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59 Update Note
March 13, 2013
In order to skip SMAP Program Menu window and directly access a specific SMAP
program, you need to modify the following two data files in the directory
C:\Smap\Ct\Ctdata using the text editor such as Notepad or Wordpad.
SmapAccess.dat
This text file contains a numerical value of iSmapAcces.
iSmapAcces = 0 : Access a program through SMAP Program Menu window
= 1 : Skip SMAP Program Menu window and directly access a
specific SMAP program as set by iProgram in the file
Program.dat.
Program.dat
This text file contains a numerical value of iProgram.
= 1 : SMAP-S2
iProgram
= 3 : SMAP-2D
= 4 : SMAP-3D
= 5 : SMAP-T2
= 7 : TUNA
= 8 : TUNA plus
For example, the following setting will directly access SMAP-2D program :
iSmapAccess = 0 and iProgram = 3.
Step 2 :
Open the example ScatterPlot.dat file in the following folder :
C:\Smap\Smap2D\Example\Plot\Example3.
Table 1 shows the listing of ScatterPlot.dat.
Step 3 :
Once Select Plotting Program window is shown, select EXCEL and then click Ok
button.
Step 4 :
Following message will be shown on the screen for few seconds and program is running
to prepare plotting normally within one minute depending on the amount of input data
to be processed.
Step 5 :
Following scatterplot will be shown on the Excel Spreadsheet.
4-12a
Card
Group
5
LABEL5A
LABEL5B
5.2
NTRUSS
NEL,
I,
J,
MATT,
NODEK
Cards
NEL
I, J
MATT
NODEK
Note :
1. Spring elements can be generated at node I or J by the following rule.
When fixed spring node is located at positive distance relative to node I
(I > 0, J < 0)
J
Card
Group
Once you execute PLOT-3D, new mesh file with generated spring element is
saved as ModifiedMesh.Mes.
For more detailed information to use spring element, refer to Example
Problem VP26.
where
K
E
A
L
:
:
:
:
Spring stiffness
Young's modulus
Cross section area
Unit length (1.0)
4-160
Using the material properties listed in main file VP26.Man in Table 4.15, horizontal stiffness (Kx)
can be computed as
Computed result of deformed shape is shown in Figure 4.113 along with maximum values of
horizontal and vertical displacements.
SMAP results are identical to the exact solutions.
4-162
4-164
JOINT-2D
JOINT-2D is the new pre-processing program generating Jointed Continuum
finite element m esh given the conventional continuum S MAP-2D Mesh Input File.
Join ted C ontinu um ana lysis is sim ilar to the d iscrete elem ent ana lysis.
For the Jointed Continuum analysis, each continuum finite element is surrounded by
joint elemen ts.
slippage along the joint when reaching shear strength and debonding normal to the
joint face when exceeding tensile strength.
JOINT-2D can be ex ecu ted in the fo llow ing orde r:
Step 1:
In the Working Directory, JOINT-2D Input File Joint.inp should be saved.
Joint.in p can be prep ared a ccordin g to the JOINT -2D Users M anu al.
Step 2:
In the SMAP-2D Main Menu, select Setup > PLOT_2D.3D and then specify the Joint
Thickness greater than 0 in the PLOT 2D.3D Setup window.
Step 3:
In the Plot Menu, select PLOT_2D.3D.
Step 4:
In the P LOT -3D , open SM AP-2 D M esh F ile to wh ich you wa nt to ad d joint e lem ents
based on the informa tion in the JOINT -2D Inp ut File Joint.inp.
Step 5:
Genera ted J ointed C ontinu um Finite Ele m ent Me sh is save d in the W orkin g D irecto ry
as JointedBlock.Mes.
PLOT-3D window.
2.
Following SMAP-2D example problems are included to verify the Jointed Continuum
Mesh generated by JOINT-2D:
SMAP-2D Example Problem 25:
Plane Strain Tunnel in Jointed Continuum.
Card
Group
Title
Title
1.2
AllJoint
AllJoint
General Information
=0
=1
=2
Note 1 :
To run JOINT-2D,
select SMAP-2D Setup PLOT_2D.3D
and then specify the Joint Thickness which is
greater than 0 (Ex. Joint Thickness = 0.1) and
Input File Joint.inp should exist in the Working
Directory.
Note 2 :
Card
Group
AllJoint = 1
2.1
NumIJ
ThicIJ
2.2
NumIJ
Cards
3.1
NumIJ, ThicIJ
MatIJ1
MatIJ2
-
InnerBeam1
InnerBeam2
-
OuterBeam1
OuterBeam2
-
MatIJi
InnerBeam i
OuterBeam i
ThicBJ
InterfaceJoint
3.2
NumBJ
Cards
MatBJ1
MatBJ2
-
InnerBeam1 OuterBeam1
InnerBeam2 OuterBeam2
-
MatBJi
InnerShell i
OuterShell i
Card
Group
NumSJG
NumSJG
4.2
NumSJ1,
NumSJ2,
-
NumSJG
Cards
ThicSJ1
ThicSJ2
-
NumSJi
ThicSJi
4.3
NumSJi
Cards
ElementNo1, SurfaceNo1
ElementNo2, SurfaceNo2
-
ElementNo
SurfaceNo
: Continuum Material No
Outer Surface
Boundary Joint
2
AllJoint = 1 (Card 3)
Ex : Continuum Material 2
Internal Joint
1
AllJoint = 1 (Card 2)
Ex : Continuum Material 1
Surface Joint
AllJoint = 2 (Card 4)
4.25
4-151
4.108
4.109
4.110
4.111
In general, the rersults of the jointed continuum tunnel analysis are close
to those of the conventional continuum analysis described in the Example
Problem 16. The jointed continuum analysis shows the maximum tunnel
displacement of 0.117 inch which is 4% smaller than the conventional
continuum analysis due to the use of stiff joint material.
4-152
*************************************************************************************
* Jointed Continuum Generation : Joint.inp should be saved in Working Directory.
*
* ==================================================================================*
*
*
*
*
* Card 1.1
*
* Title
*
For Example Problem 25
* Card 1.2
*
* AllJoint = 0 Generate Joint Elements along the all interfaces between continuum
*
*
elements. Cards 2, 3 and 4 are not used.
*
*
*
*
= 1 Generate Joint Elements for the material numbers of continuum
*
*
elements as specified in Cards 2 and 3. Card 4 is not used.
*
*
*
*
= 2 Generate Joint Elements for the element surface numbers of continuum *
*
elements as specified in Card 4. Cards 2 and 3 are ignored.
*
*
*
*
Note 1: To run JOINT-2D, select SMAP-2D -> PLOT_2D.3D and then
*
*
specify the "Joint thickness which is greater than 0
*
*
(Example; Joint Thickness = 0.1) and Input File "Joint.inp" *
*
should exist in the Working Directory.
*
*
*
*
Note 2: Output File "JointedBlock.Mes" contains only Continuum and
*
*
Joint Elements. Beam, Truss, and Shell Elements are not
*
*
included.
*
*
*
* AllJoint
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
1
*
*
*************************************************************************************
* Card 2
*
* Internal Joint Generation By AllJoint = 1
*
*************************************************************************************
*
*
* Card 2.1
*
* NumIJ (Number of Cont. Materials for Internal Joints), ThicIJ (Joint Thickness)
*
*
*
* NumIJ
ThicIJ
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
2
1.0
*
*
* Card 2.2
*
* MatIJ (Material Property No of Cont. Element for Internal Joints)
*
*
*
* MatIJ Listing
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
2
3
*
*
*************************************************************************************
* Card 3
*
* Boundary Joint Generation By AllJoint = 1
*
*************************************************************************************
*
*
* Card 3.1
*
* NumBJ (Number of Cont. Materials for Boundary Joints), ThicBJ (Joint Thickness)
*
*
*
* NumBJ
ThicBJ
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
0
1.0
*
*
* Card 3.2
*
* MatBJ (Material Property No of Cont. Element for Boundary Joints)
*
*
*
* MatBJ Listing
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 2
* 3
4-153
*
*
*
*************************************************************************************
* Card 4
*
* Surface Joint Generation By AllJoint = 2
*
*************************************************************************************
*
*
* Card 4.1
*
* NumSJG (Number of Groups for Surface Joints)
*
*
*
* NumSJG
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
0
* 2
*
*
* Card 4.2
*
* NumSJG [i]
: Number of Element Surfaces in Group i.
*
* ThicSJG[i]
: Thickness of Surface Joint in Group i.
*
*
*
* NumSJG [i]
ThicSJG[i]
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 2
0.5
* 2
0.4
*************************************************************************************
* Group (1)
*
* ElementNo
SurfaceNo
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 1
1
* 2
2
*************************************************************************************
* Group (2)
*
* ElementNo
SurfaceNo
*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 3
4
* 4
4
* End of Data
*
*************************************************************************************
4-154
Figu re 4.1 07 Fini te elem ent m esh es for ex am ple p roblem 25.
4-155
Fig ure 4 .108 Tu nn el de form ed sh ape for exam ple p roblem 25.
4-156
4-157
4-158
1.
Dire ctly Ex ecu ting AIG and P lottin g F inite Elem en t M esh es.
During the AIG input editing phase, you can see the current finite element meshes by
clicking Save button first and then clicking F.E. Mesh Plot button.
In the working directory, following two files are also generated: Group.Mes and
Group.Man.
2.
SMAP includes example problem VP24. This example problem is very practical
problem which can be encountered when the excavation is near to the existing structures.
The finite element meshes for this example problem were generated by AIG.
4-138
4.24
4-139
Figure 4.100
Figure 4.101
4-140
Table 4.9
Step
Description
1, 2
In Situ Ko State
Anchor - 1 Installation
Anchor - 2 Installation
Anchor - 3 Installation
10
Tab le 4.10
Material Type
Ko
3
<
E
2
(t/m )
(t/m )
T
2
deg.
(t/m )
(t/m 2)
Fill
1.8
0.54
1000.
0.35
25
0.5
Silty Sand
1.8
0.54
1000.
0.35
25
0.5
Sand Gravel
1.8
0.47
3000.
0.32
32
0.5
SCE W all
2.1x10 7
0.2
R.C. Box
2.1x10 6
0.2
45
250
300
Anchor
2.1x10 7
Figure 4.102
4-141
4-142
Table 4.1 1
4-143
4-144
4-145
4-146
4-147
4-148
4-149
4-150
1.
Se gm en t Ed itor.
Seg m ent Editor is a b uilt- in text ed itor w hich can be u sed to ad d, de lete, or m odify
the segm ent data for the existing g roups.
2.
3.
SMAP supports Additional Gravity Loads with intensity time history so that
change of water table and pseudo-dynamic earthquake loads can be modeled.
Refer to updated manuals and example problems.
SMAP-2D:
Example VP23
4-84
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.1
NGSTEP
NGSTEP =0
>0
Note:
Gravity Load
Loads
9.1.2
NHFRX
NHFRY
4-84a
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.2 .1
Gravity Load
Loads
For Y < Y1
Ai = A0
For Y > Y2
Ai = A3
For other cases
Ai = A1 + (Y - Y1 ) * (A2 - A1 ) / (Y2 - Y1 )
9.1.2 .2
4.23
4-133
At
4-134
Figure 4.97
Table 4.7
4-135
Construction sequence
Step
Description
1, 2
Table 4.8
Material Type
Material property
Ko
(t/m3 )
<
(t/m2 )
deg.
(t/m2 )
(t/m2 )
Weathered Soil
1.90
0.50
2.00x103
0.33
30
20
Weathered Rock
1.90
0.43
5.000x103
0.30
35
30
30
Soft Rock
2.40
0.33
2.00x104
0.25
40
70
40
Embankment Fill
2.00
0.50
3.00x103
0.33
30
20
4-136
Figure 4.98
Figure 4.99
4-137
Correcting Bugs
Following problems are corrected:
Failure of show ing m aterial colors on and arou nd clip plan e whe n Visible Su rface
with Material Color (in Plot -> Mesh -> Mesh Typ e) is selected to plot meshes
around clip plane.
Failure of show ing visible surfaces w hen on ly Joint is selected in View -> M esh ->
Element Type.
2.
SMAP-2D includes program Shrink File to remove extra blank spaces before the
carriage return.
This will reduce the size of the file where blank spaces are existing
Step 2.
Browse or type your input file. You can change your default output file name as you
wa nt.
4.
is conn ected to an arc se gm ent, the coordin ate w hich is com m on to b oth seg m ents is
gov erne d by end poin t of arc se gm ent.
Correcting Bugs
Following problems are corrected:
Failure of writing the beginning and ending angles of arc segment for the values that
are less th an or eq ual to -1 00 (C ard 3.3 .5.4.3.1 in AD DR GN -2D Users M anu al).
This
error was due to the use of insufficient format in writing angles (old format: F7.3,
corrected new form at: F7.2).
5.
AIG (AD DRG N-2D Input GU I) has the following chang es and n ew im provem ents:
Ch an gin g M en u N am es.
O ld Na m e
N ew Na m e
Start Group
AIG
End Group
End Segment
1)
Inp ut d ata associate d w ith FEM AP Plot is n ot su pp orte d as it is not show n in AIG
window.
2)
4)
5)
Assigning MATNO = 0 for MTYPE = 3 can be used to specify element activity in the
region without altering the material property data in the region where the group
occupies.
6)
Local origin can be specified fo move the coordinates of the current group.
7)
Following command buttons are added on the right side of AIG window.
Create or modify the segment of a group.
Show group / segm ent num bers.
Update current group parameters shown in AIG window.
Save all the u pdate grou p param eters.
Replot to show all the upda te group geo me tries.
Delete, m ove, or copy groups.
Close AIG window.
Finish and exit AIG program.
In order to save such text data in AIG plotting, following two files in the sub
working directory Temp should be saved in some other folder: MESHFILE.MES and
PLTDSO.DAT
To reproduce the text data in AIG plotting, copy those two files in the
new sub working directory Temp and then select plotting program PLOT_2D in
Plot -> Plot Options menu.
SMAP-2D allows users to run their own Fortran application programs (up to maximum of
5 programs) through SMAP menu procedure.
Main advantages of running application programs through SMAP menu are:
C
modifying these sample programs and then compile them simply by running the given batch
procedure file.
C
To write your own application program, follow the steps listed below:
Step 1.
Install Microsoft Power Station 4.0 in the directory C:\MSDEV
Step 2.
Modify the sample application source program UserAP1.FOR in the directory
C:\Smap\Smap2d\Program\User\UserAP-1 as you want. Partial listing of the sample
application is shown on the next page.
Step 3.
Run the batch procedure file MakeAP1.BAT simply by typing or double clicking the
file name.
Step 4.
Copy the UserAP1.DLL to the directory C:\Smap\Smap2d\Program
C
SUBROUTINE UserAP1 (UI, UO, IFILEO, UR, IERROR)
C
C
Input
UI
UO
UR
File (set as UI = 5)
C
C
Output
= 1 : Exit With
Error
C
!MS$ATTRIBUTES DLLEXPORT :: UserAP1
C
INTEGER
CHARACTER*126 IFILEO
C
C
----------------------------------------------OPEN
(UI,
FILE='IFILEI.TMP', STATUS='OLD')
C
C
------------------------------------------------OPEN
(UO,
FILE=IFILEO,
STATUS='UNKNOWN')
C
C
----------------------OPEN
(UR,
FILE='ERROR.TMP',
STATUS='UNKNOWN')
Call
--------------------------------------------------------------
CALL
C
RETURN
END
To run your own application program, follow the steps listed below:
Step 1.
Go to Run -> User Application -> UAP1.exe to access your application UserAP1.DLL
Step 2.
Browse or type your input file. You can change your default output file name as you
want. Example input file UAP1-2D.txt which is prepared for the sample application
program UserAP1.FOR is available in the directory
C:\Smap\Smap2d\Example\UserApp\UserAP1
Step 3.
Go to Run -> Smap -> Text Editor to view your output file. If your output contains
SMAP mesh file, plot it by PLOT-3D. Following graphical output can be obtained from
the original sample application program UserAP1.FOR.
Correcting Bugs
Following problem is corrected:
Failure of showing visible surfaces when all 4 nodes of quad surface are not coplanar.
2.
CIRCLE-2D is a new pre-processing program generating finite element meshes for two
dimensional circular section. The Mesh file from CIRCLE-2D is compatible with
SMAP-2D format. SMAP-S2 users need to convert this Mesh file by running conversion
utility program in Run -> Femap -> Smap -> Other.
CIRCLE-2D can be accessed through Run -> Presmap -> Circle - 2D.
CIRCLE-2D examples are included in directory ..EXAMPLE -> PRESMAP -> CIRCLE.
3.
Correcting Bugs
Following problems are corrected:
Wrong splitting when original quad element includes 3 corners containing a line/arc segment.
Failure of closed loop using arc segment in MTYPE = 2 and -2.
Failuer of passing through first element node for generating line elements in MTYPE = 3, -3,
4 and -4.
4.
5.
6.
Card
Group
7
4-81
7.1
NTRUSS
NTRUSS
7.2
NTRST
NTRST
Use NTRST=1
7.3
Truss Element
NTNT
MATP
Card
Group
8
4-83
8.1
Number
Number
Number
Number
of
of
of
of
Element Activity
8.2
(MCFAD) Cards
+
MATC,
*
- .
- -
NAC, NDAC
-
(MBFAD) Cards
+
MATB,
*
- .
- -
NAC, NDAC
-
(MTFAD) Cards
+
MATT,
*
- .
- -
NAC, NDAC
-
6-4
Card
Group
3
FILEA
FILEM
FILEA
FILEM
3.2
NSNEL, NSNODE
NSNEL
NSNODE
3.3
Change coordinates
=1
=2
Cut elements
=3
=4
MC
MB
MT
Note:
6-14
Card
Group
4
4.1
4.2
XO , YO , YWATER
XO , YO
YWATER
4.3
NBX *
Cards *
.
Wi
)xi
" Xi
)X1 ,
)X2 ,
-
W1 ,
W2 ,
-
" X1
" X2
-
= 0.5
= 0.3
=-0.3
4.4
NBY +
Cards *
.
Hi
)Yi
" Y = 0.5
= 0.3
=-0.3
H1 ,
H2 ,
-
)Y1 ,
)Y2 ,
-
" Y1
" Y2
-
4.5
IGMOD
IGMOD =0
=1
Do not modify
Modify generated base mesh
If IGMOD=1, go to Card 3.1.
Now, SMAP has its own 3D post-processing program (PLOT-3D). Using PLOT-3D,
results of 2d/3d analyses can be graphically viewed without any additional input data for
Post File. The key features of PLOT-3D are:
C
2.
PLOT-XY (Previously called PLTXY) automatically generates preselected input data for
Card Group 12 based on users input in Card Group 10. Then users can modify these
default input data using text editor as they want. In order to use this special feature, the
Post File should contain no data.
Refer to example problems..
SMAP-2D:
3.
Example VP1
and VP13
Now, SMAP supports Embedded Truss Elements with explicit degrees of freedom for
slip so that reinforcing bars can be placed anywhere within continuum elements.
Refer to updated manuals and example problems.
SMAP-2D:
Example VP22
4.
5.
SMAP automatically creates a sub directory Temp under current working directory.
All intermediate scratch files are saved in this sub directory. Consequently, to run
SMAP programs manually, you need to move to this Temp directory.
Refer to updated manual.
SMAP-2D:
6.
7.
3-2
Running Programs
Running Programs
3.3.4
3-39
PLOT-3D
PLOT-3D is
The key
The
File has three sub menus. Open is used to open the Mesh File.
Print is to get the hardcopy of the current view. Exit is to exit
PLOT-3D.
3-40
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-41
3-42
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-43
Clip Plane defines parameters associated with the clip plane which cuts
through the internal part of the 3D domain. When Apply Clip Plane is
on, contours or deformed shapes are shown on such user defined plane.
Mesh options affect all plot types. As one of useful features, it can select
particular types of elements and materials.
3-44
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-45
3-46
Running Programs
Running Programs
Mesh is to plot finite element meshes (default plot type). Mesh plot
requires only Mesh File.
3-47
3-48
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-49
3-50
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-51
Translation Toolbar
These buttons move the mesh to the left, right, up,
and down, respectively.
Rotation Toolbar
The first button changes direction of rotation. The
other three buttons rotate the mesh about X, Y, and
Z axes, respectively.
Zoom Toolbar
mesh. The third button is used to activate the selection of zoom area.
Once this button is on, you can specify the rectangular zoom area by leftmouse-button-down at the left top corner and then left-mouse-button-up
at the right bottom corner. To deactivate, click this button again. The
fourth button is used to switch from the currently zoomed view to the
previously zoomed view or vice versa. The last button with All is to go
back to the initial default configuration.
Print Toolbar
This button is used to get the hardcopy of the current view.
Open Toolbar
This button activates the file open dialog box to open input file.
XYZ Toolbar
This button is used to locate the position of XYZ coordinate symbol
in the two part layout mode. Each time you click this button, the
XYZ symbol moves counterclockwise along the corners of rectangle.
XYZ button is also used to control the amount of movement, rotation, and
zoom.
Number Toolbar
This button is used to show node numbers, element numbers,
boundary codes, and material numbers. The description of
numbers is listed at the bottom of PLOT-3D window.
3-52
Running Programs
Layout Toolbar
These buttons are used to show different layouts. The first
button divides the plot area into three parts; mesh, title, and
legend. The second button divides the plot area into two parts; mesh and
title.
Running PLOT-3D
1. You should have the Mesh File which is compatible to the format
described in Section 4.3. To plot results of analyses, SMAP output
files should be available in the Working Directory.
2. Select PLOT-3D and click OK
button.
Running Programs
3-53
SETUP menu has three sub menus; General, PLOT_2D, PLOT_2D.3D, and
PLOT_XY.
3-54
Running Programs
Program Version has two options; Demo and Full Version. Demo Version
does not require SMAP key but it has the following maximum limits:
Number of Nodes
= 300
= 100
= 50
= 50
Full Version requires SMAP Key attached on the parallel port of your
computer.
Running Programs
3-55
3-56
Running Programs
Margins is used to shift the drawing area. Left margin is the distance from
the left edge of printer page to the left frame line. Top margin is the
distance from the top edge of printer page to the top frame line.
Line Thickness specifies the thickness of contour lines. It has three
options; Standard, Doubled, and Tripled.
Numeric Character Size specifies the size of numeric characters such as
node and element numbers. It has 3 options; Standard, Small, and Large.
Scale specifies Maximum Displacement Length, Maximum Principal Stress
Length, Maximum Beam Section Force Length, and Maximum Truss
Force/Stress Length.
Running Programs
3-57
3-58
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-59
MD Temp
CD Temp
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\SMAP2D
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\PLTXY
3-60
Running Programs
Extracting convergence
0,
2,
1
1
IDEBUG, NCLDEB, IOUTDEB, ICONVER
Note: This "DEBUG.DAT" file allows listing of status with
elapsed time information while running main process
of SMAP programs.
This is the very useful
features to see where it spends most time and where
it stops.
IDEBUG
= 0 :
1 :
NCLDEB
IOUTDEB =
0 :
1 :
ICONVER =
0 :
1 :
Card
Group
2
4-5
2.1
LABEL2B
2.2
Coordinate
NUMNP
Cards
NODE
Node Number
ISX
ISY
IFX
IFY
IRZ
IEX
IEY
4-12
Card
Group
5
5.1
LABEL5B
5.2
NTRUSS + NEL, I,
Cards
* . -
J,
-
NEL
I, J
MATT
NODEK
NELPI
NELPJ
Card
Group
2
4-15
2.1
NLNR
NGEN
=2
Consolidation analysis
=3
=4
=5
=0
=1
Nonlinear material
=0
Small displacement
=1
IQUAD =0
Analysis Type
Static analysis
=1
NTEMP =0
=1
No automatic generation
Automatic generation of quadratic elements
(Not available). If IQUAD = 1, all linear
elements are automatically transformed into
quadratic elements.
Thermal expansion is not considered
Thermal properties and element temperatures
are read from input file ELTEMP.DAT.
File ELTEMP.DAT should be located in the
working directory.
see Table in the next page.
4-34
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4
Elastic Model
=2
=3
Mohr-Coulomb Model
=4
=5
=6
=7
Continuum Element
Model.
=8
=9
=10
Engineering Model
=11
Joint Model
=12
=14
=15
=16
=17
=18
DSRNMAX =0.0
>0.0
MAXCYCL
Ko
NEHNO
NRHNO
4-82
Card
Group
7
7.4
7.4.1
MATNO, ME, MS
MATNO
Material number
ME =
=
=
=
No embedment
Embedded with auto subdivision
Embedded with no subdivision
Embedded using input NELPI and NELPJ
See Card 5.2 in mesh file description
Embedded with N equal subdivision
0
1
2
3
=-N
Truss Element
MS =
=
=
=
0
1
2
n
Note:
No slip
Monotonic loading path
Arbitrary loading path
(n>2) Plastic stiffness = Kslip x 10-n
For ME = 1, 2, and -N, input files of mesh
and main are automatically updated.
7.4.2
7.4.3
Yield stress
Strain at rupture (For , f # F y /E, , f
represents Yield strain at tension)
Moment of inertia (minimum)
Distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber
(maximum)
Card
Group
7
4-82a
7.4
7.4.4
Truss Element
Kslip
Cmax
Cres
Umax
Ures
Dslip
6-16
Case
2b
2e
30
310
310
30
-50
30
30
-50
Figure 6.2
4.22
4-127
4-128
Table 4.6
Interface Cohesion
Cmax (t/m2 )
SMAP-2D Result
0.1
0.011746 m
0.010990 m
280
0.010379 m
Exact Beam
Solution
0.01190 m
(without rebar)
0.01040 m
(with rebar)
Ec
<c
Es
Ic
Is
It
=
=
=
=
=
=
4-129
Figure 4.93
4-130
Figure 4.94
Figure 4.95
4-131
4-132
Figure 4.96
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
SMAP
Start -> Programs -> SMA P -> Smap
2.
3.
W orking Directory
Working directory should be the existing
directory where all the output files are
saved.
4.
5.
6.
Plot Mesh
Double-click the first item FINITE ELEMENT
MESHES in the list box.
Click OK button
when finished.
8.
10.
selection is finished.
11.
12.
mod el type.
13.
Click OK
14.
15.
16.
17.
Drawing Line
Click the mouse at the location where the
line begins and then click the m ous e w here
the line ends.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Note th at this
23.
Close PLTDS.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
For example,
31.
Post file
32.
34.
35.
Plot Mesh
As for Step 7, double-click the item FINITE ELEMENT MESHES in the list
box.
36.
Click OK button.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
form is filled.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Modifying a Segment
For example, lets assume that we w ant to change the rock bolt length
from 5 m to 7.5 m for Gro up No 3 .
49.
50.
Click OK button.
Change the
51.
52.
53.
Refreshing Plot
To reflect the modifications,
select Plot > Replot
54.
Modified View
A new plot with upd ated information for
Segment No 1 in Group No 3 will be
displayed.
55.
56.
End Group
Follow the same procedure as in Steps 51 and 52.
57.
Refreshing Plot
To reflec t the m odificatio n,
select Plot > Replot as in Step 53.
A ne w p lot with the G roup No 2 mis sing will
be dis played.
58.
