or

30Xlt10rYlt1I11H TYXAIII,Q ...

AxaLil,Q WapaLil,Q ,D,yrap>KaBbIH ,D,aM,QII1H>1( 13 lib ,D,OPHO,Q aLilMrll1Li1H 5aS'lH,QYH CyMblH VI'IA 'H xapusar, raxati >KII1JlT3Li1.

T3p633p MYV1C-,Q 3JlC3H cypanuax, YflM f-IP XAA-H ,D,33,Q CypryyJlIl1Li1r MaJlblH II1X . MI M3pr3>KJl33p TsrCCSHSSC xojiui 3XY /XYYI·H111 H3p33p/ -blH AJlMa-ATa XOTblH 300- - T' 111 HCTII1TyT, nOJlbW YJlCblH BpOLJ,JlaB XQTblH X /l A>K AxyLilH AKa,QeMII1, repMaH YJlCbiH PJlliIH XOTblH rYM6aJlb,QTbIH V1x Cypryynsr; CYPdJ11 \'..'l)1< M3pr3WII1Jl 333MWC3.H.

,D,aM,QII1H>KaB Hb ,D,oPHQA ~MIIi1~H

Tavcartiynaruaa CaHrll1Li1H a>l{ axyCiA M< J II III Ii1X 3MY33p a>KII1JlJla>K, a>KII1Jl xS,QSJlMepll1tiiH up _ 81" 3X3Jl>K ynraaap MSH aLilMrll1Li1H LJYJlYYHXOPOOT CyM, 3p33HLJ,aB CaHiVlC111 Iii L XY~H napra, Fypaauaaran cyMaH,Q MaJlblH II1X 3MY, aLilMrll1Li1H Man 3MI-t· J1r1i1~11 ~ 11"1 napra, XAA-H H3r,QJlIl1Li1H 3SBJlSJlll1Li1H opnors napra 33p3r anfia x LUI,1>I( an H 6aLilHa.

Tyyx cynnansu: ranaap 10-aa,Q cynanraausi ervvnan X3BJ1yyJ1>i<, "Any" ryarll1Li1H ,QoMrIl1Li1H TyxaLil,Q ... ", "5ypll1a,QbIH XyH aMblH II1p33,QyLilH ren B . ~A )1" II1JlTr3Jlll1Li1r 3p,Q3M WII1H>KlI1m33HII1Li1 6ara xypanzi TaBb>K 6aLilcHaac r ,CII'I Fin 1'1 YJlCblH Ocaxa XOTO,Q 60JlCOH OJlOH YJlCblH 3p,Q3M WII1H>KlI1m33HII1Li1 CII1MII II1YM /2002/-,Q OPOJlLJ,O>K "MOHroJl,Q ,QypB3>K II1pC3H 6YPll1a,Q HapblH II1pr3Hltili1 X p X3JlM3r,QyYJl3JlTII1Li1H aCYY,QaJl,Q" r3C3H C3,QB33p II1JlTr3Jl rasscaa 6 ~IID.

MSH "Mouronn naraap OPCOH 6YPll1a,Q HapblH TOBY TYYX" /2000/, "M fir II IH 6YPll1a,Q 30H" 12002/, "YJl3 ronsu- 6YPll1a,Q xouiyy 6yIOY ,D,OPHO,Q aLilMrll1!::il-l flllAYH CYM" 12005/, "5SPT3 LJOHO, AJlYH Fya HapblH cynanraauu 3apli1M 2lCYYrO'lf1t\" / 2006/, "WII1H3 Mouronuu renee T3MLJ,3>K S'lBCaH 6YPll1a,Qyy,Q, T3t:\i' . PV1~1I XYtlb 3a51a" 12006/ 33p31' HOM 6111YII1>K X3BJlYYJl>K33.

,D,.,D,aM,QII1H>KaB Hb 3,Qyr33 ,D,OPHO,Q aLilMr,II1Li1H X3PJl3H CYMblH Q.p arr aMb,QapY 6aLilraa 6sres,Q TYYHII1Li1 cyynll1Li1H yell1Li1H 6yT33Jl Hb "3rl • i;:\OPil< PII1HYII1HO rar-i X3H 6aLilB ?" r3,Q3r 3H3XYY HOM 60JlHO.

'-.:- -

ToillcOMblH AnCAH

AXA~A WAPAlJIA

,I AY~AP>KABbIH AAMAL4H>KAB

3I153r.QOP>K Pili H'-I IIIHO rsr- X3H 5AlJIB

XRHaH moxuonoyyncaH: XydaHca WapaiiiJ ToiicOMblH ranCaH

YJiaaH6aaTap XOT

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20060H

3n HOMblc 30XUOclfUUH xescyyo ,D,.,D,QMOUHCYP3H, ,D,.,D,aMouHOOP){{, ,D,.,D,aMouH6a3ap Hap US33H msmex« x3snyyn3S.

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30XUOclf ,lJ,.,D,aMOUH){{aS

XRHaH moxuonoyyncaH FFortce« KOMnbfOmepUUH onepamop,D,. Sam6onop, S. SYRH03nc3p

ACS3 XXK-o 3XUUc tisnmes»; X3sn3S.

3n63r~Op>K PHHYMHO (1888-1938)

YH3H .QYP M9pr9M YY

MOHrOIl, OpOC xoep 3Ilr3H AOTHO XaIlYYH xepw ync. Xap~IlLlaH H3BTp3IlLlA3r xaMr~IiIH TOM 600MT Hb AmaH6YIlar-HaYWKa. 500MTblH XOTXOH Hb AI1TaHOYIlarTpO~LlKOCaBCK, eBep syypaa X3AX3H 3YYH MeTp~IiIH 3alilTalil.

VlIiIM xoep XOTXOHA TyC 6yp~IiIH 6axapxax Tyyx~liIr TOMPYYH y3VVIlC3H xyascransn- napraaau, Tep~IiIH 3YTr3IlT3H, annap raasaarasrxaa HaMTap Tyyx~liIr nypaaran V3YYIlC3H xapyyncas MY3elil 6~1iI.

XOP~OA >K~Il~IiIH eM He 3Ar33p. MY3elilr W~MT3H Y33>K, anuaaa H3r3H aCYYAaIl x~liIr33A TyyX H~liIrM~IiIH 3YTr3IlT3HA33 xosp Ty0IlT ei-ureec xasnca« 5lBAIlbir a>K~pY 5lBCaH M~Hb 3Il HOMblr yHW~X 5lBLlaA TOAXQH cauarnaaaa.

Man aAryyc cynnaas, 3MH33Y, AOMHq04~IiIH apB~H 6a51Ilar apra rypurnara. axalilA wapalilAblHxaa'yr rapeanaa capyynxaa TYHraa>K ~pC3H YIlaM}I{JlaIlIOYHAaa rynryypnaa, "xyy TVP3H" MOHrOIl ryyprarusi TeA~liIrylil XyMyyH TepeIlxTH~1iI cOA MaHIlalil-M51HraHbl ~X XyH 333H 60rA Y~Hr~c xaausrxaa eHAepA33A yrcaa rapeanur TaHAaH cYAIla>K 5epT3 YOHO, AIlaH 100 HapblH 3p3IlA MOPAO>K H3r3H C3A3BT 6YT33Il ryypeucaa 60Il 3H$ YAaaA XX 3YYHbi 3X3H ye~IiIH MOHrOIlblH apAblH xysscran, rep HaM, H~liIrM~IiIH TOMOOXOH 3YTr3IlT3H, YIlC Tep~IiIH aMbApaIlA VIl3M>KX3H HeIlee 6yx~1iI 3PX3M 8Il63rAOp>K P~HY~HOr~IiIH Tyxalil MOHorpacP~ 6~.YC3H Hb ~A ranraa AeIlT31i1 axylilAaa KOMMyH~cT Y33I1 6ap~MTI1anAaa TyIiIIl6apTalil YH3HY 6alil>K, yYH~liIx33 uiaa XapaM>K~HA 3IlA3B xaTYY xeTYY yrc~liIr xaaaran COHCO>K, 3L13CT Hb eryYTr3rAC3H TYYH~1iI 60r~HoxOH aMbApaIl, XYBb rasanaar MOHrOIl xyH aHX ynaa raruxvv anasaa TyliIIlwpaIlaac aHr~A CYY>K, aesxeu W~H}I{Jl3X yxaaHbl yYAH33C YH3H 6ap~MTaA AYIlAyliIAaH eryYIlCH33P33 YH3H~liIr 3p3Ilx~IiIIl3rCA~IiIH couapxnur rarax 6ylil saa.

.Q33p eryYIlC3H xoep MY3elil H3r:3H Il~Aep~IiIH TyxalilA ~>K~IlX3H 6alilp CYYPbTalil 60IlCOH uarr >K~HX3H3 apAY~IlaIl Ll3L13rI13X yy~pTa0 6yIiI saa. .QaBTarAawrylil60AraIlb, TYVir XYMVYHk11i1 OlOyH 60AOIl, Y33Il 60APOIl, TYYIlcaH 3aM, tyypaacau 6YT33Il Hb YH3H~1iI HYA33P axapaaac ~>K~IlX3H Il 6alilx yy~p 6~1iI.

VlIiIM H3r3H YH3H MeH~1iI 3p3IlA cynnaa-: .QaMA~H}I{aB ryaa aoparnca MOPA>K33.

XOIl60rAOX 6ap~MT, M3A33 aaura, AYPAaTraIl, TyYXY, CYAIlaaYAblH cauaa OHOO YH3I13IlT AyrH3IlTYYA~liIr 3Il 6yt3~IlA33X~Y33HryIilIl$H TYYB3PIl3>K33.

Earunaa XYP~MTI1YyIlcHaa H51rTIlaH CYAaIl>K33. epeeIl~~H AyrH3IlT~liIr xaasa H3r "H51Llaa>K33". eep~IiIH AyrH3IlT33 Y TyC rae X3Il>K33.

8Il63rAOp>K P~HY~HO r3rY X3H 6a1ilB? r3C3H acyynrsrr eepree TaB~aA epreH

OIlOH TyM3HA XaHAa>K eepee xap~YIl>K33.

L\ar xyrauaa X3M33X xaMr~IiIH C3L13H WyYX~IiIH eMHeec l.lan 6yypaIl eBreH 6ap~MT TyW~H eryYIlC3H Hb OHOCOH x~liIr33A anncau xoepblHaIl~H 60IlOXblr OAOO 6~ X3Il>K yaAHaM r3>K yy?

0pYIlOHA W~H3 MOHrOIl YIlC MaHAcaH Hb YH3H

OH >K~IlYYA~IiIH urapnacaa XYYAac HOTIlOX Hb Y 6ac YH3H. 8PA3MT M3pr3A H3r~liIr X3Il3X 6yIiI saa. YH3H AYP MepreM yy!

l1oKmop IPhl TOftCOMblH t: AflCAH

4

SMHsxvr

1911 OHA MaH>KL-liiiH TSP yaaxan MOHron ync rycraap TOrTHOnOO sapnax "Born xaaar MOHron ynct-urrynxarnacaa 6aflpT M3A33 rapcas T3P uar ye3c yrcaa, naryyp H3rT3iii xanx MOHronA L-lp>K aMbAapy a>KL-lnnax xvcan 3pM3n3n3nA33 xernerncea 6YPL-laA Hap MOHroJlA X3C3r 6ynr33p33 L-lp3X 6oncoH a>K,

III Tyxa~H yefJ, MOHrOJl TYM3HA33 rycnaxaap 6YPL-laAbIH c3x33JHYYA, a>KL-lnYL-l.Q L-lp>K 6aiiicaH 60n apAblH xyescranur 63nTr3>K nsyynax ye 6onoH xyaecrarrr T3M4nL-liiiH L-lA WL-lPYYH yeA MOHron APAblH HaM IMAH/-bIH xvcsrrreap onou TOOHbl 6YPL-laA xeBryYA MOHronA L-lP>K xyascranuu yiiin X3p3rT 6L-leyn3H oponucoa 6aiiiHa.

111 Hr3}1{ L-lp3X 6oncoH YH.Q3C Hb MOHronblH xyaecransnaac SSPL-lIAH a)t(Jlblr epuvvnaaaayynaxan xyascran-t 6onoBcoH XYYL-lH L-lX33X3H AYTarAa}l{ 6aiiicaHTaiii xonoooroa 6aiiiB.

3H3 YH,QC3H,Q MO,HronblH xyaecran-uiaac KOML-lHTepHL-liii Anc AOPHOAblH HapL-liiiH 6L-lYrL-liiiH Aapra HapblH rasapr xvcarrr rapracHbl Aaryy 3pxyy My>K 6onoH Ap5aiiiranblH 6YPL-laA HapblH AOTPOOC MAH-bIH yiiin xsperr rycnanuax casanraa xYMyycL-liiir caiiiH AYPblH Hb YHAC3H A33P raprax erexuar KOML-lHTepHL-liii Anc AOPHO AaXL-lHbl ync TspL-liiiH CeK4L-liiiH MOHronblH X3nT3CT ypaanaxsra 33P3r433 6ac TL-liiiM ypuanrerr HaM 6yc 6YPL-laAYYAaA Y rapracas 6aiiiHa.

YnMaap 1920' OHbl 10-p capa 6onc0H 3pxyy, Ap 5aiiiranblH 6YPL1aA HapblH xSAsnMspYAL1iiiH L1X xypanaas ypaanrur Maw ranapxarrraa yrrau aBY33. Tyc L-lX xypan WaWL-lH uivrner, cosn, YHA3C saryyp H3rT3iii MOHronblH apA TYMHL-liii xyescransra yiiin X3P3rT rycnanuax SlBAnbir L1HTepHa4L-lOHany VYp3r r3>K Y33}1{ rycraiii L1n3pxL1iiin3nT rapracau Hb uaautaaa ax .£.IVY MOHronblH apn ryM3HA Y3vync3H rycn'aM>K A3M)t(Jl3rL1iiiH 3X YHA3C 6oncoH 6aiiiHa.1

111 Hr3cH33p Y onou TOOHbl 6YPL-laAYYA MOHronblH 3pX YsnssHL1iii T3M43nA oponuoxoop cauanaa L-ln3pxL1iiin3H, L1X3Byn3H SSPCAL-liiiH caiiiH Aypaap OAOOrL1iiiH AIlTaH6ynarL-liiiH YL1rI13n33p MOHronA Op>K L-lp>K xyascransra yiiin X3p3rT oponucos 6aiiiHa.

T3AHL-liii H3r Hb 3n63rAop}l{ PL-lHYL-lHO 6aiiiB. MOHronblH ryyXL-liiiH cyanana 3H3 xYHL1iii ync TspL-liiiH yiiin a}l{L-lnnaraaHbl ranaap SlH3 6yp33p Y33>K L-lPC3H 6aiiiHa.

1921-1990 OHA HL1iiiTJl3rAC3H cyaanraa, cypran-ranraauu onoa 6YT33nA snauryaa HaM, xyascransra C3AB33P 6L-lYC3H HOM, 30xL10nYYAaA 3.PL-lHYL-lHOrL1iiiH ync TspL-liiiH yiiin axunnaraar, ron TsnSB separasp 6L-lYL-l}l{, MOHronblH YHA3CHL1iii xyascransm ryyx3HA TOMXOH vyp3r ryiii43Tr3C3H ryYX3H 3YTr3nT3H X3M33H YH3n}l{ 6aiiiB.

XapL1H 1990 OHbl 3XH33C en xauanara eep-rnernex PL1HYL1HO 60n KOML-lHTepH, 30Y-b1H 3pX 6apL-lrYAblH saaaap sesnereer MOHronA x3p3r>KVymry, MOHronblH YAL-lPAarYAbIH caaan 6oAnorbir ep xaiiixapAarryiii,

5

------",--------------------- .. -."~--- ... ---.-------------

6yx 3y~nlll~r eeplII~H caaacsaap 6l11enyymxlII~r X1II433A3r, eeplII~r Hb 3C3pryYlpr4AIII~r Aa~CaH M3T33p Y3A3r, H3p anaapr AypTa~, 6a~p cyypaa 63X>Kyyn3xlII~H TY.fIA XOB >KIIIB xeeuerrnaer, MOHrOnblH xyescran-uiur XOOPOHA Hb ceprennvvnx sascapaac Hb eepree "aurar" onoxur XIII433A3r H3r3H 6a~caH M3T33P 61114111X Hb OnOHTO~ 60n>K33.

3H3 XYHIII~ ync TeplII~H y~n axunnaraar YH3n>K AyrH3x ranaap 1990 OHOOC XO~W TVYx CYAn ann xoep xauanara aouxanox 60n>K33. YYHIII~r 3.PIIIH4I11HO 60n XX 3YYHbi MOHronblH TVYX3H,Q ceper yyp3r ry~43rr3CGH X3M33H sororuior MOHron yncblH TVyX4AIII~H Y33n 6aplilMman 6a TVYHIII~r MarTaX xaunnara 6yxlII~ rinoH, 6yrA Ha~paMAax Conouroc, OXY-bIH 6YPlilaA 33p3r yncblH 3PA3MT3AIII~H Y33n 6oAon X3M33H TO~MnO>K 60nox IOM.2

3.PIIIH4I11Horlll~H ranaap "Conlll~H AaH3aH" IA.Aaw, 1990 oH/, "60AOO ca~,Q" m.6aT-04I11p, 1991 oH/, "HYY4 XY~BanAaaHaac Hyranaa aasxpann" I C.6aTTOrTOX, 1991 oH/, "MAXH-bIH TVYX3H TOB400H" IEpeHxlII~ penaxrop Il.Ilauraaaaa, 2001 oH/, "Mouron yncblH TyyX" V 60Tb IpeAaKTOp )I(.60nA6aarap, M.CaH}f{,Qop>K, 6.Wlllp3HA3B, 2003 oH/, "Moaron YnCblH 3acrlll~H fa3pblH rsprvva" f)I(.60n,Q6aaTap, 2003 oHI 33p3r HOM, "YH3H" 1993 OH NQ 421 118211/, "MoHronblH M3A33" 1993 OH NQ 099/5941 33p3r COHIilHA ceper 6a~,Qnaap xaararrrraa 61114111rAc3H 6a~Aar.

T3P 4 6a~TYra~ n.AaWHflM /Mo-rron YnCblH EpeHXIII~ner41AA H3p A3BWlllr4 acaa/ c04111an AeMOKpaTYYAblH H3r3H uyrnaaa A33p "YHA3CHIII~ A3BWllln" COHIIIH rapraa ,Q3nr3>K "MIIIHlII1I13aXlilanraap c3Tryyn4 Ll.Ll3p3HrIllIl1H 61114C3H 3n63rAOp>K PIIIH4111HOrlllll1H ranaap 6YT3H Hyyp MaTeplilan X3BnerAc3H. 3H3 6all1Ha, ra Hap YHwaapall1",r3>K X3n>K 6all1CHbir 3HA T3MA3rn3X Hb3Yll1T3111 6all1x.

