Lecture 1.

Introduction
Learning Objectives

After this lecture, you should be able to do the following:

1. What is Materials Science and Engineering?

2. List six different property classifications of materials
3. Cite the four components that are involved in the design, production,
and utilization of materials. Describe the interrelationships between
these components.
4. List the three primary classifications of solid materials

Reading

Chapter 1: Introduction

Multimedia

What Is Materials Science?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bobe-r8VCho
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 1

Know Your Neighbors

Tell about yourself to your neighbor: name,
year (undergraduate, graduate), major,
research areas, interests in this course and
others.
Tell one thing thats surprising about yourself.
Introduce your neighbor to the class.

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 2

Chapter 1 - Introduction
What is materials science?
Why should we know about it?
Materials drive our society

Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Now?

Silicon Age?
Polymer Age?

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 3

What is Materials Science and

Engineering?
Materials science and engineering is concerned with the structure, properties,
design, manufacture, and use of all classes of materials, including metals,
ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials and with
energy, environmental, health, economic, and manufacturing issues relating to
materials.

Civilization
Stone age
Bronze age
Iron age

Polymer age
Silicon age

Nanomaterials
Biomaterials
Metamaterials

Electronic Paper
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 4

New materials
that could change
our lives in the
future!

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 5

What is Materials Science and

Engineering?

What is Materials Science and Materials

Engineering?
Materials Engineering

Four Components

Materials Engineering

Materials Science

Structure?
Property?

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 6

What is Materials Science and

Engineering?

What is Materials Science and Materials

Engineering?
Materials Engineering

Four Components

Materials Engineering

Materials Science

Structure? Subatomic, atomic, microscopic, and

macroscopic
Property? Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic,
optical, deteriorative (External stimuli Response)
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 7

Structure, Processing, & Properties

Properties depend on structure

ex: hardness vs structure of steel

(d)

Hardness (BHN)

Properties
6 00

Structure

5 00
4 00
3 00

30 m

(c)
(a)

2 00

30 m

100
0.01 0.1

(b)
4 m
30 m

Data obtained from Figs. 10.31(a) and

10.32 with 4 wt% C composition, and from
Fig. 11.15, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.
Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.19;
(b) Fig. 9.30; (c) Fig. 10.33; and (d) Fig.
10.21, Callister & Rethwisch 9e. (Figures

10.19, 10.21, & 10.33 copyright 1971 by United

States Steel Corporation. Figure 9.30 courtesy
of Republic Steel Corporation.)

1
10 100 1000 Processing
Cooling Rate (C/s)

Processing can change structure

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 8

The Materials Selection Process

1. Pick Application

Determine required Properties

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,

magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties

Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material

Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape

ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 9

Types of Materials

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 10

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 11

Features and Benefits:

Superior Edge Retention
Safe & Non-Conductive
Lightweight & Easy to Use
Rust-proof
Available Colors:
Charcoal Grey Handle and Blade

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 12

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 13

Types of Materials
Metals: Metallic elements (e.g., iron, aluminum, copper, gold,
silver, nickel)
Strong, ductile
High thermal & electrical conductivity
Opaque, reflective.

Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding (carbon, hydrogen, and

other nonmetallic elements) sharing of electrons
Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
Thermal & electrical insulators
Optically translucent or transparent.

Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic

& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
Brittle, glassy, elastic
Non-conducting (insulators)

Primarily based on chemical makeup and atomic structure

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 14

ELECTRICAL (Chap. 18)

Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
Fig. 18.8, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.

[Adapted from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219

(1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,
Physics of Solids, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill
Company, New York, 1970.]

5
(10-8 Ohm-m)

Resistivity,

4
3
2
1
0

-200

-100

T (C)

Adding impurity atoms to Cu increases resistivity.

Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 15

THERMAL (Chap. 19)

-- Silica fiber insulation

offers low heat conduction.

Thermal Conductivity
of Copper:

Chapter-opening
photograph, Chapter 17,
Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
(Courtesy of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.)

-- It decreases when
you add zinc!

Thermal Conductivity
(W/m-K)

Space Shuttle Tiles:

Fig. 19.4W, Callister 6e.

(Courtesy of Lockheed
Aerospace Ceramics
Systems, Sunnyvale, CA)
(Note: "W" denotes fig. is on
CD-ROM.)

100 m

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

400
300
200
100
0

0
10
20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)

Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.

[Adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties

and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure
Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing
Editor), ASM International, 1979, p. 315.]

Chapter 1 - 16

MAGNETIC (Chap. 20)

Magnetic Storage:

vs. Composition:

-- Adding 3 atomic % Si
makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Magnetization

-- Recording medium
is magnetized by
recording head.

Magnetic Permeability

Fe+3%Si
Fe

Magnetic Field
Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.

(Courtesy of HGST, a Western Digital Company.)

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and

A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of Engineering
Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9, 1973.
Electronically reproduced by permission of
Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,
New Jersey.

Chapter 1 - 17

OPTICAL (Chap. 21)

Transmittance:

-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or

opaque depending on the materials structure (i.e.,
single crystal vs. polycrystal, and degree of porosity).

single crystal

polycrystal:
no porosity

polycrystal:
some porosity

Fig. 1.2, Callister &

Rethwisch 9e.

(Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing)

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 18

DETERIORATIVE
Stress & Saltwater...

crack speed in salt water!

crack speed (m/s)

-- causes cracks!

Heat treatment: slows

Fig. 17.21, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.

(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

10-8

as-is
held at
160C for 1 hr
before testing

10-10

Alloy 7178 tested in

saturated aqueous NaCl
solution at 23C

increasing load

Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and

Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Boveri Co.)

Chapter 1 - 19

Summary
1. What is Materials Science and Engineering?
2. Four components that are involved in the design,
production, and utilization of materials.
3. Interrelationships between these components.
4. Three primary classifications of solid materials
5. Six different property classifications of materials

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 20

Questions
1. Write about you: your name, major, your year
(undergraduate, graduate), research areas, or anything
helpful to know about you
2. What are you confused about?
3. What would you like to learn from this course?
4. What are the topics of your interest in this course?
5. Any helpful comments.
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 21

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 22

Structure, Processing, & Properties

Properties depend on structure
ex:

Processing can change structure

ex:

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 23

Example Hip Implant

With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e.

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 24

Example Hip Implant

Requirements
mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
good lubricity
biocompatibility

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 25

Example Hip Implant

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 26

Hip Implant
Key problems to overcome
fixation agent to hold
acetabular cup
cup lubrication material
femoral stem fixing agent
must avoid any debris in cup

Ball

Acetabular
Cup and Liner

Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 22, Callister 7e. (Photograph
courtesy of Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA.)
MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 27

Example Develop New Types of

Polymers
Commodity plastics large volume ca. $0.50 / lb
Ex.
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.

Engineering Resins small volume > $1.00 / lb

Ex.
Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polysulfone
etc.
Can polypropylene be upgraded to properties (and price) near
those of engineering resins?

MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Chapter 1 - 28