Replacing a Group
For example, lets assume that we w ant to
completely rewrite Group No 4 to represent a
utility tunnel with a radius of 2.5 m located at
7.5 m to the left and 7.5 m to the top from the
origin of the arch tunnel.
Click Start Group menu, type in 4 for Group No,
select MTYPE = 1, fill in rest of columns, and
click OK button.
It should be noted that Segment No in this Start
Window should be 0.
59.
Arc Segment
Click Arc Se gm ent m enu as in Step 18.
Fill the dimen sions of utility tunnel on the
Arc Segmen t Window as sh ow n.
Click OK button.
60.
End Group
Follow the same procedure as in Steps 51 and 52.
61.
Refreshing Plot
Follow the sam e pro ced ure a s in S tep 5 3. A
new plot with Group No 4 representing the
utility tunnel will be displayed.
62.
Saving Modification
To save all the modifications for AIG file, follow the same procedure as
described in Steps 21 and 22.
63.
Card
Group
5
4-65
5.7
5.7.1
NUMEST
NUMEST
5.7.2 .1
Cards
Continuum Element
. - - - - - - - - - -
NEL
Element number
KP
KH
KD =0
=1
Px = a1 Py = a2
4-65a
Card
Group
5
5.7
5.7.2 .1
=2
=3
Pn2 = a2 at I2 N
=4
qX2 = a2 at I2 N
Continuum Element
qY1 = a1 at I1 N
=5
qY2 = a2 at I2 N
=6
=7
Note:
4-75
Card
Group
6
6.4
6.4.1 .1
NTNB
NTNB
6.4.1 .2.1
MATNO
Material number
MODELNO
NEHNO
Group 9.2.3
Material Property Data
Beam Element
SMAP -2D
Structure Medium Analysis Program
2-D Static, Consolidation and Dynam ic
Analysis for Dry, Saturated and
Partially Saturated Soils
and Rock Mass
COMTEC RESEARCH
LICENSE AGREEMENT
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U.S.A
Contents
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1.2
Features
...................................
1-1
1.3
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-3
2. Installing SMAP-2D
2.1
2-1
2.2
Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1
3. Running SMAP-2D
3.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
3.2
RUN Menu
..................................
3-4
3.2.1
SMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
3.2.2
PRESMAP
3-8
3.2.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
.............................
3.2.2.1
PRESMAP-2D
3.2.2.2
NATM-2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................
3-12
3-8
3.2.2.3
PRESMAP-GP
..................
3-14
ADDRGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-16
3.2.3.1
ADDRGN-2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-17
3.2.4
FEMAP
..............................
3-20
3.2.5
PLOTMESH
3.2.6
SUPPLEMENT
.........................
3-22
3.2.7
LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-23
PLOT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-26
3.3.1
PLTDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-26
3.3.2
PLTXY
..............................
3-33
3.3.3
FEMAP
..............................
3-35
3.3.4
...........................
3-22
...................
3-39
3.4.1
General Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-43
3.4.2
PLTDS Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-45
3.4.3
PLTXY Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-46
3-47
SETUP Menu
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-1
4.2
Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-2
4.3
Mesh File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4
Main File
..................................
4.5
Post File
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-101
4-3
4-13
Introduction
................................
5-1
PRESMAP-2D
5.2.1
MODEL 1
.............................
5-3
5.2.2
MODEL 2
............................
5-11
5.2.3
MODEL 3
............................
5-23
5.2.4
MODEL 4
............................
5-31
5.3
NATM-2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-35
5.4
PRESMAP-GP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-45
6.1
Introduction
................................
6-1
6.2
ADDRGN-2D
................................
6-3
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
7.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
FEMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-1
7.3
FEMAP6SMAP Conversion
7-4
.......................
7-1
7.4
SMAP6FEMAP Conversion
.......................
7-5
7.5
SMAP6OTHER Conversion
.......................
7-7
8.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1
8.2
Mesh-2D
8-1
8. PLOTMESH
...................................
9. SUPPLEMENT Program
9.1
Introduction
................................
9-1
9.2
EDIT
......................................
9-1
9.3
XY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-1
9.4
CARDS
9-8
....................................
Contents
...............................
10-1
.................................
10-2
....................
10-2
10-7
. . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Introduction
1-1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
SMAP-2D is an advanced two-dimensional finite element computer
program developed for the geometric and material nonlinear structuremedium interaction analysis.
1.2 Features
Features of SMAP-2D include:
C
Joint element
-
1-2
Introduction
Beam element
-
Truss element
-
External loads
-
Initial velocity
Gravity load
Skew boundary
Transmitting boundary
Mohr-Coulomb model
Hyperbolic model
Engineering model
Large deformations
-
Introduction
1.3 Applications
Applications of SMAP-2D include:
C
Dynamic analysis
-
Wave propagation
Blast-induced liquefaction
Earthquake analysis
Consolidation analysis
-
Foundation settlement
1-3
1-4
Introduction
SMAP-2D
PLTDS
PLTXY
FEMAP
Installing SMAP-2D
2-1
SVGA monitor.
2-2
Installing SMAP-2D
3. Click OK button to
continue installation.
Installing SMAP-2D
2-3
2-4
Installing SMAP-2D
8.
9.
12. If you have 3.5 inch SMAP key setup disk, insert the disk and run
INSTALL.EXE. If you do not have 3.5 inch setup disk, go to
SMAP-CD-->KEY-DISK--> SMAP-0XXX directory and run INSTALL.
Where XXX represents the Serial Number which is the first three digits
in SMAP key. For Demo Version, you do not need key setup.
Installing SMAP-2D
2-5
Running Programs
3-1
Running Programs
3.1 Introduction
Generally, SMAP-2D consists of pre-, main-, and post-processing
programs. Pre-processing programs are mainly used to automatically
generate Mesh Files which will contain nodal coordinates, boundary
conditions, and element indexes. Main-processing program of SMAP-2D
is the one which computes static, consolidation and dynamic response of
two-dimensional problems. Post-processing programs are used to show
graphically the results from the main-processing program.
3-2
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-3
SMAP-2D Menu
SMAP-2D provides the following Main
Menus; RUN, PLOT, SETUP, and
EXIT.
3-4
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-5
3-6
Running Programs
9. Main Editor is used to edit SMAP-2D Main File. The format of Main
input will be described in detail in Section 4.4.
10. Post Editor is used to edit SMAP-2D Post File. The format of Post
input will be described in detail in Section 4.5.
Running Programs
3-7
BEAMSF.DAT
TRUSS.DAT
DISPLT.DAT
It should be noted that all of your output files are saved in the working
directory that you specified at the beginning.
Deformed shape
3-8
Running Programs
3.2.2 PRESMAP
PRESMAP programs are mainly used to model the geometry of the
structures to be analyzed. Mesh File described in Section 4.3 can be
created using PRESMAP programs.
There are three presmap programs
provided in this manual; PRESMAP-2D,
NATM-2D, and PRESMAP-GP.
Before running PRESMAP programs,
you need to prepare input files as
described in PRESMAP User0s Manual in
Section 5.
3.2.2.1 PRESMAP-2D
PRESMAP-2D includes Model 1, 2, 3, and 4. Model 1 is basic preprocessor which can be applied to model various types of problem
geometry. Model 2 is the special pre-processor developed to model nearfields around underground openings such as tunnels, culverts, etc. Model
3 is the special pre-processor developed to model triangular and
rectangular shape geometry. Model 4 is the useful pre-processor to
generate layered embankments having slope.
Running Programs
Running PRESMAP-2D
1. Select Run Presmap
Presmap-2D.
3-9
3-10
Running Programs
Total
Running Programs
3-11
3-12
Running Programs
3.2.2.2 NATM-2D
NATM-2D is the special pre-processing program developed to generate
automatically two-dimensional finite element meshes and boundary
conditions for NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) tunnels.
Running NATM-2D
1. Select Run Presmap
NATM-2D.
Running Programs
3-13
TRUSS.DAT
AD.DAT
LINING.DAT
3-14
Running Programs
3.2.2.3 PRESMAP-GP
PRESMAP-GP is the general purpose pre-processing program which can
be used to generate coordinates, element indexes and boundary codes for
truss, beam, or continuum elements. Users can select rectangular,
spherical or cylindrical coordinate for interpolation.
Running Presmap-GP
1. Select Run Presmap
Presmap-GP
Running Programs
3-15
3-16
Running Programs
3.2.3 ADDRGN
ADDRGN is the pre-processing program which has the following two basic
functions:
C
Though the program ADDRGN combines only two regions at a time, users
can apply ADDRGN many times to assemble all the different regions.
ADDRGN can also be used to modify the existing meshes:
C
Change coordinates
Cut elements
Running Programs
3-17
3.2.3.1 ADDRGN-2D
ADDRGN-2D deals with two dimensional meshes. Before running, you
need to prepare input files according to the ADDRGN-2D User0s Manual in
Section 6 and save in your working directory.
Running ADDRGN-2D
1. Select Run Addrgn
Addrgn-2D
3-18
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-19
3-20
Running Programs
3.2.4 FEMAP
PRESMAP programs described in Section 5 generate Mesh Files which
contain the geometric information of structures to be analyzed. The
format of SMAP-2D Mesh File is presented in detail in Section 4.3.
Such Mesh Files can also be created by using FEMAP program which is
developed by EDS.
In this section, we will briefly discuss FEMAP menu:
C
FEMAP
FEMAP SMAP
SMAP FEMAP
SMAP OTHER
FEMAP
FEMAP is a finite element modeling and post-processing program
developed by EDS. Refer to FEMAP User0s Guide to create two or three
dimensional finite element meshes.
FEMAP sub menu is provided for you to access directly FEMAP program.
The finite element meshes created by FEMAP can be converted to SMAP
mesh files as it will be described in Section 7.3.
Plotting FEMAP Neutral File is described in detail in Section 7.2.
FEMAP SMAP
You can generate nodal coordinates, boundary codes, element indexes,
and concentrated loads using program FEMAP and then save it in neutral
file format having the file extension .NEU.
Once you have FEMAP neutral file, you can easily convert it into Mesh File
Running Programs
3-21
Beam element
SMAP FEMAP
SMAP-2D Mesh Files generated from PRESMAP programs (PRESMAP-2D,
NATM-2D, and PRESMAP-GP) can be converted to FEMAP neutral files by
executing SMAP FEMAP Sub Menu. Such converted FEMAP neutral
files can be viewed or modified using the program FEMAP. It should be
noted that any file having the Mesh File format in Section 4.3 can be
converted to FEMAP neutral file.
Converting SMAP Mesh File to FEMAP Neutral File is described in
detail in Section 7.4.
SMAP OTHER
SMAP-2D Mesh Files generated from PRESMAP-2D, ADDRGN-2D, or
PRESMAP-GP can be converted to the SMAP-S2 or SMAP-3D Mesh File
formats. When executing SMAP OTHER Sub Menu, you will be asked
to select the program name to be converted and then to select the other
program name.
Converting SMAP Mesh File to Other Mesh File is described in detail in
Section 7.5.
3-22
Running Programs
3.2.5 PLOTMESH
PLOTMESH is mainly used to plot Mesh
Files described in Section 4.3. Mesh
Files are normally generated by
PRESMAP programs described in
Section 5.
PLOTMESH menu has one sub menu:
Mesh-2D. Mesh-2D is to plot two
dimensional Mesh Files.
Mesh-2D
Mesh-2D is designed to plot two dimensional Mesh Files which are
normally generated from PRESMAP-2D, NATM-2D, or PRESMAP-GP preprocessing programs.
Plotting Two Dimensional Mesh Files is described in detail in Section
8.2.
3.2.6 SUPPLEMENT
Supplement programs contain supporting programs which are useful
to prepare input data for pre-and main-processing programs.
Currently, there are three programs
available: EDIT, XY, and CARDS.
EDIT
EDIT uses Windows text editor
Wordpad to creat, modify, or list
contents of a file.
Running Programs
3-23
XY
Program XY can be used to compute midpoints, intersection points and
normal points of straight line and circular arc. The program is useful to
construct the block diagrams of the problem geometry. Refer to Section
9.3 for more information.
CARDS
Program CARDS is included to aid for users to prepare SMAP-2D input
cards. Currently, there is only one routine which generates Element
Activity in Card Group 8 in Section 4.4 Main File. Refer to Section 9.4 for
more information.
3.2.7 LOAD
LOAD is the pre-processing program which generates nodal values of
external forces, specified velocities, initial velocities, accelerations and
transmitting boundaries.
Before you prepare LOAD input data in this section, you should have a
Mesh File generated from PRESMAP/ADDRGN programs. That is, LOAD
input is referred to the geometric surfaces given in the Mesh File.
Generated LOAD output file contains load data which is compatible to the
format of Card Group 9 described in Section 4.4 Main File.
LOAD has one sub menu; LOAD-2D. LOAD-2D deals with two dimensional
meshes.
3-24
Running Programs
Running LOAD-2D
Before running, you prepare input file according to the LOAD-2D User0s
Manual in Section 10 and save in the working directory along with Mesh
File.
1. Select Run Load
Load-2D
Running Programs
3-25
3-26
Running Programs
3.3.1
PLTDS
Deformed shape
Before running PLTDS, you should have results from SMAP-2D mainprocessing program and Card Group 11 of Post File should contain some
plotting data. Otherwise, there will be no PLTDS plots.
Running Programs
3-27
Zoom
Hardcopy
Next
Stop
Stop plotting.
30% Increase
50% Increase
Draw has 5 sub menus: Point, Line, Arc, Text and Grid. You can add
these drawing items on the current plot. Drawing is influenced by sub
menu Draw-Style.
3-28
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-29
3-30
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-31
Node is used to find the node number. You can find the node number
which is close to the position where you press down the left mouse button.
Node number close to the mouse position will be listed on Message List
and Keyboard Input Window.
Element is used to find the element number. You can find the element
number which is close to the position where you press down the left
mouse button. Element number close to the mouse position will be listed
on Message List and Keyboard Input Window.
Child-Window has three sub menus;
Child Window Create, Child Window Overlay,
and Child Window Close.
3-32
Running Programs
Running PLTDS
1. You should have results from SMAP-2D main-processing program and
Card Group 11 of Post File should contain some plotting data.
Let0s assume that you have already executed SMAP-2D Example
Problem VP16.DAT. VP16.DAT includes some PLTDS plots in Card
Group 11.
2. Select PLTDS and click OK
button.
Running Programs
3.3.2
3-33
PLTXY
Before running PLTXY, you should have results from SMAP-2D mainprocessing program and Card Group 12 of Post File should contain some
plotting data. Otherwise, there will be no PLTXY plots.
PLTXY has 8 menus; File, Edit, View, Plot, Numeric-Character, ChildWindow, Window, and Help.
For description of File, Edit, View, and Window menus, refer to the
contents in Help menu.
Plot and Numeric-Character menus are described in the previous
Section 3.3.1.
3-34
Running Programs
Running PLTXY
1. You should have results from SMAP-2D main-processing program and
Card Group 12 of Post File should contain some plotting data.
Let0s assume that you have already executed SMAP-2D Example
Problem VP2.DAT. VP2.DAT includes some PLTXY plots in Card
Group 12.
2. Select PLTXY and click OK
button. Note that Skip MPLOT is
used for PLTXY. This check box
should not be checked for most
cases.
Running Programs
3.3.3
3-35
FEMAP
Mesh plot
Deformed shape
Before running FEMAP, you should have results from SMAP-2D mainprocessing program and Card Group 13 of Post File should contain some
plotting data. Otherwise, there will be no FEMAP plots.
FEMAP has 11 menus; File, Tools, Geometry, Model, Mesh, Modify, List,
Delete, Group, View, and Help.
Running FEMAP
1. You should have results from SMAP-2D main-processing program and
Card Group 13 of Post File should contain some plotting data. Let0s
assume that you have already executed SMAP-2D Example Problem
VP16.DAT. VP16.DAT includes some FEMAP plots in Card Group 13.
3-36
Running Programs
Note that
Running Programs
3-37
3-38
Running Programs
Running Programs
3.3.4
3-39
PLTDS-3D (Mesh Plot) is mainly used to plot the Mesh File in Section 4.3.
PLTDS-3D has 5 menus;
File, Scale, Reflesh,
Model, and Help along
with 16 toolbars.
3-40
Running Programs
Translation Toolbar
These buttons move the mesh to the left, right, up, and
down, respectively.
Rotation Toolbar
The first button changes direction of rotation. The
other three buttons rotate the mesh about X, Y, and Z
axes, respectively.
Zoom Toolbar
And the
Print Toolbar
This button is used to get the hardcopy of the current view.
Open Toolbar
This button activates the file open dialog box to open input file.
XYZ Toolbar
This button is used to locate the position of XYZ coordinate symbol.
Each time you click this button, the XYZ symbol moves
counterclockwise along the corners of rectangle. XYZ button is also
used to control the amount of movement, rotation, and zoom.
Number Toolbar
This button is used to show node numbers, element numbers, and
boundary codes. The description of numbers is listed at the bottom
of PLTDS-3D window.
Running Programs
Layout Toolbar
These buttons are used to show different layouts. The first
button divides the plot area into three parts; mesh, title, and
legend. The second button divides the plot area into two
parts; mesh and title.
Running PLTDS-3D
1. You should have the Mesh File which is compatible to the format
described in Section 4.3.
2. Select PLTDS-3D (Mesh Plot)
and click OK button.
3-41
3-42
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-43
Number
Number
Number
Number
of
of
of
of
Nodes
Continuum Elements
Beam Elements
Truss Elements
=
=
=
=
300
100
50
50
Full Version requires SMAP Key attached on the parallel port of your
computer.
Program Module contains four options. Standard (Debugging) uses
SMAP-2D main-processing program having debugging. This program
module runs slow but gives more detailed information when run time
errors occur. Standard (Nonoptimized) is the same as Standard
(Debugging) except it does not include debugging information. Standard
(Optimized) runs fast but it does not include debugging information. For
most cases, Standard (Optimized) is recommended. Extra Large
(Optimized) is designed to run large problems.
3-44
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-45
3-46
Running Programs
Running Programs
3-47
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\SMAP2D
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\PLTDS
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\PLTXY
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\FEMAP
C:\SMAP\CT\CTBAT\PLTDS3D
4-1
SMAP-2D
User0s Manual
4.1 Introduction
To run SMAP-2D main-processing program, you need to prepare a Project
File which contains Mesh File name, Main File name, and Post File name.
Mesh File contains nodal coordinates, boundary conditions, element
indexes and material property numbers. This Mesh File is normally
generated by PRESMAP programs.
Main File contains all the other data required for the two-dimensional
numerical analysis of static, consolidation, or dynamic problems.
Post File contains informations which are used to show graphically the
results from the main-processing program.
4-2
4-3
4-4
Mesh File
Card
Group
1
1.1
Project title
1.2
1.3
General Information
NCONT
NBEAM
NTRUSS
Card
Group
2
4-5
2.1
LABEL2B
2.2
Coordinate
NUMNP
Cards
NODE
Node Number
ISX
ISY
IFX
IFY
IRZ
4-6
Card
Group
2
Coordinate
2.2
Card
Group
3
3.1
LABEL3B
3.2
NCONT
NEL, I, J, K, L, M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 , MATC,
Cards
4-7
4-8
Card
Group
3
3.2
MATC
KS
=-1
=0
>0
Continuum Element
KF
=0
=1
INTR
INTS
TBJWL
4-9
4-10
I1 '
I2 '
For KS =1
Card
Group
4
4.1
LABEL4B
4.2
NBEAM
NEL,
Cards
I,
J,
MSEC,
NEL
NODEK
I, J
MSEC
NODEK
4-11
4-12
Card
Group
5
5.1
LABEL5B
5.2
NTRUSS + NEL,
Cards
* . -
I,
-
J,
-
MATT,
-
NODEK
NEL
I, J
MATT
NODEK
4-13
Analysis Type
Computational Parameters
Coordinate
Continuum Element
Beam Element
Truss Element
Element Activity
Loads
Requested Output
4-14
Card
Group
0
VERSION
VERSION
1.1
IBATCH
=0
=1
=2
1.2
LTITLE
LTITLE
1.3
LSUBTL
LSUBTL
4-15
Card
Group
2
2.1
NLNR
NGEN
Consolidation analysis
=3
=4
=5
=0
=1
Nonlinear material
=0
Small displacement
=1
NBAND =0
Analysis Type
Static analysis
=2
=1
NTEMP =0
=1
4-16
Card
Group
1
1.1
Project title
2.1
Thermal Property
2.2
MATNOi,
ALPHAi
MATNOi
ALPHAi
4-17
Card
Group
3
3.1
3.2
TIMEi
Time. TIMEi should be 0.0 for initial state.
If TIMEi = -1.0, end of data.
3.3
3.4
NELNO i,
MATNOi,
TEMPtopi, TEMPboti
NELNO I
Element number
If NELNO i =-1, end of Card 3.4.
MATNOi
TEMPtopi
TEMPboti
TIMEi
4-18
Card
Group
3
3.1
DT
NDTGROUP
Computational Parameters
MNEWRP= 0
=1
Newton-Raphson method
=-1
TOLER
IRANGE =0
=1
=2
4-19
Card
Group
3
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.2 .1
STIME, ITYPE
STIME
ITYPE =0
For Each Time Step Group
Computational Parameters
STIME=0.0.
Constant time step
=1
=2
If ITYPE=0
DT
DT
Time step
If ITYPE=1
DT1 , CLDT
DT1
CLDT
10
If ITYPE =2
NUMDT, DT1 , ..., DTNUMDT
NUMDT
4-20
Card
Group
3
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.4 .1
SFTIME, SLTIME
SFTIME
SLTIME
Computational Parameters
4-21
Card
Group
3
3.2
Computational Parameters
2 See Table 1
BETA
$ See Table 1
GAMA
( See Table 1
CQ
CL
AD
BD
RD
NTMODE
4-22
Card
Group
3
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
DTNEW,
Computational Parameters
DTNEW
4-23
1.0
1/12
1.0
Linear acceleration
1/6
1.0
1/4
1.0
Wilson
1/6
2.0
1/6
1.5
Fox-Goodwin
4-24
Card
Group
4
4.1
NUMNP
NUMNP
4.2
CMFAC, SCFP
CMFAC
Coordinate multiplication factor
(use CMFAC=1.0)
SCFP
Coordinate
JWL model.
Stress Unit
2
SCFP
kg/cm
98066.5
t/m2
9806.65
2
kg/m
Newton/cm2
9.807
bar
10000
100000
psi
6895
ksi
6.895 x 106
psf
47.88
MPa
1000000
4-25
Card
Group
4
4.4
4.4.1
NBNODE, NCLBCH
NBNODE
NCLBCH
Coordinates
4.4.2
NBNODE
Cards
4-26
Card
Group
4
4.5
4.5.1
NREPEAT
NREPEAT
4.5.2
+ NODER,
NREPEAT * -
* -
. -
Repeating Nodes
Cards
Coordinates
NODEP
NODER
Repeating node
NODE
Parent node
Note:
4-27
Card
Group
5
5.1
NCONT
NCONT
5.2
Axisymmetric element.
Continuum Element
=2
=3
NSPTC =0
=1
IEDOF
=0
=1
4-28
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.1
NTNC
NTNC
5.3.2 .1
TITLE
TITLE
5.3.2 .2
Continuum Element
POR, GW, G
POR
GW
5.3.2 .3
NF
NF =0
=1
4-29
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .3.1
BKG
SGG
BKF
SGF
NK =0
Isotropic permeability
=1
Fluid and Solid Grain Property
Continuum Element
RK1 FAC
Anisotropic permeability
Multiplication factor for RK1 , applied during
NGSTEP.
NPHNO
For NK=1
" xx , " yy , " zz, " xy , " xz, " yz
" ij
4-30
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .3.2
Constant permeability
Nonlinear permeability as a function of
porosity.
=2
Continuum Element
=3
RK1,RK2,RK3
NK =0
=1
RK1 FAC
Isotropic permeability
Anisotropic permeability
Multiplication factor for RK1 , applied during
NGSTEP.
NPHNO
For NK=1
" xx , " yy , " zz, " xy , " xz, " yz
" ij
4-31
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .3.2
Continuum Element
=1
BKG
SGG
CO
VO
PB
4-32
Table 2
NP
Permeability Constants
Equivalent Permeability
k (length/time)
Input Variables
2
RK2 = Not used.
RK3 = Ward's coeff. for turbulent
flow
RK1
RK2
RK3
see NP=1
see NP=1
see NP=2
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .3.2
Continuum Element
NW =0
=1
=2
BKF
SGF
SO
GAMMA
PAO
Not used
*
4-33
4-34
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4
Elastic Model
=2
=3
Mohr-Coulomb Model
=4
=5
=6
=7
Continuum Element
Model.
=8
=9
=10
Engineering Model
=11
Joint Model
=12
=14
=15
=16
=17
=18
DSRNMAX =0.0
>0.0
MAXCYCL
Ko
NEHNO
NRHNO
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.1
Continuum Element
E, <
E
Young's modulus
<
Poisson's ratio
4-35
4-36
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.2
Continuum Element
Young's modulus
<
Poisson's ratio
4-37
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.3
Continuum Element
N, c, K, T, STn, STs
E
Young's modulus
<
Poisson's ratio
Cohesion
Tensile strength
STn
STs
Note:
4-38
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.4
Continuum Element
Young's modulus
<
Poisson's ratio
Cohesion
T
STn
Tensile strength
Factor used to divide stiffness normal to tensile
crack.
STs
m,s
Fc
Note:
Intact
CSIR rating
= 100
NGI rating = 150
m =7
s = 1
10.0
1.0
15.0
1.0
3.5
0.1
5.0
0.1
Good Quality
CSIR rating
= 65
NGI rating = 10
0.7
0.004
Fair Quality
CSIR rating
= 44
NGI rating = 1
Poor Quality
CSIR rating
= 23
NGI rating = 0.1
Very Pool Quality
CSIR rating = 3
NGI rating = 0.01
Table 3
4-39
Rock Quality
Rock Type
17.0
1.0
25.0
1.0
7.5
0.1
8.5
0.1
12.5
0.1
1.0
0.004
1.5
0.004
1.7
0.004
2.5
0.004
0.14
0.001
0.20
0.0001
0.3
0.0001
0.34
0.0001
0.5
0.0001
0.04
0.00001
0.05
0.00001
0.08
0.0000
1
0.09
0.13
0.007
0.0
0.01
0.0
0.015
0.1
0.00001
0.00001
0.017
0.0
0.025
0.0
4-40
4-41
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.5
Continuum Element
E, <
E
Young's Modulus
<
Poisson's Ratio
No tension cut-off
Tension cut-off
Tensile strength
STn
STs
4-42
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.5
Continuum Element
4-43
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.5
Continuum Element
r=0.0
r=ri
4-44
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.5
Continuum Element
IBULK
=0
=1
ISHEAR =0
=1
NLPC Cards
Pi,BLi
P1 ,
BL1
P2 ,
BL2
Pn,
BLn
NUPC Cards
Pi,BUi
P1 ,
BU1
P2 ,
BU2
Pn,
Bun
4-45
Mean Pressure
4-46
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.6
Continuum Element
Not Available
4-47
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.7
Continuum Element
For MODELNO=7
(Single Hardening Elasto-Plastic Model) (Optional)
Precision Parameters
NDVMIN, NDVMAX, DEEMAX, NUNLOAD, NDRIFT
NDVMIN
Minimum number of plastic strain
subincrement
NDVMAX
Maximum number of plastic strain
subincrement
DEEMAX
Maximum plastic strain subincrement
NUNLOAD =0 Smooth initial unloading
=1 No smooth unloading
NDRIFT
=0 Drift correction
=1 No drift correction
Tensile Strength
APEX, ATMO
APEX
Tensile strength T
ATMO
Atmospheric pressure Pa
Elastic Constant
AKUR, AN, APOI
AKUR
Elastic Young's modulus constant Kur
AN
Elastic Young's modulus exponent n
APOI
Elastic Poisson's ratio <
Isotropic Hardening
NACRV, AACC(I), AAPC(I), ABRK(I)
I=1, NACRV
NACRV
Number of segments for isotropic
hardening function.