30XIIIon4 nxa.AapbCYP3Hrlllll1H "60AOO Call1AblH 60AIII~r xerners X3H 63?" r3C3H rap-iarraa "YH3H" COHIIIHbl 1993 OHbl NQ 42 118211 I-A x3Bmr,Qc3H 6YT3H Hyyp HIIIII1m3n Hb' A33p H3P AYPAcaH C.6aTTOrTOXbIH "HYY4 xYII1SanAaaHaac ayranaa aasxpann" HOMblH 3.PIIIH4I11HOT0Il1 xoneorncoa X3Crlllll1H TOS4non 60noxblr YHwcaH X3H fionos-t asxaapaxrva 6all1XblH aprarva.

Ep Hb ync rep- X3HIII~ 4 fionoa y~n axannaraaan seper ceper Tan ans arts Hb flMap H3r3H X3M>K33r33p 6all1Arlll~r X3H XYHryll1 M3AH3. f3X,Q33 MIIIHIII~ 6111e 3.PIIIH4I11Hor 6YPyyrraAar ron X3A3H acyynnur Mywrlll>K ryll1syynanry~, 6aplilMT TVWIII>K 3HA 61114111XIII~r sopanro 60nros. fon X3A3H aCYYAan r3A3r Hb 3.PIIIH4I11HOTO~ xonoornaor A.60AOO, C.AaH3aH HapblH uaaanarncaa, A.Cyx6aarapblH YXC3H 60noH T.PblcKynosTo~ 3ep4111nAceH aCYYAan60nHo.

YYH33C yYA3H 3n63rAOp>K PIIIH4111HO r3r4 X3H 6a~s? r3Arlll~r MOHronblH renee xy4111H 3YTr3>K nscau OH >KlllnYYAIII~H XYP33HA aS4 y33xlII~r 30XIII0f'4I11~H svraac 3px3Mn3c3H 60nHo. YHwlllr4 Ta 6YX3H 3H3 XYHIII~ acyynnsrr eepc,QIII~Hxeepee WyyH TYHraa>K 60nroorryH!

30XL.10N

6

3X1l311 5YIOY TOB4 HAMTAP

. 3n 63r,Q0 p>K PIIIH4111HO Hb 6YPlilaA MOHronblH ASTOHOMIiIT YnCblH 6apra>KIIIH a~Mrlll~H 6aflHron XOWYYHbl Xsnraaar r3,Q3r rasap 1888 OH,Q Tep>K33.

T3p633p 6YPlllaAblH ync TeplII~H TOMOOXOH 3YTr3m3H 6a~caH 6eree,Q TVYHIiIIII ync TepIIIIIIH Yllln a>t<lIInnaraa OpOCT 60nOH 6YPllla,Qa,Q epaeces rypaas xysscran, IIIpr3HIIIIII ,qalllHbl >KlllnYYA3,q IIIX33X3H IIIA3SX>KC3H 10M.

3.PIIIH4Ii1HO 60n IIIMnepanlll3MblH Aapnanaac flAYY 6yypalll KonOHlAlIIH OpHbl apn TVMHllllllr 4eneenex, racnau xysaarncau YHA3CT3H, flCTHYYAblr H3rTr3X, T9A3HA rycraap TOrTHOn onrox r3C3H OKTfl6plllll1H xysscranua Y33n casaaan ryH33 IIITr3>K 6alllcaH araaa IOYHbl eMHe 6yplilaA MOHronA aSTOHOMIIIT 3pX onroxua renee TYYWTalll T3M4c9H H9r3H 60nolll.

T3p699P 1918 OHA "~x xysecran 6a CIII6111Pb ,QaXb eep YHA9CTHYY,QIIIII1H aCYYAan", "3pxyy ry6epHIIIIIIH 3esnem 3acar 6a 6YPlilaA MOHron4YY,Q" r3C3H TOSXIIIMon 61114111>K '-lIilTa XOTOA xsanvvnxae.

CIII6111Pb AaXb YHA9cHIII1I14eeHxYYA3A aSTOHOMIilT 9pX onrox acyynnaap IIImr9X xYYAac 61114111>K, 1920 OHbl 10-p capn Arsaau AOp>KllleSblH xaar B. ~.neHIIIHT3111 yynscau 6eree,Q TVYHllllllr Hb neHIIIH caauiaaa ,Q9M>K93,Q 1920 OHbl10-pcapblH 13-HbleAepOKl6/H-bIH Tea Xopooaervnc TepIIIIIIHTos400Hbi xypan XIIIII1nr3C9H 6alllHa.

T9P xypana 3.PIIIH4I11HO oponucou 6ereeA Mapraaw Hb yr acyynnaap Ync TepIIIIIIH TOS400Hbi rorroon raps, TVYHIIIIII 4-p 3y~nA: "ASTOHOMIilT 3pX onrooryll16a~raa AOPHOAblH YHA9CTHYY,Q3,Q aSTOHOMIilT 9pX onrox Hb 3YIIIT3~ r3>K y3cyr3~" r3C3H saarrr opyyncas a>K33.3

Tvvrsep 4 aorcoorva A3111 TIIISIIIII1H apn TVMHyy,Q3,Q, IOYHbl eMHe Ap MOHron4YYAaA 3pX -renee onrox rycraap TOrTHOCOH ync 60nrOXblr 3pX3Mn3H A9M>KIII>K TVYHIIIIII renee 6111e4n9H oponuox, T3M43>K nacau MOHronblH renee r3C3H YHA3CHIIIIII Y33nT9H, YHA9CHIII1I13PX 4eneeHIIIIII renee

TYYWTa~ T3M43r4 6a~s. .

TIIIIIIM 4 y4paac 1919 OHbl 9X33P '-lIilTa XOTHOO 6sep MOHron, 6apra, 6YPlllaAblH 16 reneener-raq uyrna« 4yyn>K AaryYPblH TVP 3acrllllllH rasap 6a~ryynarAaxaA T9p633p oponuox yyn 3acrlll~H raspas xoepayraap seanexeep TOMlilnOfAO>K 6alllcaH ax.

T3p633p MOHron,Q X3C3r xyrauaaraap axannaan 6Y4a>K 04COHblXOO Aapaa ynaau npodieccopyynsn, IIIHCTIIITYT3A cypanuax rerceen MOCKsa XOTHOO KYTB /Ilopao AaXIIIHbl xeAenMep4AIII~H IIIX cypryynb/-,Q nporpeccopoop axunnaxsu, xasrr Focrrnaau 9p,Q3M WIIIH>Klllnr39HIII~ IIIHCTIIITYT 60noH YHA3CHIII~ 60noH KonoHIII~H aCYYAan CYAn ax 3p,Q3M WIIIH>Klllnr33HIII~ acc04111a4111 IH~AHKn/-A 3PA3M WIIIH>Klllnr33HIIIII1 a>KlllnTHaap xascpaa axunnax 6all1>K33.4 f3S4 6YPlilaA 6a MOHronblH apn TYMHIIIIII YHA9CHIII~ 3pX 4eneeHIII~ 60noH xyascrarrr-apn-uetcaa xeAenreeHIII~ H3pT

7

3YTr3nT3H 3.P~HY~HO 1937 OHbl 7-p capblH 19-H,Q a>K~n,Qaa ssaan 3pr3>K ~p33ryC16aC1Ha. YY~p Hb ryYH~C1r naHMOHronblH rarayyn, xopnoa cyC1Tr3x 6aC1ryynnarblH y,Q~p,QarY,QbIH H3r r3C3H xanc.xsprsep 6ap~BY~n>K 3pxyy XOTblH WOpOH,Q xvprvvnaa XOPbCOH 6atlHa.

T3PXYY WOpOH,Q ryyH~tlr 297 XOHor e,Qep weHerytl rap-ranraa 30BOO>K 6aC14aa>K 6aC1raa,Q 1938 OHb16-p capblH 23-H,Q uaasaap ascaa 6aC1Ha. r3BY 3.P~HY~HOr 3C6HXY-bIH A33,Q WYYX~C1H U3pr~tlH Konner~C1H 1962 OHbI6- P capblH 18-Hbl rorroonoop uaraarrax, H3p Tep~C1r Hb c3pr33c3H 6eree,Q 3,Qyr33 opoc, 6yp~a,QbIH TVYXY~,Q HKBA-~tlH'HYY4 apxasr 6aC1caH TYYH~~ MaTep~anyy,Qblr cY,Qan>K 3Ha xYH~C1 ranaap H3n33,Q onoa HOM, cynanraauu ervvnan H~C1rnyyn>K33.

8

H3r: 3.PlitH4litHOn1~H XlitI1lit~H 4AHA,Q A>KlitI1I1ACAH YE

3.P~Hl.j~HO Hb 60r,Q xaaur 3acr~tlH ye,Q 6ylOy 1915-1916 oHYY,Qa,Q 8preereec Xescren, MeH rOBb, Tyyn, X3pn3H, OHOH ronoop ,Qatlpy MaH>KYYP xvprnsx HYTarr 6apoH B~TTer~C1H y,Q~p,QcaH 3,Q~C1H sacarCTaT~CT~K cY,QanraaHbl 3Kcne,Q~4A axunnax xyrauaauaaa C.AaH3aH 60noH 6yca,q MOHrOJ1 XYMYYCT3C1 TaH~J14caH 6aC1Ha. 3H3 Hb ryyH~C1 MOHronblH rasap 'WOpOOH tl33p xen T8BbcaH aHXHblX Hb annan 6aC1B.

Aapaa Hb 1920 OHbl 5-p capn KOM~HTepH~C1 Hap~C1H 6~Yr~C1H ,Qapra HapblH raspu« MOHrOJ1-TYB,Q~t1H X3nTC~t1H axunran C.C.60p~COB, 6.C.lAw,QoP>K HapblH xaar TeneeJ1erY,Q~iiiH 6YP3n,Q3xYYH,Q 6ana>K MOHron,Q xoep ,QaXb y,Qaaraa rvp xyrauaaraap ~pC3H ax;

3.P~Hl.j~HO Hb 1920 OHbl syuaac A.Cyx6aaTap T3pryYT3C1 MOHronblH xyBbcranl.j~,Qa,Q rycnanuax a>K~nnaCaH 6atlHa. MeH OHbl 8-p capn MAHblH reneener-uui, A33,Q W~B33H,Q 30Y-b1H KOHCYJl O.IA. MaKcTeHeKT3C1, ,Qapaa HbA33,QY,Q3,Q 0K/6/H-bIH C~6~p~iiiH TOBYOOHbl r~wVVH 6.3.WYMSl4K~C1 HapTaC1 TyC TyC yynsas; T3,QH33p ,QaM>KyynaH op-ryynarx }f{.'-I3B33H, 3.P~HY~HO uapaap rasap-utyynau 3pxyy XOTHOO xvpanuaa oY>Kaa.5

AaH3aH XO>K~M Hb 3pxyy,Q 40C16ancaHr~C1H xaur OY~X,QOO 3. P~HY~HOr cyparnau yynsax eepc,Q~C1H a>K~n,Q rycnanuyyncau 6aC1Ha. YnMaap MeH OHbl 9-p capblH sxasp C.AaH3aH, A.4ar,Qap>KaB Hap OMCK XOTOOP ,QaM>K~H MocKBa XOTHOO axunnax ye,Q 3.P~HY~HO aeanex TywManaap TOM~nor,QoH a>K~n xsparr Hb rycnanuax 6aC1B.

MOHronblH xYBbcranY~,QTaC1 MocKBa XOTHOO OYCOH 3.P~HY~HOroOC MOHronblH xyaecranua yC1n SlB4blH epsenrraa YSln,QyynaH 6yp~a,QbIH ABTOHOMblH ryxaa acyynnur rasecau Hb MocKBar~C1H xanan4aaH~C1 W~Ha 3yC1n 6atlB. 8epeep xanfian 3.P~HY~HO, 6yp~a,Qa,Q Opoc yncaac canas rycraapnax spx onrox, MOHronblH 6ypan,QaxYYH,Q aBTOHOM~T Har>K 60nro>K H~tlnyynax cauan rasecaur R71HcaH(1), Jl. M.KapaxaH(2) Hap,QaM>K~>K 6aC1B. Ta,Q MOHronblH TeneenerY,Q~tlr 6Y4caHbi ,Qapaa yyn reneanereer YH,QacH~tl Xsper 3pxnax AP,QbIH KOM~CCapaTa,Q opyyncaa 60nOBY ,QaM>Knar onoorva 6aiiiHa.6

AaH3aH 1920 OHbl HaMap xyascrarrr 6aiiiryynnarblH TeneenerY,Q~iiir raprvvnaa Aaa,Q-Y,Qa XOTO,Q axannau uaauian x~iiix axrusr aeanenaes reneanex 6atlx ye,Q 3.P~HY~HO seanex rvuraanasp TOM~nor,QoH a>K~n xaparr Hb rycanx 6aiiicaH 6eree,Q Hanaa,Q x0>KYY rapfisep "Moaron AP,QbIH HaMblH x~n~tlH YaHa,Q ,QaXb TOBYOO"-H,Q C.AaH3aHr~iiiH xasrr, TYYH~tl opnorxoop TOM~nor,QoH axannaxsa, 7

1920 OHbl 10-p capblH 03-H,Q neH~H, CTan~H, Eyxapan HapblH 6ypan,QaxYYHTaC1 OK/6/H-bIH TeB XOPOOHbl Y~c Tep~iiiH TOBYOOHbl xypana MOHron 60noH 6yp~a,Q Mourortsra aCYY,Qan xsnanusxaa P~HY~HO oponuox cauanaa xanx 6aiii>Kaa.

3.P~Hl.j~HO MeH OHbl 11-p capa 6Y4a>K ~paa,Q, Kapaxaun SlByyncaH 3aX~,Qan,Q "MAH-bIH rycraa TaneenerY,Q~iiiH ,Qapra C.AaH3aH, opnor-i ,Qapra 6eree,Q seanex P~HY~HO" ra>K 6~l.jCaH 6ap~MT 6aiiiraa axea a

9

..,..

3. PIA H'-I IIIHO 1920 OHbl cyyn ye3c OK/6/H-bIH ClA6IAPb MY>KIA~H TOB'-IOOHbl AOPHO,QbIH apn ryMHyy,QIA~H ceK41A~H spxnsrv, 1921 OHOOC KOMIAHTepHIA~ fY~43Tr3X XOPOOHbl Mouron- TYB,QIA~H X3nTCIA~H epxnervaep axannax 6oncoH T3p ye3c 3xn3H MOHronblH xYBbcran'-lIA,QTa~ ynaM O~PTOH TaHIAn4a>K, axan X3p3rT Hb 1A,Q3BXT3~ rycanx 6a~>K33.

KOMIAHTepHlA1A Anc AOPHO,QbIH HaplA~H 6111'-1rlA~H ,Qapra HapblH rasap MOHronblH xyascran-maac eepc,QIA~H xysecranr T3M4nlA~H Y33n, OHonblH 63mr3nlA~r ,Q33wnyyn3x3,Q rycanx 6a~B. Tepxvv raspur 6oplAC;: WYMfl4KIA~ TOnrO~n>K, MOHron-TYB,QIA~H X3nTCIA~r Hb 3.PIAH'-IIAHO y,QlAp,QaH AaHWIAHOB, II1w,QoP>K HapblH 33p3r XyMyyC T3H,Q a>KlAnna>K 6a~B.

3.PIAH'-IIAHO OK/6/H-bIH CIA6IAPIA~H TOB'-IOOHbl Anc AOPHO,QbIH HaplA~H 61A'-IrlA~H ,Qapra HapblH raapus MOHron-TYB,QIA~H X3nT3CT axannax 6a~cHbl XYBb,Q yr X3nTC33C MOHronblH ranaapx onou WIA~,QB3p rapraxaa 61Ae'-ln3H oponuxss. T3,Qr33p33C OHl_\nOH 1921 OHb12-p capuu 1 O-H,Q 6oncoH "Moaron OpHbl 6a~,Qan 6a KOMIAHTepHIA~ Anc AOPHO,QbIH Teneener'-l,QIA~H raspaac MOHron,Q xapsrxvvnex O~PbIH yelA~H npaKTIAK 30plAnTYY,Qb1H ryxaa' x3n3n4c3H xypnur X3n>K 6onHo. II1~M,Q 3.PIAH'-IIAHOrlll~H Y33n 6o,Qon, 6a~p cyyps MOHronblH acyyanur WIA~,Q3X3,Q flMap H3r X3M>K33r33p ueneenx 6a~caH r3>K y3H39.

3.PIAH'-IIAHO LJIATa XOTO,Q MOHron xanasp X3Bn3r,QC3H "Moaron, 6YPlAa,Qb1H caaan" csrrvvnn MOHron'-lYY,Q xy'-l xascpas ap,QblH 3pXIA~r 63X>Kyyn3xlA~H Tyn,Q T3M43X X3p3rT3~ r3>K 61A'-I1A>K 6a~>K33. TYYH,Q33:

H3r,Qyr33pT: MOHron,Q 6yp3H 3PXT rycraap TOrTHOCOH ync 6a~ryynax "xyascran" XIA~>K 6a~Ha. Xoepayraapr: OpOCblH xapruc Y33nTHYY,Q 6YPlAa,Qb1H aBTOHOMblr ycrraxur oponnox 6a~Ha. Fypasgyraapr: Xsraa fa,Qaa,Q MOHronblH aBTOHOMblr XY'-lIAHry~ 6onrox oponanoro XIA~>K 6a~Ha r3X M3T33p 61A'-I>K33.

MeH 3. PIAH'-IIAHO 1919 OHb14-p capblH cyyn'-l33p LJIATa XOTblH "Haw nyrs" COHIAH,Q Pa,QIAH r3,Q3r H3p33p xaanvvncaa ervvnannas: WIIIH3 MOHronblr xaran, OpOCblH XOOpOH,Q'OX "6aM6a~ ync'', TeBIA~r CaXIACaH rycraap TOrTHOCOH ync, TeB A31A~H WBe~4aplA 6onrox caaan ,Q3Bwyync3H 6a~Ha.

XO>KIAM Hb Ll3B33H )f(aMcapaHO MeH n MOHronblr WBe~4aplA urar TeBlAIAr CaXIACaH ync 60nrOXblrcaHan 60nrOCOH Hb 3H3XYY xoep 6YPlAa,Q C3X33THIA~ Y33n cauaa XOOpOH,QOO HeneenceH Hb ,QaM>KlArry~ 6a~Ha10.

