictofColumbiadoesnot
belong to a state. The expectation is that users can still
navigate from the country level (United States) to
Washingtonandbelowwithouttheneedforastate.

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