AACC
Isotropic hardening constant C
AAPC
Isotropic hardening constant P
ABRK
Break point in terms of Wp/Pa
4-48
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.7
For MODELNO=7
(Single Hardening Elasto-Plastic Model) (Optional)
Failure Constant
Skeleton Property for MODELNO =7 (Single Hardening Elasto-Plastic Model)
Continuum Element
AMY
Failure exponent m
AETA1
Failure constant 0 1
Yield Constant
AY1, AH, ALPHA
AY1
Yield constant R 1
AH
Yield constant h
ALPHA
Potential Constant
AY2, AMU
AY2
Potential constant R 2
AMU
Potential constant
Unload/Reload Constant
AHLAM, AHGAM, AHBET, APCO
AHLAM(8)
AHGAM(()
AHBET($)
APCO
4-49
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.8
Continuum Element
R1
R2
Ev
Detonation velocity
Bs
XL
4-50
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.9
Continuum Element
Preconsolidation pressure
Initial void ratio
PoissonNs ratio
Virgin compression index
Swelling/recompression index
Strength parameter
Initial elastic shear modulus at Pc.
When Go=0, shear modulus is computed
based on <.
No creep
=1
=2
=3
4-51
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2 .4.9
Continuum Element
C"
"
Note:
4-52
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.10
Continuum Element
NSTYPE =1
=2
ST1
Y1
S1
Slope (peak)
VM1
For NSTYPE=2
FSRATE
ST2, Y2, S2, VM2
FSRATE
ST2
Y2
S2
Slope (residual)
VM2
Loading Modulus
NLS
EBL(I), BKL(I), POL(I)
I=1, NLS
NLS
EBL(I)
BKL(I)
POL(I)
4-53
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.10
Continuum Element
i=1, NUS
NUS
PBU(I)
BKU(I)
POU(I)
Note:
4-54
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.11
Continuum Element
4-55
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.11
Continuum Element
4-56
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.12
For MODELNO=12
(Duncan and Chang Hyperbolic Model)
A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 , A5 , Rf
Skeleton Property for MODELNO =12 ( Duncan and Chang Hyperbolic Model)
Continuum Element
A1 = 1.0
A2 = 1000.
A3 = 6 sin N/(3-sinN)
A4 = 6 cos N C/(3-sinN) -1000.
A5 = 1.0
Rf = 0.7 ~ 0.9
Loading Bulk Modulus Definition
NLPC
NLPC
NLPC Cards
NUPC Cards
4-57
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.14
60 Cards
PROP (41)
PROP (42)
PROP (100)
PROP(41)-PROP(100)
Material constants
Continuum Element
2.
3.
4.
4-58
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.15
60 Cards
PROP (41)
PROP (42)
PROP (100)
PROP(41)-PROP(100)
Material constants
Continuum Element
2.
3.
4.
4-59
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.16
60 Cards
PROP (41)
PROP (42)
PROP (100)
PROP(41)-PROP(100)
Material constants
Continuum Element
2.
3.
4.
4-60
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.17
60 Cards
PROP (41)
PROP (42)
PROP (100)
PROP(41)-PROP(100)
Material constants
Continuum Element
2.
3.
4.
4-61
Card
Group
5
5.3
5.3.2.4.18
60 Cards
PROP (41)
PROP (42)
PROP (100)
PROP(41)-PROP(100)
Material constants
Continuum Element
2.
3.
4.
4-62
Card
Group
5
5.5
5.5.1
NSKEW
NSKEW
Skew Boundary
Continuum Element
boundary.
4-63
Card
Group
5
5.5
5.5.2
NEL
Element number
NDT
NDH
ISN
MSF =1
=2
=3
Skew Boundary
Continuum Element
4-64
Card
Group
5
5.6
5.6.1
IEFST
IEFST =0
=1
5.6.2
Initial Stress
Continuum Element
SYY
SZZ
SXY
Note:
5.6.3
IPOFP
IPOFP =0
=1
5.6.4
Card
Group
5
4-65
5.7
5.7.1
NUMEST
NUMEST
5.7.2 .1
Cards
Continuum Element
. - - - - - - - - - -
NEL
Element number
KP
KH
KD =0
=1
Px = a1 Py = a2
4-65a
Card
Group
5
5.7
5.7.2 .1
=2
=3
Pn2 = a2 at I2 N
=4
qX2 = a2 at I2 N
Continuum Element
qY1 = a1 at I1 N
=5
qY2 = a2 at I2 N
=6
=7
Note:
4-66
Triangular Element
KP
I1 '
I2 '
I1 '
I2 '
For KP=1
4-67
Card
Group
6
6.1
NBEAM
NBEAM
6.2
=3
Beam Element
NSPTB
=1
=2
=5
NBLT
=-3
=-5
=0
=1
NBSEC
Use NBSEC=1
NBSTR
Use NBSTR=1
NBSTN
Use NBSTN=1
4-68
Card
Group
6
6.3
6.3.1 .1
(Concrete property)
Ec, L c, N, C, K, T, STn, STs
EC
Young's modulus
Lc
Poisson's ratio
Cohesion
Beam Element
Tensile strength
STn
STs
Young's modulus
Ls
Poisson's ratio
Fs
6.3.1 .3
Young's modulus
Lr
Poisson's ratio
Fr
Card
Group
6
6.3
6.3.2 .1
NTNS
Beam Element
NTNS
4-69
4-70
Card
Group
6
6.3
6.3.2 .2.1
NEXF =0
=1
fibers.
Section Property Data
Beam Element
=2
NFSHR =0
=1
IHINGE =0
=1
No hinges
Hinge at left end
WL
NSTYPE
NLAYR
RHOL
4-71
Card
Group
6
6.3
6.3.2 .2.2
NSTYPE =1
=2
> Tc, W
=3
> T1 , T2 , W1 , W2
=4
=5
=6
=7
=8
=9
> Ts, W
Beam Element
=10 > T1 , T2 , W1 W2
4-72
NSTYPE =2
NSTYPE =3
NSTYPE =4
NSTYPE =5
Concrete section
Steel section
Reinforcing bar section
NSTYPE =6
NSTYPE =7
NSTYPE =8
NSTYPE =10
Concrete section
Steel section
Reinforcing bar section
4-73
4-74
NSTYPE =9
NSTYPE =11
NSTYPE =20
(Elastic material only)
A:
I:
Concrete section
Steel section
Reinforcing bar section
Card
Group
6
4-75
6.4
6.4.1 .1
NTNB
NTNB
6.4.1 .2.1
MATNO
Material number
MODELNO
NEHNO
Group 9.2.3
Material Property Data
Beam Element
4-76
Card
Group
6
6.4
6.4.1 .2.2
E
<
F
N
Material Property Data
Beam Element
If MODELNO =1
C
K
STn
STs
(Elastic Model)
E, <,
=2 (Von Mises Model)
E, <,
F
=3 (Mohr-Coulomb Model)
E, <,
N, C, K, T, STn, STs
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
Shear strength in the triaxial compression
Internal frictional angle (B )
Cohesion
The ratio of the shear strength in triaxial
extension to the shear strength in
triaxial compression at the same pressure
Tensile strength
Card
Group
6
6.4
6.4.2 .1
NTNS
NTNS
Beam Element
(Max=50)
4-77
4-78
Card
Group
6
6.4
6.4.2 .2.1
=1
=2
=1
IHINGE =0
For Each Section
Beam Element
fibers.
NFSHR =0
WL
YNA
No hinges
=1
=-1
=2
RHOL
4-79
Card
Group
6
6.4
6.4.2 .2.2
MATBMT
NLAYRT
For Each Section
Beam Element
MATBMM
NLAYRM
Note: NLAYRB+NLAYRM+NLAYRT # 45
4-80
Card
Group
6
6.4.2 .2.3
NFRBR
NFRBR
6.4.2 .2.4
Beam Element
MATBR
+
D1 ,
AS1
NFRBR
D2 ,
AS2
Cards
MATBR
As
4-81
Card
Group
7
7.1
NTRUSS
NTRUSS
7.2
NTRST
NTRST
Use NTRST=1
7.3
NTNT
Truss Element
NTNT
4-82
Card
Group
7
7.4
7.4.1
MATNO
MATNO
Material number
7.4.2
WL
RHO
Young's modulus
STRSI
Truss Element
E=0.0)
7.4.3
Yield stress
,f
ymax
4-83
Card
Group
8
8.1
NFAD
NFAD
Element Activity
8.2
NEL,
NAC, NDAC
NFAD
Cards
NEL
Element number
NAC
NDAC
4-84
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.1
NGSTEP
NGSTEP =0
>0
Note:
Gravity Load
Loads
9.1.2
NHFRX
NHFRY
4-84a
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.2 .1
Gravity Load
Loads
For Y < Y1
Ai = A0
For Y > Y2
Ai = A3
For other cases
Ai = A1 + (Y - Y1 ) * (A2 - A1 ) / (Y2 - Y1 )
9.1.2 .2
4-85
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.3
NUMDIS
NUMDIS
9.1.4
Specified Displacement
Loads
Node number.
IDOF =1
=2
=3
=4
LHNO
DINT
4-86
Card
Group
9
9.1
9.1.5 .1
NUMDTP
TDSTART
Starting time
TDFAC
Specified Displacement
Loads
9.1.5 .2
9.1.5 .3
4-87
Card
Group
9
9.2
9.2.1
NUMCON
NUMCON
9.2.2
Loads
load is applied
NODE, IDOF, LHNO, CINT
NODE
Node number
IDOF =1
=2
=3
=4
LHNO
CINT
4-88
Card
Group
9
9.2
9.2.3 .1
NTFNC, NUMCH
NTFNC =0
=1
NUMCH
9.2.3 .2
NUMCTP,
NUMCTP
Loads
DTXC
TCSTART
Starting time
TCFAC
9.2.3 .3
9.2.3 .4
4-89
Card
Group
9
9.2
9.2.3 .5
Loads
4-90
tr # t # (tr+to)
t > ( tr+to )
P(t) =0
a1
a2
a3
a4
=
=
=
=
Po
tr
to
n
a4 < t
P(t) =0
4-91
Card
Group
9
9.3
9.3.1
NUMVEL
NUMVEL
9.3.2
Specified Velocity
Loads
Node number
IDOF =1
=2
=3
=4
LHNO
VINT
9.3.3 .1
NTFNV, NUMVH
NTFNV =0
=1
NUMVH
4-92
Card
Group
9
9.3
9.3.3 .2
NVTYPE =0
=1
Specified Velocity
Loads
DTXV
TVSTART
Starting time
TVFAC
9.3.3 .3
9.3.3 .4
4-93
Card
Group
9
9.3
9.3.3 .5
=2
=3
Trigonometric velocity
Specified Velocity
Loads
4-94
tr # t # (tr+to)
t > (tr+to)
V(t) = 0
a1 = Vo
a2 = tr
a3 = to
a4 = n
a4 < t
V(t) =0
4-95
Card
Group
9
9.4
9.4.1
NINVEL
NINVEL
9.4.2
Initial Velocity
Loads
NODE
Node number
IDOF =1
=2
=3
=4
VEL
Initial velocity
4-96
Card
Group
9
9.5
9.5.1
NUMACC
NUMACC
9.5.2
Specified Acceleration
Loads
Node number
IDOF =1
=2
LHNO
AINT
Note:
9.5.3 .1
NTFNA, NUMAH
NTFNA =0
=1
NUMAH
4-97
Card
Group
9
9.5.3 .2
DTXA
TASTART
TAFAC
9.5.3 .3
Specified Acceleration
Loads
=1
4-98
tr # t # (tr+to)
t > (tr+to)
A(t) =0
a1 = Ao
a2 = tr
a3 = to
a4 = n
t > a4
A (t) = 0
4-99
Card
Group
9
9.6
9.6.1
NODVIS, NELVIS
NODVIS
NELVIS
Transmitting Boundary
Loads
VISC
Node number
Damping in x-direction
Damping in y-direction
Constant which is proportional to the force
on a given node (DCAc ), equal to impedence
times contributing area on the node.
C equals Cp for IDOF normal to the
transmitting boundary.
C equals Cs for IDOF parallel to the
transmitting boundary.
Cp and Cs are compressional and shear wave
speeds respectively.
9.6.3
4-100
Card
Group
10
10.1
NTPRNT
NTPRNT
10.2 .1
NHPEL
NHPEL
10.2 .2
Requested Output
NHPMT
NHPMT
10.3 .2
10.4 .1
NTIME
NTIME
10.4 .2
Time to be printed
4-101
Card Group 11 contains the input data for post-processing program PLTDS
which is used to plot the following snapshots in two dimension:
C
Deformed shape
Card Group 12 contains the input data for post-processing program PLTXY
which is used to plot the following time histories and snapshots:
C
4-102
Card Group 13 contains the input data for post-processing program FEMAP
which is used to plot the following snapshots in two and three dimensions:
C
Mesh plot
Deformed shape
PLTDS
Post-Processor
Card
Group
11
4-103
11.1
NPTYPE
NPTYPE =0
=1
=2
=3
Deformed shape
=4
strain.
=5
=6
4-104
Card
Group
11
11.2
11.2 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.2 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
Inch
=2
Cm
=3
User-specified unit
11.2 .3
LABEL
4-105
Card
Group
11
11.2 .4
IMODE
IMODE = 1
=-1
=2
=-2
=3
=-3
=4
11.2 .5
NGROUP
NGROUP =0
>0
11.2 .6
NSS
NEE
NIC
NNN
4-106
Card
Group
11
11.3
11.3 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.3 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
In, psi
=2
Cm, kg/cm2
=3
User-specified unit
11.3 .3
LABEL
NCHRC
LABELC
4-107
Card
Group
11
11.3 .4
NLTIME, TIMEREF
TIME1 , TIME2 , ..., TIMENLTIME
NLTIME
TIMEREF
Reference time
TIME
Specified time
11.3 .5
IAVG
ISCRIN
=0
=1
=0
=1
IMESH
=0
=1
Plot meshes
IPSTRS
=0
=1
4-108
Card
Group
11
11.3 .6
11.3 .7
NRL
NRL
11.3 .8
Card
Group
11
4-109
11.4
11.4 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.4 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
In
=2
Cm
=3
User-specified unit
11.4 .3
LABEL
displacement unit.
11.4 .4
NLTIME, TIMEREF
TIME1 , TIME2 , ..., TIMENLTIME
NLTIME
TIMEREF
Reference time
TIME
Specified time
4-110
Card
Group
11
11.4
11.4 .5
>
1, IDISP
NSR, JCR, NJR, ICR, NIR
>
2, IDISP
NPT
NODE1 , NODE2 , .., NODENPT
>
0, 0
Undeformed shape
=1
Deformed shape
=2
Displacement vector
JCR
NJR
ICR
NIR
NODE
Node number
Card
Group
11
4-111
11.5
11.5 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.5 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
In, psi
=2
Cm, kg/cm2
=3
User-specified unit
11.5 .3
LABEL
NCHRB
LABELB
4-112
Card
Group
11
11.5
11.5 .4
NLTIME, TIMEREF
TIMEREF
Reference time
TIME
Specified time
NBTS
NBTS =1
Bending moment
=2
Thrust
=3
Shear
=4
=5
=6
=7
11.5 .6
NBGROUP
NBGROUP
Card
Group
11
4-113
11.5
11.5 .7.1
NBLIST
NBLIST =0
=1
11.5 .7.2
(If NBLIST=0)
NFBEAM, NLBEAM
NFBEAM
NLBEAM
11.5 .7.3
(If NBLIST=1)
MBEAM
N1 , N2 , ..., NMBEAM
MBEAM
N1 , N2 , .., NMBEAM
11.5 .8
NRL
NRL
11.5 .9
4-114
Card
Group
11
11.6
11.6 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.6 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
In, pound
=2
Cm, kg
=3
User-specified unit
11.6 .3
LABEL
NCHRT
LABELT
Card
Group
11
4-115
11.6
11.6 .4
NLTIME, TIMEREF
TIME1 , TIME2 , ..., TIMENLTIME
NLTIME
TIMEREF
Reference time
TIME
Specified times
NTTS
NTTS =1
Axial force
=2
Axial stress
=3
Axial strain
11.6 .6
NTGROUP
NTGROUP
4-116
Card
Group
11
11.6 .7.1
NTLIST
NTLIST =0
=1
(If NTLIST=0)
NFTRUS, NLTRUS
NFTRUS
Starting truss element number
NLTRUS
Ending truss element number
11.6 .7.2
11.6 .7.3
(If NTLIST=1)
MTRUS
N1 , N2 , ..., NMTRUS
MTRUS
NRL
NRL
11.6 .9
4-117
Card
Group
11
11.7 .1
TITLE
TITLE
11.7 .2
IUNIT
IUNIT =1
In, pound
=2
Cm, kg
=3
User-specified unit
11.7 .3
LABEL
NCHRC
LABELC
11.7 .4
NLTIME, TIMEREF
TIME1 , TIME2 , ..., TIMENLTIME
NLTIME
TIMEREF
Reference time
TIME
Specified time
4-118
Card
Group
11.7
11
11.7 .5
NCTS
NCTS
11.7 .6
DELTA =-DELTA
IRES
IRGP
IENL
=0
Color-filled contour
=2
=0
Draft copy
=1
Fine copy
=0
=1
=0
Standard view
=2
=3
For IENL=2
Rx
For IENL=3
Ry
4-119
Card
Group
11
11.7 .7
NGROUP
NGROUP =0
>0
11.7 .8
NEE,
NIC, NNN
* -
. -
11.7 .9
NRL
NRL
11.7.10
4-120
NCTS
Legend
Description
STRESS-XX
Normal XX stress
(F x N)
STRESS-YY
Normal YY stress
(F y N)
STRESS-ZZ
Normal ZZ stress
(F zN)
STRESS-XY
Shear XY stress
(J xy )
STRESS-YZ
Shear YZ stress
(J yz )
STRESS-XZ
Shear XZ stress
(J xz )
PRESSURE
Mean pressure
(PN)
FLUID-PRES
Fluid pressure
(B )
10
TSTRESS-XX
(F x =F x N+B)
11
TSTRESS-YY
(F y =F y N+B)
12
TSTRESS-ZZ
(F z =F zN+B)
13
TPRESSURE
(P=PN+B)
14
D.STRES (Q)
Deviatoric stress
(Q =(3/%2)J oct)
15
STRAIN-XX
Normal XX strain
(, x )
16
STRAIN-YY
Normal YY strain
(, y )
17
STRAIN-ZZ
Normal ZZ strain
(, z )
18
STRAIN-XY
Shear XY strain
(( xy )
19
STRAIN-YZ
Shear YZ strain
(( yz )
20
STRAIN-XZ
Shear XZ strain
(( xz )
21
VOL-STRAIN
Volumetric strain
(, v )
22
GAMMA-OCT
23
TAU-OCT
24
SAFEFAC
25
YIELD-FLAG
Yield flag
26
STRESS-1
(F 1 N)
27
STRESS-2
(F 2 N)
28
STRESS-3
(F 3 N)
29
SAFEFAC
Figure PL-1
4-121
4-122
Yield Flag
Stress Status
Figure PL-2
F.S. =1
P > -T,
F.S. =qult / q
Figure PL-3
4-123
4-124
PLTXY
Post-Processor
Card
Group
12
4-125
12.1
IPTYPE
IPTYPE
=0
=1
=2
Displacement/velocity/acceleration/time
(time history)
=3
=4
(snapshot)
4-126
Card
Group
12
12.2
12.2 .1
IPLOT
IPLOT =0
=1
12.2 .2
NOEL
NOEL
12.2 .3
12.2 .4
NDPQ
NDPQ
Card
Group
12
4-127
12.2
12.2 .5
NDPQ
Cards
+
*
*
.
Kx1 ,
Kx2 ,
-
Kx ,Ky
Ky1
Ky2
Select from Table PL-2
12.2 .6
STFAC
SNFAC
12.2 .7
(50 characters)
X - LABEL
(50 characters)
Y - LABEL
(50 characters)
4-128
Card
Group
12
12.3
12.3 .1
IPLOT
IPLOT=0
=1
12.3 .2
NODE
NODE
12.3 .3
Card
Group
12
12.3
12.3 .4
NDPQ
NDPQ
12.3 .5
NDPQ
Cards
+
*
*
.
Kx , Ky
Kx1 , Ky1
Kx2 , Ky2
Select from Table PL-3
12.3 .6
SND
SNV
SNA
NC =0
No transfer
=1
=2
ANGLE
12.3 .7
(50 characters)
X-LABEL
(50 characters)
Y-LABEL
(50 characters)
4-129
4-130
Card
Group
12
12.4
12.4 .1
IPLOT
IPLOT=0
=1
12.4 .2
NOTM
NOTM
12.4 .3
12.4 .4
NDPQ
NDPQ
12.4 .5
Ky1
NDPQ *
Ky2
Cards *
Ky
Card
Group
12
4-131
12.4
12.4 .6
=0
Unscaled distance
=1
Scaled distance
=0
=1
XSTART
Note:
12.4 .7
>
1
NRL
N1 , N2 , NNRL
>
2
NSTAR, NINCR, NPONT
NRL
Number of elements
N1 ,N2 ,..,NNRL
Element numbers
NSTAR
NINCR
NPONT
Number of element
4-132
Card
Group
12
12.4
12.4 .8
STFAC
SNFAC
SDFAC
12.4 .9
(50 characters)
X-LABEL
(50 characters)
Y-LABEL
(50 characters)
Card
Group
12
4-133
12.5
12.5 .1
IPLOT
IPLOT =0
=1
12.5 .2
NOTM
NOTM
12.5 .3
12.5 .4
NDPQ
NDPQ
12.5 .5
NDPQ
Cards
Ky
+
*
*
.
Ky1
Ky2
Select from Table PL-5
4-134
Card
Group
12
12.5
12.5 .6
ILTNUM =0
=1
XSTART
Note:
Unscaled distance
Scaled distance
Do not list node numbers
List node numbers below X-axis
Reference starting X-coordinate
Card
Group
12.5
12
4-135
12.5 .7
Number of nodes
Node numbers
Starting node numbers
Node number increment
Number of nodes
12.5 .8
SNV
SNA
NC
No transfer
=1
=2
ANGLE
SDFAC
12.5 .9
4-136
Kx , Ky
Legend
Description
TIME
Time
STRESS-XX
Normal XX stress
(F x N)
STRESS-YY
Normal YY stress
(F y N)
STRESS-ZZ
Normal ZZ stress
(F zN)
STRESS-XY
Shear XY stress
(J xy )
STRESS-YZ
Shear YZ stress
(J yz)
STRESS-XZ
Shear XZ stress
(J xz)
PRESSURE
Mean pressure
(PN)
FLUID-PRES
Fluid pressure
(B )
10
TSTRESS-XX
(F x =F x N+B)
11
TSTRESS-YY
(F y =F y N+B)
12
TSTRESS-ZZ
(F z =F zN+B)
13
TPRESSURE
(P =PN+B)
(t)
14
D.STRES ( Q )
Deviatoric stress
(Q=(3/%2) J oct)
15
STRAIN-XX
Normal XX strain
(, x )
16
STRAIN-YY
Normal YY strain
(, y )
17
STRAIN-ZZ
Normal ZZ strain
(, z)
18
STRAIN-XY
Shear XY strain
(( xy )
19
STRAIN-YZ
Shear YZ strain
(( yz)
20
STRAIN-XZ
Shear XZ strain
(( xz)
21
VOL-STRAIN
Volumetric strain
(, v )
22
GAMMA-OCT
(( oct)
23
TAU-OCT
(J oct)
24
SAFEFAC
Table PL-2
Kx , Ky
4-137
Continued
Legend
Description
25
YIELD-FLAG
Yield flag
26
STRESS - 1
(F 1 N)
27
STRESS - 2
(F 2 N)
28
STRESS - 3
(F 3 N)
29
SAFEFAC
35
THRUST
Thrust
(Fx )
36
SHEAR-Y
Shear in y direction
(Fy )
40
MOMENT-Z
(Mz)
41
STRAIN-FT
(, ft)
42
STRESS-FT
(F ft)
43
STRAIN-RT
(, rt)
44
STRESS-RT
(F rt)
45
STRAIN-RB
(, rb)
46
STRESS-RB
(F rb)
47
STRAIN-FB
(, fb)
48
STRESS-FB
(F fb)
61
FORCE-XX
62
63
(Fx )
STRESS-XX
Axial stress
(F x )
STRAIN-XX
Axial strain
(, x )
4-138
Kx , Ky
Legend
Description
TIME
Time
(t)
X-DIS.
X-displacement
(ux )
Y-DIS.
Y-displacement
(uy )
Z-DIS.
Z-displacement
(uz)
X-VEL.
X-velocity
(ux )
Y-VEL.
Y-velocity
(uy )
Z-VEL.
Z-velocity
(uz)
X-ACC.
X-acceleration
(ux )
Y-ACC.
Y-acceleration
(uy )
10
Z-ACC.