3.PIAH'-IIAHO MOHronblH XYBbcran'-l,QbIH aHXHbl X3Bn3n "MoHronblH YH3H" COHIAHblr MOHron X3n33p X3Bn3H raprax axnur 30XIIIOH 6a~ryyn>K yr COHIAHblr rapraxaa A.Cyx6aaTap, X.LJo1A6anCaH aapr 1II,Q3BXT3~ rycanxes,

1920 OHbl 11-p capn rapcas "MoHronblH YH3H" COHIAHbl aHXHbl ,Qyraap KOMIAHTepHIA~ H3p33p 61AW, OK/6/H-bIH TeB XOPOOHbl ClA6IAPlAIAH TOB'-IOOHbl AOPHO AaXIAHbl ync TeplA~H ceK433c spxnaa x3BnyyncHlAIAr cauyynas r3>K flnOHbl MOHron'-l3p,Q3MT3H ¢YTaKIA XlllpOWIA(3) xerenoeprva ryyX3H 6apL-1MTa,Q rynryypnau MOHrOn'-l 3P,Q3MT3,QL-1~H VII lAX xypan /1997/ ,Q33p raascau L-1nTr3n,Q33 WL-1H33p aHX y,Qaa TO,QOTrO>K er'-l33.11

10

xoEp: 3.P~H4~HOr~VlH MOHrOllA ~P>K A>K~llllACAH YE

1921 OHbl 4-p capblH 16-17 -Hbl ye,Q KOMIAHTepHIII~ Anc AOPHO,QbIH HaplII~H 61A'-IrlA~H napra HapblH raspaac 3n63r,Qop>K PIAH'-IL-1HOr MOHronblH Typ 3aCrlA~H ra3pblH seanex rywM3n33p TOML-1n>K 3XH3P MapY,cfl X3M33X conosroc 6ycry~H xaar MOHron,Q L-1pyyn>K3312.

3.PIAH'-IIAHOrlA~H MOHron,Q IAPC3H ye Hb H3r ranaap 6apoH YHrepH HIA~Cn3n Xvpesr xflTa,QyY,Qaac '-Ieneen>K MOHronblH TSplAIAr C3pr33>K 6or,Qblr ,QaXIAH xaas WIAP33H,Q Hb sarn« eeplA~H ,Q3rn3MIA~rTOrTOOCOH, Heree ranaap MAH 6a AP,QbIH Typ 3aCrlA~H fa3ap ,QeHre>K 6a~ryynar,Qaa,Q 6alACaH uar ye 6a~B. MeH uaraaaruu yn,Q3r,QnL-1~r 6YT 40XL-1XbIH ryna ynaas 43prL-1~H aHrlAY,Qblr MOHron,Q opyynax xyc3mlAIAr AP,QbIH Typ 3aCrlAIAH Fasap 1921 OHbl 4-p capn 3eBnenT 3aCrlA~H Faaapr TaBlAa,Q 6a~caH13 ye 6a~B. 3.PIAH'-IIAHOrlA~H MOHron,Q ypanraap L-1Hr3>K L-1pCHIA~ ,Qapaa, HL-1~Cn3n XYP33r '-IeneenCHeec XOIAW 1921 OHbl 9-p capn Ll3prlA~H 3eBnenVl~r WIIIH3'-1n3H 6a~ryyn>K ,Qapraap Hb P.3n63r,Qop>KL-1~r TOMlAn>K33.14

T3p633p A.Cyx6aaTapblH xarsr ap,QblH >KypaMT 43prlllIAr 63X>Kyyn3x, raMIAH 4araaHTHblyn,Q3r,QnlAlAr 6YT40XL-1>K MOHron opuur ra,Qaa,QbIH ,QalACHaaC -ieneenex T3M43n,Q L-1,Q3BXlAlAn3H oponucou 6alAHa. II1Hr3>K L-1,Q3BXT31A oponucou 6a~,Qnblr ,Qoopx 6apL-1MraaC xapx 6onox 6alAHa.

3.PIAH'-IIAHOrL-1~H 1A,Q3BX 3YTr3nL-1~r YH3n>K 3C6HXOY-bIH Xyascrarrr Ll3prlA~H 3eBnenlA~H 19220Hbi 2-p capblH 24-HIAIA e,QplAlAH 52-p ryuiaanaap ynaan TyrlA~H onouroop WarHa>K33. TYYHIA~r uiaruax ryxaa ronopxojinonron: "MoHronblH AP,QbIH )f(ypaMT Ll3prL-1~H 3eBnenlA~H T3pryvn3r'-lIll~H XyBb,Q, reuepan YHrepH, 6aKIA'-I HapblH uaraaarsu ,Q33p3M'-I,QL-1~r 6YPMeceH 6YT40XlAxo,Q ,Q3M>Kmr Y3yync3H 10M" r33,Q uaaui Hb "AOPHO svrr xyescransra acsprvv 6yn3rn3nL-1~r ycrrax ranaap ynaau apMIA 60nOH MOHronblH AP,QbIH )f(ypaMT Ll3prlllIAH xaarpaa 6alAryyncaH annap raasaar T3M,Q3rn3>K aexep PIAH'-IIAHOrlA~H yn3M>KIA~H xyascrarrr ,Qa~'-IL-1H raasaar YH3n3H ryYHL-1~r ynaaa ryrL-1IAH O,QOHroOP uiaruaxur AOPHO,Q CIA6IAPIA~H Ll3prlA~H TO~prL-1IAH Xysscrarrr Ll3prlAIAH 3eBnen,Q xyc'-l 6a~Ha" r3c3H 6a~Ha. MeH PIAH'-IL-1HOr uiarnax ryxaa 52-p ryuraana; "Moaron-tyynaac MaHa~ 43p3rT3~ xaarpas YHrepHIA~ uaraaanu» ,Q33p3M'-I,QIA~H acpsr asyyncaa 6alAn,QaaHbl axannaraaan aMb 6111e xa~pry~ 3YTr3>K raBbflaTa~ oportucos .;. Moaron AP,QbIH Xysecrarrr APML-1~H Ll3prlAIAH 3eBnenlAIAH ,Qapra aexep PIAH'-IIAHOr ynaas ryrL-1IAH onosroop warHacyralA"15 r3>K33. 3H3XYY urarsanera TO,QopXOlAnOnT, ryuraanua saarrrur vansc fionrcaon 3.PL-1H'-IIAHO MOHron,Q L-1PC3H ,QapYlAraac 3xn3H H3n33,Q xyrauaaraap 4araaHTHbi yn,Q3r,Q3n, 6apOH YHrepHbl scpar T3M43n,Q 6YXL-11A n a>KL-1n xe,QenMepee 3OpL-1yn>K 6alA>K33.

T3p633P 6yx Ll3prlAIAH 3eBnenL-1IAH T3pryyn3r'-lIAIAH an6blr xauiux xyrauaaanaa 43p3r apMl'1~H YlAn axannaraar rorraopxyynax, y,QL-1p.Qax 6YP3n,Q3XYYHIllIA M3,Qn3r 60nOBcponbir .Q33wnyyn3x, caxunra ,Q3r >KypMblr

11

caaxpyynax 33p3r acyyanaap OnOH TOrrOOn, WIAIIi,QB3plAllir rapraxaa 6IAe4n3H oponucos 6alliHa. YYH,Q: "5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBneneec a>KnblH uar 3xn3X, rapax >KYPMbIH ryxalli "3acrlAlliH rasapr asyyncau 87 TOOT 61114IAr 1 1922.111.11 I, "5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBneneeC KOkaIliH, MOPCPIAH 33p3r 3MYY,QlAllir cyn xynanaaanaxsrr 30rCOOX ryxaa" 3acrlAiliH rasapr asyyncaa 97 TOOT 61A4IAr 11922.IV.27/, "5yx L\3pn..iIliH 3esneneec TarHyynblH X3nT3CT X3nM3p41AiliH OpOH TOO H3M3H 6alliryynax ryxaji" 3acrlAiliH rasapr s:lByyncaH 123 TOOT 61A4IAr 11922. VI. II, "5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBneneec XlAnlAiliH lpprlAllir. 63X>Kyyn3x ryxaa" acyynnaap 3acrlAiliH rasapr ssyyncaa 149 TOOT 61A4IAr 1 1922.v11. 271, "5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBneneec xanarnax 43Pryy,Q3,Q cauyynax 3yllinyy,Q X3M33X 18-p ryuraan" 11924.v11.141 33prlAilir rycraanau H3pm>K 6onHo.

MeH 3.PIAH4IAHO 5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBnenlAlliHT3pryyn3r41AiliH XYBb,Q xarautiaarap MarCap>KaB, 5YM43H,Q 33p3r xYMyyclAllir uiaruann

roaopxoanoa 6amyyn>K 6a1liB. .

AOKTOP iOM6ocYP3H 1921-1924 OH,Q MOHronblH 43prlAiliH ,Q33,Q 3pxlAilir 6aplAx 5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBneneec XIAIA>K rylli43Tr3C3H axnur cyaanraaun OpCOH 6aplAMT MaTeplAanblH X3M>K33H,Q aB4 Y3C3HlAlii yH,QC3H ,Q33p aepar 6alli,Qnaap YH3n3x YH,Q3CT311i r3>K y3>K3316 ..

1924 OHbl 11-p capa xypanncaa 5HMAY-bIH auxayraap lAX xypari5yx L\3prlAlliH 3eBnenlAiliH roprY'iJl3r4 3.PIAH4IAHOrIAIliH raanasr COHCO>K x3mn433,Q rapracas rorrooruss NQ 1-p 3yllin,Q: " ... l.\3prlAlliH epeHxlA1ii 6alli.Qan H3n33,Q calliH 6oncoH 6eree,Q 43p3r 6alliryynax yH,QC3H renee 3aMbir 3ylliT311i r3>K calliwaaB ... "17 X3M33C3H Hb ryYHlA1ii a>KlAn,Q ercea aepsr ,QyrH3nT 6allinaa.

PlAH4IAHO 5yx l.\3prlAlliH 3eBnenlAiliH T3pryymf41AiliH xysaap >KaH>KIAH Il.Cvxoaarapraji xapunuax 6allicaH 3aXIA,Qnyy,Q H3n33,Q6alli,Qar Hb lAX renee a>KlAn TepnlAlliH xorieooroa 10M.

PlAH4IAHO aHX WYMs:l4KVlIliH aaaspaap MOHron,Q IAPC3H Hb YH3H 60nOB4 y,Qanrylli, PlAH4IAHO 60nOH' KOMI!1HTepHlA1ii xapunuaa xeH,QlAllipceH f3>K y3YYWT311i. PlAH4IAHO 3XH33C33 34C33 xvpran KOMIAHTepHlA1ii reneeners 6allicaH M3T CY,Qnaa41A,Q, HlAllim3r41A,Q 61!141!1>K 6alliraa Hb YH3H,Q H1A1li43xry1li18.

T3p633p ryxalliH ye,Q MOHronblH rasap ayrarr HYY,Q3nn3H IAp>K uaauraa CYYPbWIAH aMb,Qpax xvcan 3pM3n33n 6yxlAlii 6yplAa,Q HapblH IApr3HlAlii xapsaannua acyynnur WIAIIi,QB3pnyyn3x, T3,QHlAllir aacar 3aXlApraaHbl30XlAOH 6alliryynanTaH,Q opyynax, 5YPlAa,Qb1H Xypnua ia3ap 6alliryynax 33p3r acyynann WIAIIi,QB3pn3X yyp3rT311ir33p oponuox 6a1liB.

TYYH4n3H opoc yncaac HYY,Q3nn3H IAPC3H 6YPlAa,Q HapblH Teneener4,QIAIliH 1922 OHbl 7-p capa 6oncoH xypana 3.PIAH4IAHO "3,Qyr33 4arlAiliH 6alli,QnblH ryxalli" 6onoH "Moaron rasap 6yxlAlii 6YPlAa,Q uapstr s:laXIAH roxaayynax ryxalli" M3,Q33n3n XIAIIi>K 6YPlAa,Q uapur MOHronblH raaap HYTarT cyypsuryynax, T3,QHIAIii aMb,Qpan axyar naaumvvnax 33p3r 6yca,Q acyyanyynur WIAIIi,QB3pnyyn3x apra 3aMbir ronopxoanx 6a1liB.

12

3.P&.1H4&.1HO 3aCrl!1liiH iaapblH 39Bf1eX rywM3n&.1HH XYBl!1ap 1921-1925 OH,Q 3acrlltliiH raspua I!1X3HX xypan,QaaHYY,Qa,Q oponucou 6aliiHa. 1924 OHb12-p capua 18-Haac 1925 OHbl 1-p capblH 6-Hbi XOOpOH,Q 6oncoH 3acrlltliiH raapblH 1-47-p ~ypnblH 61A4rlltliir ya3x3,Q 37, 38, 39-p xypnaac 6yca,Q 6yx xypann OpOn4>K33;

r3X,Q33 A33P ,QYP,QcaH 47 xypnblH 6&.14r33C ya3x3,Q 3.PIltH4IAHO,Q xaMaapyyn>K 6onox X3,Q X3,Q3H 3yliin 6aliiHa. Tyxaliin6an: 'TepMaH yncblH Xapbs:laT nyyc33c . . , 500 MOPb asarpvvnsx 6&.1411tr W&.1H34n3H onroxur 3P>K, AMepl!1K yncblH xapsaar . .. Jlapceuaac ... MOPb,Q 300-r xSiaraap H3BTpyyn3xlltliir ryliicaH H3r3H X3P3rT 5yx l.\3pr&.1IiiH 3eenenl!1liiH xypnaap x3n3n43>K x3p3rc3xrylii 6onro>K, 6arnaH rorrooayy X3M33H XYPr3>K IItpcHlltliir ... " r3C3H 6-p 61A411tr, .. . .. 6yx l.\3prlAl1H 3eBneneec ryc aeBnemll1H .1 O-p xypnblH 4-p ayWl,Q 3,Qyr33 enos 43prlAliiH ,QOTOP 6a XOTblH ,QOTOP xan,QBapTalii XIIt>Klltr eS4111H raps 6yxII11ii ynMaap 43Pryy,Q 6a onoa ap,QblH ,QOTOP ,Q3nr3pY xel1Klltxlltliir 60nrOOM>KnOX X3P3rT31ii 6onox YYlltp an eBYHlltliir ycrrax aprur cys3rYlltn>K xYP,QaH oponaeooc aOX1-1XblH ryn,Q ... X3M33H IItpCHII1liir x3n3n433,Q an x3prlltliir ry1ii43Tr3X3,Q 2000 naaraac xerpexrvarsap sapuyynax SlS,Qnblr ... Xs:IHaH ryH43Tr3s3n 30XII1MOlii X3M33H TOrTOS" r3C3H 11-p xypnblH 6111YII1r 33p3r 6yca,Q onou 6111Ylltr 6apll1MTYY,Qaac ya3x3,Q 3.PIltHYII1HO 43prl!1liiH xoneornonroa aCYY,QnYY,Qblr 3aCrll1HH Fasapr Tynxyy TaSb>K wII1Iii,QB3pnyyn>K 6aHcaH Tan a>KII1rnar,Qa>K 6alAHa.

. 3.PIltHYII1HOrll1IiiH a>Klltn xe,QenMepIltHr30XII1X ecoop YH3n>K, aMb,Qpan aXYlAr Hb ,Q3M>KII1X sopanroop 1923 OHbl4-p capblH 06-Hbl e,Qep" ... yncblH X3P3rT YapMaliiH 3YTr3C3H TyWM3n 3n63r,Qop>KII1,Q yncblH casraac rycraa OPOH 6alAWII1Hraap uiaruacaa ryxaa" 3aCrll1IAH raapblH rlltwYY,QII1IAH 6-p xypnblH rorroon rapcas 6a 1923 OHbI 12-p capblH 21-H,Q 6yx 1I3prll1IAH 3eSneniltlAH T3pryyn3ry 3n63r,Qop>KII1,Q 3aCriltlAH raapblH sesnex TywM3nll1IAH 4anll1Hr 6YTH33P onrox 6aliixaap 60n>K33.

3PII1HYII1HO 3aCrll1IAH iaapblH an6aH Xaar'"l,QblH 48nll1HrIltIiiH 43CTepeHxII11ii calii,QblH ,Qapaa xoep,QyraapT 6 1114 111 r,Q3>K, 4anll1H ,Q33p Hb Tyn33, r3pniltlAH YH3 H3M3r,Q33,Q 85 nas MeHreH1lt1ii 48nll1H asy 6aliis.lTyxaliiH ye,Q 3esnemeec II1pC3H cyprarx 240 nan, raanlltliiH 600MTblH uarnaa 27 nan MeHreHII11ii 4anHHTalA6aliis. 3.3.119,

T3p633P ap,Q onHblr coea r3r33pyyn3x ranaap 6ararylii ayliinlltliir XHIii>K 6aliicaH 6eree,Q onOH yncblH a>KII1nYII1H aHrll1liiH cyn,Q ,Qyynan "It1HTepHa4I11aHon"-blr opoc X3nH33C MOHron X3n3H,Q opyyyn>K "YYHII1IAr opoc X3nH33C 3n63r,Qop>K cpsyynaa. 6yx ,Q3nXII1IAH ap,QYY,QbIH ,Qyyn,Qar asap ,QyynHa" r3C3H Taliin6apTaliiraap "AP,QbIH 43p3r" COHII1Hbl1924 OHbl12-p capblH

31-HIltIii e,Qpll1liiH N!.! 22-T HII1Hmyyn>K 6alA>K33.. .

.: ,YncblH aHX,Qyraap HX xypnblH TerCrenll1IAH ecnon ,Q33p 3H3XYY ,Qyyr al-iX Pl1HYII1HOrll1IAH 3XH3P Mapll1s:1 HII1KlI1cpopOBHa ,Qyyn>K 6alii>K33.

