Graphene Electrolyte Gated Field Effect

Transistors for Biosensing

Harjot Singh
12EC32004

Supervisors
Prof. PK Guha

Prof. Mrigank Sharad

Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering

Graphene as a sensing material

Zero band gap
High surface to weight ratio
Electrical properties
influenced by surroundings

Introduction to graphene EGFETs

Graphene can exploit the electrical double layer phenomenon and
resulting ultrahigh interface capacitance.
large capacitance + graphene's high mobility = high-transconductance
FET sensors

Measurement setup
One of Ag/AgCl, Ag, Pt used as a
gate electrode due to inertness.
Tungsten electrodes for source &
drain
I-V characteristics measurement
using semiconductor parameter
analyzer.

Sensing Principle Dirac point shift

Dirac point :
Minimum of
Ids Vgs
characteristic.

Dirac point shift (CONT)

Change of electrolytic
environment at graphenes
surface shifts the Dirac
point.
Example DNA detection
by PNA-DNA hybridization.

Dirac point shift (Example)

Graphene - zero band gap
Different electrochemical potential in DNA and
graphene
Easy charge transfer
Effective n doping of graphene
Dirac point shift to left

Device Fabrication
Oxide growth (300nm).
Fabrication of gold electrodes
for source and drain.
rGO (reduced graphene oxide)
deposition on substrate
(performed this semester.)

rGO deposition on substrate

GO solution preparation by modified Hummers method (details in
report)
Substrate cleaning using isopropyl alcohol
Drop casting GO solution on substrate
Thermal annealing to remove solvent

GO reduction
Thermal reduction
Heating at 150 degrees.

Chemical reduction
Reaction with Sodium Borohydride (SBH)
19 mg SBH in 10 mL water
Room temperature reaction

Change in color

Functionalization of graphene surface

Immobilization using linkers
Example - PASE
Pyrene group binds to graphene
Ester end binds to amine
Using Au nanoparticles
Thio-DNA (Thio-Au bond)
Functionalization by GOD using PASE
linker
PASE - pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester
GOD glucose oxidase

Immobilization using PASE

Molecule immobilized
Glucose Oxidase
Glutamic Dehydrogenase
Immunoglobin E aptamer
Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)

Molecule Sensed
Glucose
Glutamate
Immunoglobin E protein
DNA

Project proposals
Using rGO channel
Cheaper than CVD graphene channel
Better reproducibility than mechanical exfoliation

Effect of device area on sensitivity

Different linkers with following properties
One end aromatic (to bind with graphene)
One end reactive (to bind with a biomolecule)

THANK YOU