Z-acceleration
(uz)
11
R.FL.X-DIS
12
R.FL.Y-DIS
13
R.FL.Z-DIS
14
R.FL.X-VEL
(wx )
15
R.FL.Y-VEL
(wy )
16
R.FL.Z-VEL
(wz)
17
R.FL.X-ACC
(wx )
18
R.FL.Y-ACC
(wy )
19
R.FL Z-ACC
(wz)
4-139
Ky
Legend
Description
Normal XX stress
(F x N)
STRESS-YY
Normal YY stress
(F y N)
STRESS-ZZ
Normal ZZ stress
(F zN)
STRESS-XY
Shear XY stress
(J xy )
STRESS-YZ
Shear YZ stress
(J yz)
STRESS-XZ
Shear XZ stress
(J xz)
PRESSURE
Mean pressure
(PN)
FLUID-PRES
Fluid pressure
(B)
10
TSTRESS-XX
(F x =F x N+B)
11
TSTRESS-YY
(F y =F y N+B)
12
TSTRESS-ZZ
(F z =F zN+B)
13
TPRESSURE
(P =PN+B)
14
D.STRES (Q)
Deviatoric stress
(Q =(3/%2) J oct)
15
STRAIN-XX
Normal XX strain
(, x )
16
STRAIN-YY
Normal YY strain
(, y )
17
STRAIN-ZZ
Normal ZZ strain
(, z)
18
STRAIN-XY
Shear XY strain
(( xy )
19
STRAIN-YZ
Shear YZ strain
(( yz)
20
STRAIN-XZ
Shear XZ strain
(( xz)
21
VOL-STRAIN
Volumetric strain
(, v )
22
GAMMA-OCT
23
TAU-OCT
25
YIELD-FLAG
Yield flag
26
STRESS-1
(F 1 N)
27
STRESS-2
(F 2 N)
28
STRESS-3
(F 3 N)
STRESS-XX
3
4
24
4-140
Table PL-4
Kx , Ky
Continued
Legend
Description
For Beam Element
35
THRUST
Thrust
(Fx )
36
SHEAR-Y
Shear in y direction
(Fy )
40
MOMENT-Z
(Mz)
41
STRAIN-FT
(, ft)
42
STRESS-FT
(F ft)
43
STRAIN-RT
(, rt)
44
STRESS-RT
(F rt)
45
STRAIN-RB
(, rb)
46
STRESS-RB
(F rb)
47
STRAIN-FB
(, fb)
48
STRESS-FB
(F fb)
FORCE-XX
Axial force
(Fx )
62
63
STRESS-XX
Axial stress
(F x )
STRAIN-XX
Axial strain
(, x )
Ky
Legend
Description
X-DIS
X-displacement
(ux )
Y-DIS
Y-displacement
(uy )
Z-DIS
Z-displacement
(uz )
X-VEL
X-velocity
(ux )
Y-VEL
Y-velocity
(uy )
Z-VEL
Z-velocity
(uz )
X-ACC
X-acceleration
(ux )
Y-ACC
Y-acceleration
(uy )
10
Z-ACC
Z-acceleration
(uz )
11
R.FL.X-DIS
12
R.FL.Y-DIS
13
R.FL.Z-DIS
14
R.FL.X-VEL
(wx )
15
R.FL.Y-VEL
(wy )
16
R.FL.Z-VEL
(wz)
17
R.FL.X-ACC
(wx )
18
R.FL.Y-ACC
(wy )
19
R.FL Z-ACC
(wz)
4-141
FEMAP
Post-Processor
Card
Group
13
4-143
IFEMAP, VERSION
IFEMAP = 0
=1
Postprocess by FEMAP
=-1
VERSION
13.2
13.2 .1
NDTIME
TIME1 , TIME2 , ..., TIMENDTIME
NDTIME
Output Data Selection
Note:
TIMEi
Specified time
13.2 .2
NDID
ID1 , ID2 , ..., IDNDID
NDID
IDi
4-144
Card
Group
13
13.3 .1
NDMODEL
NDMODEL
13.3 .2.1
MODELNO
MODELNO
Model number
13.3 .2.2
MDSTYLE
Model Specifications
MDSTYLE =0
Draw model
=1
Features
=2
=3
=4
Free edge
=5
Free face
---> 1
NRL
N1 , N2 , ..., NNRL
---> 2
NSTAR, NINCR, NTNEL
N1 , N2 , ..., NNRL
Element numbers
NSTAR
NINCR
NTNEL
Number of element
Card
Group
13
4-145
13.4 .1
=1
Mesh plot
=2
Deformed shape
=3
=4
(Not Avabilable)
=5
=6
=7
=8
=9
MODELNO
13.4 .2
TITLE
TITLE
4-146
ID
Description
Nodal displacement/velocity/acceleration
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Total displacement
X-displacement
Y-displacement
Z-displacement
Total velocity
X-velocity
Y-velocity
Z-velocity
Total acceleration
X-acceleration
Y-acceleration
Z-acceleration
Total relative fluid displacement
Relative fluid X-displacement
Relative fluid Y-displacement
Relative fluid Z-displacement
Total relative fluid velocity
Relative fluid X-velocity
Relative fluid Y-velocity
Relative fluid Z-velocity
Total relative fluid acceleration
Relative fluid X-acceleration
Relative fluid Y-acceleration
Relative fluid Z-acceleration
Continuum element stress/strain
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
Normal XX stress
Normal YY stress
Normal ZZ stress
Shear XY stress
Shear YZ stress
Shear XZ stress
Mean pressure
Fluid pressure
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
F x ')
F y ')
F z')
J xy )
J yz)
J xz)
p')
B)
ID
Description
Continuum element stress/strain
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
301
302
303
304
305
306
Thrust
Shear in member y direction
Shear in member z direction
Torque
Bending moment about y axis
Bending moment about z axis
4-147
4-148
ID
Description
Truss axial force/stress/strain
401
402
403
Axial force
Axial stress
Axial strain
Table PL-7
4-149
2. Select
Press
Read button
3. Open
4. Press
View Options
2. Select
3. Select
4. Select
Do not check
5. Select
Draw Entity
Element from Options
Check
Draw Entity
Select
No Labels
6. Press
4-150
Table PL-7
Select
View Select
2.
Select
3.
Check
4.
Press
OK button
View Options
2.
Select
3. Select
Check
Adjust Length
Select
4. Press
5-1
PRESMAP
User's Manual
5.1 Introduction
PRESMAP programs are mainly used to model the geometry of the
structures to be analyzed. Mesh File described in Section 4.3 can be
created using PRESMAP programs.
There are three PRESMAP programs provided in this manual;
PRESMAP-2D, NATM-2D and PRESMAP-GP.
PRESMAP-2D includes Model 1, 2, 3, and 4. Model 1 is basic preprocessor which can be applied to model various types of problem
geometry. Model 2 is the special pre-processor developed to model nearfields around underground openings such as tunnels, culverts, etc. Model
3 is the special pre-processor developed to model triangular and
rectangular shape geometry. Model 4 is the useful pre-processor to
generate layered embankments having slope.
NATM-2D is the special pre-processing program developed to generate
automatically two-dimensional finite element meshes and boundary
conditions for NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) tunnels.
PRESMAP-GP is the general purpose pre-processing program which can
be used to generate coordinates, element indexes and boundary codes for
truss, beam, shell or continuum elements. Users can select rectangular,
spherical or cylindrical coordinate for interpolation.
PRESMAP-2D
Model 1
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
5-3
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
IP =0
1.2
IP
=1
Axisymmetry
1.3
General Information
Number of blocks
NBNODE
NSNEL
CMFAC
1.4
NBY
MIDX =0
=1
MIDY =0
NF
=1
=0
=1
5-4
Card
Group
2.1
Block Coordinate
NODE1 ,
X1 ,
Y1
NBNODE
NODE2 ,
X2 ,
Y2
Cards
NODE
Node number
X-coordinate
Y-coordinate
Card
Group
3
3.1
BLNAME
BLNAME
3.2
IBLNO
IBLNO
Block number
3.3
I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 , M5 , M6 , M7 , M8 , M9
M9
3.4
IB3 ,
IB4 ,
IB5 ,
IB6 ,
IB7 ,
IB8
3.5
MATNO,
NDX,
MATNO
NDY,
KS,
KF
NDX
NDY
KS =0
KF
=1
No solid phase
=0
=1
No fluid phase
5-5
5-6
Card
Group
3
3.6
NFSIDE
NFSIDE
3.7.1
LHNO
IBF
=0
No applied force
=1
=2
Horizontal force
=3
Vertical force
=4
3.7.2
IBF =1
=2
=3
=4
>
>
>
>
IDIR =1
=2
qn1 ,qn2
qh1 ,qh2
qv1 ,qv2
IDIRn,
IDIRh,
IDIRv ,
IDIRh,
IDIRv ,
qn1 ,
qh1 ,
qv1 ,
qh1 ,
qv1 ,
qn2
qh2
qv2
qh2
qv2
NBLOCK=4,
5-7
NBNODE=22
For Block
I1 = 18
I2 = 9
I3 = 11
I4 = 20
M9 = 15
Number 3
M5 = 14
M6 = 10
M7 = 16
M8 = 19
5-8
NBX
NBY
=3
=2
MIDX = 1
MIDY = 0
6 Node Element
NF = 0 ( Element and node
numbers generated from top to
bottom and left to right )
NSNODE = 1
Q Element Number
NBX
NBY
=2
=2
MIDX
MIDY
=1
=1
8 Node Element
Figure 5.2
5-9
Boundary Codes
IBASE or IB
ISX
ISY
IFX
IFY
10
11
12
13
14
15
ISX
ISY
IFX
IFY
Figure 5.3
Boundary Codes
5-10
IBF =1
=2
Horizontal force
=3
Vertical force
=4
Horizontal/Vertical force
Figure 5.4
PRESMAP-2D
Model 2
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
5-11
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
IP
IP =0
=1
1.3
General Information
NSNODE
NF =0
=1
1.4
Number of subregions
NDRF
NDRS
NDRT
DRF
DRS
5-12
Card
Group
2
2.1
SUBNAME
SUBNAME
2.2
ISUBNO
ISUBNO
Subregion number
2.3
=1
LSFTYPE =0
=1
NSEG
Card
Group
2
2.4
2.4.1
XA , YA
XB , YB
2.4.2
R, XO , YO , 2 A , 2 B
For LSFTYPE1=1
For LSFTYPE= 0
XA , YA , XB , YB
Radius of arc AB
XO , YO
2 A, 2 B
5-13
5-14
Card
Group
2
2.5
2.5.1 .1
For ISBTYPE=0
=1
XC is specified
=2
YC is specified
=3
DRTC is specified
=0
=1
=2
=3
2.5.1 .2
If LCTYPE
>
>
>
>
XC, YC
XC
YC
DRTC
XC, YC
DRTC
2.5.2 .1
LDTYPE
LDTYPE
Point D
Point C
LCTYPE
LCTYPE =0
=0
=1
XD is specified
=2
YD is specified
=3
DRTD is specified
2.5.2 .2
If LDTYPE =0
=1
=2
=3
>
>
>
>
XD , YD
XD
YD
DRTD
XD ,YD
DRTD
Card
Group
2
2.5
2.5.3
For ISBTYPE =1
XC, YC, XD , YD
XC, YC
XD , YD
5-15
5-16
Card
Group
2
2.6
2.7
KS1 , KF1
MATNO2
KS2 , KF2
MATNO3
KS3 , KF3
Note:
2.8
NFSIDE
NFSIDE
Card
Group
2
5-17
2.9
2.9.1
LHNO
IBF =0
No applied force
=1
=2
Horizontal force
=3
Vertical force
=4
2.9.2
IBF =1
-->
=2
-->
=3
-->
=4
-->
IDIR =1
=2
qn1 ,qn2
qh1 ,qh2
qv1 ,qv2
5-18
In Subregion 2,
First block =4
Second block=5
Third block =6
Figure 5.6
5-19
5-20
Figure 5.7
5-21
IEDGE =1
AC:
IEDGE =2
CD: IEDGE =3
BD:
IEDGE =4
Figure 5.8
=2
Horizontal force
=3
Vertical force
=4
Horizontal/Vertical force
PRESMAP-2D
Model 3
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
General Information
IP
Plane geometry
=1
Axisymmetry geometry
1.3
Number of blocks
NBNODE
NSNEL
NSNODE
CMFAC
2.1
Block Coordinates
IP =0
NODE1 ,
X1 ,
Y1
NBNODE
NODE2 ,
X2 ,
Y2
Cards
NODE
Node number
X-coordinate
Y-coordinate
5-23
5-24
Card
Group
3
3.1
Block number
IBLTYPE
Block type
MATNO
Material number
KS =0
=1
KF =0
=1
No solid phase
Has fluid phase
No fluid phase
Card
Group
3
3.2
For IBLTYPE=1,
I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 ,
M5 , M6 , M7 , M8
Corner node number of a block
5-25
5-26
Card
Group
3
For IBLTYPE=2,
I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 ,
M5 , M6 , M7 ,
M8 , M9 , M10,
M11, M12, M13,
M14, M15, M16
Corner node number of a block
M5 ,M6 ,,M16
Card
Group
3
For IBLTYPE=3,
I1 , I2 , I3 ,
M4 , M5 , M6
I1 , I2 , I3
M4 , M5 , M6
Note:
5-27
5-28
Card
Group
3
For IBLTYPE=4,
I1 , I2 , I3 ,
M4 M5 , M6 ,
M7 , M8 , M9 ,
M10 M11, M12
Corner node number of a block
Side node number of a block
I1 , I2 , I3
M4 , M5 , , M12
Note:
Figure 5.9
5-29
PRESMAP-2D
Model 4
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
General Information
1.2
ITRANGL =0
=1
1.3
NSNODE
CMFAC
2.1
Block Coordinates
XB3
5-31
5-32
Card
Group
3
3.1
MATNO, KS, KF
MATNO
Material number
KS =0
=1
KF =0
Material Parameters
=1
No solid phase
Has fluid phase
No fluid phase
Figure 5.10
5-33
NATM-2D
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
5-35
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
IUNIT
IUNIT
Length
1
2
Force
in
lb
ton
Pressure
Unit Weight
lb/in3
lb/in
ton/m
ton/m3
1.3
General Information
IGEN
=1
=2
=3
=4
=0
=1
Generate core
=2
Generate surrounding
IEXMESH =0
=1
5-36
Card
Group
2
2.1
Tunnel depth
HL
WP
DX
DY
NY
Card
Group
3
3.1
NLAYER
NLAYER
3.2
NLAYER
Cards
LAYERNO1 ,
H1 ,
KF1
LAYERNO2 ,
H2 ,
KF2
LAYERNO
KF =0
=1
No fluid phase
5-37
5-38
Card
Group
4
4.1
Tunnel Dimension (Repeat this card group for the left tunnel when MODEL=4)
R1 , A1 , R2 , A2 , R3 , A3 , R4 , GR, GA
R1 , R2 , R3 , R4
A1 , A2 , A3
GR
GA
4.2
INVSHOT, TS , Tl
INVSHOT =0
=1
No shotcrete at invert
Shotcrete at invert
Note: For A1 +A2 > 90, invert shotcrtete is
always included.
TS
Thickness of shotcrete
Tl
Thickness of lining
4.3
LRB
LSPACING
TSPACING
NSRB
Card
Group
5
5-39
5.1
DGW
No external load
=1
=2
=3
surface
GAMAW
HPRES
VPRES
SUBGK
5-40
Figure 5.11
5-41
Figure 5.11
5-42
Figure 5.12
Figure 5.12
5-43
PRESMAP-GP
User's Manual
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
General Information
Number of blocks
NBNODE
NSNODE
NSNEL
ISMAP =1
=2
CMFAC
Note:
2.1
Block Coordinate
NODE1 ,
X1 ,
Y1 ,
Z1
NBNODE
NODE2 ,
X2 ,
Y2 ,
Z2
Cards
NODE
Node number
X-coordinate
Y-coordinate
Z-coordinate
5-45
5-46
Card
Group
3
3.0
IBETYPE
IBETYPE = 1
=2
=-2
5-47
Card
Group
3
3.1
BLNAME
BLNAME
3.2
ICOORD =1
IMODE
=2
=3
=0
=1
ILINE
=0
=1
5-48
Card
Group
3
3.3
Data for Each Line Element Block [ IBETYPE =1] See Figure 5.13
I1 , I2 , M3 , M4
M5
M5 , M6 , M7
I1 - I2
M3
M4
For ICOORD=2
M5
For ICOORD=3
M5
M6
M7
5-49
Card
Group
3
3.4
3.4.1
NBOUND
NBOUND
3.4.2
NBOUND
Cards
IBTYPE =1
=2
Node I1
=3
Node I2
=4
Node M4
ISX
Skeleton X DOF
ISY
Skeleton Y DOF
ISZ
Skeleton Z DOF
IFX
IFY
IFZ
IRX
IRY
IRZ
=1
5-50
Card
Group
3
3.5
MATNO, NDX
MATNO
NDX
5-51
Card
Group
3
3.1
BLNAME
BLNAME
3.2
IMODE
=2
=3
=0
=1
ILAG
=0
Serendipity interpolation
=1
Lagrangian interpolation
=2
5-52
Card
Group
3
3.3
+ I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 , M5 , M6, M7 , M8, M9
I1 - I4
M5 - M8
M9
For IMODE=1
M10
M11
M13
M14
For ICOORD=2
M15
For ICOORD=3
M15
M16
M17
5-53
Card
Group
3
3.4
3.4.1
NBOUND
NBOUND
3.4.2
NBOUND
Cards
IBTYPE =1
=2
=3
=4
=5
=6
=7
Node I2
=8
Node I3
=9
Node I4
Node I1
ISX
Skeleton X DOF
ISY
Skeleton Y DOF
ISZ
Skeleton Z DOF
IFX
IFY
IFZ
IRX
IRY
IRZ
=1
5-54
Card
Group
3
3.5
KS, KF
MATNO
NDX
NDY
NT
MATi
THICK
Thickness of element.
For plane strain, use THICK=1.0
DENSITY
KS =-1
=0
>0
=0
=1
Card
5-55
Group
3
3.5
NSEG
NSEG
ALPA1 ,
NDIV1
Cards
ALPA2 ,
NDIV2
NSEG
Number of segments
ALPA
NDIV
Note:
2.
IMOD =0
=2
Curved edge
Straight edge
3.
4.
NDX=NDY=NDXY=G NDIVi
5-56
Card
Group
3
3.1
BLNAME
BLNAME
3.2
IMODE
=2
=3
=0
=1
ILAG
=0
Serendipity interpolation
=1
Lagrangian interpolation
=2
5-57
Card
Group
3
3.3
Data for Each Triangular Surface Element Block [IBETYPE = -2] See Figure 5.14
+ I1 , I2 , I3 , M4 , M5, M6 , M7
* M8 , M9, M10 , M11
* M12
I1 -I3
M4 -M6
M7
For IMODE=1
M8
M9
M10
M11
For ICOORD=2
M12
For ICOORD=3
M12
M13
M14
5-58
Card
Group
3
3.4
3.4.1
NBOUND
NBOUND
3.4.2
NBOUND
Cards
IBTYPE =1
=2
=3
=4
=5
=6
=7
ISX
ISY
ISZ
IFX
IFY
IFZ
IRX
IRY
IRZ
Card
Group
3
3.5
MATNO, NDXY
THICK, DENSITY (only for ISMAP=1)
KS, KF
MATNO
NDXY
THICK
Thickness of element.
DENSITY
KS =-1
=0
>0
KF
=0
=1
5-59
5-60
Card
Group
3
3.5
NSEG
NSEG
ALPA1 ,
NDIV1
Cards
ALPA2 ,
NDIV2
NSEG
Number of segments
ALPA
NDIV
Note:
2.
IMOD =0
=2
Curved edge
Straight edge
3.
4.
5-61
Note:
Mesh Control Data on File DV-GP.DAT
To control mesh generation, users can change the values in file
DV-GP.DAT in the directory C:\SMAP\CT\CTDATA.
1.
2.
3.
4.
For the spherical block having the angle of longitude greater than 180
and for the cylindrical block occupying more than two quadrants, the
block node numbers referring to the origin should be prefixed by
negative sign.
5.
SDTOL = 0.001
SDZERO = 0.001
CDCLOSE = 359.1
CDTOL = 0.001
CDZERO = 0.001
5-62
Figure 5.13
Figure 5.14
5-63
Group
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
General Information
1.2
MODEL, NSNEL, NSNODE
(see Figure 1)
MODEL = 1 Quarter Section
= 2 Half Section
= 3 Full Section
NSNEL
NSNODE
2.1
R, FINEMESH, NEARMESH, NDIV, BH, BV
Geometry
FINEMESH
= 0 Coarse Mesh
= 1 Fine Mesh
NEARMESH
NDIV
BH, BV
Card
Group
3.1
COREMAT2
COREMAT2j
JOINTMAT
NEARMAT
Material No
NEARMAT
and
JOINTMAT,
respectively
When
6-1
ADDRGN
User's Manual
6.1 Introduction
ADDRGN is the pre-processing program which has the following two basic
functions:
C
Though the program ADDRGN combines only two regions at a time, users
can apply ADDRGN many times to assemble all the different regions.
6-2
Change coordinates
Cut elements
ADDRGN
User0s Manual
Card
Group
1
6-3
1.1
IMOD
IMOD =0
=1
=2
2.1
FILEA
FILEB
FILEC
FILEA
FILEB
FILEC
INTERFACE
INTERFACE = 0
=1
2.3
NODAi
NODBi
Note:
6-4
Card
Group
3
3.1
FILEA
FILEM
FILEA
FILEM
3.2
NSNEL, NSNODE
NSNEL
NSNODE
3.3
IEDIT
IEDIT =0
Change coordinates
=1
=2
Cut elements
=3
=4
Card
Group
3
3.3.1 .1
Reference origin
XoNew , YoNew
New origin
3.3.1 .2
Xscale , Yscale
Note:
Changing Coordinates (IEDIT = 0)
Xscale , Yscale
6-5
6-6
Card
Group
3
3.3.2 .1
IRANGE
IRANGE
=0
=1
3.3.2 .2.1
Xend, Yend
3.3.2 .2.2
NODi
Node number
3.3.2 .3
INSIDE
INSIDE =0
=1
3.3.2 .4
IRZ
=1
Card
Group
3
3.3.3 .1
IRANGE
IRANGE
=0
=1
3.3.3 .2.1
Xend, Yend
3.3.3 .2.2
NELi
Element number
3.3.3 .3
INSIDE
INSIDE =0
=1
6-7
6-8
Card
Group
3
3.3.4
IRANGE
IRANGE
=0
=1
3.3.4 .1
Xend, Yend
3.3.4 .2
NELi
Element number
3.3.4 .3
INSIDE
INSIDE =0
=1
3.3.4 .4
MATB
MATT
Note:
Card
Group
3
6-9
3.3.5
3.3.5 .1
NODE
NOD1 , NOD2 , ..., NODNODE
NODE
NODi
3.3.5 .2
NOEL
NEL1 , NEL2 , ..., NELNOEL
NOEL
NELi
3.3.5 .3
IBOUND
IBOUND =0
=1
Do not apply
Nodal coordinates outside of rectangle
are not movable.
Coordinates of rectangle
3.3.5 .4
NGROUP
XREF, YREF
NGROUP
XREF, YREF
6-10
Card
Group
3.3.5 .4.1
MTYPE
MTYPE = 1
=-1
= 2
Generate lines
=-2
= 3
loop.
=-3
6-11
Card
Group
3.3.5 .4.1
MATNO
=0
=1
MATNOJT
KFJT
=0
=1
THICJT
LTP
For Each Curve Group
KF
Do not generate
=2
=3
LMAT
LTPI, LMATI
LTPo, LMATo
6-12
Card
Group
3
3.3.5 .4.2
Point
numbering is counter-clockwise.
=1
IREF
=0
Do not apply.
=1
MOVE =0
XLO,YLO
NP1 , X1 , Y1
NPOINT
NP2 , X2 , Y2
Cards
NP
Point number
X-coordinate
Y-coordinate
6-13
Card
Group
3
3.3.5 .4.3
NSEGMENT
NSEGMENT
Number of segments.
If NSEGMENT is equal to NPOINT,
the generated curve is closed loop.
If NSEGMENT is less than NPOINT,
3.3.5 .4.3.1
Segment number
LTYPE =1
Straight line
=2
Elliptical line
NDIV
For Each Curve Group
Number of divisions.
Use NIDV=0 for default divisions.
Use negative value to consider
intermediate points as line path
only.
IEND = 0
Do not include.
=-1
=1
=2
=3
For LTYPE = 2
XO , YO , RX , RY , 2 b, 2 e
RX , RY
XO , YO
2 b,
2e
6-14
Card
Group
4
4.1
NBX, NBY
NBX
NBY
4.2
XO , YO
XO , YO
4.3
NBX *
Cards *
.
Wi
)xi
" Xi
)X1 ,
)X2 ,
-
W1 ,
W2 ,
-
" X1
" X2
-
= 0.5
= 0.3
=-0.3
4.4
NBY +
Cards *
.
H1 ,
H2 ,
-
)Y1 ,
)Y2 ,
-
" Y1
" Y2
-
Hi
)Yi
" Y = 0.5
= 0.3
=-0.3
4.5
IGMOD
IGMOD =0
=1
Do not modify
Modify generated base mesh
If IGMOD=1, go to Card 3.1.
Figure 6.1
6-15
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
7-1
FEMAP - SMAP
Conversion
7.1 Introduction
PRESMAP programs described in Section 5 generate Mesh Files which
contain the geometric information of structures to be analyzed. The
format of SMAP-2D Mesh File is presented in detail in Section 4.3.
Such Mesh Files can also be created by using FEMAP program which is
developed by EDS.
In this section, we will briefly discuss Mesh File conversion under FEMAP
menu:
C
FEMAP SMAP
SMAP FEMAP
SMAP OTHER
7.2 FEMAP
FEMAP is a finite element modeling and post-processing program
developed by EDS. Refer to FEMAP User0s Guide to create two or three
dimensional finite element meshes.
FEMAP sub menu is provided for you to access directly FEMAP program.
The finite element meshes created by FEMAP can be converted to SMAP
mesh files as it will be described in Section 7.3.
7-2
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
Using FEMAP, you can view SMAP mesh files as it will be described in
Section 7.4.
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
7-3
4. Select
DONE APPLY
7-4
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
Beam element
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
7-5
7-6
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
7-7
7-8
FEMAP-SMAP Conversion
PLOTMESH
8-1
PLOTMESH
8.1 Introduction
PLOTMESH is mainly used to plot Mesh Files described in Section 4.3.
Mesh Files are normally generated by PRESMAP programs described in
Section 5.
PLOTMESH menu has one sub menu: Mesh-2D. Mesh-2D is to plot two
dimensional Mesh Files.
8.2 Mesh-2D
Mesh-2D is designed to plot two dimensional Mesh Files which are
normally generated from PRESMAP-2D, NATM-2D, or PRESMAP-GP preprocessing programs.
8-2
PLOTMESH
PLOTMESH
8-3
Supplement Programs
9-1
Supplement Program
9.1 Introduction
Supplement programs contain supporting programs which are useful to
prepare input data for pre- and main-processing programs.
Currently, there are three programs available:
EDIT, XY, and CARDS.
EDIT is used to run text editor.
XY computes coordinates of mid points, cross points, or normal points.
CARDS generates Element Activity data in Card Group 8 in Section 4.4
Main File.
9.2 Edit
EDIT uses Windows text editor Wordpad to creat, modify, or list contents
of a file.
9.3 XY
Program XY can be used to compute midpoints, intersection points and
normal points of straight line and circular arc. The program is useful to
construct the block diagrams of the problem geometry.
To run program XY, simply select XY from SUPPLEMENT Menu and follow
instructions shown on the screen.
9-2
Supplement Programs
NF=1
Ex.
NDIV = 3
ALPHA = 0.5
INPUT
XA,
YA,
NDIV,
XB,
YB
ALPHA
= Number of division
Supplement Programs
NF =2
INPUT
R,
XO ,
NDIV,
R
TA,
TB
ALPHA
XO ,YO
=
=
TA,TB
NDIV
Number of division
ALPHA =
Note:
YO ,
Radius
Geometric ratio
midpoint is close to A
midpoint is close to B
9-3
9-4
Supplement Programs
NF =3
INPUT
XA,
YA,
XB,
YB
XC,
YC, XD,
YD
XA,YA =
X and Y coordinates of A
XB,YB =
X and Y coordinates of B
XC,YC =
X and Y coordinates of C
XD,YD =
X and Y coordinates of D
Supplement Programs
NF=4
9-5
INPUT
R,
XA,
XO ,
YA,
YO
XB,
YB
Radius
XO ,YO =
XA,YA =
XB,YB =
9-6
Supplement Programs
NF =5
INPUT
XA,
YA,
AC,
CD
XB,
YB
XA,YA =
X and Y coordinates of A
XB,YB =
X and Y coordinates of B
AC
CD
Supplement Programs
NF=6
INPUT
R,
XO ,
TAC,
R
YO ,
TA
CD
Radius
XO ,YO =
TA
Angle (degree) of A
TAC
CD
9-7
9-8
Supplement Programs
9.4 CARDS
Program CARDS is included to aid for users to prepare SMAP-2D input
cards. Currently, there is only one routine which generates Element
Activity in Card Group 8 in Section 4.4 Main File.