13

, 'MSH C.\n.3no6~Hb("C~naBaT'6aaTap", n.Toric':6~H "Acapxarau 'ACCl-1PL1~H xaau" 33p3r ~~~onYYAblrOpOC X3nH33C MOHron .X3fi3HA Op4yYn>K . "MOHrohbIH'TyXa~","M'i)HrdnbIH 3AIi1~H 3acr~£1H 6yc.WA"; "MOHr9.n'bIH 6ee" sepsr cYAimraaHbIH:or.ii,iervynnYYA·~~r 6~4L1>K X3Biiy~h>K 6a~CHaa(~aA.Ha MOHronblH rycraap rorraonur xaaraancaa eryynnYYAL<1~r "p,aJ;1bHO BOCT04Hble-5anK8Hbl" r3A3r H3P33p"C'~6~Pb"COH~HA H~r::1myytl>,K 6a~caH

"20' ' -. .l.. . . , .

a>K . ,." ,

, 3. PL<1H4iA~b 3XY -bikxapbSlaT 6a~caH4 '1921-1925 OHA Ap.QbIH)f{ypaMT

U.3prL-1~H -3eBnem1~H T3pryynar4, A~pra, 3AIi1~H.:3aCrL-1r::1H'3ei3fieml~.H rL<1wYv'H, 1922-1925'ofiA MAXH~r:;IH'TeB Xdj:moHblrL<1W'YYH, 1924":1925'l:>H,Q'5HMAY:.. bl~t5ara xypn~IH r~WVVH~:3P'c~Hro~~~~ aAlAnna>K6a~B~' <, w~' " ,';

. 3acr~~H ra3pblH rL<1wYVAL<1~H 1924 OH611 O-p capblH 24-HL<1L<1 e,Qp~~H 39-p rorroonoop YHAc3H xyyns 6:oil'bBcpyynax KOMli1ccblr epeHxL<1L.:('ca~A 5":L(3p3HAopm, )f{.LJ,3B33H, '3. PL<1 H'YL<1J.lO , rbM606a,QaM'>KaB /CVyh4L<1~H rypas Hb 6YPL<1aA.A.)J,.!Hap:bfH 6yp3n,q~XYV~T3~r3'3p'WL<1~d~fi3H '6a'~fyyn>K: rypaaa ~onoo; xOHor~~H AOTOP "'xyyn~~r 343cn3H 60rloBc'P,yy'naxblr aaanrax 6a~}jq32:2, YHAC3H xyyn(,1IAH iec:nL<1~r 1924' 'OHbl 11-p capblH 24, 25-'~.g·\1X XY~!lbIHxaHA YHWL<1>K T~Hli1n~y:y~~aB. YHWL<1Xb1r 5.LJ,3P3AAOP>K ry~u.3Tr3>i<, ronAYY 3.PL<1H4~HO Ta~n6a~ X~L<1>K.33. )f{~w33n63n: T~neener4)f{aH4~B" r3HA3H Hap "onoa ~OwYY Ta~i'lpxyY~~H TOrTCOH xypan HOMblr X3pX~H sanraaxnyynaa xypax .. :." r3c38"acyynta,Q 3.PL<1~4L<1HO , .... X3P~B wawlliH rep xoepur rye nil a pnasaac ,waW~~'MexHe X3M33X 3v~n,.OrT yry~ 6ereeA xap~H wawHbl x3p'r~~r 30P~YT'3pXf\~X xopoo 6a~ryy~aH, MeHxop()o ,ra3apT 3PA3MT3H naM uapur xypanAyynaH yAL<1p.QB8aC xapIltHCa~>KpaH MaH,QaMYY

J .' , '. ~ , ' ,

. . . "l3X sepraap xapuyncau 6a~A.ar23. . . ,

, 3:P~H4~1:!6 Hb ryxaL1H ye,Q~3 ah6l3H a>KriblH 3~H,lJ,aaraapaa HaM, TepL<1~H y,Q~PAax XYMYYCL<1~H ,QOTOP naervvp 6a~p,cYYPb3~3n>K "~en~e~:-T3~

axanna« 6a~caH Hb cY,QanraaHbl MaTep~anaac xaparnaar. '.' " .

. T3p yeA MbHronblH ~3PT3~ XYTanYYAbIH' 'H3r 6a~caH .rt~haB xyrarr )f{8McpaH>KaB(4) "Ap MOHrdnblH ync Tepv1~H ,QYR:nan" HOMAoo: " ... 3H~ vect HaM, 3aCrL<1~H'XaMar xspraar P3H4~H0E3, H3r3~ 'H~P 3n6af,Qop?K X3M33~ H3r3H 6YPL<1ai( XyH YAL<1PAaA Slayyn>K 6~~>K33. MeH eiBm~~H aA9rcap,QAM~p~i< yncblH ,H3r3H an9aHbi XyH XYP33H3.3 XVp3~3,Q /~p3X3A A.A./' MoHroftLiYYA oyr,Q3~p T)'sn,aM>t<, ~p>K H,a~paM~an X3fi3r,43!L<1~r L<1~ n' fy~n,a,caH 60.nOB; raru H3r3H P31i40HOBOOC 3,QH~~ ync M.aH~L<1 yncur XSlTflAblH raaap r3>K 60AOOA ~pCH33C 6yc Mqi-lt6nblH rasap 'r3>i< L<1PC3H 6yc ryn ryyH nyt33, yr X3n3lJ4;3>K6bnoxry~ X3M331-j xeuieeneea /re>K~eA/ yr x3nvYhc3Hrv~ a>KrYy"24 r3>K' 6L<14L<1>K 6a~CHaacraAHa LJ,3A3Hxamaprar4 .: . 1922 OHb19-p capblH W~H3A33p . : . 6apaa ~Baxaap ~aH>KyYp X()THOO o400A T3H,,Q 6a~caH 3apL<1M xyMyVCT X3nC3H yrL<1~HX33 ranaap 6ar::1'4aam: erexnee " ... r ar4XYY 3acr~~H 3pXL<1~r 6YPL<1aA PL<1H4L<1HO, 5.LJ,3B33H' dK.LJ,3B33H A.A./, MOHronooc >KanXaH3 XYTarT Hap 6apb>K 6y~ r3>K X3nCH33C 6ycaA yr ,x3nc3Hry~" r3>K3325.

14

ct>YTaKL<1 X~POWL<1 ,Q33pX xypan Aa3p raescaa "3n63rAOp>K PL<1H4~HO 6a MOHronblH 1921 OHbI xysscran" r3C3H ~nTranA33: "AL<1naB xYTarTblH yr YH3H~t1 XyBb Tat1 Hb Sl H3 6yp~t1H 6apL<1MTaap 6amarAAar 6ereeA 3n6arAop>K PL<1H4L<1HO 1925 OHA 3XY-T W~n>K~H Oy~xOOC eMHe MOHronblH XaMrL1t1H 3pX Ma,Q3nTat1 XYMyyC~t;;H H3r 6at;;caH Hb apr3n3aaryt1 6at1Ha" r33,Q uaaur Hb "1911 OHbI XYBbCranbir Ap, SBep MOHrOn\.IYYAbIH XaMTapcaH YHn axannaraa r3>K Y3s3n 1921 OHbl xysscran Xanx, 6yp~aA MOHrOnYYY,QbIH xaMTap4

~X3p3r>KVYnCaH recen 10M.

1911 OHbI spx yeneeH~r::1 xeAenreeHA Seep MOHronblr XaHcaH ryH reneenx yyxan vvpar ryt143Tr3caH 60n 1921 OHbl xysscrann 3.P~H4L<1HO Hb 5yp~a,Q MOHronbir reneenx L<1A3BxTat1 oponucos Hb TyyHL<1t1r C.AaH3aH, A.6o,Qoo HapblH aAlitnaap 1921 OHbl XYSbcranblH rypeaa YA~PAaN,QbIH H3r r3>K Y33>K 6onHo" X3M33H ,QyrH3>K3326•

MeH epeHxiAt1 cat1t:\ 6aHcaH AAMap " ... OAOO MocKsa XOTHOO 6yt1 yYH~t1 YPbA LJ,3pr~t1H 3eSnenL<1MH raprvvnar-t 6aMcaH P~HY~HOS 3n63rAop>KI.;lt1H 6~e6on A33paac 3xn3H MaHa~ 3H3 a>K~nA oponuoa a>KL<1nna>K ascaa 3P,Q3M yaAanTa~ TOM XyH 6ar::1caH 10M. 6~ 3n63rAOp>K~~r ~X n ~Tr3,Q3r, TyyH~~ 6oAnoro caaanur seeuieepaer arcaa 6 L<1fi 33.

T3f3BY 3n63rAOp>KOOC H3r3H 3yr::1n~r::1H 6YPYYTat1 a>KL<1n X~t;;C3H 10M. lOy X3M33S33C yncblH H3r,Qyr33p /HaMblH III ~X xypan A.A.! xypnaac xyascranaec ypsa>K ~x MOHron yncur 6at;;ryynax x3pr~t;;rYAL<1p,QaH 6a~caH AaH3aHr~t;;H 6~e~t;;r 6ap~rAa>K w~t1Tr3rA3X3,Q 3n63rAOp>KOOC AaH3aHr~~H aM~t;;r asapv 6onox 6a~CHbir asxaapaa y333ryt;; 6a~>K /3H3 ranaapx Tatln6apblr XO~HO x~HH3.1 araaA anyyncaH IOM''27 r3>K X3n>K 6aHCHaac Y3C3H Y 3.P~HYL<1HO Maw "Henee"-T3H H3r3H 6a~caH Hb TOAOPXOH 6a~Ha .

P~HY~HO Hb 3acr~HH ra3pblH 3esnex~HH xySb,Q "X~L<1H 3aCr~HH X3prM~r Ap,QblH 3acr~HH ra3apT w~n>KVYn3x ryxaH" 1921 OHbI 7 -p capblH 9-HA 6o,Qoorooc AaH3aH, Cyx6aaTap HapTa~ H3p xaMTpaH SlsyyncaH 6~Y~r, 1922 OHbl 1 O-p capua 08-HA xoepAaH3aH HapblH xaMT KOM~HTepHA 6oAoor~~H ranaap SlByyncaH ~nTr3n 33p3rT 3.P~HY~HOrIllHH H3p 3, 4-PT 6~Y~rA3>K 6aHcHaac ra,QHa MeH 3H3 ranaap cY,Qanraa XIIIHC3H ct>yTaKIII X~pow~"1924 OHbl ye~HH 3acrlllHH ra3pblH an6aH 6~Yr~~f Y33X3,Q sesnex 3n63r,Qop>K Hb epeHx~~ caHA LJ,3paH,Qop>K, opnorx AaH3aHrllli'lH Aapaa rapblH YC3r 3YP>K 6aH>K33." r3>K 6~YC3H33C Y33X3A PL<1HYL1HO Hb MOHronA ~pC3H ye3c 6Y4ax xvprnsx xyrauaasaaa H3n33A ,Q33ryyp 6atlp CYYPlllHA a>KL<1nna>K 6aHcaH Hb TOAOPXO~ 6atlHa. 3H3 6yxH3ac ,QyrH3nT XL<1tl>K Y33X3,Q 3.PlIIHYlliHO Hb ync Tep~HH eHAep 6onoBcpon, opoc x3nH~H rapryy,A M3,Q113r33p33 ryxatlH ye~HH HaM, TepL<1HH T3pryyn3x XyMYYC33C L<1fiYY 6a~caH Hb apransex IOMryH.

3. PL<1HY~HO Hb YHA3CHlIItl Y3anT3H 6atlcaH 6eree,Q xysaafAa>K 6YTapcaH MOHron yrcaaruar H3rTr3>K H3r3H epx rap 6onro>K "liIx MOHron Ync" InaH MOHronl-blr 6atlryynax rytlnblH sopanroroa H3r3H 6atlB.

15

. T3p XyH "VI,x MO~r~Il, Ync';6;:1t1rYVIla)!: XYC3Il 3PM~Il33Il,q33 ~eTIler.Ae>K xaranan P4~>K I T31-j,q3XIllt1I;l. IV!OHroIl4yy,qbll:!. ~PX ,4eIl~eHIllt1 xeA~meel:l~i OPo~40~caHClml.a.~fl3pXI!1t1Il>K 6a.t1>K33.:. -: , .. ' ',', :, ";':i

MAH-~IH II! IIIX,~ypnb!H2-p xypanaaaa 11.~24~8-5r A33P 9:~~H4I11H~ "MO,H~6Il, OBOrTHpir 4lilIlee,Ilex .yt1Il x3prlllt1r X51Ta,qbl H; . .xy sscran» III,qTqlll , xamrpau 6YT33XIII~~~YIl',q T3~3'HT~t1,,~OIl660 ~.pr:TOOXOOp xS'!T~,qaA,51l;3a~a,q 6SIl~H 6at1~f r3>K,:lYIa,lpr)=l(~,~ ,9qt1~Ha~C ra,qHa,.epe,HX~~.Cat1g, 5.W3P3H,qOP>KIllt1H e,qplllt1H T3M,q3rh3Il,q 11924 OHbl 1 ?.,.p C!=IP9IH 25/,PIII,!;141111:19.,l XSlTa,qa,q?~ 1IIX,X,YR3IlTIII.~ H~33 ranaap, ~TaIlIIIH '. 4111';lep1IIH xoe P_~IH H3P, ,q3~P 3aXIII,qqIl_ 61114C3H 60IlOB4 6'yx MOHro.Il"lyy,qblr H3rTr3x, f3(f3H PIIIH';IIIIHOrlll~H Y33Il c~,Haar KOMIIIHTe'p~Ta~I,UClarxt1 Y~IIIP}yy~~j~ XYC3~, 6:~eri~rtP~,r.yt1, [3)({' IVIJ,1HIII~6I11e W<ilMflrna>K Rat1,Ha':~~,r9~ 6J,14C~H3~C y3~x3A.lV!eH xs:jTat;\~A. O\~III>K. a>KIIIJlJ18X T8rlaap saxaaan 61114111>K 6,at1>K~3:l~,~.~4I11H~rlllt1H(~51raA9~ o~~* a>KIIIIlIlaX XyqIl,3pM~Ili33Il t'b 6Bep PJ!~)t:lrOIlbIH ,f,.p,qbl~.xy~bcrarT! HaM 1925 OHbl, 1,O-p capuu 12~~A 4YYIl,allT Xaanra ~OTO,,q, KO~III!",JerpHIllt1,

,q3M>KIl3rT3t1r33p 6at1ryYIlarAcaHTa,'1 XOIlQooTot16at1caH 60IlOIlTo.t1, ,

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16

rYPAB: 3.PIIIH4I11HOr SYPYYTrA>K SAlilrAA YH.Q3CI1311IOY SAlilB.

3, PIIIH4111Hor 3apIIIM cy,qIlaa4111,q X3,q X3,q3H YH,q3CI13I133P 6ypyyna,qar.

T3p XyH eeplllt1H aopanrur X3P3r>KYYIl3XIllt1H ryIl,q annax OHO>K 5lBCHbir yryt1cr3xryt1. 5ypyy apra 6apIIIIlaap a>KIIIIlIla>K 6at1caH Tall 4 6111t1 6at1x, r3X,q33 T3p XyH 30PbCOH,q00 XYP3xlllt1H ryna Tyt1Il6apTat1 T3M43r4 6at1caH rS>K oanrornnor.

Tyxat1H yelllt1H HaM Teplllt1H y,qlllp,qax XyMYyC XOOPOH,qOO IIIX33X3H 3ep4111IlT3t1 6at1caH Hb XOt1HO ,qyp,qar,qax y4111p 3H3 ranaap HypWlllmyt1, uar Teplllt1H uexuen 6at1,qaIl 3BIl3P3Hryt1, H3r Hb Herae,qee Tall sacax ascaap acyy,qIlblr WIllt1,qB3PI13X 60IlOM>Kryt16at1caH Hb X3H xyH,q 0t1mOM>KTot16at1,qar. 6epeep X3Il63Il 3ep4111Il T3M43Il ,qyH,qaac IIIX3HX,q33 3eB WIllt1,q3Il,q xvpaar Tall 6111t1 r3,qrlllt1r 6111,q cat1H M3,qH3, T3,q T3p n apra fiapanaap a>KIIIIlIla>K 6at1caH 60IlOIlT0t1.

PIIIH4111HO r3r4 3Tr33,q 50,q00, AaH3aH, Cvxfiaarap aapur XaHee>K laIl>KI PbICKYIlOBTOt1 3ep4l11Il,qeH xoeyn MOHrOIlOOC 33p3r xeerncen ranaap CYYIlIllt1H ye,q H3Il33,q 5lPIIIX, HIllt1TIl3X 60Il>K33. 3H3 acyynan X3p 33p3r YH,q3CIl3IlT3t16aIAB rsnsr ranaap aB4 Y33xlllt1r X1II433e, 111 Hr3)f( aB4 Y33XIllt1H ryIl,q acyynnur H3I133,q yn cYYPbTat1, ,q3m3p3Hryt16at1,qIlaap raprax TaBIIIX Hb 3yt1T3t1 r3)f( Y3C3HIllt1x33 renee xyIl4111Il e4be,

1. a.eouoor X9H99X9,ll 3.PHHlIHHO XOnI50r,llOX 3C3X TYXAVt,ll: AorcoMblH 50,q00 11885-19221 Hb 1921 OHb14-p capuu 16-Haac MOHroIlblH Ap,qblH Typ 3acrlllt1H epeHxlllt1 cat1,qbIH ryuiaan aB4 a>KIIIIlIlaX axyt1 uarr xaar axannarcaa Hb TVYHIllt1 Y33Il, yt1Ilclllt1r 5lH3 suaaap YH3Il>K ,qyrH3>K 6at1caH Hb M3,(33)f(.

HaMblH TeB XOPOOHbl ,qapra acaa AaH3aH "EpeHxlllt1 cat1,q 150,q00 n,5.1 rvprsu 6eree,q 3eeIl,qe>K 6at1Ha .. ,", "MaHat1 epeHxlllt1 cat1,q apaaxaa xearea XYH 60IlOX ryn eep xYHIilt1r IXYH33p n,5/ COIlIIIHO" X3M33H ryH Torrox, ,qa 63t1c Ayr3p>KaB aapraa C3M 5lPIIIIl4a>K MocKBa,q 3Il4111Hrssp cyymax 6ylOy XOB,qbIH X513raapT aayynaxur 50,q00,q eepr Hb ,qypcaH ryPWIII>K 6at1B. YYH33C Y33X3,q T3,q 50,q00rlllt1H 30XIIIOH 6at1ryYIl>K y,qlllp,qaH 51 BYYIlcaH axnsrr xeareu roOM0t13yt1Il r3>K vn raauraaaepeaxua caanaac 6at1ma>K, 3acrlllt1H raspaac XOIl,qYYIlaH 3at1IlYYIlaXblr OPOIl,qO>K 6at1>K3329, 50,q00, AaH3aH xoep X3333H33C ryH)f(IIIH MYYTat1, HaM 6at1ryYIlax xyascran yycr3x acyynnaap casan sepennex 5lB,qaIl ans X3,qIllt1H33C 3X3IlC3H ye,q A,Cyx6aaTap 3ap4MblH 6at1p cyyps 6apIIIMTaIl>K, ssryyp 4yxall 3pX awrlllt1H renee xYBbcraIl4,qblH xY4111t1r H51rTpYYIlax 4111r wyraM 6ap1IIMTaIl>K 6a~>K33. AaH3aH, 50,q00 xoepblH sepennees aHrlll6ymlllt1H WIIIH>KT3t160Il>K, 6111e 6111ec33 "ap,qbIH HaMbIHxaH", "ryWM3,qIllt1H HaMblHxaH" X3M33H X04IlOH ra,qyypxax 60IlCOH Hb ap,qblH HaMblH ,qOIlOOH XyH 3pxyy XOTHOO 04111>K rycIlaM>KIllt1H 61114111r yt1Il,q3X 60IlCOH ye,qynaM 6YP'TO,qOPCOH a>K3330, AawpaM,q ervvnaxen 3pxyy XOTHOO

17

C_JJ,aH3aH, A.60,Q00 Hap XOOPOH,QOO vsan 60,Qnb1H ynMaac 3ep4V1n,QeH Mapran,Qaxa,Q 3. PVlH4V1HO xysecranua sopanrur caaxpvvnsu xanx ynMaap aBnapyymK 6a~caH 6a~Ha.31

C.AaH3aH, A.60,Q00 xoepua HYY4 6ynraMVI~H yeVl~H vaan 6apVlMmanblH sepee Hb 3pxyy,Q 04COH XO~HOO 4 MapraH ry,QaM>KHbl xoep ranaap s:lB>K, 3ep>K Mapra>K 6a~caH 60n xysecranau ,Qapaa aHa 3ep4V1n ypran>KVln>K A. 60,Q00r 6ypyynaxa,Q C.AaH3aH ueneencea 6a~,Qar. 32

C.AaH3aH 30Y-,Q 0400,Q 6a~x,Qaa 60r,Q xaauu raararaa 6V14V1r aB4 VlpaxVl~r HYY4 YTaC uaxunraaaaap uraapacaa Hb xYBbcran4,QblH ,QOTOP 6a~caH vasn caaaaast sepee, aHrVl~H 6a~p cYYPbTa~ xon600TO~IOM.