You are asked to type in following input data to generate element activity
and deactivity;
NEL (start)
NEL(end)
NAC
NDAC
NEL(start)
NEL(end)
NAC
where
Generated element activity data will be written in the output file you
specified.
10-1
LOAD
User's Manual
10.1 Introduction
LOAD is the pre-processing program which generates nodal values of
external forces, specified velocities, initial velocities, accelerations and
transmitting boundaries.
Before you prepare LOAD input data in this section, you should have a
Mesh File generated from PRESMAP/ADDRGN programs. That is, LOAD
input is referred to the geometric surfaces given in the Mesh File.
Generated LOAD output file contains load data which is compatible to the
format of Card Group 9 described in Section 4.4 Main File.
LOAD-2D deals with two dimensional meshes.
LOAD-2D
LDTYPE=1 [Pressure]
10-4
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
NCTYPE
NCTYPE =0
Axisymmetric element
(y-axis is axis of symmetry)
=1
=2
=3
2.1
NUMLS
NUMLS
2.2
2.2.1
LSNO
Loading surface number
2.2.2
Loading Surface
LSNO
NUMNODE
NUMNODE
2.2.3
Specified node
Card
Group
3
10-5
3.1
NUMLP
NUMLP
3.2
3.2.1
LPNO
LPNO
3.2.2
Pressure Function
axi
3.2.3
3.2.4
10-6
Card
Group
4
4.1
NUMLH
NUMLH
4.2
4.2.1
LHNO
LHNO
4.2.2
NUMTP
NUMTP
T1 , T2 , ..., TNUMTP
For Each Pressure History
Pressure History
4.2.3
Ti
Specified time
4.2.4
C1 , C2 , ..., CNUMTP
Ci
Card
Group
5
10-7
5.1
LPNO
LHNO
Pressure Specification
LOAD-2D
LDTYPE=2 [Velocity]
Card
Group
1
10-9
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
NCTYPE
NCTYPE =0
Axisymmetric element
(y-axis is axis of symmetry)
=1
=2
=3
2.1
NUMLS
NUMLS
2.2
2.2.1
LSNO
Loading Surface
LSNO
2.2.2
NUMNODE
NUMNODE
2.2.3
Specified node
10-10
Card
Group
3
3.1
NUMLV
NUMLV
3.2
3.2.1
LVNO
LVNO
3.2.2
Velocity Function
3.2.4
10-11
Card
Group
4.1
NUMLH
NUMLH
4.2.1
LHNO
LHNO
4.2.2
NUMTP
Velocity History
NUMTP
Number of time points (Max=1000)
4.2.3
T1 , T2 , ..., TNUMTP
Ti
Specified time
4.2.4
C1 , C2 , ..., CNUMTP
Ci
10-12
Card
Group
5
5.1
LVNO
LHNO
Velocity Specification
LOAD-2D
LDTYPE=3 [Initial Velocity]
10-14
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
NCTYPE
NCTYPE =0
Axisymmetric element
(y-axis is axis of symmetry)
=1
=2
=3
2.1
NUMLS
NUMLS
2.2
2.2.1
LSNO
Loading Surface
LSNO
2.2.2
NUMNODE
NUMNODE
surface
(Max=9990)
2.2.3
Specified node
Card
Group
3
10-15
3.1
NUMLIV
NUMLIV
3.2
3.2.1
LIVNO
LIVNO
3.2.2
axi
3.2.3
3.2.4
10-16
Card
Group
4
4.1
LSNO, LIVNO
LSNO
LIVNO
LOAD-2D
LDTYPE=4 [Acceleration]
10-18
Card
Group
1
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
NCTYPE
NCTYPE =0
Axisymmetric element
(y-axis is axis of symmetry)
=1
=2
=3
2.1
NUMLS
NUMLS
2.2
2.2.1
LSNO
Loading Surface
LSNO
2.2.2
NUMNODE
NUMNODE
2.2.3
Specified node
Card
Group
3
10-19
3.1
NUMLA
NUMLA
3.2
3.2.1
LANO
LANO
3.2.2
Acceleration Function
x-direction.
Ax = axo + axx x + axy y
3.2.3
3.2.4
10-20
Card
Group
4
4.1
NUMLH
NUMLH
4.1
4.2.1
LHNO
LHNO
4.2.2
NUMTP
Number of time points (Max=1000)
4.2.3
T1 , T2 , ..., TNUMTP
For Each Acceleration History
Acceleration History
NUMTP
Ti
Specified time
4.2.4
C1 , C2 , ..., CNUMTP
Ci
Card
Group
5
10-21
5.1
LANO
LHNO
Acceleration Specification
LOAD-2D
LDTYPE=5 [Transmitting Boundary]
Card
Group
1
10-23
1.1
TITLE
TITLE
1.2
NCTYPE
NCTYPE =0
Axisymmetric element
(y-axis is axis of symmetry)
=1
=2
=3
2.1
NUMLS
NUMLS
2.2.1
LSNO
LSNO
2.2.2
Loading Surface
2.2
NUMNODE
NUMNODE
2.2.3
Specified node
10-24
Card
Group
3
3.1
NUMMP
NUMMP
3.2
3.2.1
MATNO
MATNO
3.2.2
Material Property
RO, E, V
RO
Mass density
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
Card
Group
4
10-25
4.1
LSNO, MATNO
LSNO
MATNO
SMAP-2D
Structure Medium Analysis Program
2-D Static, Consolidation and Dynamic
Analysis for Dry, Saturated and
Partially Saturated Soils
and Rock Mass
Example Problems
Contents
Contents
1.
Introduction
2.
Pre-Processing programs
.........................
2-1
3.
3-1
4.
SMAP-2D Example
5.
...................................
1-1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4-10
4.4
.........
4-14
4.5
.............
4-20
4.6
4-25
4.7
4-29
4.8
4-33
4.9
.......
4-37
4.10
4-39
4.11
4-41
4.12
4-46
4.13
4-52
4.14
4-57
4.15
4-63
4.16
4-66
4.17
Embankment Construction
....................
4-75
4.18
4-87
4.19
4-90
4.20
4.21
.........
4-2
4-6
PRESMAP Example
5.1
PRESMAP-2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-1
5.1.1
5-2
Model 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1.1
5.1.1.2
5-14
5-6
5.1.2 Model 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-21
5.1.3 Model 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-32
5.1.4 Model 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-37
Contents
5.2
NATM-2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3
PRESMAP-GP
5.3.1 Example 1
6.
..........................
5-56
5.3.2 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-61
5.3.3 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-63
5.3.4 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-65
5.3.5 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-67
5.3.6 Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-69
5.3.7 Example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-72
5.3.8 Example 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-75
5.3.9 Example 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-79
ADDRGN Example
6.1
ADDRGN-2D
..............................
7.
8.
6-1
.....................
6-2
6-5
......................
6-9
7.1
XY Example Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-1
7.2
7-4
SUPPLEMENT Example
LOAD Example
8.1
LOAD-2D
................................
8.1.1 Example 1
9.
5-40
..........................
8-1
8-1
PLTDS Example
9.1
Modification of Coordinates
....................
9-2
9.2
9-7
9.3
9-11
9.4
9-14
9.5
View Options
.............................
9-15
10-2
Example 1
..............................
10.2
Example 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Introduction
1-1
Introduction
1-2
Introduction
Introduction
Table 1.1
Problem
Number
1-3
Project
File Name
RunTime(min)
Pent. III 850
VP1.DAT
0.01
VP2.DAT
0.03
VP2-1.DAT
3
VP3.DAT
VP3-1.DAT
4
VP4.DAT
Description
0.22
VP4-1.DAT
VP4-2.DAT
VP5.DAT
0.01
VP5-1.DAT
VP5-2.DAT
1-4
Introduction
Table 1.1
Problem
Number
6
Project
File Name
RunTime(min)
Pent. III 850
VP6.DAT
0.01
VP6-1.DAT
Description
VP7.DAT
0.01
VP8.DAT
0.01
VP9.DAT
0.01
10
VP10.DAT
0.33
11
VP11.DAT
0.01
12
VP12.DAT
0.01
13
VP13.DAT
0.07
14
VP14.DAT
0.25
15
VP15.DAT
0.20
16
VP16.DAT
0.02
Introduction
Table 1.1
Problem
Number
1-5
File
Name
RunTime(min)
Pen. III 850
17
VP17.DAT
8.95
Embankment construction
18
VP18.DAT
0.01
VP18-1.DAT
Description
19
VP19.DAT
9.03
20
VP20.DAT
3.95
VP21.DAT
0.01
VP21-1.DAT
21
VP21-2.DAT
VP21-3.DAT
VP21-4.DAT
VP21-5.DAT
Pre-Processing Programs
2-1
Pre-Processing
Programs
Method 1
First, generate 2D Mesh Files using 2D Presmaps. Then combine or modify
these Mesh Files using ADDRGN-2D if you need to do it.
1. Generate 2D Mesh Files
PRESMAP-2D, NATM-2D, PRESMAP-GP
Method 2
Generate 2D Mesh Files using ADDRGN-2D. This is a powerful mesh
generation feature which will be described in detail in section 6.1.3.
2-2
Pre-Processing Programs
Method 3
Generate 2D geometric model file with file extension .NEU using the preprocessing part of FEMAP. Convert this FEMAP neutral file to 2D Mesh File
using sub menu FEMAP --> SMAP in section 7.3 of SMAP-2D User0s Manual.
And then modify this 2D Mesh File using ADDRGN-2D if you need to do it.
Note that FEMAP does not support pore fluid boundary conditions so that
you need to correct default fluid boundary codes appropriately if the
geological medium includes partially or fully saturated soils or porous
rockmass.
1. Generate 2D Geometric Model File
FEMAP (pre)
3-1
Main-Processing program reads Mesh and Main Files as input and performs
static, consolidation, or dynamic analysis. Post-Processing programs read
Post File along with analysis results from Main-Processing program and
produce graphical output.
Mesh Files can be generated using Pre-Processing programs as outlined in
the previous Section 2. Main and Post Files can be created according to
Section 4.4 and 4.5, respectively, in SMAP-2D User0s Manual. Normally,
they can copy existing Main or Post Files which are similar to the problem
to be analyzed and modify those files using Text Editor or Built-In Editor in
SMAP menu.
Main- and Post-Processing programs can be executed using the following
methods:
Method 1
Prepare Mesh, Main, and Post Files. Run EXECUTE menu to get analysis
results. And then run PLOT menu to view graphical output of analysis
results.
1. Prepare All Input Files
Mesh, Main and Post Files
3-2
Method 2
Prepare Mesh, Main, and Blank Post Files. Run EXECUTE menu to get
analysis results. Now, prepare Post File according to Section 4.5 in SMAP2D User0s Manual. Run PRE EXECUTE menu to obtain intermediate plotting
information files. And then run PLOT menu to view graphical output of
analysis results. Note that Blank Post File consists of following 3 lines:
+
0
*
0
.
0, 4.5
1. Prepare Mesh and Main Files
Mesh, Main and Blank Post Files
3-3
Method 2 is particularly useful when you are running large problems which
take long execution time. You have to care in preparing Card Group 10 in
Main File since Post File can only address those data requested in Card
Group 10. You can repeat Steps 3 and 4 as long as your Post File
addresses the output data within the range specified in Card Group 10 in
Main File.
Post-Processing programs are mainly used to show graphical output of the
analysis results.
PLTDS reads Card Group 11 in Post File and plots two dimensional snap
shots. Once you run PLTDS in PLOT menu, you will obtain intermediate
plotting information file (PLTDSO.DAT).
PLTXY reads Card Group 12 in Post File and plots time histories of
stresses, strains, and displacements. Once you run PLTXY in PLOT menu,
you will obtain intermediate plotting information file (PLTXYO.DAT).
PLTXYO.DAT file can be modified as it will be described in Section 10.
FEMAP (Post) reads Card Group 13 in Post File and plots three dimensional
snapshots. Once you run FEMAP (Post) in PLOT menu, you will obtain
FEMAP neutral file (FEMAPO.NEU). FEMAPO.NEU file includes all the
information in one file so that it can be modified using the program FEMAP.
4-1
SMAP-2D
Example Problem
SMAP
EXECUTE
4-2
(4.1)
(4.2)
Where
Fv
Bo
Ks
Gs
Ms
n
Kg
Kw
Km
The following material properties are used for computing undrained uniaxial
strain response:
Ks =
Gs =
n =
Kg =
Kw =
4-3
The exact ratio of pore water pressure (B o) to applied total vertical stress
(F v ) is obtained from equations 4.1 and 4.2
and the exact ratio of effective vertical stress (F v N) to applied total vertical
stress ( F v ) is given by
4-4
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
4-5
4-6
(4.3)
where
H
y
(N =
where
t
k
M
Time
Coefficient of permeability
Constrained modulus
=
=
=
=
=
0.3 (porosity)
2.7 (specific gravity of grain)
0.0361 lb/in3
( w (Gs (1-n) + n) = 0.079 lb/in3
0.043 lb/in3
M
k
H
=
=
=
4-7
10,000 psi
0.0361 in/sec
100 inch
Figure 4.3 shows profiles of pore water pressures at 0.05 and 0.5 seconds.
And Figure 4.4 shows profiles of effective vertical stresses at 0.05 and 0.5
seconds. SMAP-2D calculations are very close to the exact solution.
4-8
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
4-9
4-10
4-11
Solid Grains
Bulk Modulus
Specific Gravity
3000 psi
6000 psi
0.20
0.35
Permeability
.001 in/s
Figure 4.5
4-12
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
4-13
4-14
As we see, both
deformations and stresses are uniform along the tunnel axis and the
tangential direction. The computed tunnel radial displacement (0.34 in) is
very close to the semi-analytical solution (0.35 in).
profiles agree well with the semi-analytical solution in both the plastic and
elastic zones of deformation surrounding the tunnel. It should be noted
that the stresses plotted in Figures 4.11 and 4.12 are in X, Y and Z
coordinates so that for exact comparison, these stresses should have
transformed to radial and tangential coordinate system.
Material Model
Rock Properties
Figure 4.8
4-15
Drucker-Prager Model
E = 1,150,000 psi (Young's Modulus)
<
= 0.33 (Poisson's Ratio)
F c = 1,800 psi (Unconfined Strength)
N = 18B (Friction Angle)
4-16
4.9
Figure 4.10
4-17
4-18
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
4-19
4-20
E
<
=
=
Interface Properties C
N
t
=
=
=
7.0 psi
0.0
0.001 in
Transverse Loads
=
=
13.3 Ib to 426.67 Ib
1.13 Ib/in
Beam Properties
Figure 4.13
P
w
4-21
4-22
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
4-23
4-24
Figure 4.16
4-25
(4.4)
where
Be
Cv
t
4-26
Sequence
) t/() h/m)
Beginning
0.001
0.106
0.106
0.160
0.160
0.234
0.234
Intermedate
End
where
)t
)h
Time step
Thickness of current top layer
Figure 4.18 shows the normalized excess pore pressure profiles at time
factor T=4. it has been normalized by the height of complete fill to look at
the gradual behavior of dissipation more physically. As you see, the
results of SMAP-2D are very close to Gibson0s exact solution.
T
H
h
m
(w
(
(
>
Figure 4.17
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4-27
( m2 t / Cv ), time factor
Height of complete fill
Current height of fill
Constant rate of increase of the height of the fill
Unit weight of water
Wet unit weight of soil mass
( - (w
X/h
4-28
Figure 4.18
4-29
4-30
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
80 psi
3600 psi
2175 psi
0.86
1.0
0.249
0.2892
0.1022
Figure 4.20
4-31
4-32
Figure 4.21
4.8
4-33
(4.5)
and
(4.6)
4-34
where
4-35
Note that the initial stress conditions in Equation 4.6 should be imposed on
the basis of the stress-strain state at the end of Ko-consolidated condition.
To perform numerical and analytical solutions, following Ko initial stresses
and material parameters for Modified Cam Clay Model are assumed:
Initial stresses:
F x N = 0.764
F y N = 1.4715
F zN = 0.764
Material Parameters: eo
Cc
Cr
M
<
=
=
=
=
=
1.339
0.508
0.254
1.1137
0.4
4-36
Figure 4.22
4-37
(4.7)
(4.8)
Note that effective mean pressure (PN) was PO at initial time (tO ) but
decreases with time (t) while total mean pressure (PO ) remains constant
during the volumetric creep. Consequently, the excess pore pressure (B)
increases with time.
To conduct numerical calculation, the following initial conditions and material
parameters are assumed:
eo
to
Po
Cc
Cr
C"
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.339
1
1
0.508
0.254
0.0374
Figure 4.23 shows variation of effective mean pressure and excess pore
pressure as a function of time while total mean pressure remains constant.
SMAP-2D results are almost identical to the closed-form solution.
4-38
Figure 4.23
4-39
Time Step
)t = 0.022 Msec
Young0s Modulus
= 12,457 psi
Poisson0s Ratio
<
= 0.25
Mass Density
Figure 4.25
4-40
Figure 4.26
4-41
NODE
NUMBER
DISPLACEMENT
UX
UY
1 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
2 0.12937E-01-0.96282E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
3 0.58421E-02 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
4 0.18493E-01-0.73040E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
VELOCITY
UX
UY
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.25874E-01-0.19256E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.11684E-01 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.36985E-01-0.14608E-01
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
ACCELERATION
UX
UY
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.51748E-01-0.38513E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.23368E-01 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.73971E-01-0.29216E-01
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
NODE
NUMBER
DISPLACEMENT
UX
UY
VELOCITY
UX
UY
ACCELERATION
UX
UY
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.19256E-02-0.15524E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00-0.70105E-01
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.14608E-01-0.22191E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.11554E-01
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.87648E-01
0.00000E+00
4-42
Table 4.2
S T R E S S / S T R A I N IN TRUSS ELEMENT
element
number
1
2
3
4
5
s t atus
n u mber
0
0
0
0
0
sxx
0.1690E+02
0.1753E+02
-0.1314E+02
0.1667E+02
-0.2552E-06
S T R E S S / S T R A I N IN TRUSS ELEMENT
element
number
1
2
3
4
5
s t atus
n u mber
0
0
0
0
0
sxx
0.1690E+02
0.1753E+02
-0.1314E+02
0.1667E+02
0.1215E-13
AT TIME =
0.10000E+01
exx
0.5635E -03
0.5842E -03
-0.4381E -03
0.5556E -03
-0.8506E -11
AT TIME =
exx
0.5635E -03
0.5842E -03
-0.4381E -03
0.5556E -03
0.3915E
0.20000E+01
All members
10 ft.
30 x 103 ksi
Member 1
2.5 in2
Member 2
4.5 in2
Member 3
12.0 in2
Member 4
6.0 in2
Member 5
6.0 in2
Figure 4.27
4-43
4-44
Figure 4.28
Figure 4.29
4-45
4-46
where
P
L
G
A
It should be noted that the classical beam theory assumes parabolic shear
distribution across beam depth and gives the exact mid span deflection as:
Table 4.3
NODE
NUMBER
DISPLACEMENT
UX
UY
1 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
2 0.60669E-19-0.15102E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
3 0.27504E-18-0.33806E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
4 0.66883E-18-0.53710E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
5 0.12450E-17-0.72414E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
6 0.19838E-17-0.87516E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
7 0.27485E-17-0.72414E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
8 0.33594E-17-0.53710E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
9 0.37909E-17-0.33806E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
10 0.40399E-17-0.15102E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
11 0.41264E-17 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
VELOCITY
UX
UY
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.12134E-18-0.30203E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.55007E-18-0.67611E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.13377E-17-0.10742E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.24901E-17-0.14483E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.39677E-17-0.17503E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.54969E-17-0.14483E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.67187E-17-0.10742E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.75817E-17-0.67611E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.80799E-17-0.30203E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.82529E-17 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
ACCELERATION
UX
UY
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.24267E-18-0.60407E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.11001E-17-0.13522E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.26753E-17-0.21484E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.49801E-17-0.28966E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.79354E-17-0.35006E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.10994E-16-0.28966E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.13437E-16-0.21484E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.15163E-16-0.13522E-02
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.16160E-16-0.60407E-03
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
0.16506E-16 0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
NODE
NUMBER
DISPLACEMENT
UX
UY
VELOCITY
UX
UY
ACCELERATION
UX
UY
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.12081E-02
0.00000E+00
0.27044E-02
0.00000E+00
0.42968E-02
0.00000E+00
0.57931E-02
0.00000E+00
0.70013E-02
0.00000E+00
0.57931E-02
0.00000E+00
0.42968E-02
0.00000E+00
0.27044E-02
0.00000E+00
0.12081E-02
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
4-47
4-48
Figure 4.30
100000 lb/in2
<
.25
Figure 4.31
4-49
4-50
Figure 4.32
Figure 4.33
4-51
4-52
where
m
6
L
I
Io
E
x
t
4-53
4-54
Figure 4.34
Figure 4.35
4-55
4-56
Figure 4.36
4-57
where
ft
It
C
4-58
Figure 4.40
shows the deformed shapes at the applied loads; 20 and 32 kips. As seen,
there is very good agreement between the experimental and SMAP-2D
results.
4-59
Material Properties
Concrete:
E = 3.8 x 106 psi
L = 0.15
f'c = 4820 psi
ft = 546 psi
N = 40
Figure 4.37
Steel
E =
L =
fy =
Bar:
30 x 106 psi
0.3
44,900 psi
4-60
Figure 4.38
Figure 4.39
4-61
4-62
Figure 4.40
4-63
A
I
E
Figure 4.41
=
=
=
0.183 in2
9 x 10-4 in4
10.3 x 106 lb/in2
4-64
Figure 4.42
Figure 4.43
4-65
4-66
Soil
E = 10000 psi
L = 0.23
Ko = 0.3
Figure 4.44
4-67
Steel Liner
E = 29000000 psi
L = 0.3
t
= 1 inch (Thickness)
4-68
Figure 4.45
Figure 4.46
4-69
4-70
Figure 4.47
Figure 4.48
4-71
4-72
Figure 4.49
Figure 4.50
4-73
4-74
Figure 4.51
4-75
4-76
Material Properties
Top Fill
n = 0.4
Gs = 2.7
n = 0.45
Gs = 2.7
eo = 1.74
Cc = 0.338
Cr = 0.138
M = 1.05
n = 0.4
Clay
Figure 4.52
< = 0.3
Figure 4.53
4-77
4-78
Figure 4.54
Figure 4.55
4-79
4-80
Figure 4.56
Figure 4.57
4-81
4-82
Figure 4.58
Figure 4.59
4-83
4-84
Figure 4.60
Figure 4.61
4-85
4-86
Figure 4.62
4-87
= 0.32659 inch
4-88
max
Figure 4.63
Figure 4.64
4-89
4-90
4-91
condition and pore water pressures drop rapidly and then get gradually
back to the hydrostatic water pressure level as the dissipation length is
shorter. It is worth noting that the effective mean pressures decrease
slightly while deviatoric stresses increase during the short period of
placement of preloading fills. This is due to the fact that the compressive
plastic volumetric strains develop while the total volumetric strains remain
nearly constant since very little excess pore pressure dissipations are
expected in such a short period.
Examining all the stress path plots, elements 120, 299, 477, 655 and 833
lie on the failure surface and elements 300 and 478 are slightly below the
failure surface. Noting that elements 120, 299, 477, 655 and 833 are
located within 2 meters from the surface of slope and elements 300 and
478 are located within 4 meters from the surface of slope, it is expected
that the soil failure would occur around the slope base within
approximately 3 meters from the surface of slope. It may require redesign
of the slope or accompany engineered structures for the slope to stay in
safe.
4-92
Table 4.4
Material
Number
Porosity
(%)
Specific
Gravity
k (m/day)
E (t/m2 )
<
Remark
42
2.7
0.0864
600
0.33
Dry
42
2.7
0.0864
600
0.33
Dry
42
2.7
0.0864
600
0.33
Saturated
44
2.7
0.0864
1400
0.33
Saturated
14
99.9
2.7
10.0
10.0
0.2
Water
Material
Number
Porosity
(%)
59.1
Specific
Gravity
k (m/day)
eo
Cc
Cr
2.72
* 0.0274
1.49
0.55
0.077
1.2
61.0
2.72
* 0.0274
1.57
0.70
0.098
1.2
59.1
2.72
* 0.0274
1.49
0.55
0.077
1.2
61.0
2.72
* 0.0274
1.57
0.70
0.098
1.2
59.1
2.72
4.32x10- 5
1.49
0.55
0.077
1.2
10
61.0
2.72
4.32x10- 5
1.57
0.70
0.098
1.2
11
61.0
2.72
4.32x10- 5
1.62
0.80
0.112
1.2
12
61.0
2.72
* 0.0274
1.62
0.80
0.112
1.2
13
61.0
2.72
* 0.0274
1.62
0.80
0.112
1.2
(*) represents the coefficient of permeability for the soils improved by sand
drain or P.D.B.
Construction State
Step 101
4-93
Description
(2000 Days)
In Situ State
Sand Drain:
Material 4, 5, 12
P.D.B:
Material 7, 8, 13
Step 104
(+ 15 Days)
Completion of Stage 1
Embankment
Step 165
(+ 321 Days)
Completion of Stage 2
Embankment
Figure 4.65
4-94
Construction State
Step 216
Description
(+ 627 Days)
Completion of Stage 3
Embankment
Step 267
(+ 933 Days)
Completion of Stage 4
Embankment
Step 333
(+ 1265 Days)
Completion of Final
Excavation (Dredging)
Figure 4.65
Figure 4.66
4-95
4-96
Figure 4.67
Figure 4.68
4-97
4-98
Figure 4.69
Figure 4.70
4-99
4-100
Figure 4.71
Figure 4.72
4-101
4-102
Figure 4.73
Figure 4.74
4-103
4-104
Figure 4.75
4.20
4-105
4-106
4-107
Table 4.5
Material Type
Ko
3
Material property
<
E
2
(t/m )
(t/m )
T
2
deg.
(t/m )
(t/m2 )
Weathered Soil
1.90
0.50
2.00x103
0.33
30
20
Weathered Rock
1.90
0.43
5.000x103
0.30
35
30
30
Soft Rock
2.40
0.33
2.00x104
0.25
40
70
40
Hard Rock
2.55
0.25
2.00x105
0.20
45
100
50
Shotcrete (Soft)
2.40
0.50x106
0.20
30
500
100
Shotcrete (Hard)
2.40
1.50x106
0.20
30
500
100
2.10x106
0.20
30
500
300
Reinforcing Bar
2.10x107
0.20
Interface Joint
2.00x105
0.001
0.02
2.10x107
Rock Bolt
Reinforced
2.50
Concrete Lining
4-108
Figure 4.76
Geological profile.
R1
R2
R3
R4
=
=
=
=
7.24 M
6.24 M
11.86 M
25.86 M
A1 =
A2 =
A3 =
60 deg.
30 deg.
21.781 deg.
= 21
= 3.0 M
= 20 Cm
= 40 Cm
Figure 4.77
4-109
4-110
Step
Construction State
1,2
Descriptions
In Situ Ko State
50 % Stress Relief
75 % Stress Relief
Upper Core
Soft Shotcrete
Excavation
Rock Bolt
Hard Shotcrete
Rock Bolt
Figure 4.78
Step
Construction State
4-111
Descriptions
Lower Core
Soft Shotcrete
Excavation
Figure 4.78
4-112
Figure 4.79
Figure
4.80
4-113
4-114
Figure 4.81
Figure 4.82
4-115
4-116
Figure 4.83
Figure 4.84
4-117
4-118
Figure 4.85
Figure 4.86
4-119
4-120
Figure 4.87
Figure 4.88
4-121
4-122
Figure 4.89
4-123
4-124
E = 100,000 lb/in2
< = 0.25
L = 7.071 in.
A = 5.0 in2
I = 10.4167 in4
Figure 4.90
Figure 4.91
4-125
4-126
Figure 4.92
5-1
PRESMAP
Example Problem
5.1
PRESMAP-2D
5-2
5.1.1 Model 1
A typical underground tunnel is chosen here to illustrate mesh generations
using PRESMAP-2D Model 1 and 2. Figure 5.1 shows geological condition
around tunnel consisting of four layers: weathered soil, weathered rock,
soft rock, and hard rock. Figure 5.2 shows in detail tunnel cross section
including shotcrete and rock bolt dimensions.
For convenience, the tunnel problem geometry is divided into three
regions as shown in Figure 5.3; Core, Near-field, and Far-field regions. By
symmetry, only right half of the tunnel geometry is considered. Model 1 is
used to generate Core and Far-field region meshes. And Model 2 is used
to generate Near-field region mesh. Near-field region mesh generation
will be explained in the next section. And assembly of Core, Near-field,
and Far-field regions will be explained in ADDRGN-2D Example Problems in
Section 6.1.
Figure 5.1
Geological condition
5-3
5-4
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
5-5
5-6
Table 5.1
5-7
5-8
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 6
6
16 9 10 17 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 7
7
17 10 11 18 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 6
6
16 9 10 17 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 7
7
17 10 11 18 0 0 0 0 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* --------------------------------------BLOCK 8
8
18 11 12 19 0 0 14 0 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 6 0 1
0
* --------------------------------------BLOCK 9
9
22 15 16 24 20 0 0 23 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 10
10
24 16 17 26 0 0 0 25 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
5-9
5-10
4 2 2 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------BLOCK 11
11
26 17 18 28 0 0 0 27 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 2 0 1
0
* ------------------------------------BLOCK 12
12
28 18 19 30 0 0 21 29 0
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 2 6 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------
Figure 5.4
5-11
5-12
Figure 5.5
Figure 5.6
5-13
5-14
Table 5.2
5-15
5-16
BLOCK 6
6
14 6 8 16 0 7 0 15 0
12 12 13 15 14 12 13 14 12
4 6 4 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 7
7
24 9 10 25 17 0 18 0 0
12 13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
1 4 1 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 8
8
25 10 11 26 18 0 19 0 0
12 13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
2 4 1 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 9
9
26 11 12 27 19 0 20 0 0
12 13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
3 4 2 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 10
10
27 12 13 28 20 0 21 0 0
12 13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
4 4 6 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 11
11
28 13 14 29 21 0 22 0 0
12 13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
4 4 6 0 1
0
---------------------------------------BLOCK 12
12
29 14 16 31 22 15 23 30 0
12 13 12 14 15 12 12 14 13
4 4 4 0 1
0
5-17
5-18
Figure 5.7
5-19
5-20
Figure 5.8
5-21
5.1.2 Model 2
Model 2 is the special pre-processor developed to model Near-field region
around the underground openings. The Near-field region shown in Figure
5.3 is taken here as an example problem.
As shown in Figure 5.9, eight subregions are used to construct the Nearfield region. And each subregion consists of three blocks. Then each block
is further divided in radial and tangential directions. For example, Block
number 5 in Subregion 2 has 5 elements in radial direction and 6 elements
in the tangential direction. Note that element sizes in the third block
increase gradually in the radial direction. Parameters specific to each
subregion are tabulated in Table 5.3.
Table 5.4 shows the listing of input file, NEAR.RGN, which has been
prepared according to the PRESMAP-2D Model 2 in Section 5.2 of User0s
Manual. Generated element mesh is shown in Figure 5.10. Generated
element numbers are plotted in Figure 5.10.
5-22
Figure 5.11 represents overall section which shows the locations of individual
sections. Figure 5.12 shows one typical section located at Row=2 and
Column=1. You can construct the working map by assembling all sections
together.
Table 5.3
5-23
NSUBR
NDRF
NDRS
NDRT
=
=
=
=
8
2
5
4
DRF
DRS
= 0.15 M
= 2.85 M
Subregion
ISBTYPE
LSFTYPE
NSEG
Global block numbers are in order from surface to outer edge and
counterclockwise.
Local block numbers in each subregion are in order from surface to
outer edge.
Example :
In Subregion
First block
Second block
Third block
2,
=4
=5
=6
5-24
Table 5.4
SUBREGION 2
2
1 1 6
9.86 -4.754 0.0 340.22 360.
14.0 -12. 14.0
0.0
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------SUBREGION 3
3
0 1 2
4.24 0.866 0.0 0.0 15.0
1
14.0
0
14.0 3.31
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* --------------------------------------SUBREGION 4
4
0 1 2
4.24 0.866 0.0 15.0 30.0
0
14.0 3.31
0
14.0 6.63
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------SUBREGION 5
5
0 1 2
5.24 0.0 -0.5 30.0 45.0
0
14.0 6.63
5-25
5-26
0
14.0 9.94
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------SUBREGION 6
6
0 1 2
5.24 0.0 -0.5 45.0 60.0
0
14.0 9.94
0
9.33 9.94
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------SUBREGION 7
7
0 1 2
5.24 0.0 -0.5 60. 75.0
0
9.33 9.94
0
4.67 9.94
12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------SUBREGION 8
8
0 1 2
5.24 0.0 -0.5 75.0 90.0
0
4.67 9.94
0
0.0
9.94
12 12 12
13 12 12 13 12 12 12 13
4 0 1
4 0 1
4 0 1
0
* -------------------------------------
5-27
5-28
Figure 5.9
Figure 5.10
5-29
5-30
Figure 5.11
Figure 5.12
5-31
5-32
5.1.3 Model 3
Model 3 is a useful pre-processor to generate triangular or rectangular
meshes. It is much easier to use compared to Models 1 and 2. But you
have to specify the boundary codes manually.
Figure 5.13 shows block diagram for Model 3 example problem. Block
numbers 1 to 5 are 4 x 4 rectangular shape and Block number 6 is the 9element triangular shape.
Table 5.5 shows the listing of input file, GM3.RGN, which has been
prepared according to the PRESMAP-2D Model 3 in Section 5.3 of User0s
Manual. Generated element and node numbers are shown in Figure 5.14.
Table 5.5
NBNODE
NSNEL
12
171
NSNODE
CMFAC
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE
.324920E+02
.100000E+03
.809020E+02
.587790E+02
.100000E+03
.000000E+00
.809020E+02 -.587790E+02
.324920E+02 -.100000E+03
100.
100.
125.
50.
150.
0.
125.
-50.
10
100.
-100.
11
200.
100.
12
175.
50.
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 I4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16
6
* ---------------------------------------------------------* IBLNO
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 I4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16
7
* ----------------------------------------------------------
5-33
5-34
* IBLNO
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 I4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16
8
* ---------------------------------------------------------* IBLNO
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 I4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16
9
5 10
* ---------------------------------------------------------* IBLNO
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 I4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16
11
7 12
* ---------------------------------------------------------* IBLNO
IBLTYPE
MATNO
KS
KF
* FOR IBLTYPE = 2
* I1 I2 I3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12
7
8 12
* ----------------------------------------------------------
Figure 5.13
5-35
5-36
Figure 5.14
5-37
5.1.4 Model 4
Model 4 is a useful pre-processor to generate horizontally layered dams or
embankments. It is easy to use but the boundary codes should be specified
manually.
As Model 4 example problem, an embankment with 3 layers is considered.
Table 5.6 shows the listing of input file, GM4.RGN, which has been prepared
according to the PRESMAP-2D Model 4 in Section 5.4 of User0s Manual.
Generated element and node numbers are shown in Figure 5.15.
5-38
Table 5.6
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
EXAMPLE PROBLEM FOR PRESMAP-2D MODEL 4
* CARD 1.2
* NLAYER
NDIV
ITRANGL
1
* CARD 1.3
* NSNEL
NSNODE
CMFAC
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* XB1
YB1
YB2
XB2
0.0
3.0
0.0
12.
* CARD 3.1
* MATNO
3
KS
KF
* END OF DATA
Figure 5.15
5-39
5-40
5.2 NATM-2D
NATM-2D is the special pre-processing program to generate automatically
two-dimensional finite element meshes and boundary conditions for NATM
tunnels. NATM-2D has four different models:
Model 1
Single Tunnel (Half Section)
Model 2
Single Tunnel (Full Section)
Model 3
Two Tunnel (Symmetric Section)
Model 4
Two Tunnel (Unsymmetric Section)
Once you have executed NATM-2D, you will obtain following files:
Mesh File including all elements (Continuum, Beam,
Output File
and Truss). Output File is the user specified name.
BEAM.DAT
Mesh File including only beam elements.
TRUSS.DAT
Mesh File including only truss elements.
AD.DAT
Card Group 8 in Main File representing default element
activities for upper and lower parts of Core, Shotcrete,
and Rock Bolt including Joint and Lining elements.
LINING.DAT
Mesh File for Beam-Spring Lining Analysis. This file will
be generated only for ILNCOUPL=1.
A typical PD2 tunnel shape is chosen here to illustrate mesh generation
using NATM-2D as shown in Figure 5.16. For each model, we will
present:
C
Listing of input file,
C
Schematic tunnel section view, and
C
Graphical output of finite element mesh.
Table 5.7
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
NATM-2D MODEL 1 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
* CARD 1.2
* IUNIT
2
* CARD 1.3
* MODEL IGEN IEXMESH
ILNCOUPL
1
0
0
0
* CARD 2.1
* HT
HL
W
DELTAX DELTAX NDYMAX
21.94 30. 20. 2.0
2.0
40
* CARD 3.1
* NLAYER
4
* CARD 3.2
* LAYERNO
H
KF
1
4.2
1
2
4.3
1
3
3.5
1
4
39.94 1
* CARD 4.1
* R1
A1
R2
A2 R3
A3
R4
GR
5.24 60.
4.24 30. 9.86 19.781 23.86 1.0
* CARD 4.2
* INVSHOT TS
0
0.3
* CARD 4.3
* NUMRB LRB
LSPACING TSPACING NSRB
11
3.0
0.8
1.2
2
* CARD 5.1
* LDTYPE DGW GAMAW
1
2.0 1.0
* END OF DATA
GA
0.5
5-41
5-42
R1
R2
R3
R4
=
=
=
=
5.24 M
4.24 M
9.86 M
23.86 M
A1 = 60 deg.
A2 = 30 deg.
A3 = 19.781 deg.
Figure 5.16
=
=
=
=
11
3.0 M
1.2 M
30 CM
MODEL=1
DELTAX
2.0
DELTAY
2.0
NDYMAX =
Figure 5.17
5-43
40
5-44
Figure 5.18
Figure 5.19
5-45
5-46
Figure 5.20
Table 5.8
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
NATM-2D MODEL 2 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
* CARD 1.2
* IUNIT
2
* CARD 1.3
* MODEL IGEN IEXMESH
ILNCOUPL
2
0
0
0
* CARD 2.1
* HT
HL
W
DELTAX DELTAX NDYMAX
21.94 30. 40. 2.0
2.0
40
* CARD 3.1
* NLAYER
4
* CARD 3.2
* LAYERNO
H
KF
1
4.2
1
2
4.3
1
3
3.5
1
4
39.94 1
* CARD 4.1
* R1
A1
R2
A2 R3
A3
R4
GR
5.24 60.
4.24 30. 9.86 19.781 23.86 1.0
* CARD 4.2
* INVSHOT TS
0
0.3
* CARD 4.3
* NUMRB LRB
LSPACING TSPACING NSRB
11
3.0
0.8
1.2
2
* CARD 5.1
* LDTYPE DGW GAMAW
1
2.0 1.0
* END OF DATA
GA
0.5
5-47
5-48
MODEL=2
Figure 5.21
DELTAX
2.0
DELTAY
2.0
NDYMAX
40
Figure 5.22
5-49
5-50
Table 5.9
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
NATM-2D MODEL 3 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
* CARD 1.2
* IUNIT
2
* CARD 1.3
* MODEL IGEN IEXMESH
ILNCOUPL
3
0
0
0
* CARD 2.1
* HT
HL
W
WP
DELTAX DELTAY NDYMAX
21.94 30. 80. 25.
2.0
2.0
40
* CARD 3.1
* NLAYER
4
* CARD 3.2
* LAYERNO
H
KF
1
4.2
1
2
4.3
1
3
3.5
1
4
39.94 1
* CARD 4.1
* R1
A1
R2
A2 R3
A3
R4
GR
5.24 60.
4.24 30. 9.86 19.781 23.86 1.0
* CARD 4.2
* INVSHOT TS
0
0.3
* CARD 4.3
* NUMRB LRB
LSPACING TSPACING NSRB
11
3.0
0.8
1.2
2
* CARD 5.1
* LDTYPE DGW GAMAW
1
2.0 1.0
* END OF DATA
GA
0.5
5-51
Figure 5.23
DELTAX
= 2.0
DELTAY
= 2.0
NDYMAX
= 40
5-52
Figure 5.24
Table 5.10
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
NATM-2D MODEL 4 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
* CARD 1.2
* IUNIT
2
* CARD 1.3
* MODEL IGEN IEXMESH
ILNCOUPL
4
0
0
0
* CARD 2.1
* HT
HL
W
WP
HP
DELTAX DELTAY
21.94 30. 80. 25.
2.0
2.0
2.0
* CARD 3.1
* NLAYER
4
* CARD 3.2
* LAYERNO
H
KF
1
4.2
1
2
4.3
1
3
3.5
1
4
39.94 1
* RIGHT TUNNEL
* CARD 4.1
* R1
A1
R2
A2 R3
A3
R4
GR
5.24 60.
4.24 30. 9.86 19.781 23.86 1.0
* CARD 4.2
* INVSHOT TS
0
0.3
* CARD 4.3
* NUMRB LRB
LSPACING TSPACING NSRB
11
3.0
0.8
1.2
2
* LEFT TUNNEL
* CARD 4.1
* R1
A1
R2
A2 R3
A3
R4
GR
7.24 60.
6.24 30. 11.86 21.781 25.86 1.0
* CARD 4.2
* INVSHOT TS
0
0.35
* CARD 4.3
* NUMRB LRB
LSPACING TSPACING NSRB
15
3.0
0.8
1.2
2
* CARD 5.1
* LDTYPE DGW GAMAW
1
2.0 1.0
* END OF DATA
NDYMAX
40
GA
0.5
GA
0.5
5-53
5-54
DELTAX =
2.0
DELTAY = 2.0
NDYMAX = 40
Right Tunnel
Left Tunnel
A1 = 60
R2 = 6.24 M
A2 = 30
R3 = 11.86 M
A3 = 21.781
R4 = 25.86 M
Number of Rock Bolts ( NUMRB)
= 15
= 3.0 M
= 1.2 M
= 35 CM
Figure 5.25
Figure 5.26
5-55
5-56
5.3 PRESMAP-GP
PRESMAP-GP is the general purpose pre-processor which can be used to
generate coordinates, element indexes, and boundary codes of various
geometries modeled by truss, beam, shell or continuum elements. Input
parameters of PRESMAP-GP have been described in detail in Section 5.4 of
User0s Manual.
Running PRESMAP-GP is described in Section 3.2.2.3 of User0s Manual and
can be selected in the following order.
RUN
PRESMAP PRESMAP-GP
When you finish the execution of PRESMAP-GP and select Yes to plot the
generated mesh, MeshFile.Mes will be created. And you can plot this file
using PLOTMESH as in the procedure described in Section 3.2.2.3 of User0s
Manual. You can obtain graphical outputs later on by executing
PLOTMESH Mesh-2D
for MeshFile.Mes
or
PLOT PLTDS-3D
5.3.1 Example 1
Example 1 shows you how Beam and Continuum elements are generated
using various types of element blocks. There are a total of 3 blocks
consisting of a line element block, a triangular surface element block, and
a surface element block. Detailed block information is listed in Table 5.11.
The generated output file contains nodal coordinates, element indexes,
and boundary codes which are compatible to the format of SMAP-2D Mesh
File.
Graphical outputs are presented in Figure 5.27 for generated node and
element numbers and in Figure 5.28 for generated skeleton boundary
codes.
Table 5.11
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
2 - D L I N E A N D SURFACE ELEMENT GENERATION [2 D-LS-1.RGN]
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK
N B N ODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMF AC
3
6
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE
X
Y
Z
1
4.0
6.5
0.0
2
0.0
2.0
0.0
3
5.9
0.8
0.0
4
7.0
7.0
0.0
5
7.0
1.0
0.0
6
5.72
3.87
0.0
* - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------- ---------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
-2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* I C O O R D I M O D E ILAG
1
1
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
M4
M5
M6
M7
1
2
3
0
0
6
0
* M8
M9
M10
M11
0
0
2
0
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
4
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE
ISX
ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX
IRY IRZ
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO
NDXY
1
4
* KS
KF
-1
1
* - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------- ---------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
5-57
5-58
* I C O O R D I M O D E ILAG
1
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
4
1
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE
ISX
ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX
IRY IRZ
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO
NDX
NDY
2
1
4
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------- ----------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
1
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* I C O O R D I M O D E ILINE
1
0
0
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
M3
M4
1
3
6
2
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE
ISX
ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX
IRY IRZ
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO
NDX
1
4
* - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------- ------------* END OF DATA
Figure 5.27
5-59
5-60
Figure 5.28
5.3.2
Example 2
Table 5.12
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX2.RGN [2D-T-1.RGN]
SURFACE ELEMENT GENERATION WITH CORNER TRIANGLS
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
1
4
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
10.0
0.0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
10.0
10.0
0.0
4
10.0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
1
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
3
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX IRY
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
2
8
8
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
4
4
3
2
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
3
4
* KS
KF
0
0
* END OF DATA
M9
0
IRZ
1
5-61
5-62
Figure 5.29
5.3.3
Example 3
Table 5.13
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX3.RGN
CIRCULAR SECTOR
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
1
8
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
100.0
0.0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
100.0
0.0
0.0
4
70.7
70.7
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
50.0
0.0
7
50.0
0.0
0.0
8
35.3
35.3
0.0
* ---------------------------------------------------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
2
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
2
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
* M15
5
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX IRY IRZ
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
2
10
10
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
5-63
5-64
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* FOLLOWING CARDS ARE REQUIRED FOR ICOORD = 2 AND ILAG = 2
* NSEG
4
* ALPA
NDIV
0.24
3
0.44
2
0.8
3
1.0
2
* ----------------------------------------------------* END OF DATA
Figure 5.30
5.3.4
Example 4
Table 5.14
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX4.RGN
STRAIGHT LINE SECTOR
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
1
8
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
100.0
0.0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
100.0
0.0
0.0
4
70.7
70.7
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
50.0
0.0
7
50.0
0.0
0.0
8
35.3
35.3
0.0
* ---------------------------------------------------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
2
2
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
2
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
* M15
5
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX IRY IRZ
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
2
10
10
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
5-65
5-66
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* FOLLOWING CARDS ARE REQUIRED FOR ICOORD = 2 AND ILAG = 2
* NSEG
4
* ALPA
NDIV
0.24
3
0.44
2
0.8
3
1.0
2
* ----------------------------------------------------* END OF DATA
Figure 5.31
5.3.5
Example 5
Table 5.15
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX5.RGN
SURFACE AND LINE ELEMENT GENERATION [2D-S-1A.RGN]
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
2
5
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
-10.0
0.0
0.0
2
-5.0
0.0
0.0
3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
5.0
0.0
0.0
5
10.0
0.0
0.0
* ---------------------------------------------------* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
5
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
* M15
3
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX IRY IRZ
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX NDY
2
8
4
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
5-67
5-68
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
1
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILINE
2
0
0
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
M3
M4
5
1
0
3
* M5
3
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ
3
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
1
8
* END OF DATA
Figure 5.32
IFX
1
IFY
1
IFZ
1
IRX
1
IRY
1
IRZ
1
5.3.6
Example 6
Table 5.16
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX6.RGN
SURFACE AND LINE ELEMENT GENERATION [2D-S-1B.RGN]
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
2
9
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.0
5.0
0.0
3
0.0
10.0
0.0
4
0.07854 4.99938 0.0
5
0.15707 9.99877 0.0
6
0.0
7.5
0.0
7
0.117805 7.49907 0.0
8
5.0
0.0
0.0
9
10.0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
3
5
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
* M15
M16
M17
-1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX IRY IRZ
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX NDY
2
16
4
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
5-69
5-70
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
1
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILINE
2
0
0
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
M3
M4
3
5
0
3
* M5
-1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
3
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
1
1
* END OF DATA
IFY
1
IFZ
1
IRX
1
IRY
1
IRZ
1
Figure 5.33
5-71
5-72
5.3.7
Example 7
Table 5.17
*
* NOTE: FOR THIS RUN,
*
"RLIMIT = 0.01" IN C:\CT\CTDATA\DV-GP.DAT HAS
*
BEEN USED TO BE COMPATIBLE BETWEEN TRIANGULAR
*
AND QUAD BLOCKS.
*
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX7.RGN
SURFACE AND LINE ELEMENT GENERATION [2D-S-1D.RGN]
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
CMFAC
3
11
1
1
2
1.0
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.0
5.0
0.0
3
0.0
10.0
0.0
4
0.07854 4.99938 0.0
5
0.15707 9.99877 0.0
6
0.0
7.5
0.0
7
0.117805 7.49907 0.0
8
5.0
0.0
0.0
9
10.0
0.0
0.0
10
-4.3301 -2.5
0.0
11
4.3301 -2.5
0.0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
3
5
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
* M15
M16
M17
-1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
5
1
0
1
0
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX NDY
2
30
4
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
1
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILINE
2
0
0
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
M3
M4
3
5
0
3
* M5
-1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
3
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
1
30
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
-2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 3
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
M4
M5
2
10
11
0
0
* M12
1
IFY
1
IFZ
0
IRX
1
IRY
0
IRZ
1
IFY
1
IFZ
1
IRX
1
IRY
1
IRZ
1
M6
0
M7
1
M8
0
M9
0
5-73
5-74
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX
5
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDXY
2
10
* KS
KF
0
0
* END OF DATA
ISY
0
ISZ
1
Figure 5.34
IFX
0
IFY
1
IFZ
0
IRX
1
IRY
0
IRZ
1
5.3.8
Example 8
Table 5.18
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX8.RGN [CS.RGN]
CEMENT-SOIL ROAD
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL
14
39
1
1
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
1.9
0.0
2
0.0
1.6
0.0
3
0.0
1.2
0.0
4
0.0
0.6
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
-0.4
0.0
7
0.0
-4.0
0.0
8
0.0
-11.8276
0.0
9
0.0
-30.0
0.0
10
5.0
1.9
0.0
11
5.0
1.6
0.0
12
5.5
1.2
0.0
13
6.25
0.6
0.0
14
7.0
1.6
0.0
15
7.0
0.0
0.0
16
7.0
-0.4
0.0
17
7.0
-4.0
0.0
18
7.0
-11.8276
0.0
19
7.0
-30.0
0.0
20
11.0
0.0
0.0
21
11.0
-0.4
0.0
22
11.0
-4.0
0.0
23
11.0
-11.8276
0.0
24
11.0
-30.0
0.0
25
19.2155
0.0
0.0
26
19.2155 -0.4
0.0
27
19.2155 -4.0
0.0
28
19.2155 -30.0
0.0
29
37.0
0.0
0.0
30
37.0
-0.4
0.0
31
37.0
-4.0
0.0
32
37.0
-11.8276
0.0
33
37.0
-30.0
0.0
34
5.5
1.6
0.0
ISMAP
2
CMFAC
1.0
5-75
5-76
35
6.25
1.2
0.0
36
7.0
0.6
0.0
37
3.5
-11.8276
0.0
38
9.0
-11.8276
0.0
39
19.2155 -11.8276
0.0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
1
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
10
1
2
11
0
0
0
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
2
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX IFY IFZ IRX
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
6
20
2
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
1
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 2
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
1
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
M6
M7
34
2
3
12
0
0
0
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
2
* CARD 3.4.2
M8
0
IRY
1
1
M8
0
M9
0
IRZ
1
1
M9
0
* IBTYPE ISX
1
0
3
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
5
22
* NT1
NT2
2
0
* MAT1
MAT2
0
0
* KS
KF
0
1
-
ISY
0
0
NDY
2
NT3
0
MAT3
0
ISZ
1
1
IFX
1
1
IFY
1
1
IFZ
1
1
IRX
1
1
IRY
1
1
IRZ
1
1
NT4
0
MAT4
0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 13
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
1
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
31
22
24
33
27
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
4
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
1
0
0
1
0
4
0
1
1
0
5
1
0
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
1
30
30
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3
MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
0
* END OF DATA
M6
23
IFY
0
1
0
1
M7
28
IFZ
1
1
1
1
M8
32
IRX
1
1
1
1
IRY
1
1
1
1
M9
39
IRZ
1
1
1
1
5-77
5-78
Figure 5.35
5.3.9
Example 9
Table 5.19
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE : EX9.RGN
MESH FOR H-204-C
* CARD 1.2
* NBLOCK NBNODE NSNODE NSNEL ISMAP
18
33
1
1
2
* CARD 2.1
* NODE X
Y
Z
1
0.0
0.1
0.0
2
154.0
0.0
0.0
3
153.883
-6.0
0.0
4
151.96
-25.
0.0
5
145.66
-50.
0.0
6
179.0
0.0
0.0
7
178.90
-6.0
0.0
8
177.25
-25.
0.0
9
171.87
-50.
0.0
10
199.
0.0
0.0
11
199.38
-1.9134
0.0
12
200.46
-3.536
0.0
13
196.415
-25.
0.0
14
191.583
-50.
0.0
15
202.09
-4.619
0.0
16
204.00
0.0
0.0
17
204.00
-5.0
0.0
18
202.46
-25.
0.0
19
197.78
-50.
0.0
20
205.91
-4.619
0.0
21
209.00
0.0
0.0
22
208.62
-1.9134
0.0
23
207.54
-3.536
0.0
24
208.51
-25.
0.0
25
203.961
-50.
0.0
26
229.00
0.0
0.0
27
228.92
-6.0
0.0
28
227.63
-25.
0.0
29
223.47
-50.00
0.0
30
254.00
0.0
0.0
31
253.93
-6.0
0.0
32
252.77
-25.
0.0
33
249.03
-50.