HaMblH raararaa 6V14V1r aB4 asaan, 60r,Qb1H TaMraTa~ 6V14raap lOy XVl~X 10M fis? AaH3aH n 4V1Hra>K 6a~raa 6V13 xaMaaH A.60,Q00rVl~H xanceu Hb Ta,QHVI~ vsan caaaa, ync TepVl~H 6a~p cyypVl~r Vln4V1n,Qar. A. Cyx6aaTap "Tapxyy raararaa 6V14V1r suacras 6V1,QaH,Q 6apVlMT 60nox 6ereeA.6V1,QHVI~ 4aaw,QblH 3aM,Q raapaxrva " ra>K Y3a>K 6a~B33. C.AaH3aH TYC:l1aM>KVI~H acyynnsrr raaaxaa 60r,Qb1H raararaa 6V14V1r 3a~nwry~ ra>K 6a~xa,Q A. 60,Q00 TYYHVI~r yry~crax saprsep xaTapxVl~ Har ranur 6apb>K 6a~B. Ysan cauaaau an sepee Hb HaMblH 60,QnorblH YH,QcaH acyyanur TO,QopxO~n>K Har,QMan wVl~,QBap raprax 60non400r xyH,Qpyyn>K 6a~B. YYHVI~r ron uianrraau Hb

. xysecransru ,Qapaax sacar TepVl~H aCYY,Qan 10M.

II1~M y-rpaac Vlpaa,Qy~H aacar TepVl~H acyynnur 3eB TOMbeonox Hb xYBbcran4,QblH vaan caaaaau TOM wanryyp 60nOB34.

HaMblH TeB XOPOOHbl rVlwyy,QVI~H 1921 OHbI12-pcap,Q 60nCOH asr xypan ,Qaap 60,Q00, AaH3aH xoep VlX n sepennex " AaH3aH 6yr,Q Ha~paM,Qax sacar TOrTOOX aopanrur ,Qapy~ TaBVIX ranee" xaMaaH 60,Q00 3aMna>K xaTYY WVlPYYH yr xancHVI~r Yar,Qap>KaB, Yo~6ancaH seper Hexe,Q ,QaM>KCaH 6a~Ha.35

60,Q00 60n ap,QblH 3acrVl~H TepVl~H xanfiap TYXa~H Op4V1H uar Hex4en,Q s:lMap 6a~Ban TOXVlpOM>KT.o~r 6yca,Q ync OpHbl 6a~,Qama~ xapsuyynaa WVlH>K.Jlaa,Q c04V1anVicT rep, usasp napnamearsra ec, XaM>Kaary~ spxr eCHbl anVlH Hb 4 Tap xaaaspea raapaxrva, xapas XaM>KaaT apx 6yxVl~ xaaaraa, yH,QcaH xyynbT napnaMeHT~H xan6ap 6ylOy AHrnVl~H TepVl~H 6a~ryynaM>KVI~rynrap 60nroH eepVl~H yncblH esepmeu 6a~,Qan,Q soxuuyynaa xspsrnax fionox IOM36 rscaa oauaa ,QaBwyynaH TaBb>K 6a~>Kaa.

C.AaH3aHrVl~H vsen 60,Qon,Q KanViTanVl3Mbir raauiaax, MOHron opHblr Tap samaap xer>KVynax racsu 6apVlMTnan rycrarnax 6a~>Kaa37.

60,Q00, AP,QbIH spxr XaM>KaaT uaasar 3acrVl~r 6amax xaparry~ xaMaaH AaH3aHraac eepr Hb erceu sypeacur 1921 OHbl 12-p capblH 9-H,Q HaMblH TeB XOpOOH,Q wVln>KVynaxVl~H xasrr ryuiaanaac 4eneenexVl~r xyca>K aHXHbl epreanee 6V14>Kaa. Ilapaa Hb 60,Q00 anfiaaaac -ienee ry~>K xoepaox y,Qaaraa HTX-H,Q epreaen rapraxsa".

MOHronblH xysecranur 6ypaH anarrraa xvprsx TaKTVlKVI~H acyynnaap ca~,Q, >KaH>KVlH Ovxfiaarap 1921 OHbl 7 -p capblH 5-H,Q XapaarVl~H Aapb-3x

18

naM,Q saxaaan 6V14V1X ye,Qaa 60,Q00TO~ sepennex, Har,QcaH CPPOHTblH vsen caaaar TYywTa~6apVlMTan>K 6a~caH xVl~raa,Q MeH OHbl 8-p capn uaraaurau yn,Qar,QnVl~r 6YT 40XVIx ye,Qaa on30nCOH onos TOOHbl cYMTa~ nynerser 6yyr 60r,Q0,Q erceu ra>K 6V14aa,Q TYYHVI~r ICyx6aaTapblr A.AI ep Hb ,QaxVlH "xYMYY>KVyn3x" uraapnnararaa 10M wyy roceu yrra 6yxVl~ caaan raescau 6a~,Qars9.

MeH VI~Mapxyy yrra aryynra 6yxVl~ cauaar MOHronblH xysscrarusa SlB,Qnblr axsaac Hb ca~H M3,Qax 6eree,Q "aHxHbl ,Qonoo"-rVl~H ca~H rasan 6.3.WYMSl4KVI~(5) 30Y-,Q x3n3n433p XVl~X33p 04COH MOHronblH reneenerxnaar B.II1.neHVlH,Q rasanuyyncaa TOB4 roaopxoanorrruaxoo recena "Cvxfiaarap, 60,Q00 HapblH XOOpOH,Q SlMap HaraH 3ep4V1n cyynVl~H ye,Q rapcas 60nomo~.II1~M,Q Cyx6aaTapblr xaaxau "caaxpvvnex" xspsrraa 6a~Ha r3>K 60,Q00r xaaraanau aesrreceu eure ascraa 3y~n 6V14caH Hb caHaMcapry~ xapsr 6V1w r3nT3~.40

II1~M3pxyy Hex4en 6a~,Qan 60noH 6yca,Q urarrrraauu ynMaac 30Y-b1H ra,Qaa,Q XaprVl~H AP,QbIH KOMVlccapaTblH reneener-i 6.3.WYMSl4KVI~r 1921 OHbl. 9-p capa HVI~cnan XYP3aHa3 VlPC3H ye,Q 60,Q00 YYJ13a>K AaH3aH, Cvxfiaarap HapTa~ cauaa HVI~n>K xaar axannaxan VlX n x34YY 6a~raar X3n>K 6a~>Ka341. 60,Q00rVl~H eepVl~H Hb xancuaap "Yar,Qap>KaBblr uiaaap ca~,QbIH ryuiaann opyyncHbl ,Qapaaraap PVlH4V1HO nyraa 6ara cara MYY,QaH T3M43n,QcaH, Cvxfiaarap, AaH3aH 6V1,Q Hap xapanuas ,QOp cauaa 6aaxaH' HVI~n3xry~ 60n>K T3,Q HapblH ,QOOp aH3 ap,QblH sacarr xapxaa-i anfiau xaax 4a,Qaxry~"-,Q XypC3H r3>K3a42.

60,Q00 Har3H e,Qep 3Bn3nVl~H TYP 4arVl~H TeB XOPOOHbl ,Qaprblr r3pT33 ,QYY,QaH aBaa4V1>K "YVI 3Bn3nVl~H 6yx rVlwyy,QVI~r Mapraaw ernee eceu uarr xypanayyncyraa" xaM3aH ryuraacas ecoop uyrnacana ca~,Q 60,Q00 Vlp>K " 3XH3pyy,QVI~H yc TYcry~ 60nox Y4pblr yxyynau X3n>K, 6ac 4 3anyy4yy,Q YYHVI~rycTraBan 30XVlHQ "recuasp 3anyy4yy,Q, uarnaa Hap ry,QaM>Kaap ascaa H3n33,Q 3XH3P XYHVlIIt TOntOIitH MeHreH xepernanaar uiysrnau aB4 an6aH,Q ryuraacau s:lB,Qan rapcas a>K33. 3H3 Hb H3r ranaap 3anyy4yy,QblH 3Bn3nVl~H Hap xYH,QVI~r apn onHbl ,QyH,Q ryraaxaa XYP4, Heree ranaap 60,Q00rVl~H H3p xYH,QVI~r 3anyy4yy,QblH ,QyH,Q 6yypyyncaH 6a~Ha43.

3Bn3nVl~H TeB XOPOOHbl ,Qapra 6a~caH C. 6YSlHH3M3X 6V14V1X,Q33:

"AOTOO,Q SlaMHbl ,Q3,Q ca~,Q naM>KaBblH sapar XyMyyC rye 3Bn3nVl~r 3n,QB33p ,QopOM>KnOxo,Q XypC3H,Q 3BnanVl~H reneener-i Hap X3PX3H y4V1p yncblH caanaac 3anyy4yy,QblH esnenaar TVI~HXYY wYYM>KnaH ,QopOM>KVlnCOH SlB,Qnblr XOPVlH ,QepBeH 4arVl~H ,QOTOP ronopxoano« Vlpyyncyra~" X3M33H 6V14V1r y~n,Q3>K HTX-Hbl xypana SlByyncaH,Q 50,Q00, naM>KaBblH rana OP>K" 3anYY4YY,Q yncblH x3prVl~r ry~Byynaxa,Q xvpas. Xapx3B4 svraap eurepvvnsxrva" r3X 33p3r 6apVlMT TO,Qopxo~ry~ VlX xoneornon 6yxVl~ yrVl~r x3ncHVI~ ,QOTOP "3acrVl~H rasap ca~,Qblr TaBb>K 60noxry~ 60nOB. Ca~,Qyy,Q a>KVln xsprss asyynax aprarvaeonoa" rex seprasp wYYM>KVlnC3H 6a

19

xapanuau WyYM>KVlIlC33p T3p ryxaa HTX-bIH cyprars areas sexsp OXTVlH 6a PVlHl.IVlHO Hap 3IlAB33p HaM, 3BIl3Il HallipaMAaIlTalii 6alliBaIl 30XVlHO X3M33H arran X3Il>K yIlMaap YA3W 60IlOXOA caliiA 50.£100, OXTVlH PVlHl.IVlHO HapblH xaur 3aIlYYl.lYYAblH xypan A33P Vlp>K 50Aoorooc HallipaMAax ryxaa 3IlA3B 3ylliIlVIlliH yr X3IlC3H 6a aexep OXTVlH, PVlHl.IVlHO Hapaac MeH 3B sacax yr X3IlC3HA cas xapuy aaaxsrr TYAr3Il3c3H ... r3>K33. XapVlH l.I 50.£100 X3IlC3H vraa 6Y4aaH aBl.I HaM, 3BIl3Il HallipaMAaIlTalii axunnaxur OXTVlH, PVlHl.IVlHOrViIliH xasrr yXYYIlaH snra>K MapraaHblr 30XVl4YYIlcaH 6aIliHa44.

50.£100 30Y-Talli xapanuax xapunuaaau aCYYAaIl A33peepVllliH r3C3H Y3311 60AOIlTOlii H3r3H 6a1liB. 3H3 ranaap aBl.I vsse:

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T3p xypan A33P 50.£100 A3nr3p3Hrylii yr X3IlcHVlllir >K.W3B33H ryalli 6V1A3HA opsyynaa X3Il>K erl.J 6allicaH .6V1Il33. 50AoorVilliH X3IlC3H yrVlIliH ron yrra Hb MOHroIl YIlC 3eBX9H opocroa T9AVlllirylii 6ac AMepVlK, ~noH 33p3r yncraa OIAPTOH aexepnex X3P3rT31A1OM.

Ynaas, uaraau r3X 33pr33p anrax xepsrrva 6alAHa. HVillicIl3Il XYP33HA YIlAC3H opoc 43prVllliH canoapsrr 0.£100 Aapylli TaTaH aB6aIl30xVlHO, cyprarx uapur l.I r3C3H 6Y4aax X3P3r.T31A 6alAHa r3X 33prVllAH yr X3Il>K 6V1Il33. 50AoorVilliH 3H3 yr 6011 30Y-TalA TOrTOOCOH MOHrOIlblH apn TYMHVlIA HalApaMAaIlT xapunuaar racnaxaa l.IVlrI13C3H AalACarHarl.l sayynra M9H r3ArVilAr 6V1A OIAI1rO>K 6a1AB.

50AoorVilliH 3H3 51 eyynra 6011 HVillicI13Il XYP33HA Vlp33A~BCaH AMepVlKVlIAH KOHCYIlblH 51 syynararaa canunva xOIl600TOIA r3>K 6V1A 60AO>K 6allinaa. Hexep OXTVlH 30Y-b1H ranaap 4aAVlrryIA ryTr3I13r xVillic3H 50AoorVilliH yrcVlllir 3H3 xypan A33p 3pC HS14aa>K xapuy yr X3IlC3H 6V1I13345 r3>K 6V1l.1c3H6aIAAar.

50.£100 "H3r AOTHO xyH,lp3: "APAbIH xyascrarrr HaM ynaas opOCOOC TYCIlaM>K rylACaH Hb 39B 60IlCOH, xapVlH AOTOOA 60AIlOroAOO ynaas opocur AyypVlax r3>K 6alAraa Hb 6ypyy 6alAHa" r3>K X3Il>K 6aIACaHX3M33HMOH'ronblr CYAIlarl.J A.KaIlVlHVlKOB r3A3r XyH H3r erYYIl3IlA33 6V1l.1>K3346. APAblH sacar MaHAcaHbl AapaaxaH 50rA xaau "M3AIl33 OpOCblH rapr opyynaxrvjireap, eepree 3pXVlllir 6apb>K 6allixblr 60AHO yy!" X3M33H 50.£100.£1 X3Il>K aHxaaPYYIl>K 6alA>K33.

TyxalAH yeA OpOCblH svrasc MOHroIlblH AOTOOA X3p3rT 0poIl40X S1BAaIl rap-t 6alACHbir 50AoorVilliH MeH OHbl 8-p capus 06-Hbl 9A9P 9rC9H M3AYYIlr33C M3A3>K 60IlHO.

Il.Cvxfiaarap 39BIl9IlTVllAH cyprar-i, 39BIl9X HapblH H3p xYHAVIlAr xararaanx, T3AHVlIA soper AalACaH 3Tr33AYYA33C raprax 6alACaH 3IlA3B ryTr3nrVllAr uar TYXalAA Hb HS14aa>K T3M4A3r 6alli>K33. W3prVllliH 63IlTr3IlVIlliH cyprarx rOIloIly60BblH TYxalAA 50AOorVilAH rapracas S1Mapl.l YHA3crYIA

20

33MIl3IlVIlAr ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap 3pC 3C3pryy43>K TYYHVlIA H3p T9p, a>KVlIl ylliIlcVllAr ryyurraa xaaraanx 6a1AB.

TYYHl.IIl3H cyprarv HapblH roor H3H Aapylli xacs 499Bl.IIl9X ryxaa )J,aH3aH, 50.£100 HapblH cauanua uaaayrrur ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap caarap olAIlro>KacYYAIlblr VlHr3>K TaBVIX uar 60IloorylA6alliHa r3ArVillir H9X9AA99 VlTryYIl>K 6alli>K3347.

M9H cyprarsaap a>KVlIlIla>K 6alACaH 1O.0.0rnaeB(7): "Xysecranua 3C3Pryy xapruo cpeoAaIlYYAblH napaaxau rapcau TOMOOXOH 3C3pryY43Il 6011 ApAblH 3acrVllliH raspu« ep9HXVlIA calAA 6allicaH 50AoorooP TOnrOIAIlYYIlcaH xylliBaIlAaaH 6V1Il33.

T3p633p apAblH xysecrarrr 3acrVlllir TYIlX3H ysaraax, XYyl.lVlH cpeoAaIlblH X3M>K33ryIA3PXT ecsrr C3pr33H 60croH TOrTOOX sopanroop XYBbcraIlblH 3Cp3r 3IleMeHTyYA33P 6V1e3 XYP33IlYYIl3H, MOHrOIl AaXb 39BIl9IlTVllAH 39Bn9xYYA 60IlOH 3XY-bIH acpar S1H3 6YPVllliH uyypxan rYTr3Il3r rapaax 6a1liB. 3H36YIl3r 60IlOIl400TOlii rasap 6YX3HA xOIl600THbir uar 51 MarT 3P3IlXVllAIl3H 3X OpHOOCOO ypearx 69r99A YHrepHVlIii xarscaaraa W3B33H T3pryyH 60IlOH Xaanraa AaXb aMepVlKVlIliH KOHCYIl COK06V1HTOIii HS1 rr XOIl600 TOrTOO>K 6alA>K33"48 r3>K 6V1l.1V1>K 6a1liB.

50AOOTOIA xOIl60rAYYIlaH yycr3c3H 6ycaA 3YlAIlVIlAH sapra saansxaji l.IyxaM A33PX 3YlAIlYYA33C yycr3IlT31A69rgeA TYYHVllAr AalAl.IIlaH 6apVlBl.IVlIl>K, XOpOOCOH S1BAaIlA l.I 99p uiarrrraau 6alAraarylA60IloIlTOlii IOM49.

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. 50AOOrVilAH 6alA4aaIlTbir xVillic3H ,lJ,Xr-bIH cyprar-i 6alACaH ,lJ,.II1. MaTpoH I CopoKVlHI: ",lJ,Xr 6alArYYIlax 3H3 a>KJlblH VIA S1B4 'AYHA S1nOH, XSlTaA 33p3r raaaan OpHbl rarHYYIlblH 6alAryYIlr1araTalii xOIl600 6yxVlIIi xyascranuu soper HYY4 xylliBaIlAaaHblr 3aCrVllAH raspaac C3A3BIl3H VlIlpyyIl>K TVYHVlllir M9PA9H 6apVlBl.IIlaX yyprVllAr WVlH3 TYTaM 6alliryYIlarAa>K 6alACaH ,lJ,Xr-T er-rsa. 3H3 xylliBaIlAaaHblr ep9HxVlIIi calAA areas 50.£100, 50rAblH OPAHbl H3r IlaMblH xaar IH3pVllAr Hb 0.£100 MapT>K331 TOIlrOIAIlCOH 6er99A T3PXYy 6yI13rT 14-16 XYH oponucoa 6a1AB.

3acrVllliH rasap T3AHVlllir Aapylli 6apVlBl.IIlaX ryuiaan erC9H ecoop xYIABaIlAaaHA oponuorconur H3r W9HVllAH AOTOP S1Map H3f 6YAIlVIaH camyypan rapraIlrylA6apVlBl.IVlIl>K l.IaACaH IOM"51 !"3>K XO>KVlM Hb 6V1l.1C3H 6alAAar. 50Aoor XVlIlCAYYI13H uaasnaxaa ,lJ,aH3aHrVlIAH oponuoo 6ararylli 6allicHbir rap-max M3A33 C3IlT 499Hrylli 6V111i.

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21

5aVl4aanTblH 6V14V1rT3V1 rauanuaxan ,lJ,aH3aH SSPVlVlH rapaap XVlVlC3H X3A X3A3H uoxorrr T3HA 6aVlraa IOM52.

50,£;100, ,lJ,aH3aH HapblH MapraaH ,Q33p ye3c 3xn3H ypr3n>KVlnc3H Y33n 6apVlMmanblH sepenaeea 60noB4 flBaH ascaap 3pX M3,QnVlIiiH renee T3M43n, XYBVlIiiH To0400Hbi eure asc 6yxVlVl spvvn 6V1w WVlH>KT31ii 60n>K ynaM xypuancaap 34CVlliiH 6yn3rT "aHrVlIiiH AaVlcaHTalii T3M43X apra" r3r4V1liir x3p3m3H H3r uereeree ycrrax 3YVln Ayycra>K3353 r3C3H TVYX4 ,lJ,.,lJ,awVlIiiH 3H3XYY AyrH3nTVlliir YHA3C fionroaon 3. PVlH4V1HO ,lJ,. 50Aoor ycrraarva 6aVlHa.

2. ,q.CYXSAATAPbIH YX3n,q 3.PMHlIMHO xonsoraox 3C3X TYXAft,q: 3.PVlH4V1HO, ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap /1893-1923/-T yxnVlVlH vpan sr4 ancau ryxaVl 3HA aB4 vase.

,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapbIH r3prVllii H.RH>KVlMaa AypcaH 6V14V1XA33: "Cyx6aaTap WSHS 6yp espVlIiiH 6l!1e3p 43pr33 3pr3A3r 6aliicaH. H3r uieue HaAaA uaraa er4 4 uarr c3p33r33p33 r3B. TVlVlHXYY 4 uarr 60co>K 43pr33 3pr33A 6 uarrapcaa 6eresA AaXVlH asax X3M33C3H, ronroa eBAeB X3M33r33A 60co>K 4aAanrylii X3BT3B.

T3P yeA epsHxVlVI caliiA areas )l{anxaH3 xyrarrua 33p3r caliiAYYA Op>K Vlp33A Cvxfiaarapr naM 3M433C TyBA 3M ervvncsa 6sreeA uieue Hb Maw VlX xanyypcaH 6ereeA T3p WSHe 6V1 6ac eepee xanyypaaa X3BT4V1X3B. Xoeynaa yxaauraa, yxaaHryVl X3BT3X 60nCOH fiereen 6V1AHl!1~r MaH>KyypblH H3r3H AOKTOP, X3A3H MOHron 3M4 Hap 33n>Kn3H 3M4n33A 6a1iiB.

Haaatir yxaaHryVl eB4T3V1 6aliixaA eep rspr opyynx 0PXlIICOH 6srssA 4V1Harw lOy 60ncHbir M3Ac3Hrylii ... XO>KVlM M3AB3n Cyx6aaTap esnceaeec XOVlW Aonoo AaXb XOHor A33p33 3MH3n3r asanrva aacuaac Hsr4CSH 6alii>K33."54 r3>K33.

,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapbIH xyy lancaH oypaanxnar-ran srCSH apununaranaa: " ... PlI1H4l11HOrll1liiH 3XH3P Hb conouroc XyH 6aliicaH 6sreeA aaeur 20 MOHron 43p3r xauraancaap aran 3n63rAOp>K PVlH4V1HO TSB Xopoo, 3aCrll1V1H la3pblH H3p 6apb>K 4SSXSH XOpOM yynsaan rapaxaaa aasn TII1V1M yxnll1V1H vpsn sr4 aM>KCaH 6aVlcaH IOM"55 X3M33H PVlH4l11HOr 6YPYYTraAar.

,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapbIH xaarpaa 3YTr3r4 n.,lJ,3HA3B AypTranAaa: "5V1A uaraas capblH II1A33 6YAaar 63nTr3>K 6aliicaH 6eresA 6aHw, 6yy3 4aHa>K erexen II1AC3HryVl, X3BT33,Q II1X33X3H xanyyps Mapraaw ernee Hb 60co>K 4aAcaHrylii 6 111m3. 51116V1ryyHII1Iii OPOVl )l{aMcpaHrll1V1H Ll3B33HlI1V13SBneceH ecocp IYPIl1IiiH AOO>K MaWIllHA cyy>K flBaaA cvxeaarapur Y3yyn3x33p 3M4 AHTOHOBblr aa-ipas. AHTOHOBTY3yync3H 60nOB4 Cyx6aaTapblH 6l11e calii>KlI1pcaHryVlynaM MYYAa>K 6aVlcaH 6a YYHVlVI Aapaa flMap 3M4 sanx y3yyn>K 6aliicHbir M3A3XryVl.

5l11AHVlliir 4 rapr opyynaxryVl6aVlcaap uaraau capblH WII1HII1V1H TaBHbl uieae yyp 4aliix uiaxax 6aVlxaA r3pT33 Hac 6apaB"56 r3>K33.

Ll3prll1liiH RaMHbl 6V14V1rT xanyya eB4V1H r3c3H 6aVlxaA Mapwan 401ii6ancaH xauaan xyp4 canxVlHA uoxaynaxan >KanXaH3 xyrarr, ,lJ,aH3aH

Hap 50rAblH naM 3M433p cauaaraa xoproa 3M er4 ancas r3>K II1nrr3C3H 6aliiAar.

Opoc 3M4 Ceneaaes, Conoasea Hap M3C sacan XVlliiH3 r3X3A uenee 6yxlI11ii XyMyyc 3SBnSnAS>K 3pC rarranaax, M3C xypryyn3xrylii r3>K33. 3M4 HapblH >KaH>KVlHbl uiapann XlI1liiC3H Y3n3r ryyH1I11ii 3eBVlVlr HOTonCOH 6aliiHa. 3aAanraar 3SBnenTII1V1H 43prll1liiH 3MH3nr3A XVlliic3H 6srseA 3XXaHA>KaB, r3prIl1IiiRH>KMaa, xyy rancaHnXYHA3B uapur 6aliin4yynaaryVl 6aliiHa.

MOHTA-rIl1IiiH M3A33r333p 60n Cyx6aaTapblH 6l11eA flMap H3r r3MT3n Y33rAc3Hrylii, 433>KHII1Iii xoep xa>KYY rann ynaaa 6YAar TVPXC3H Ton 60TOlii , aMHbl xeHAVlt'iA X3n, ypyyn, WYAHII1Iii sascapr flMap H3r uaraau HYHTarll1liiH ynA34T31ii, ynaas xoonoa, xoc r3A3C, Hapll1liiH r3A3CH VI Iii caner VlX ynaacau, A3nyy uycaap Ayyp3Hr3, anar epAlI1liiHxeec X3T TOMOPCOH r3>K Wl!1H>KVlnr33HVlIii aKTaA AYPAaaA uaaur Hb XVlMII1-6aTepIl10nOrVlIiiH WVI>KlI1nr33 X III Iii X uiaapnnararaa r3>K33Y

3H3 Aaryy 1923 OHbl 4-p capblH 18-Hbl eAep 3XY-bIH 4l11Ta XOTblH TeB 3MH3n3rT xVlliic3H xlI1MII1-6aKepll10nOrll1liiH WVlH>KlI1nr33HII1Iii flB4aA Il.Cvxfiaarapsta 6l11e xopnorncou 6aVl>K 60nox flMap H3r WII1H>K T3MA3r II1np33rylii 6aliiHa r3C3H xapay II1pyync3H 6aliiHa.

CyynA 3H3 ranaap 1940 OHbl 12-p capblH HTX-Hbl 6yrA xypan A33p X.401ii6ancaH "3XY-bIH 4l11Ta XOTblH TSB 3MH3n3rT XlI1liiC3H Xl!1Ml!1- 6aKepll10nOrll1liiH WII1H>KVlnr33HII1V1 flB4aA ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapbIH 6l11e xopnorncou 6alii>K 60nox flMap H3r WII1H>K T3MA3r II1np33ryVl 6a1iiHa"58 r3>K M3A3rAC3H 6aliiHa. YYH33C Y33x3A,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapbIH yxnll1liiH ranaapx "xoproji 3M" , "yxnVlIiiH YP3n" rsr4 Hb op YHA3crylii yr spaa 6aliicaH 6erSSA 3H3 acyyaann H3p xonfiorncou >KanXaH3 xyrarr, C.,lJ,aH3aH, 3.PII1H4I11HO Hap flMap 4 xon60rAonrylii 60nox Hb ronopxoa 60n>K 6aliiHa.

CyynVlIiiH yeA ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapblr 3.PII1H4I11HO ancaa 3C3X ranaap 3PA3MT3H, cYAnaa4V1AsepcAII1IiiH yrll1liir X3n>K AyrH3nT xlI1liix fioncou Hb caauraarrraa, YYHA: 3PA3MT3H Jl. 5aT04V1p " ... TVYXII1IiiH YH3HlI1liir Vln TOA X3n>K 61114V1X 4enee 60non400 H33rA3>K 6aliiraa eHssrVlVlH Hsx4snA raAaaA, ,QOTOOAbIH AaliicaHTalii xaap Haliiprylii T3M43n flByynaxblH 4yxnblr yH3Mwyymx 6apl!1MT fionroa ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTapblr xeHAneHrll1liiH 3Tr33A xopnou ancaa r3>K xapyynaxur oponnnorxyy-rau AOMor xon flBaxrylii Hb II1nT 60n>K33 ... " r3>K 61114C3H 60n, cY,Qnaa43.3PAsH36aflp" ... ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap, 3.PII1H4I11HO HapblH xapanuaa "xop er4 anax"-aap TyBWIllHA xvpran xypuaaarva 60nonToVl, Tyxaliin6an: 3.PII1H4I11HOrOOC ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap~H Tyxalii 1923 OH~ 3X33P 61114C3H ronopxoanorrron " ,lJ,.Cyx6aaTap C.,lJ,aH3aHr 60ABon apaa apA4l11nCaH Y33nTalii T3p633P C343H xas aliiMrll1liiH flAYY r3p 6ynA TSpCSH ... TII1IiiM y4paac rapnaapaa TSAVlliirylii axnaapaa >KII1HX3H3 nponerap 10M. T3p633p wYApara YH~H4 6a 30pll1rrolii, yxaauraa xyH. naM, 43PryyAlI1liiH AYHA Maw H3p XYHAT311!. Ync TSPIl1IiiH 3yrrSnTHlI11ii XYBbA 3ap4l11Mrylii, AYHAblr CaXIllCaH. 50rAblH eMHe 6f1nAYY4nax 3aH rapraaarrva ... Cyx6aaTap 3SBnsm OpOCT 4l11m3rA3X ranur

23

22

ryyurraa 6aplllMmar4, A3M>KIllr4 10M ... " r3C3H 6allix 6a "1923 OHbl 3-p capblH 13-HA 5yx LJ,3prllliliH 3eBneneec Il.Cvxfiaarapuu raasaa uraruanur Me HX>Kyyn3X, ap rapr Hb T3Tr3M>K onrox ryxaa 3acrllliliH rasapr 38 TOOT 61114 III r flByyn>K 6alli>K33"59 r3>K 61114C3H Hb PIIIH4I11Hor, ,Q. Cvxfiaarapuu YX3nA xoneornonrva fionoxur xapyyncau AyrH3m r3>K y3YYWT311i.

3. C.,o,AH3AHr X9H99X9,o, 3.PHHlIHHO xoneoruox 3C3X TYXAH,o,: C.,QaH3aH / 1873-1924 /, 3.PIIIH4I11HO HapblH XOOPOHA xysecrarrr 6alliryynnarblH a>Kllln yllincllllliH 3X3H yeA cauan H3rA3>K, rap Hlllllin3H a>Klllnna>K 6allicHbir I..\0XOH T3MA3rn3X X3P3rT311i 6ereeA xysscran ryH3rlllllip4 xer>KnllllliH 3aM uiansx aCYYAan rynrapcas yeA xapanuaa sepennex flBAan YAaa Aapaa Y33rA3x 60n>K3360.

,QaH3aHr1ll1liH Y33n 60AonA KanillTanlll3Mbir raauiaax, MOHron opuur T3p saaaap xerxvvnax r3C3H 6apillMman rycrarnax 6alli>K33. ,QaH3aH 6yrA HallipaMAax sacar TOrTOOX 4111rn3n 6apb>K 6a1liB.

3.PIIIH4I11HO 60n 3eBnenT 6alliryynanA H3rMeceH Wllln>KIIIX HOMnon 6aplllMTan>K 6a1liB. 8epeep xanfisn MAH-bIH 31..\cllliliH sopurrr Hb 3B xaMTblH ec 6ereeA HaM, xanuran xepeHreTHlll1li xer>KnIllIliH uiarur anracau 3H3 30 punron Xyp3X ecroa r3>K Y33>K 6a1liB. Xer>KnIllIliH 3aM uianex 3H38CYYAnaap T3P xoep H3n33A 3ep4111m311i 6allip CYYPb 6apIllMTan>KMapraX, ynMaap X3p3nA3X flBAan 4 raprax 6allicaH 60nonTolli.

Ep Hb ,QaH3aH "wlllnllllliH calliH 3p"-IIIIIiH 3apillM AYTarAnaa opxaorva , xaar axannax 6alliraa xYMyycnllir33 raapv roxapoxrva ceprenaex, Maprax, eepllllliHxeepee 3YTr3X 3aH -raaap Hb TVYHIilIli ,TepenXIIIII1H.3aH -taaap 6allicaH 60nOB YY r3>K ojinrornoxoop 6alliAar. 3H3 Hb 50AOOToili raap- TOXIllPOXOO 60nb>K TVYHlllllir xeHeeceH, 3.PIIIH4I11HOTolli MeH n raap-t TOXillPOxo060IlbCOH 33p3r 6alliAnaac ronopxoa 6alliAar.

Ep Hb xyascran flnCHbl napaax X3C3r xyrauaaua XYBbcran4AblH AOTOP "X3T XYBbcran4l11X" yyp aMbcran AaBaMrallin>K ryllinwpax Y33rA3n 30HXllln>K 6alllcaH r3X3A xerpvvnsr 60noxrylli 60nOB yy?

50Aoor xeHeexlIIlIlH eM Hex yeA -larnapxaa " ... Ta Hap OPOCYYA 6a PIIIH4111HOB uapraji Maw calliH. T3HAIIIIIl yrllllllr narax flBAar. 6111AHIIIIIlr xallixpaxrylli 6alliAar Hb 6111A3HA IIIX xoproa ryn 6111 ra HapblH A3pr3A vxse X3M33H 6yy rapracas", MeH 50AOO, ,QaH3aH xoepblH MapraaHbl yeA ,QaH3aHr antiart 30XIIIHO r3C3H cauanur MeH n -larnapxas rapracaaa eepee H3r3HT YH3H33P xvneaceu 60noH TyxalliH yellllllH 3anYY4YYAblH 3Bn3nllliliH T3ML\3n 33p3r "X3T xysscran-rax" yyp aMbcran rap-t 6alllcaH r3nT311l.

HaMblH AOTOPX T3MI..\3n xYPI..\AaXaA 3.PIIIH4I11HO, T.PblcKynoB Hap 6ararylli vvpsr ryIli1..\3Tr3>K33. H3H anaarysa xysscranv Y33n oaonur ryyurraa 6apillMTanCaH 3.PIIIH4I11HO Hb MOHronblH YHA3CHlllili a PA4IIIncaH xyascranuu X3p3rT oponuox, 3acrllllllH Faspsraseenex, HTX-Hbl T3pryyn3r4 rill wyy H , 5yx LJ,3prllllllH 3eBnenllliliH rsprvvner-t 33p3r MOHronblH TeplililiH TOMOOXOH

24

anfia« ryuiaann Xyp4 4aAcaHbi AYHA ync TepllliliH aMbApanA 6ararylli HeneeT311i 60n>K33. '

T3p633p HaMblH 3yyH >KlllrYYPIllIliHxHlllllir A3M>KIII>K, T3AHlllili ueneer 63X>Kyyn3x1ll1liH renee TepllliliH YAI.1PAnarblH AOTOP xarapan, 3BAP3n yycr3>K C.,QaH38HTalii IIInT sepennex 3xn3B. Ync OpHbl xer>KnIllIllH ranaapx YHA3CHlllili apA4111ncaHY33n 60noBcpoHryili 60noxblH X3P33pMoHronblH ouunorur yn xaaxpaa, 3XY- 6a KOMIiIHTepHlll1li Y33n 60Anbir rynrax rye opuur xysscranxyynax ron wyraMblr ryyurraa 6apIiIMTanCaH 3.PIIIH4I11HorIllIliH 6allip CYYPb C.,QaH3aHA raanaraaxrva 60n>K IIIp>K33. 3H3 Hb MeH -raaapraa YHA3CHIIIIIl apA4111ncaH 4111r 6aplIIM>Kaa 6a couaanacr oaonur H3BTPYYIl3X r3C3H casaapxrruu XOOpbHAblH T3MI..\3n 6allinaa61.