0.0
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
CMFAC
1.0
5-79
5-80
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 1
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
2
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
16
10
12
17
0
* M15
16
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
2
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
1
0
0
1
1
2
0
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO
NDX
NDY
1
6
6
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3 MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
1
* NSEG
5
* ALPA
NDIV
0.122 1
0.28
1
0.49
1
0.81
2
1.00
1
- - - - * CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 17
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE
2
0
ILAG
1
M6
0
IFY
1
1
M7
0
IFZ
1
1
M8
0
IRX
1
1
IRY
1
1
M9
0
IRZ
1
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
31
27
28
32
0
* M15
1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
1
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
1
0
0
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
1
25
19
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3 MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
1
* CARD 3.0
* IBETYPE
2
* CARD 3.1
* BLNAME
BLOCK 18
* CARD 3.2
* ICOORD IMODE ILAG
2
0
1
* CARD 3.3
* I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
30
26
27
31
0
* M15
1
* CARD 3.4.1
* NBOUND
2
* CARD 3.4.2
* IBTYPE ISX ISY ISZ IFX
1
0
0
1
1
2
0
1
1
1
* CARD 3.5
* MATNO NDX
NDY
1
25
6
* NT1
NT2
NT3
NT4
0
0
0
0
* MAT1
MAT2
MAT3 MAT4
0
0
0
0
* KS
KF
0
1
M6
0
IFY
1
M7
0
IFZ
1
M6
0
IFY
1
1
M8
0
IRX
1
M7
0
IFZ
1
1
IRY
1
M8
0
IRX
1
1
IRY
1
1
M9
0
IRZ
1
M9
0
IRZ
1
1
5-81
5-82
Figure 5.36
6-1
ADDRGN
Example Problem
ADDRGN is the pre-processing program which has the following two basic
functions:
C
Combine two different meshes
C
Modify existing meshes
- Change coordinates
- Change boundary codes
- Cut element
- Change material numbers
Refer to SMAP-2D User0s Manual:
C
Section 6 for input parameters for ADDRGN programs.
C
Section 3.2.3 for running ADDRGN programs
6.1 ADDRGN-2D
ADDRGN-2D is mainly used to combine or modify the existing 2dimensional Mesh Files.
Running ADDRGN-2D is described in Section 3.2.3.1 of User0s Manual and
can be selected in the following order:
RUN ADDRGN ADDRGN-2D
Graphical outputs can be obtained immediately after the execution of
ADDRGN-2D or can be plotted later on by PLOTMESH.
6-2
Table 6.2
*************************************
*
ADD2D-2.DAT
*
*************************************
* CARD 1.1
* IMOD = 0 : ADD REGION B TO REGION A
0
* CARD 2.1
* FILEA : Input file name containing REGION A
CONE.OUT
* FILEB : Input file name containing REGION B
FAR.OUT
* FILEC : Output file name to store COMBINED REGION
CNF.OUT
* CARD 2.2
* INTERFACE
0
* END OF DATA
6-3
6-4
Figure 6.1
6-5
6-6
Figure 6.2
6-7
6-8
Figure 6.3
6.1.3
6-9
Generating Mesh
Table 6.5
***************************************************************
*
ADD2D-5.DAT
*
***************************************************************
*
* CARD 1.1
* IMOD = 2 : GENERATE BASE MESH AND THEN MODIFY
2
* CARD 4.1
* NBX NBY
3
1
* CARD 4.2
* XO
YO
0.0
0.0
* CARD 4.3
* W
DX
ALPAX
14.0 0.3
-0.3
6-10
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
21.0 0.3
0.5
11.0 0.3
0.3
CARD 4.4
H
DY
ALPAY
20.0 0.3
0.5
CARD 4.5
IGMOD
1
------------------------------------------------------------CARD 3.1
FILEA
BMESH.DAT
FILEM
BMESH.OUT
CARD 3.2
NSNEL NSNODE
1
1
CARD 3.3
IEDIT = 4 : BUILD USER-SPECIFIED CURVES.
4
CARD 3.3.5.1
NODE
0
CARD 3.3.5.2
NOEL
0
CARD 3.3.5.3
IBOUND
0
CARD 3.3.5.4
NGROUP
2
XREF YREF
14.0 20.0
--------------------- GROUP 1 ------------------------------
*
*
*
SOFT ROCK
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO KF
LTPI LMAT
7
0
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
6
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
0.0
0.0
2 46.0
0.0
3 46.0 13.0
4 31.0 12.0
5 19.0
8.0
6
0.0
4.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
6
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
4
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
5
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
6
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 2 ------------------------------*
UTILITY TUNNEL
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
-3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO KF MATNOJT KFJT THICJT LTPI, LMATI, LTPO, LMATO
3
0
4
0
0.1
2
5
2
6
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
1
0
1
8.0 -6.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
2.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
1
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
2
0
2
6-11
6-12
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.2
* X0
Y0
RX
RY
THETA_B
THETA_E
0.0
0.0
2.0 2.0 0.0
360.
* -----------------------------------------------------------* END OF DATA
Figure 6.4
6-13
6-14
Figure 6.5
Figure 6.6
6-15
6-16
Table 6.6
***************************************************************
*
ADD2D-6.DAT
*
***************************************************************
*
* CARD 1.1
* IMOD = 2 : GENERATE BASE MESH AND THEN MODIFY
2
* CARD 4.1
* NBX NBY
3
2
* CARD 4.2
* XO
YO
0.0
0.0
* CARD 4.3
* W
DX
ALPAX
14.0 0.3
-0.3
21.0 0.3
0.5
11.0 0.3
0.3
* CARD 4.4
* H
DY
ALPAY
23.0 0.3
0.5
16.0 0.3
0.3
* CARD 4.5
* IGMOD
1
* ------------------------------------------------------------* CARD 3.1
* FILEA
BMESH.DAT
* FILEM
BMESH.OUT
* CARD 3.2
* NSNEL NSNODE
1
1
* CARD 3.3
* IEDIT = 4 : BUILD USER-SPECIFIED CURVES.
4
* CARD 3.3.5.1
* NODE
0
* CARD 3.3.5.2
* NOEL
0
* CARD 3.3.5.3
* IBOUND
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4
* NGROUP
22
* XREF YREF
14.0 39.0
* --------------------- GROUP 1 -----------------------------*
*
MAKING GROUND SURFACE
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
-1
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
8
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1 46.0 34.0
2 39.0 34.0
3 33.0 39.0
4 18.0 39.0
5 12.0 34.0
6
0.0 34.0
7
0.0
0.0
8 46.0
0.0
6-17
6-18
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
8
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEDN
2
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEDN
4
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
5
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEDN
6
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
7
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEDN
8
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 2 -----------------------------*
*
SOFT ROCK
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO KF
LTPI LMAT
7
0
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
6
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1 46.0
0.0
2 46.0 33.0
3 31.0 32.0
4 19.0 28.0
5
0.0 24.0
6
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
6
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
4
1
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
5
1
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
6
1
0
3
* --------------------- GROUP 3 -----------------------------*
*
FAULT
*
* MTYPE
-2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNOJT KFJT THICJT LTPI, LMATI, LTPO, LMATO
5
0
0.1
0
0
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
4
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1 46.0 29.0
2 29.0 19.0
3 16.0 14.0
4
0.0 10.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEDN
2
1
0
2
6-19
6-20
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 4 -----------------------------*
*
FOUNDATION
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
4
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO
KF LTPI LMAT
2
0
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
8
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1 34.5 29.0
2 34.5 30.0
3 32.5 30.5
4 32.5 39.0
5 31.5 39.0
6 31.5 30.5
7 29.5 30.0
8 29.5 29.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
8
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
4
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
5
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
6
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
6-21
6-22
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
2
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.2
* X0
Y0
RX
RY
THETA_B
THETA_E
0.0
0.0
2.0 2.0 0.0
360.
* --------------------- GROUP 7 ------------------------------*
*
SUBWAY TUNNEL
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
*
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* LTP, LMAT
* 2
5
* MTYPE
-3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO KF MATNOJT KFJT THICJT LTPI, LMATI, LTPO, LMATO
3
0
4
0
0.1
2
5
2
6
* MTYPE
*
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNO KF LTPI LMAT
*
3
0
2
5
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
4
1
1
9.0
-15.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
3.0
0.0
2 -3.0
0.0
3 -3.0 -4.0
4
3.0 -4.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
4
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
2
8
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.2
* X0
Y0
RX
RY
THETA_B
THETA_E
0.0
0.0
3.0 3.0 0.0
180.
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
6-23
6-24
6-25
6-26
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
3
1
0
3
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
4
1
0
3
* --------------------- GROUP 16 -----------------------------*
*
ANCHOR BAR - 1
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* LTP, LMAT
-3
5
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
3
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
8.0 33.0
2 13.5 28.286
3 15.0 27.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
1
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 17 -----------------------------*
*
ANCHOR BAR - 2
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* LTP, LMAT
-3
5
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
3
1
0
0.0
0.0
6-27
6-28
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
8.0 31.0
2 13.5 26.286
3 15.0 25.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
1
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
2
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 18 -----------------------------*
*
PILE
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
-2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* MATNOJT KFJT THICJT LTPI, LMATI, LTPO, LMATO
5
0
0.1
2
6
0
0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
2
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
8.0 34.0
2
8.0 21.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
1
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 19 -----------------------------*
*
STRUT-1
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* LTP, LMAT
3
5
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
6-29
6-30
* NP
X
Y
1
0.0 30.0
2
8.0 30.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
1
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* --------------------- GROUP 22 -----------------------------*
*
STRUT-4
*
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.1
* MTYPE
2
* CARD 3.3.5.4.1.2
* LTP, LMAT
3
5
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.1
* NPOINT MOVE IREF XLO
YLO
2
1
0
0.0
0.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.2.2
* NP
X
Y
1
0.0 28.0
2
8.0 28.0
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3
* NSEGMENT
1
* CARD 3.3.5.4.3.1
* SEGNO LTYPE NDIV IEND
1
1
0
2
* -----------------------------------------------------------* END OF DATA
Figure 6.7
6-31
6-32
Figure 6.8
Figure 6.9
6-33
6-34
Figure 6.10
7-1
SUPPLEMENT
Example Problem
7-2
Table 7.1 illustrates options available to the program XY and the user
inputs specific to NF=6. Computed coordinates of the normal point are
stored in the output file XY.OUT and are listed in the bottom part of Table
7.l.
Table 7.1
XY Example Problem
END OF COMPUTATION.
NF= 6
R,
Xo,
Yo,
TA
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TAC,
CD
45.0 3.0
User inputs are bold.
Output file contains following information:
COMPUTED POINTS NORMAL TO CIRCULAR ARC
R
= 5.000000
Xo
= 0.000000E+00
TA
= 0.000000E+00
TAC
Yo
= 0.000000E+00
= 45.000000
CD
= 3.000000
XC
= 3.535527
YC
= 3.535540
XD
= 5.656844
YD
= 5.656865
NF = 6
INPUT
R,
XO ,
TAC,
R
5.0
XO , YO
0.0,
TA
0.0
TAC
45.0
CD
3.0
Figure 7.1
YO ,
TA
CD
0.0
XY example problem.
7-3
7-4
7.2
CARD NO = 0
8.2
EXIT
ELEMENT ACTIVITY
CARD NO = 8.2
Type file name to store output:
NF =
0
1
CARDS.OUT
END OF GENERATION
GENERATE ELEMENT ACTIVITY/ DEACTIVITY
NF = 1
NEL (start), NEL (end), NAC, NDAC
101
120
0
6
NF =
0
1
END OF GENERATION
GENERATE ELEMENT ACTIVITY/ DEACTIVITY
NF = 1
NEL (start), NEL (end), NAC, NDAC
121
130
3
50
NF =
0
1
END OF GENERATION
GENERATE ELEMENT ACTIVITY/ DEACTIVITY
NF = 0
User inputs are bold.
Table 7.3
* NEL
NAC NDAC
*
101
0
6
102
0
6
103
0
6
104
0
6
105
0
6
106
0
6
107
0
6
108
0
6
109
0
6
110
0
6
111
0
6
112
0
6
113
0
6
114
0
6
115
0
6
116
0
6
117
0
6
118
0
6
119
0
6
120
0
6
*
121
3
50
122
3
50
123
3
50
124
3
50
125
3
50
126
3
50
127
3
50
128
3
50
129
3
50
130
3
50
* NFAD =
30
7-5
8-1
LOAD
Example Problem
8.1 LOAD-2D
LOAD-2D is the pre-processing program which can be used to generate
external force (pressure), specified velocity, initial velocity, base
acceleration, and transmitting boundary. For the detailed description of
input parameters, refer to section 10.2 of User0s Manual.
Running LOAD-2D is described in Section 3.2.7 of User0s Manual and can
be selected in the following order:
RUN
LOAD
LOAD-2D
8.1.1 Example 1
Example 1 is to show the pressure load generation along the surfaces of
elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 as schematically shown in Figure 8.1. Triangular
pressure loads are acting on the surfaces of elements 1, 2 and 3. Right
surfaces of elements 3 and 4 are subjected to the uniformly distributed
pressure of 1.0.
8-2
2D SECTION
NUMNP
N C O NT
NBEAM NTRUS
9
4
0
0
N O D A L C O O R D INATES
NODE
ISX
ISY IFX IFY IRZ
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
1
1
0
6
0
0
1
1
0
7
0
0
1
1
0
8
0
0
1
1
0
9
0
0
1
1
0
E L E M E N T I N D EX
NEL
I1
I2
I3
I4
M5
1
4
1
2
5
0
2
5
2
3
6
0
3
7
4
5
8
0
4
8
5
6
9
0
XC
12.
6.
0.
18.
18.
18.
24.
24.
24.
M6
0
0
0
0
M7
0
0
0
0
YC
0.
-8.
-16.
0.
-8.
-16.
0.
-8.
-16.
M 8 MATC KS KF IR
0
4 0 1 2
0
4 0 1 2
0
4 0 1 2
0
4 0 1 2
IS
2
2
2
2
TBJWL
.0000E+00
.0000E+00
.0000E+00
.0000E+00
Table 8.2
*
* LOAD-2D INPUT
*
* CARD 1.1
* TITLE
TITLE
* CARD 1.2
* NCTYPE
0
* CARD 2.1
* NUMLS
3
* CARD 2.2.1
* LSNO
1
* CARD 2.2.2
* NUMNODE
3
* CARD 2.2.3
* LISTING OF NODES
9, 7, 8
* CARD 2.2.1
* LSNO
2
* CARD 2.2.2
* NUMNODE
3
* CARD 2.2.3
* LISTING OF NODES
7, 4, 1
* CARD 2.2.1
* LSNO
3
* CARD 2.2.2
* NUMNODE
3
* CARD 2.2.3
* LISTING OF NODES
1, 2, 3
* CARD 3.1
* NUMLF
3
* CARD 3.2.1
* LFNO
1
8-3
8-4
* CARD 3.2.2
* A-X0
A-XX
A-XY
-1.,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.3
* A-Y0
A-YX
A-YY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.4
* A-N0
A-NX
A-NY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.1
* LFNO
2
* CARD 3.2.2
* A-X0
A-XX
A-XY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.3
* A-Y0
A-YX
A-YY
1.0,-0.083333,0.0
* CARD 3.2.4
* A-N0
A-NX
A-NY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.1
* LFNO
3
* CARD 3.2.2
* A-X0
A-XX
A-XY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.3
* A-Y0
A-YX
A-YY
0.0,
0.0,
0.0
* CARD 3.2.4
* A-N0
A-NX
A-NY
0.0,
0.0, -0.125
* CARD 4.1
* NUMLH
2
* CARD 4.2.1
* LHNO
1
* CARD 4.2.2
* NUMTP
3
* CARD 4.2.3
* T1
T2
T3
0.0 1.0 4.0
* CARD 4.2.4
* C1
C2
C3
2.0 2.0 0.0
* CARD 4.2.1
* LHNO
2
* CARD 4.2.2
* NUMTP
4
* CARD 4.2.3
* T1
T2
T3
T4
0.0 2.0 4.5 6.0
* CARD 4.2.4
* C1
C2
C3
C4
0.0 4.0 3.0 0.0
* CARD 5.1
* LSNO LFNO LHNO
1,
1,
1
2,
2,
1
3,
3,
2
0,
0,
0
* END OF INPUT DATA
8-5
8-6
Table 8.3 Listing of generated load output file LOAD2D.OUT for example 1
* CARD 9.2.1
* NUMLP
12
* L O A D H I S T O R Y NO: 1
* CARD 9.2.2
* NODE
IDOF
LHNO
CINT
1
2
1
-.74998E+01
4
2
1
-.56999E+02
7
1
1
-.96000E+02
7
2
1
-.55500E+02
8
1
1
-.19200E+03
9
1
1
-.96000E+02
* L O A D H I S T O R Y NO: 2
* CARD 9.2.2
* NODE
IDOF
LHNO
CINT
1
1
2
.12000E+02
1
2
2
-.90000E+01
2
1
2
.40000E+02
2
2
2
-.30000E+02
3
1
2
.12000E+02
3
2
2
-.90000E+01
* E N D O F L O A D HISTORY
* CARD 9.2.3.1
* NTFUN
NUMLH
0
2
* CARD 9.2.3.2
* NUMTP
NTYPE
DTXX
6
1
.00000E+00
* CARD 9.2.3.3
* L I S T I N G O F TIME POINTS
.00000E+00
.10000E+01 .20000E+01 .40000 E+01
* CARD 9.2.3.4
* L I S T I N G O F LOAD FOR HISTORY NO: 1
.20000E+01
.20000E+01 .13333E+01 -.59605 E-07
* CARD 9.2.3.4
* L I S T I N G O F LOAD FOR HISTORY NO: 2
.00000E+00
.20000E+01 .40000E+01 .32000 E+01
* E N D O F L O A D DATA
.45000E+01
.60000E+01
.00000E+00
.00000E+00
.30000E+01
.00000E+00
9, 7, 8
7, 4, 1
1, 2, 3
Px = - 1.0
PY = 1.0 - ( 1/12) X
Pn = - 0.125 Y
Figure 8.1
8-7
8-8
Figure 8.2
9-1
PLTDS
Example Problem
C
C
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 to include all nodes except the last node.
9-6
9-7
17. Updated nodal coordinates are saved in the file MeshFile.Mes in the
Working Directory.
9-8
8. Click Node For New Code message will be shown in the status bar
along with the x and y coordinates at the current location of mouse
point.
9-9
11. If there are other nodes for the new boundary codes, repeat steps 7
through 10.
9-10
14. Updated boundary codes are saved in the file MeshFile.Mes in the
Working Directory.
9-11
9-12
9-13
11. If there are other elements for the new material data, repeat steps 7
through 10.
12. For all these changes to be
effective, select Element
Update Material
14. Updated material data is saved in the file MeshFile.Mes in the Working
Directory.
9-14
5. Double-click the plot items where you want to include draw items. In
this example, let0s take the first item Finite Element Meshes
6. Let0s add a circle with a radius of 2 at the origin of the mesh. Select
the desired color from the Draw-Style Color menu.
7. Select Draw Arc
9-15
9.5
View Options
9-16
Under default settings, finite element meshes are drawn with elements
filled by colors.
9-17
When you check Black for Element Outline and None for Element Fill,
finite element meshes are drawn with elements outlined by black line.
This is the useful options when printing meshes using black/white printers.
10-1
PLTXY
Example Problem
10-2
10.1 Example 1
Example 1 is to show the line types, dash types and mark types which are
available from PLTXY plot.
Table 10.1 lists the file PLTXYO.DAT used for Example 1. This file can be
found in C:\SMAP\SMAP2D\EXAMPLE\PLOT\EXAMPLE1.
Users are allowed to edit contents in the right hand side of equal sign =.
The X-Y data of each curve is followed by the following three lines:
0.0
123456.
Legend Main Title
Legend Sub Title
The last line of each plot has
0.0
987654.
Table 10.1
10-3
********************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
1
*
********************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Dash Type
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Legend
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label
C
MAN.-SCALE :
IXY = 1
LINE-TYPE :
ILT = 1
DASH-TYPE :
ILD = 1
MARK-TYPE :
IMK = 1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 10
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
1:
list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
-2:
node data, list node numbers only
C
2: element data, list element numbers only
C
-3:
node data, list node numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
C
3: element data, list elem numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
C
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 0
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 5
XS = 0.0
XE = 5.0
NXDEC = 1
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
C
LOGX = 0
NXD = 0
10-4
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX = 5.0
NODY = 6
YS = 0.0
YE = 12.0
NYDEC = 1
YSCALE = 1.0
C
LOGY = 0
NYD = 0
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE =
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ******************************************************************
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 1
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 2
LEGEND
1.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 3
LEGEND
1.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 4
LEGEND
1.0
5.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
4.0
5.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
10-5
CURVE 5
LEGEND
1.0
6.0
2.0
6.0
3.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 6
LEGEND
1.0
7.0
2.0
7.0
3.0
7.0
4.0
7.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 7
LEGEND
1.0
8.0
2.0
8.0
3.0
8.0
4.0
8.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 8
LEGEND
1.0
9.0
2.0
9.0
3.0
9.0
4.0
9.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 9
LEGEND
1.0
10.
2.0
10.
3.0
10.
4.0
10.
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 10
LEGEND
.000000E+00 .987654E+06
********************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
2
*
********************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Mark Type
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Legend
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label
C
MAN.-SCALE :
IXY = 1
10-6
LINE-TYPE :
DASH-TYPE :
MARK-TYPE :
ILT = 1
ILD = 1
IMK = 1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 10
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list
C
1:
list data, list
C
-2:
node data, list
C
2: element data, list
C
-3:
node data, list
C
3: element data, list
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
C
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 0
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 5
XS = 0.0
XE = 5.0
NXDEC = 1
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
C
LOGX = 0
NXD = 0
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX = 5.0
NODY = 6
YS = 0.0
YE = 12.0
NYDEC = 1
YSCALE = 1.0
C
LOGY = 0
NYD = 0
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE = -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ******************************************************************
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 1
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 2
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 3
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 4
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 5
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 6
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 7
LEGEND
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
.123456E+06
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
.123456E+06
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
.123456E+06
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
.123456E+06
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
.123456E+06
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
.123456E+06
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
.123456E+06
10-7
10-8
1.0
8.0
2.0
8.0
3.0
8.0
4.0
8.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 8
LEGEND
1.0
9.0
2.0
9.0
3.0
9.0
4.0
9.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 9
LEGEND
1.0
10.
2.0
10.
3.0
10.
4.0
10.
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 10
LEGEND
.000000E+00 .987654E+06
********************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
3
*
********************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Dash and Mark Type
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Legend
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label
C
MAN.-SCALE :
IXY = 1
LINE-TYPE :
ILT = 1
DASH-TYPE :
ILD = 1
MARK-TYPE :
IMK = 1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 10
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
1:
list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
-2:
node data, list node numbers only
C
2: element data, list element numbers only
C
-3:
node data, list node numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
C
3: element data, list elem numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
C
10-9
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 0
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 5
XS = 0.0
XE = 5.0
NXDEC = 1
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
C
LOGX = 0
NXD = 0
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX = 5.0
NODY = 6
YS = 0.0
YE = 12.0
NYDEC = 1
YSCALE = 1.0
C
LOGY = 0
NYD = 0
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE =
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ******************************************************************
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 1
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
CURVE 2
LEGEND
1.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
10-10
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 3
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 4
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 5
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 6
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 7
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 8
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 9
LEGEND
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
.000000E+00
CURVE 10
LEGEND
.000000E+00
3.0
.123456E+06
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
.123456E+06
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
.123456E+06
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
.123456E+06
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
.123456E+06
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
.123456E+06
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
.123456E+06
10.
10.
10.
10.
.123456E+06
.987654E+06
Figure 10.1
10-11
10-12
Figure 10.2
Figure 10.3
10-13
10-14
10.2
Example 2
Example 2 is to show the semi-logarithmic and log. - log. scale plots which
are available from PLTXY plot.
Table 10.2 lists the file PLTXYO.DAT used for Example 2. This file can be
found in C:\SMAP\SMAP2D\EXAMPLE\PLOT\EXAMPLE2.
When you specify LOGX=1, XS and XE represent starting and ending
coordinates of X, respectively, and NXD represents number of divisions in log.
X axis.
Figure 10.4, 10.5 and 10.6 show the semi-log. and log. - log. scale plots
obtained by executing C:\SMAP\CT\CTPLOT\PLTXY.
Table 10.2
********************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
1
*******************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Log. - Arithmatic Scale Plot
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Example
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label [log.]
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label [Arithmatic]
C
MAN.-SCALE :
IXY = 1
LINE-TYPE :
ILT = 1
DASH-TYPE :
ILD = 1
MARK-TYPE :
IMK = 1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 1
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
1:
list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
-2:
node data, list node numbers only
C
2: element data, list element numbers only
C
-3:
node data, list node numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
C
3: element data, list elem numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
10-15
C
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 1
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 2
XS = 1.0
XE = 1000.0
NXDEC = 0
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
C
LOGX = 1
NXD = 3
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX = 5.0
NODY = 5
YS = 0.0
YE = 1000.
NYDEC = 0
YSCALE = 1.0
C
LOGY = 0
NYD = 0
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE =
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ****************************************************************
1.0
1.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
X = LOG SCALE
Y = ARITHMATIC
.000000E+00 .987654E+06
*******************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
2
*******************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Arithmatic - Log. Scale Plot
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Example
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label [Arithmatic]
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label [Log.]
10-16
C
MAN.-SCALE :
LINE-TYPE :
DASH-TYPE :
MARK-TYPE :
IXY
ILT
ILD
IMK
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 1
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list
C
1:
list data, list
C
-2:
node data, list
C
2: element data, list
C
-3:
node data, list
C
3: element data, list
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
C
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 1
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 5
XS = 0.0
XE = 1000.0
NXDEC = 0
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
C
LOGX =
NXD =
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX =
NODY =
YS =
YE =
NYDEC =
YSCALE =
C
LOGY =
NYD =
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE =
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
0
0
5.0
3
1.0
1000.
1
1.0
1
3
1
1
1
2
0
2
3
0
3
4
0
4
5
0
5
6
0
6
7
0
7
8
0
8
9
0
9
10
0
10
10-17
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ******************************************************************
1.0
1.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
X = ARITHMATIC
Y = LOG. SCALE
.000000E+00 .987654E+06
********************************************************************
*
PLOT NO:
3
********************************************************************
C Following data can be modified to change plotting configuration
TITLE
(50 CHAR) = Log. - Log. Scale Plot
SUB-TITLE (50 CHAR) = Example
XLABEL
(50 CHAR) = X - Label [log.]
YLABEL
(50 CHAR) = Y - Label [log.]
C
MAN.-SCALE :
IXY = 1
LINE-TYPE :
ILT = 1
DASH-TYPE :
ILD = 1
MARK-TYPE :
IMK = 1
C
LEGEND-OPT. :
ILG = 1
TOTAL CURVE :
NLG = 1
LEGEND-LEN : DXLEGN = 0.0
C
C IELEM= 0: no list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
1:
list data, list X-label & X-tick number
C
-2:
node data, list node numbers only
C
2: element data, list element numbers only
C
-3:
node data, list node numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
C
3: element data, list elem numbers, X-tick no. & X-label
EL-LIST-OPT : IELEM = 0
C
FRAMING :
IFM = 1
CENTERING :
ICENL = 1
GRIDING :
IGRID = 1
C X-coordinate data
XMAX = 5.0
NODX = 3
XS = 1.0
XE = 1000.0
NXDEC = -1
XSCALE = 1.0
C
IGENX = 0
XDELTA = 0.0
10-18
C
LOGX = 1
NXD = 3
C Y-coordinate data
YMAX = 5.0
NODY = 5
YS = 1.0
YE = 1000.