,QaH3aHraac, MOHron OpOH KanillTanlll3MblH saraaap xerxax ecroa r3C3H Y3n33 1922 OHbl xaspaac 3xn3H IIIA3BXT311i cypran-max 60ncoH Hb HaM, TepIIIlllH YAIilPAnaraA wllllliAB3pn3x HeneeT311i 6allicaH 3.PIIIH4I11HO, LJ,.,QaM6aAOp>K(9) HapblH 33p3r XYMYYCT311i xarapanaaa T3ML\3X3A xvprecss axryy.

T3AHlllili T3MI..\3n MAH-bIH III IIIX xypnblH veep 3pC xYPl..\aA>K33. 111 X xypan A33p YHA3CHIIIIIl apA4111ncaH 4111r 6aplIIM>Kaar XflHaH Y33X oponanoro XY4T311i rap-t 3.PIIIH4l11Horooc "MoHronblH xyascransu- IIIP33Ayili l..\arllllliH 6alliAan renee" X3M33C3H 6 3yllill c3ABlllilir raprax "MAH-bIH 31..\cllliliH sopanro Hb 3B xaar ec MeH 6ereeA HaM, xanuran xepeHreTHlII1Il xer>KnIllIliH uiarsrr anracas 3H3 30plAmOA Xyp3X ... u_lIIlIlr saax, flAYY AOOA aHrlllLiir rvuiarnsx, 6aflnar xepeHreTHlllllir yn repvvnax, HIIIIIlr3M >KypMblr 6alllryynar4l11A-nponeTaplll Hapblr 6ylli 60mox uiaapnnarsrr TaBb>K3362•

MAH-bIH IIllIIx xypnaap HTX-bIH raanaar X3Il3nI..\3>K 6allix yeA 3.PIIIH4I11HO "MOHroIlbIH xyascranua IIIP33Aylll l..\arllllliH 6alliAaIl renes" X3M33X TOBXIIIMOIlOO IIIX xypnblH reneenerxnen rapaax uMAH-bIH 31..\cllliliH sopanr Hb 3B xaMTblH ec 6ereeA HaM, xarraran xepeHreTHlll1li xer>KnIllIllH uiarsrr anracaa 3H3 sopunron Xyp3X ecroa" r3X M3J33p 6 3yllinllliliH C3A3B /xaecparrr NQ 1/-lIIlIir IIIX xypnaap x3Il3nL\YYIl3x, HaMblH MepllliliH xeTen6eplllilir YHAC33P Hb eep-mex cauan OPYYIl>K33. f3B4 xypnblH Aapra ,QaH3aH "MoHronA eeplIIlllH xepeare rea 6allixrylli y4111p 3H3 60n eHeeAPllllliH xansnuax 3yllin 6111W, MapraawllllliH X3p3r," "3PM3Il33X apaas 3yllin 6011 PIIIH4111HO 33p3rxYMyyc33C WIIIH3 3yllinlllilir H3M3H rapracas TeAlllllireep eep4l11n>K 60nox TIllIliM 3HrllliliH 3ylllnYYA 6111w" r3C3H cauan rapracaur XYPIlblH reneener-ran A3M>K>K33.

3.PIIIH4I11HorIllIliH IIIIlTr3C3H 6 3yllill c3ABlllilir x3n3IlL\3x XYPT3Il yr XYPIlblH axurmaraa x3BllliliH ypr3Il>KIIIIl>K 6allicaH 6ereeA xaplIIH yr C3ABllliliH TyxaliiA ,QaH3aH eepllllliH cauaa 60Anblr lIIIl3pxlIIlIln>K rapracaaac xolliw YAIIIPAax 3apillM HexAllllliH AOTOP TVYHlllllir YIlC TepIIIlllH xyl3bA TeAlllllirylli 6111e xYHlllilix Hb XYBbA xeueex rax 6ypyy cauaa rapv IIIPC3H 60nonTo1li63.

3aIlYY4YYAblH 3BIl3nllllllH AOTOPX "X3T xyaecran-i" Y33IlTHYYA 3acrllliliH raspua Hap~IIiH 61114rllliliH Aapra 5aBaacaH, MX33-IIIIIiH TeB XOPOOHbl napra

25

6YS'lHH3M3X HapblH 33p3r X33-~'1I1;H 3apll1M y,QlI1p,QarY,Qblr rycraapnax XOPbCOH 33p3r xyyns 6yc Ylltn,Q3n XlI1l1tCHlI1l1tr ,lJ,aH3aH 3C3prYYLp>K, II1X xypana oponuoxooc rarranscaa a>K33.

4111Hr3M3r4 ,lJ,aM6a,Qop>K II1X xypnblH TSnSnSrY,QII1I1tH ,QyH,Q J],aH3aHr1l111tH 3Cp3r yyp aMbCran 6YP,Qyyn3x sopanroop "J],aH3aH MOHronblH xoep ,QaXb xaaa 60n>K33. X3P3S T3p 3H3 WSHS 6111,QHlI1l1tr 6YY,Qaa,Q an4111XSan SlaHa! J],aH3aH ypSa>K33. TYYHlI1l1tr XY433P aS4111paX X3P3rT311t " r3>K y,Qaa ,Qapaa X3n3XII111tH XaMT "Ilaasaar 6apll1S4111naXblr PII1H4I11HO,Q naanras" r3X M3T33p cauan rapraCHbl ,Qapaa (xascpanr NQ2) ,lJ,aH3aHr1l111tH ryxallt ,Q3nr3p3Hrylit M3,Q33n3n (xascpanr NQ3)-lI1l1tr PII1H4111HO II1X xypann XII1I1t>K33.

II1x xypnblH SMHS J],aH3aHr1l111tH a>KlI1n SlsyynrblH ranaap Sspll1l1tr Hb oponuyynaa xapayunararaa XYMYYClI1l1tr xypanayynaxaap PII1H4111HO xoep 4 y,Qaa cauaa-rancaa 60nOS4 T3p Hb 6YT33rYlit 60nOH epSHXlI111t callt,Q L\3p3H,QOP>K, PII1H4111HO ,lJ,aH3aH XOepTOIit yynsax J],aH3aHr PII1H4111HOrll111tH SMHS 6ypyyraa xyn33>K SSPIl1I1tHXSS 30XII1Crylit a>KlI1n Slsyynrblr sorcooe r3C3H aM raarapar er r3>K srrax aM rasrapar ervvncsu 60nOS4 J],aH3aH sspee aacaps ,QYTar,Qnaa sacaarva 6alltHa.

MeH" ... 3n63r,Q0p>K, C.,lJ,aH3aH xoepuu HalltpaM,Qanrylit 60nCOH Y4pblr TO,QopXOlitnOH X3n>K X3PX3X aprur seaneen 3n63r,Qop>KlI1l1tr X3S33P yn,Q33>K, J],aH3aHr MOCKsa,Q asyynaxaap reneenes'?' r3>K ,Q33pX xoepsm 3ep4111nT311t xontiomyynaacanaa TaSb>K 6alltCHbir epeHXlI111t callt,Q L\3P3H,QOP>K 1923 OHbl o.8-pC;apbIH 14-H,Q 61114111>K 6allt>K33. 3H3XYY casaaxnaraa L\3P3H,QOP>K, ,lJ,aH3aH,Q X3n>K raaanuyyncaa 6alltx. 3H3 M3T4l11n3H ,lJ,aH3aHr1l111tH annaa ,QYTar,Qnblr 3aC4 sanpyynax ranaap ,Q33pX XyMyyC canaa-mara raprax 6alltCaH 60110S4 ,lJ,aH3aH TYYHl.1l1tf Hb XY1l33>K asaarva 6alltHa.

, ,lJ,aH3aH HII111tCn3n XYP33HII111t VYPYY,QII1I1tH TenesnerY,QlI1l1tr xypanayynx I.1nTr3n raascau 33p3r 6yca,Q acyy,Qnyy,Qaac YH,Q3cn3>K PII1H4111HO II1X xypana ,Q33pX M3,Q33Jl3n XII1IAX33C eep aprarva 6allt,Qan,Q XYPC3H 6alltHa.

3.PII1H4I11HO 3H3XYY M3,Q33113n,Q33 J],aH3aHTalit xontiornox 8 acyynan, ryxajinfian: IYPll1nblH aCYY,Qan 60noH ,Q3H 6yy,Qan 6alltryynax 33p3r ,QaH xaranraa xoneornox aCYY,QnYY,Qblr TO,QOPXOIit 6apll1MTaap flPbCHbl ,QOTOP XaMrll1l1tH H04TOlit Hb XSlTa,QbIH xyypaa 3aMblH ,Q3,Q >KaH>KHaaC ,lJ,aH3aH,Q II1Pyync3H "Yynsax 60n300 TOrTOOX XYH II1nr33H3 yy?" r3C3H HYY4 3aXII1,Qan 6allts.

13S4 PII1H4111HOrll111tH ranaap, "3.PII1H4I11HO HaM, 3Sn3nll111tH ,QOTOPX X3T 3YYH Y33mHYY,QlI1l1tr ,Q3S3pr3H 3aCrll111tH la3pblH Hapll111tH 61114rll111tH ,Qapra Basaacaa, MX33-I!1I1tH Tea XOPOOHbl ,Qapra 6YSlHH3M3X aapur xyyne 6ycaap 6apI!1S411yyn>K, ynMaap C.J],aH3aHr XYPllblH Ylltn axannaraaaa oponuoxooc rarransaxan xvprsx, 343CT Hb 1924 OHbl 8-p capblH 28-Hbl uieue TYYHlI1l1tr 6apll1S4naH 24 4arl!111tH ,QOTOP X3prl!111tr racnau WI!111tTr3X yyp3r 6yxI!111t "6YP3H 3PXT KOMI!1CC"-blr 6alltrYYll>K 1924 OHbl 8-p capua 30-H,Q aMb uacsrr Hb xyyns 6ycaap ervvrrsa XOXlI1pOOS"65 r3>K MOHron YnCblH TYYx N 60Tb T-1471-H,Q

26

T3M,Q3rn3C3H Hb MeH 4aHapTaa HaMblH IlIl!1x xypan, "6YP3H 3pXT KOMII1CC"blH a>Kl!1n, yyprll1l1tr 6ypMeceH yrylltcr3>K rauuxaa PI!1H41!1HOrll111tH saaaap, sesneuxeep II1X xypnblH ylltn axannaraa asarnax, ,lJ,aH3aHr1l111tH aCYY,Qan WII1I1t,Qs3pn3r,Qc3H r3>K o IItnror,QO>K 6alltHa.

Xapuu 4 3.PII1H4I11HOrIl1I1tH M3,Q33n3n XI!1I1tX yel!1l1tH II1X xypnsrn 18..;p xypannaaa 11924 OHbl 8-p capblH 26/-bl ylltn a>Kl!1nnaraaHbl T3M,Q3rn3n / nporosonz-eec Y33X3,Q 3n63r,Qop>K: "3H,Q 41!1Hb lOy 60n>K 6alltHa. 33SC3r 6apl!1H rynannax ,Q33P33 XYP4111XC3H r3>K yy? 61!1 ralltxa>K 6alltHa. L\3prl!1l1tH 3esnen,Q ,Qapra, L\3prl!1l1tH RaMHbl callt,Q, >KaH>KI!1H wTa6blH ,Qapra HapblH 33p3r XyMyyC 6allt,Qar ryn ra HapblH caaansrr 3H3 XYMyycrylltr33p 6111 rauuaapaarvauerrsx 4a,Qaxrylit. L\3prll1l1tH sesnen aax X3P3rT311t 60n>K 6alltHa. ,lJ,aH3aHr 6apll1ynax r3C3H 10M yy? YYHlI1l1tr 6111 rasuaapaa WI!1I1t,Qs3pn3>K 4a,Qaxrylit. 3H3 X3prll111tr Tea XOPOOH,Q x3n3n43>K, X3prll111tH yr Y4pblr on ox X3P3rT311t.

II1x xypan, 3aCrll111tH raaapraa axnaa 30xl!14yyn>K a>Kl!1nnax X3P3rT311t, X3prll111tr yn Mepryllt 60nroxblH ryn,Q ,Qyryy ,Qynll1M Sls,Qan raprax 60noxryllt" r3>K X3n>K 6alltCHbir Hb lOy r3>K ojinrox S3? 3.PII1H4I11HOrIl1I1tH X3nC3H 3H3 yr, J],aH3aHr1!111tH acyynann 60nrOOM>KTOIit xaunax X3P3rT311t r3,Qrl!1l1tr I!1X xypnblHxaH,Q aaxaapyyrix X3nC3H yr r3>K oanrornox 6alltHa. PI!1H4I!1HO, ,lJ,aH3aHr anb 60noxoop xeHsex Tan ,Q33p 6alltCaH 60n I!1Hr3>K 60nrOOM>KJ1yynax yr X3n3X ecryllt 6alltx.

Tyyx4 Il.Ilatu 6Li14I11X,Q33: "J],aH3aH ... MOHronbIH xyascranua X3TII111tH TSneSl!1l1tH acyyanaap eMHex ye,Q 6apl!1MTan>K 6alltCaH uiyraaaac I!1X33X3H ra>KYY sepvv, epHb xapw T3>K X3n>K 60nMoop Y33n 6apll1Mm8X fioncou Hb axarnarnaar 10M,

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TII111tM33C 4 ,lJ,aH3aH, xyascranua X3p3rT TYP 3yypblH 3aMblH xaHb 6on>K asaaa ap,Q4l11ncaH xysecranua ryH3rll111tp3nTII111tH ye,Q rye opHblr xepeHreTHl!111t 6yc 3aMaap xerxvvnsx r3C3H HaMblH >KaH>KII1H wyraMblr 3c3pryY43>K, HaMblH ,QOTOP rapcau 6apYYHTHbi uyranaaruur eexurvvnaa 30XII10H 6alltryyn>K 6alACaH Sls,Qan MAH':bIH III 111 X xypnaap l!111p3r,Qc3H 6a1ltHa68.

27

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Tycraa KOM~CCbIH TOrTOOJl Y MeH Jl T~~M aryynraraa IOM70 racsH6a~Aar. 3HS M3TY~JlSH AaH3aHTa~ XOJl600TO~ 6ycaA aCYYAJlYYA~xxYPJlaac 3acr::~~H Fasapr ~ByYJlCaH 6~Y~r, rycraa KOM~CCbIH TOrTOOJl,Q 6YPSH rycrarnax "AaH3aH HapblH xyascransra scpsr xspr~~r ~JlPYYJl>KTaCaJlCaH rycraa KOM~CCbIH TOrTOOJl" /xaacparrr NQ 4/-b1H HsrAyr3sp 3Y~Jl~~H saanraap C.AaH3aHr uaasaap aBYSS.

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28

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P~HY~HOX3AIII~r33p "HeJlee"-T3~ XYH 6a~caH 60JlOBY AaH3aHrlll~H acyynnur XaMTOJlHOOPOO, eepeep X3Jl63Jl ~X xypan, "5YPSH 3PXT KOMIIICC"blH X3M>KSSHA wliilliAB3PJl3C3H y-rpaac H3f XYH~1Ii "aenee" xylol xvpexrva 6a~caH 6a~x r3>K Y33X YHA3CT3~.

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29

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MAXH-bIH IJ,YP3MIJ,: " ... lypaBlJ,yraap ~HTepHa4~OHaIlbIH >K~HX3H3 r~wYYH 60Il>K 6ycalJ, OIlOH YIlCblH HaMYYIJ,TalA H3r3H alJ,~Il TaCIlaH W~IATr3X 3pX 6yx~1A 60IlOXblr XYCH3." r3C3H saarrr OP>K33. YYH33C Y33X31J, MAXH Y33Il cypran , 30X~OH 6alArYYIlaIlTblH ranaap KOMMYHIACT HaM 60Il>K xyaapaxur 3PM3Il33>K 6alAraaraa anfiau ecoop TYHxama>K33. II1IAHXYY KOM~HTepH~IA 6yx waTHbl 6alAryYIlIlaraac rapracas anusaa TOrTOOIl W~IAIJ,B3p, KOM~HTepH~IA TeIlSSIlSr4IJ,~IAH 51Map 4 aaasap 4~rIl3Il~(;1r MAXH yr IJ,yyry(;1 X3P3r>KVYIl>K 6~eIlYVIl3X yYP3rT3(;16oIl>K XYB~paB.74 3H3 Hb MAXHblr 6oIlbweB~K4Ilax a>KIlblH rapaa 6alACaH 6srssIJ, yyHIJ, T.PbICt<yIlOB 4yxan yyp3r ryIA43Tr3>K33.

II1IAM33C 4 1925 OHbl 8-p capblH 13-HIJ, Kill IX(lO)·Hbl AOPHOlJ,blH X3IlTC~IAH konnerooc T.PbICKYIlOBbIH ~IlTr3IlIJ, rapracau TOrTOOIlblH t-p 3y(;1IlIJ,: " ... PblCKYIlOBblH a>KIlblH 4~r wyraMblr yHIJ,C3HIJ, Hb 3SB r3>K Y3cyr31A .... APlJ,blH Xysecrarrr HaMaac OIAPblH xyrauaaaa SMHSS TaB~X yHIJ,C3H soparrrur aaax erex Hb 3YIAT3(;1 r3>K Y3cyr31A. HapMa(;1 MOHroIl r3r4 xaannarua xop ajoynsrr

30

rycraanau T3MIJ,3rIl3cyr31A ... "75 r3C3H saanraap T.PbICKYIlOBblr caauiaax, 3.P~H4~Hor 6YPYYTra>K33.

PbICt<yIlOB MOHrOIlIJ, H3r >K~Il axunnaxaaa MAH-bIH III ~X xypnaac TSIlSBIleH aaacaa Kan~TaIl~CT 6~w XSr>KIl~IAH >KaH>K~H wyraMblr X3p3r>t<yyIl3X31J, 4~rIl3C3H 6ap~MT 6~4ryylJ,~(;1r 60IlOBcpYYIlax 60IlOH TVYH~IA 6~eIl3IlT~lAr 30X~OH 6alAryym;lx T3M43IllJ, HaMblH ylJ,~plJ,ax a>K~IlTaH uapr ~1J,3BXT31A rycnanuau a>K~IlIla>K 6a(;1B.76 3H3 a>K~IlIJ, KOM~HTepH~1A aurar COH~PXIlbIH ranaac a>K~IlIlaCaH Hb rapuaarva, 3H3 6YXH33C Y33X31J, MOHroIl yncur KOM~HTepH~1A "xaTYY rap"-T arryyncau XyH Hb 3.P~H4~HO 6~w, T.PbICKYIlOB MeH 60Il>K 6alAHa. 3H3XYY aCYYIJ,Ilblr cylJ,Ilaa4~1J, 3SB ranaac Hb oanrox Y4~pTalA.