NYDEC = -1
YSCALE = 1.0
C
LOGY = 1
NYD = 3
C Individual curve
C
CURVE NO:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR ILN=1:LINE-TYPE =
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOR ILD=1:DASH-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
FOR IMK=1:MARK-TYPE =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
C ******************************************************************
1.0
1.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
.000000E+00 .123456E+06
X = LOG SCALE
Y = LOG SCALE
.000000E+00 .987654E+06
Figure 10.4
10-19
10-20
Figure 10.5
Figure 10.6
10-21
SMAP-2D
Structure Medium Analysis Program
2-D Static, Consolidation and Dynam ic
Analysis for Dry, Saturated and
Partially Saturated Soils
and Rock Mass
Theory
Contents
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
..................................
2-1
..................................
2-2
..............................
2-5
2-9
2-13
2-21
.....................
2-22
2-25
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
3.1.2
3-2
3.1.3
Failure Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2
3.1.4
Flow Rule
3-4
3.1.5
Consistency Equation
3.1.6
3.1.7
Calculation of {a}
..............................
......................
3-5
......
3-5
........................
3-6
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-14
3.2.2
Notations
.............................
3-14
3.2.3
3-15
3.2.4
Elastic Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-15
3.2.5
Failure Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-18
3.2.6
3-19
3.2.7
3-25
......
Contents
.......................
3-28
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-29
3.4.2
.................
3-30
3.4.3
3-30
3.4.4
...................
3-31
3.4.5
3-32
3.4.6
3-34
3.4.7
Consistency Equation
.....................
3-34
3.4.8
Evaluation of d8 p
........................
3-34
3.4.9
.................
3-35
..................
3-36
3.5.1
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-37
3.5.2
Hydrostatic Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-37
3.5.3
3-38
3.5.4
Parameter Determination
..................
3-38
3.6.1
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-42
3.6.2
Strain-Displacement Relation
...............
3-42
3.6.3
...............
3-44
3.6.4
3-45
3.6.5
3-46
Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-49
3.7.2
Stress-Strain Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-49
3.7.3
3-51
4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-1
Introduction
1-1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
SMAP-2D, which is an upgraded follow-on to the original MPDAP (MultiPhase Dynamic Analysis Program), is a two-dimensional finite element
computer program which has been continuously improved based on
theoretical and experimental works since 1982. The program has been
used to study fundamental mechanics of saturated porous medium. The
program can be a powerful tool for the geomechanical analysis since it can
solve static, consolidation and dynamic problems in dry, partially saturated
or fully saturated soils and porous rock mass. The program considers
material, geometric and boundary condition nonlinearities. Next two
sections describe theoretical backgrounds of the program SMAP-2D.
Section 2 describes theoretical formulations of nonlinear two-phase
medium. Nonlinear compressibility equations are derived in detail for
grains, saturated pore water, and partially saturated pore water. Field
equations representing fundamental mechanics of two-phase medium are
presented.
These field equations include effective stress law, constitutive equation for
skeleton deformation, continuity equation of pore fluid, equation of
motion for the bulk mixture, and equation of motion for pore fluid. Then,
these field equations are discretized in space and expressed in incremental
forms. Finally, global equilibrium equations are derived by principle of
virtual work and then linearized to be solved by linear equation solver.
1-2
Introduction
2-1
2.1 Introduction
Biot introduced fundamental analytical work describing the behavior of
saturated porous media in a series of papers extending over many years
(e.g. 1956, 1962a and 1962b). Other investigators have applied Biot's
analytic results using techniques which approximate his equations with
varying degrees of accuracy and sophistication (e.g. Ghaboussi and
Wilson 1972, Mengi and McNiven, 1977). Theoretical formulations
incorporated in the code SMAP-2D are the extension of Biot's two-phase
theory to nonlinear region. These nonlinear two-phase theories have
been developed over a decade under the sponsorship of Air Force Office of
Scientific Research (e.g. Kim and Blouin 1984, Kim et al. 1986, 1987 and
1988).
In this section, the fundamental equations implemented in the code SMAP2D are described. First the individual material components
compressibility models are described in Subsection 2.2 for the solid grain,
Subsection 2.3 for the pore water and Subsection 2.4 for the partially
saturated water. Nonlinear material models of the skeleton are presented
in Section 3. Field equations described in Subsection 2.5 include effective
stress law, constitutive equation for skeleton deformation, continuity
equation of pore fluid flow, equation of motion for the bulk mixture and
2-2
(2.1)
where:
cL
co
vp
S
=
=
=
=
(2.3)
2-3
where:
Fp
Do
M
,p
=
=
=
=
and solving for peak particle velocity as a function of peak stress yields
(2.5)
where
(2.6)
Substitution of Equation 2.1, 2.5, and 2.6 into Equation 2.3 gives:
(2.7)
(2.8)
2-4
(2.9)
(2.10)
(2.11)
and
(2.12)
Hence, Equations 2.5 through 2.12 can be used to define the high pressure
constrained stress strain and modulus relationships for the solid grains.
For two phase, coupled calculations, the volumetric relationships for the
solid grains should be specified in terms of the bulk modulus, Kg, rather
than in terms of the constrained modulus. At high pressures, the shear
strength of the grain materials becomes insignificant compared to the
applied stress and the materials tend to behave like fluids. At these
pressures, the tangent bulk modulus equals the tangent constrained
modulus with Poisson's ratio equal to 0.5. Beneath some threshold
pressure, pb, Poisson's ratio begins to decrease from 0.5 at pb to an initial
value of Poisson's ratio, < o, at a low value of mean stress. We have used a
simple relationship to approximate the influence of mean stress on
Poisson's ratio for the solid grains:
(2.13)
2-5
The ratio of the bulk modulus to the tangent constrained modulus, g(p) at
pressures less than pb is given by:
(2.14)
(2.15)
vp > vpt :
(2.18)
2-6
where:
c
vp
c1 ,S1 ,S2
c2 ,S3
=
=
=
=
Equation 2.18 can also be expressed in terms of the shock velocity at the
transition point, ct. Substituting vpt into Equation 2.18 yields:
(2.19)
Substituting 2.19 into 2.18 produces this expression for the shock velocity
above the transition:
vp > vpt:
(2.20)
where:
ct
vpt
=
=
At the transition point, the shock velocity from Equations 2.17 and 2.20
should be equal to preserve continuity. Setting Equations 2.17 and 2.20
equal at vp = vpt gives:
(2.21)
2-7
(2.22)
where:
Bp
Do
=
=
(2.24)
(2.25)
where
(2.26)
2-8
(2.27)
(2.28)
(2.29)
(2.31)
(2.32)
(2.33)
2-9
(2.34)
Substitution of Equations 2.32 and 2.34 into 2.31 gives an expression for
the bulk modulus in terms of the shock and peak particle velocities:
(2.35)
The derivatives of the shock velocity with respect to the peak particle
velocity are given by:
For B p # B pt:
(2.36)
The material constant values for this model are given in Table 2.1 for fresh
water and sea water. The fresh water values are from Bakanova, et. al.
(1976) as reported by Ahrens (1988). Parameters for sea water were fit
to compressibility data described by Kim, et. al. (1986) and attributed to
Britt (1985).
2-10
(2.38)
where:
, v,aw =
, v,a =
, v,w =
So
From Equations 2.38 and 2.39 we can get an expression for the
compressibility of the air-water mixture:
(2.40)
Since the compressibility is the inverse of the bulk modulus, Equation 2.40
can be expressed as:
(2.41)
where:
Kaw =
Ka
Kw
=
=
2-11
The volume strain and the equivalent bulk modulus of the air bubbles in
the pore fluid are derived here using the adiabatic ideal gas law ((-law).
The model has been shown to be applicable when the degree of pore water
saturation is above approximately 85% where the pore air is thought to
exist as small bubbles within the fluid (occluded state).
The model is derived from the adiabatic ideal gas law:
(2.42)
where
B ao
Ba
vao
va
(
(2.43)
Substituting Equation 2.42 into Equation 2.43, we can express the volume
strain of air bubble in terms of air pressure:
(2.44)
where
B
2-12
Pa
(2.46)
(2.48)
(2.49)
Equations 2.35 and 2.49, when substituted into Equation 2.41, define the
compressibility of the pore air-water mixture. The model does not
employ an explicit expression for the saturation point, where the air
bubbles no longer exist. However, Equation 2.49 implies that the
stiffness of the pore air increases with the pressure. As the pressure
increases, the contribution of the air to the net compressibility of the
mixture becomes insignificant when compared to the compressibility of
the water. This, in essence, results in fully saturated behavior but with a
smooth model transition during collapse of the air bubbles. An example
pressure-volume curve for water with an initial air content of 5% is shown
in Figure 2.1. Notice that the mixture becomes pressure saturated at a
volume strain of about 5%.
2-13
Parameter
Unit
kg /m3
D0
Fresh Water
Sea Water
1002.8
1026
c1
m/s
1500
1522
S1
2.00
1.97
S2
s/m
S3
1.144
1.123
vpt
m/s
4000
4573
ct
m/s
7788
8653
B pt
MPa
31,240
-1.07 x 10-4
-0.898 x 10-4
40,600
where
F ij
F'ij
* ij
* ij
* ij
=
=
=
=
=
Total stress
Effective stress
Kronecker's delta
0 if
i j
1 if
i =j
2-14
(2.51)
The last term in Equation 2.51 is the strain in the skeleton resulting from
compression of the solid grains by the pore pressure.
Continuity Equation of Pore Fluid Flow
The continuity equation for pore fluid flow is derived from mass
conservation relationships. The volumetric strain of the pore fluid, , f, is
given by
(2.52)
where
Cf
B
=
=
where
Cg
p'
2-15
(2.54)
The
(2.55)
Differentiating
(2.56)
(2.57)
Conservation of mass for the pore fluid within a specified initial volume of
saturated porous material is given by
(2.58)
where as illustrated in Figure 2.2, the terms to the left of the equal sign
represent the fluid mass under the initial conditions and the terms to the
right represent the same fluid mass under deformed conditions.
2-16
where
, F = Volumetric diffusion of pore fluid as depicted in Figure 2.2
Solving Equation 2.59 for d, F and discarding second order terms yields
(2.60)
(2.61)
(2.62)
2-17
(2.65)
or
(2.66)
(2.67)
where
(2.68)
and
(2.69)
2-18
(2.70)
(2.71)
The term (1-n)D s is the mass of the soil skeleton per unit volume of
saturated material, where n is the porosity and D s is the mass density of the
solid grains. ui is the displacement of the skeleton in the i direction and i
is the acceleration of the skeleton in the i direction. The term nD f is the
mass of pore fluid per unit volume of saturated material where D f is the
mass density of the pore fluid. Ui is the absolute displacement of the pore
fluid in the i direction.
The bulk mass density of the saturated material, D, is given by
(2.72)
Substitution of the value for (1-n)D s from Equation 2.72 into Equation
2.70 gives
(2.73)
2-19
(2.77)
where
B ,i
g
Df
k
$f
w
0
=
=
=
=
=
2-20
The first term in Equation 2.77 is simply Darcy's law while the velocity
squared term was apparently first proposed by Forchheimer (1901). The
first two terms represent the frictional component of the pressure gradient
while the last term accounts for the inertial effect of fluid flow.
Equation 2.77 can also be written in the form:
(2.78)
(2.79)
Hence, the flow of pore fluid in the soil skeleton is governed by Equations
2.78 and 2.79 and the flow coefficients k and $ f which can be determined
from laboratory test data. Using the Equation 2.75, Equation 2.78 can be
expressed in terms of skeleton and apparent relative fluid motions given
by
(2.80)
More recently, Blouin and his coworkers (1991) have proposed a refined
expression of the Forchheimer model that, while remaining equivalent to
Equation 2.77, clarifies the distinction between fluid-related and skeletonrelated permeability properties. This new expression is:
(2.81)
where
:
",$
2-21
(2.82)
(2.83)
While the parameters " and $ and Equation 2.81 form the preferred
expression for the permeability model, the current implementation of the
model in our numerical codes follow the form of Equations 2.77 through
2.80.
(2.84)
2-22
(2.86)
where
(2.87)
(2.89)
2-23
where
*, is the virtual strain corresponding to the virtual displacement *u.
The second equates the applied pore pressure on the boundary to the
internal pore pressure plus the flow resistance force plus the inertia force on
the pore fluid. Taking the apparent relative fluid movement as the virtual
displacement, *w, the internal virtual work done by the pore pressure should
be equal to the external virtual work. That is,
(2.90)
Replacing the field variables in Equation 2.89 and 2.90 by the discretized
nodal variables using Equation 2.84 gives the following global equilibrium
equation at time step n:
(2.91)
where
2-24
2-25
where
(2.94)
(2.95)
where
2-26
(2.96)
(2.97)
Substituting Equations 2.93 and 2.95 into Equation 2.92 and rearranging,
we can obtain the following linearized global equilibrium equations which
can be solved simultaneously at each step:
where the generalized stiffness matrix is given by
(2.98)
(2.99)
2-27
2-28
<t
< t
,v
,F
=
=
=
=
Figure 2.2
3-1
3-2
(3.1)
where F ij is the total stress tensor and Sij is the deviatoric stress tensor.
where
{dF}
[De ]
{d, e }
Stress increment
Elastic stress-strain matrix
Elastic strain increment
(3.3)
3-3
(3.4)
where
x
k
=
=
(1-k2 )
the ratio of the shear strength in triaxial extension
to the shear strength in triaxial compression at the
same mean pressure
The function R(2) describes the shape of the yield surface, as projected in
the B plane (octahedral plane). Figure 3.1 and 3.2 show the influence of
the parameter k on the shape of the yield surface. k is the ratio of the
shear strength in triaxial extension to the shear strength in triaxial
compression at the same mean pressure. k is a measure of the influence
of the intermediate principal stress on the yield surface and can vary from
0.5 to 1.0. When k is equal to unity, R(2) is circular, indicating a
Drucker-Prager or Von Mises failure model. When k is less than unity,
R(2) is a smooth cornered approximation to the Mohr-Coulomb failure
envelope.
The parameter n in Equation 3.3 determines the shape of the yield surface
in the p-q plane. For n=0, the shear strength is constant with respect to
the mean pressure and the strength envelope reduces to the Von Mises or
Tresca yield surface. For n=1/2, the strength envelope represents Hoek
and Brown (1982) failure surface. This nonlinear failure model is a
multidimensional generalization of the original one-dimensional
axisymmetric Hoek and Brown model which is based on extensive
laboratory and field data (Kim, Piepenburg and Merkle, 1986).
For n = 1, shear strength is linearly proportional to the mean pressure and
the strength envelope in the p-q plane is representative of the Drucker-
3-4
(3.5)
=0
=1
Thus, in general,
(3.6)
where
3-5
where
(3.8)
(3.9)
(3.10)
From the flow rule defined in Equation 3.6, we can rewrite Equation 3.10
as
(3.11)
Substituting Equation 3.11 into 3.7 and solving for d8, we obtain
(3.12)
Back substituting Equation 3.12 into Equation 3.11, the stress increment is
directly related to the total strain increment as follows:
3-6
(3.13)
where
(3.14)
(3.15)
where
(3.16)
3-7
The derivative of the yield function with respect to stress can be written in
general 2-dimensional condition as
(3.17)
where
3-8
Note that
n=0
Von Mises or
Tresca
"
N/A
N/A
Note:
n = 1/2
Hoek and Brown
3-9
n=1
Mohr-Coulomb or
Drucker-Prager
1000
m Fc
qN - 1
qN
Fc
N
m,s
=
=
=
Table 3.1
F1 - F3
where F 1 and F 3 are major and minor pricipal stresses
at failure.
Unconfined compressive strength
Internal friction angle
Hoek and Brown0s material constants as tabulated in
Table 3.2.
3-10
Intact
CSIR rating
NGI rating
= 100
= 150
Rock Quality
Rock Type
m =7
s =1
10.0
1.0
15.0
1.0
17.0
1.0
25.0
1.0
3.5
0.1
5.0
0.1
7.5
0.1
8.5
0.1
12.5
0.1
Good Quality
CSIR rating = 65
NGI rating = 10
0.7
0.004
1.0
0.004
1.5
0.004
1.7
0.004
2.5
0.004
Fair Quality
CSIR rating
NGI rating
0.14
0.001
0.20
0.0001
0.3
0.0001
0.34
0.0001
0.5
0.0001
Poor Quality
CSIR rating = 23
NGI rating = 0.1
0.04
0.00001
0.05
0.00001
0.08
0.00001
0.09
0.00001
0.13
0.00001
0.007
0.0
0.01
0.0
0.015
0.1
0.017
0.0
0.025
0.0
= 44
=1
Table 3.2
3-11
Clean
Table 3.3
Waste
3-12
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
3-13
3-14
3.2.2 Notations
Positive signs are used throughout this section to represent compression.
Only those symbols which are not explicitly defined in the main text will be
described below.
Pa
{,}
{, e }
{, p}
{, u}
{F}
F oct
Atmospheric pressure
Total strain vector
Elastic strain vector
Plastic strain vector associated with yield surface
Plastic strain vector associated with failure surface
Stress vector
Octahedral normal stress
J oct
<
3-15
where Kur and n are material constants obtained in the parameter fitting.
Ki represents the initial bulk modulus at low pressures and is necessary
for modeling the behavior of rock-type materials that have a definite initial
elastic behavior. In uncemented soils, Ki can be taken as a very small
value. The initial bulk modulus is also used to determine the initial
position of the yield surface by defining the initial elastic range.
During unloading or reloading, the skeleton modulus is described by one of
two segments as depicted in Figure 3.4. Between the previous peak mean
stress, F oct,max , and the transition into the nonlinear segment at F oct, b, the
3-16
(3.20)
(3.22)
Referring to Figure 3.4, the model parameters ( and $ are given by:
(3.23)
3-17
(3.25)
where the parameters Kur, n, and Ki are the same as used in Equation
3.19. Since this model is fit strictly using the slope of an initial unload
curve, it can be difficult to closely match the observed characteristics of an
unload cycle.
Fitting
Poisson's ratio (<) for a given material can be determined in a number of
ways using unload/reload data which represent the elastic response of the
skeleton. Lade and Nelson (1987) recommended obtaining Poisson's ratio
directly from strain measurements in triaxial compression unload/reload
cycles, right after stress reversal at hydrostatic conditions where:
(3.26)
where
,a
,r
,v
Axial strain
Radial strain
Volume strain
3-18
(3.28)
(3.29)
(3.30)
3-19
(3.31)
where
(3.32)
(3.33)
F oct
J oct
2
T
K
m and 0 1 are the failure constants which can be determined from the
following fitting procedure. In triaxial compression mode, R(2) = 1 and
Equation 3.31 reduces to:
(3.34)
By plotting the failure stress points from each triaxial compression test in
terms of F) oct /J oct versus F) oct /Pa, a straight line fit will yield an intercept of
1/0 1 and a slope of m/0 a. Then the parameter 0 1 is obtained simply by
taking the inverse value of intercept and the parameter m is obtained by
multiplying the slope by 0 1 .
3-20
(3.36)
where the stress quantities )I1 , )I2 , and )I3 are defined by:
(3.37)
(3.38)
(3.39)
Note that I1 is the first invariant of the total stress tensor, J2 is the second
invariant of deviatoric stress tensor and R(2) is given by Equation 3.32.
The variable q in Equation 3.36 is related to the shear stress level S as:
(3.40)
3-21
(3.41)
The parameter q has the value of zero along the hydrostatic axis and unity
along the failure surface.
Thus, the material constants which are specific to the stress function are
R 1 , h and ". Determination of these material constants will be described
at the end of this subsection.
The hardening function is given by:
(3.42)
(3.44)
3-22
Material Type
R1
Sand
Clay
Mortar
Sandstone
Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
0.018
0.006
0.004
0.0013
0.0015
0.0007
It should be noted that the values of R 1 in the above table are based on
Lade0s data (Kim and Lade, 1988) but R 1 does not have any influence on
the shape of yield surfaces on the B-plane.
Isotropic hardening constants (C and P) can be determined by fitting to
the isotropic compression test. For the isotropic compression loading,
Equation 3.35 reduces to:
(3.46)
(3.47)
so that the parameters C and P can be found from a log-log plot of (W p/Pa)
versus (I1 /Pa).
Yield constants (h and ") can be obtained by fitting to the triaxial
compression test data. Along the isotropic and triaxial compression stress
paths, Equation 3.35 has the same form as the Lade's single hardening
yield equation so that the same procedure as described by Lade and Kim,
1988 can be used to determine the yield constants (h and ").
3-23
(3.48)
where IIF, I2F, and I3F are the first, second and third invariant of the total
stress tensor, respectively, at the failure point of triaxial compression test;
I1H is the first invariant of the total stress tensor in the hydrostatic
compression test, measured at the same plastic work as for the failure
point of triaxial compression test.
The yield constant " can be determined from
(3.49)
Where q80 is the value of q at the stress level S= 0.8 and is obtained from
(3.50)
(3.51)
3-24
For the triaxial compression test, the potential constants (R 2 and :) are
related to the stresses and the plastic strains as
(3.52)
where
(3.53)
(3.54)
and
(3.55)
Note that F a and F r are the axial and radial stress, respectively, and , ap
and , rp are the axial and radial plastic strain, respectively. As described in
Equation 3.52, the constants R 2 and : now can be determined by the least
square fit of a series of > x and > y data set.
The potential surface in Equation 3.51 is mainly used to compute the
direction of the plastic strain increment during yielding.
3-25
(3.56)
3-26
Figure 3.3
3-27
3-28
where p
) is the pressure, V is the relative volume (D o/D), and E is the
internal energy density. And A, B, R1 , R2 , and T are material constants.
To simulate the progress of chemical reaction, Burn Fraction (BF) is used.
(3.58)
where
t
tb
Cd
Bs
R
Current time
Detonation time
Detonation velocity
Constant used to spread the detonation front (usually 2.5)
Element characteristic length
(3.59)
(3.60)
3-29
The following
ANFO:
A
B
R1
R2
T
E
Cd
Do
3-30
where M is the failure constant and PN and q are the alternate stress
invariants given by
(3.63)
(3.64)
where PoN is the preconsolidation pressure which grows not only with
plastic volumetric strain but also with time.
(3.65)
3-31
Where
eo
Cr
Assuming the constant Poisson0s ratio (L), the elastic tangent shear
modulus would be
(3.66)
With these effective mean pressure dependent elastic tangent moduli, the
incremental elastic constitutive law can be expressed in the following
matrix form:
(3.67)
where
{dFN}
[De ]
{d, e }
(3.68)
where
{d, p}
d8 p
{MF/MFN}
3-32
(3.69)
where
{d, c}
d8 c
{MFe /MFN}
dt
(3.70)
where
(3.71)
(3.72)
where
0
d8 v
d8 d
3-33
(3.73)
(3.74)
where
tvi
Cc
C"
(3.75)
Where
tdi
t
A
"
m
3-34
(3.77)
(3.78)
From Equation 3.68 the plastic volumetric strain increment (d, v p) can be
expressed in terms of d8 p
(3.79)
(3.80)
Substituting Equations 3.78, 3.79 and 3.80 into the Consistency Equation
3-35
(3.81)
where
and
(3.83)
3-36
(3.84)
3-37
(3.87)
3-38
and
(3.88)
3-39
(3.90)
and
(3.91)
(3.92)
(3.93)
where
(3.94)
3-40
(3.95)
Figure 3.5
Engineering Model
3-41
3-42
(3.96)
where
)( xy N
), yy N
where
[$]
3-43
Now, Substituting Equations 3.97 and 3.99 into the Equation 3.98, we
obtain
(3.100)
where
(3.101)
3-44
For , 2 # , nN < , 3
(3.102)
3-45
For , nN $ , 3
where
J max
Cohesion
Friction angle
F nN
3-46
where
3-47
3-48
Figure 3.6
3-49
3.7
3.7.1 Introduction
GDHM (Generalized Decoupled Hyperbolic Model) is the decoupled material
model which is the generalized form of the original hyperbolic model
(Duncan and Chang, 1970). Main features of GDHM include:
C
(3.107)
dJ oct = 2@ G @ d( oct
where
p
Mean pressure
,v
Volumetric strain
J oct
( oct
Bulk modulus
Shear modulus
At constant mean pressure and constant Lode angle, the shear stressstrain relation is assumed to be hyperbolic.
3-50
That is
(3.108)
That is,
(3.109)
(3.110)
3-51
where
Rf
Gi
(3.113)
The strength parameters (n, ", $, 6) are tabulated in Table 3.1 and R(2) is
given by the Equation 3.4. Note that the strength equation represents Von
Mises Model when n =1, Hoek and Brown In Situ Rock Model when n=1/2,
3-52
The initial shear modulus, Gi, in Equation 3.117 may be obtained from
the following empirical equations:
For cohesive soil (Hardin and Black, 1968)
(3.117)
where
e
OCR
K
Void ratio
Overconsolidation ratio
Parameter expressed as a function of plasticity index.
Note that stress unit is psi
(3.118)
3-53
where
<
Pa
Kur,n
F3
Poisson0s ratio
Atmospheric pressure
Material constants
Confining pressure
(3.120)
where
(3.121)
3-54
Now, substituting Equations 3.120 and 3.124 into 3.117, we can obtain
the following Duncan and Chang Hyperbolic Model (1970):
(3.124)
References
4-1
References
4-2
References
Borja, Ronaldo I., Generalized Creep and Stress Relaxation Model for
Clays, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 11, November
1992.
Britt, J.R., Behavior of Water in Low Pressure Region, unpublished
manuscript, 1985.
Dass, W.C. and D.H. Merkle, Computational Aspects of the ARA Three
Invariant Constitutive Model, Report to U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific
Research Washington, D.C., May 1986.
David E. Van Dillen, etc., Modernization of the BMINES Computer Code V
o. I: Use's Guide, Agbabian Associates, Sep. 1981.
Duncan, J.M., and C. Y. Chang, Nonlinear Analysis of Stress and Strain in
Soils, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE, vol. 96, no. SM5, pp. 16291653, September, 1970.
E.L.Lee, H.C.Hornig, and J.K.Kury, Adiabatic Expansion of High Explosive
Detonation Products, UCRL-50422, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, California, May 2, 1968.
Hardin, B.O. and W. L. Black, Vibration Modulus of Normally Consolidated
Clays, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, vol. 94, no. SM2, pp. 353-369,
March 1968.
Forchheimer, P., Wasserbewegung durch Boden, Z. Ver. Deutsch Ing., 45
pp. 1782-1788, 1901.
Ghaboussi, J., and E. L. Wilson, Variational Formulation of Dynamics of
Fluid-Saturated Porous Elastic Solids, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics
Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, pp 947-963, 1972.
Gibson, R.E., The Progress of Consolidation in a Clay Layer Increasing in
Thickness with Time, Geotechnique, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 171-182.
Hoek, E. and E.T. Brown, Underground Excavations in Rock, The Institution
of Mining and Metallurgy, London, England, 1982.
References
4-3
4-4
References