1925 OHIJ, T.Pblct<yIloBaac , TVYH~lAr 6Y4aax W~IAIJ,B3p rapracauraa xOIl6orlJ,YYIlaH MAXH-bIH TSB XOPOOHIJ, ~PYVIlC3H 6~4~rT33 3.P~H4~HOT0(;1 3SPSIllJ,SX 60IlCOH 18 uiarrrraaauxaa ryxalAlJ, H3Il331J, IJ,3m3p3HrylA sryYIlC3H 6alAIJ,ar 6sresIJ, TyyHIJ, 6~4C3H33C Y33X31J, 3.P~H4~HO Hb T.PbICKYIlOBTO(;1 H3Il331J, IJ,33P3HrylA ssp~(;1Hxes 60lJ,Ilorbir rynrax YVIJ,H33C xapsucas, MeH TYVH~lAr YHIJ,3CIl3IlfYIA rvrrau 6ypyynax r3C3H xananara a>K~rIlarlJ,a>K 6a(;1>K33.77

3.P~H4~HO, T.PbICKYIloBTalA 6alAHra sepx, CSprSIlIJ,S>K 6alACaH Hb KOM~HTeH~1A svraac TaBb>K 6alACaH YIlC Tep~(;1H 60lJ,IlOrbir XYIl33H aesuieepexrva 6alACaHIJ, OpW~>K 6alACaH 60IlOIlTOIA.

<l>YTaK~ X~pOW~IAH IJ,yrH3cH33P P~H4~Hor KOM~HTepH~IA "rap XSIl 6oIlor4" X3M33H Y33X Hb YH3X33P y4~p IJ,YTarlJ,aIlTalA 10M. P~H4~HO Hb KOM~HTepH~1A 60IlOH KOM~HTepH~1A TSIlSSIlSr41J,~IAH saaapur T3p 4~r33p Hb 6~eIlYYIl>K 6a(;1raarylA, SSP~IAH Y33Il caaaaraap YIAIl a>K~IlIlaraa 51ByyIl>K 6alA>K33 r3CH~lAr IJ,OOpX "HYY4 3aX~lJ,aIl"-bIH aryynraraa XOIl6oH Y33>K 60IlOX 6aIAHa.

4~4ep~H33C (11) 1925 OHbl 8-p capun 18-HIJ, 30Y-aac MOHroIl YIlCT cyyraa 6YP3H 3pX 6ap~x 3Il4~Hr33p a>K~IlIla>K 6alACaH Bac~IlbeBr<12) ~pyyIlC3H "Maw HYY4" 3aX~IJ,IlaaC ronanyynas. 'YYHIJ,: " ... OIJ,OO 6~IJ,H~1A ron IJ,alACaH P~H4~H04YYIJ, 6a(;1Ha .... P~H4~HOr~IAH 4~r wyraM 6~IJ,H~1A IJ,3IlX~IAH ~Il 60lJ,IlOrblH 601J,~T uraapnnaryynraa XaMr~IAH XYP4 6a(;1IJ,Ilaap 3Sp4~IlIJ,SX 60IlIlOO. YYH33C 60IlOOlJ, MaHalA IJ,3IlX~IAH 6oAIloro aypax 51BIJ,Ilblr 6~1J, rapryynx 4alJ,axrylA.

TYVH~IA Y33Il 6ap~MTIlaIl MaHalA 4~r wyraMTalA ecpar racpar TSIJ,~(;1ry(;1 X3P3r>KVYIl3X 3aMIJ, Hb XSHIJ,IlSH 30rCO>K 6alAHa. 13TaIl OIJ,OO T3p T3HIJ, 6alAlJ,ar. T3HIJ, 6alAHa r31J,3r 60Il 6ycIJ,alJ, HSIlssrss XaIlIJ,BapIlYyIl>K MOHroIlblr 6~IJ,H~1A 3aM IJ,aXb caan rorrop 60IlfOH xysapraaa r3C3H yr.

T~IAM33C 6~1J, TYYH~lAr MOHrOIlIJ, 6alAxrYIA 60IlfOX, P~H4~H04YYlJ,bIH xannsapur sorcoox ranaap 3pC W~IAIJ,B3PT31A apra X3M>K33 asax uiaapnnararaa 60Il>K 6alAHa.

31

CaHn.o1~H APAblH KOM~CCapaTbIH uryrarsaap 8pree /Ypral-A MaHa~ 6a~Aan cynap-i 6a~raa 60nOH Aa~CarHar'-l3neMeHryYA ~A3BX>K~>K 6a~raa rvruivvpr M3A33 ~p3X 60nnoo. 3H3 60n MaHa~ HeX4n~~r cynpyynax r3C3H P~Ii4~Hor~~H X~~C3H X3p3r 6a~>K raapaa. rlMap 60noB'-I 6~A T3r3xn33p .MOHrOnA 6ap~Mmax MaHa~ A3nX~~H 60AnorOTO~ XaTYY H~~4C3H, ~nyy TOAOPXO~ '-I~r uryrawsrr 60noBcpyynax uraapnnara raa 60nnoo. i.B.4~'-Iep~H"78 r3C3H 3H3XYY "HYY4 3aX~Aan"-bIH aryynra 3.P~H'-I~HO r3r'-1 xyli MOHron yncblH ryxa~A ync Tep~~H s:lMap '-I~r wyraM 6ap~MTan>K 6a~CHblr 6~AH~~ s:lp~aA, 6~'-I33A 6a~raaraac T3C eepeep AyrH3x3A xvprax 6a~Ha. 3H3XYY saxanan Hb 3.P~H'-I~HOr TaH~H M3A3X3A rvnxsu er'-l 3H3 XYH~~ ranaap aepsr AyrH3nT X~~X3A xypr3>K 6a~Ha.

MOHronblH HaM, Tep~~H YA~PAnara KOM~HTepHA ~Tr3>K, TYYH~~ saaaap sesnereer xyn33H 8B'-I X3p3r>Kyyn3x~~r 3pM3n33>K 6a~caH aB'-I MOHronblH YHA3CH~~ 3pX auiarraa 3ep'-l~nACeH anasaa y~n axannaraaan Hs:l4aanT erv, 3H3 ranaapx 6a~p cyypaa X3H33C '-I a~>K 3M33xry~r33p ~n3px~~n3X '-IaABapTa~raa H3r 6yc ynaa xapyyncau 10M.

YYH~~ H3r ~np3n Hb KOM~HTepH~~ reneener-i T.PblcKynoB 60nOH 3.P~H'-I~HOr 3X 0POHA Hb 6Y4aax W~~AB3p~~r 1925 OHbl 6-p capa MAXHblH TeB XOPOOHbl T3pryyn3r'-l~A rapracas s:lBAan 10M.

Psrcxynoa, P~H'-I~HO HapblH T3M43n ceprenneea Hb HTX-Hbl a>K~nA caaa y'-lpyynax 60ncOH TeA~~ry~ TeB XOPOOHblXHbl AYHA 3B 3BA3X3A xvpracaa X3M33H yr xypnaac Y3C3H 6a~Ha. 79

V1Hr3>K P~H'-I~HOr 6Y4aax W~~AB3p rapcaa '-I "1925 OHbl 10-p capn ... a>K~nna>K 6alllcaH IOM.8o P~H'-I~HOr 6Y4aax W~~AB3p rapracaa '-I xapaaxaa 6Y4axry~ 6a~caH y'-l~PA33pX "HYY4 saxanan" Bacansear ~pC3H 60nomo~.

3.P~H'-I~HOr~~H ync Tep~~H y~n axannaraar ryxa~H yeA rep sacraac 30X~X scoop YH3n>K 6Y4caH XO~HO Hb '-I MocKBaA 3n'-l~Hr~~H seanexeep TOM~nox acyynnaap epeHx~~ ca~A 0.L\3P3HAOP>K00C HTX-HA asyyncau 6~'-I~rT: " ... 3n63rAOp>K00p· seanex rywM3n~~H ryuiaanur Typ opnyynx 60nox 3c3x~~r 3y~ Hb ypsnaap saaaap aB'-I ry~43Tr3B3n 30X~X H3r3H ryn yYH~~r MAXH-bIH TeB XOPOOHOO epreu M3Ayvm3A onABOOC 6a~4aaH TOM~n>K cypras saax a>KaaMYY. YYH~~ ryn epres. 1925 OHbl 12-p capblH 1. Ayraap 266"81 r3C3H an6aH 6~'-I~r s:lByyn>K 6a~>K33.

1931 OHA MOHronblH 3acr~~H Fasap Hexep P~H'-I~HOr~~H 1921 OHA apAblH xyascransrr snyynax, TYYH~~r 63X>Kyyn3x X3p3rT 6a~ryyncaH raasaa, opyyncau xyas H3Mp~~r eHApeep YH3n>K apAblH xysecraneu- 10 >K~n~~H ojiroop ynaau ryr~~H oaoaroop uiaruacan 6a~Ha.82

32

rercren 6YIOY TOB'-I AVrH3JlT

3.P~H'-I~HO Hb MOHronblH apAblH xyascranuu ononrur 63X>KYYn3X, ync OpHbl Xer>Kn~~H X3T~~H renesaar TOAOpXO~n>K Tap '-I~r PYV >KonOOAOX Y33n 6ap~Mmanblr OHonblH XYBbA 60noBcpyyn>K xapsrxvvnex ranaap 30Y, KOM~HTepH~~ aapaa'r uiaxanraap 6yc, eep~~H 6~e AaacaH Y33n 6ap~MTnanaap MOHron yncblH ~p33Ay~r receenx, W~H3 MOHronblr 6a~ryynax '-I~H sopanro esepnecea ync re P'-l , OHOn'-l 6a~caH 6ereeA TYYH~~ osonoop MOHron ync xer>K~>K ~pcH~~r 3ap~M H3r3H TYVX'-I~~H 6~'-IC3H33p "6ypyy samaap 6YAaa T33nr3c3H" r3>K Y33X YHA3C 6a~xry~.

3H3 XyH MAH, 3acr~~H ia3pblH enep TYTaMblH a>K~nA 6~e'-ln3H oponuox, xyascranuu onorrrur 63X>KYyn3x3A, xvnaacaa yYP3rT axnuuxaa XVP33HA TOAOPXO~ acyyanur caaaa-maa 30X~OH 6a~ryyn>K, MOHron opuur uaraaarsu ynA3rA3nyYA33c -reneenex, AOTOOAblH xysecranua 3C3Pryy 6yn3rn3nyYA~~r Aap>K ycrrax 33p3r y~n axannaraana >K~HT3~ xyss H3M3p opyynx axannaxsa

T3p633p x~n~~H '-IaHaAaA 6a~x vescaa MOHronblH xYBbcran'-l~ATa~ oap AOTHO a>K~nna>K, T3AH~~ xyescranv y~n a>K~nnaraaHA saasap seaneree erex, 6~'-I~r 6ap~MT 60noBcpyynax, opsyynra X~~X 33p3r onou rarrr a>K~nA rycnanuau axannax 6a~>K33.

MOHronblH xyBbcran'-l~A 1920 OHbI9-pcapAA33A-YAxoTHoO aesnenreea X~~>K uaaumuuxaa ry~43H3X axriur renaaneceu 6ereeA T3PXYY renesnereean Hb: MOHron opsur raAaaAblH napnanaac xeneenx, MOHronblH onou TYM3H apnur AOTOOAblH cpeoAanblH 600n'-lnonooc aHr~>KpyynaxbIH renee T3ML.pX sopanro 6yx~~ apAblH xysscranua onou TYMH~~ HaMblr 6a~ryynax. YYHA: YpbA Cyx6paTap, P~H'-I~HO, Jlocon, oOAoO HapblH 33p3r XYMYVC~~H 6a~ryyncaH YHA3CH~~ xysscrarrr 6ynr~~r rye HaMblH YHA3C fionron 6a~ryynax r3C3H aCYYAan8~ TeneBnereeH~~ NQ 1-A rycrarncasaac Y33X3A P~H'-I~HO Hb Cvxfiaarap, Jlocon, 00,[100 HapblH 33p3r XYMYYC~~H xasrr yr 6ynr~~r 6a~ryyncaH Hb TOAOPXO~ 6ereeA 3H3 Hb MAH-bIH 3X YYCB3P 60ncoH 6a~Ha.

3.P~H'-I~HO "MAH-bIH x~n~~H '-IaHaA AaXb TOB'-IOO"-HA opnor-roop TOM~norAOH axannacaa veec 3xn3H "HaMblr YHA3cn3H 6a~ryynar'-lAblH TOOHA oponuox s:lBcaH"6ereeA MAH-bIH >KaH>K~H wyraMblr ryyurraa xaMraanar'-l, H3r HaMblH TeneeH~~ T3M~~~r MaHna~nar'-l 6a~B.

3. P~H'-I~HO Hb 1919-1920-00A OHbl yeA rycraap TOrTHon, uiaune-, YHAC33 xaaraanax sopanro 6yx~~ x3A X3A3H HaM 6yn3rn3n lapAblH, ryWM3A~~H, HOSAblH HaM 6ymrmnl MOHronA 6~~ 60ncOH '6a~cHblr MAH 6a~ryynarAcaH ye3c H3r HaMblH TOrTon400HA opyynax y~n s:lB4aA xouiyyvnau oponuox, MAH-bIH O~PbIH 60nOH X3T~~H aoparrrur "MOHronblH xyascransm ~P33AY~ 4ar~~H 6a~Aan renee" C3A3BT33 OHonblH XYBbA ronopxoancou 6a~Ha.

33

•

T3p633p MOHron OpHbl xeDKm1IAH X3TlillAH TeneBlillArTOAOpXOlAn>KeeplillAH r3C3H Y33n 6apIiIMTJ1anblr ,Q.50AOO, C.,QaH3aH, ,QCVX6aaTap, )f{.Ll3B33H napaac eep 41i1rI13n33p, OHOnblH XYBbA 6onoBcPyyn>K X3p3r>Kvvn3X 3Xn3nlillAr TaBbCaH 6alAHa.

TlillAM33C 4 A33pX C3A3BT33: " ... MAH-bIH 34ClillAH sopurrr Hb 3B XaMTblH ec 6ereeA HaM, xarurran xepeHreTHlil1A Xer>KJlIilIAH uiarsrr anracaa 3H3 sopanron XVP3X eCTOIA" r3C3H ouoneru VHA3Cn3nlillAr aHX A3Bwyvn3H TaBb>K33.

YVH iii IAr YHA3C fionrou, MOHron opaur xanaranucr 61i1w Xer>KJlIilIAH 3aMA opyynax V33n 6apIiIMTJ1anblr MAXH-bIH TeB XopOO, X51HaH Wamax TeB KOMIiICCblH xamrapcaa III OH4 6vrA xypan 11932 OHbl 6-p capua 301-aap MAXH-bIH 6apIiIMT 61i141i1rT an6aH ecoop aHX rycracas 6a1AHa.64

YnMaap 3H3XYY Y33n 6apIiIMTJ1anblH VHA3Cn3nlillAr MAXH-bIH XV IiIX xypan 11966/-aap 6aTanCaH WIiIH3 nporpaMMblH "MoHron ync <l>eoAanlil3Maac c041i1anlil3MA Wliln>KIiIH OpCOH Hb", "pH MAY -A C041i1anlil3M 6alAryyn>K Ayycrax ranaap MAXH-aac TaBIiIX soparrr" r3C3H VHAc3H X3C3rT opyynx, MAXH-bIH XVI, XVII, XVIII IiIX xypann, HaMblH AepeBAyr33p nporpaaa A3Bwyync3H C041i1anlil3Mblr 6alAryynax 30pIiIJ1Tblr ryH3rlillApyync3H OHonblH WIiIH>KT31A 3apIiIM .AvrH3nTYYAlillAr XIilIA>K 6alACaH IOM.65

3. PIiIH41i1HOrlillAH 6onoscpyyncaH V33n 6apIiIMTJ1an ononu« XYBbA IiIHr3>K 6ru:1>KlilrAa>K, sacaapnarnax apAblH xysscranua 3X3H veec, apA41i1nCaH xyascranua ve XVPTJ13X xyrauaasn 6ylOy eepeep x3Ji63n MOHron yncblH 70 uraxars >KlilnlillAH Xer>KJlIilIAH 41i1r wyraM 6on>K IiIPC3H r3>K Y33X 6YP3H YHA3CT31A. 3H3 n 41i1r wyraM, Y33n 6apIiIMTJ1anaap MOHron ync xer>KliI>K, C041i1anlil3MlillAH MaTeplilan TeXHIiIKlillAH 6aa3 6alAryyn>K\.jpc3HlillAr yrYlACr3X YHA3C 6alAxrylA.

3H3XYY, MOHron yncur xanuran xepeHreTHlil1A Xer>KflIilIAH uiarur anrac-i c041i1anlil3MA Wliln>KIilX "Xer>KJlIilIAH aarsap" Hb 3.PIiIH4Ii1HOrIilIAH OHonblHTOM 6YT33n r3>K YH3n3rA3x ecroa,

3H3 6YXH33C AyrH3JlT XlillAX3A 3.PIiIH4Ii1HO Hb MAH-blr YHA3Cn3f4AIilIAH H3r 6ereeA apAblH xyascranua YAIiIPAar4AblH 3rH33HA 3YIA ecoopcpx roouoraox XYHIilIA H3r 6onox Hb TOAOPXOIA 6alAHa.

TYYHIllIA TylAnblH sopanro Hb 5HMAY-blr 3C5HXY-A Aaraap opyynax 6yc, HIilIAT MOHron4YYAblr H3rTr3>K "lIIx MOHron" 6ylOy "HapMalA Moaron" ync 6alAryynaxaA OpWIiI>K 6a1AB. T3rcH33p33 4 T3p633P 3H3XYY YlAn X3prllllAHX33 renee T3M4C33P 343Cn3>K33.

34

i

I

. ~

Xascparrr NQ1 MAH-bIH III III X XYPllblH 3-P XYPAll,QAAH A33P 3.PIIIH4I11Horni71H 6 3vi71m1i71H C3AB33P Xllli7IC3H M3A3rA311

1924 Oflbl8-p capblH 06

Hexen eel TeB XOPOOHbl IIInTr3nA cauan WYYM>KJl3nIilX rapaa r3>K 60AO>K 6alACaH 6111n33. r3T3n rapaxrva 6alAraa Hb xapawcarrraa 6alAHa ..

OAOO HaM 6a ync OpHbl 6alAAan Maw 4yxan 6alAHa. IOYHbl YPbA MaHalA HaM KOMIIIHTepHA 6arTaH OpCOH 6ereeA 3H3 60n XOOCOH H3p 6111W33. KOMIIIHTepHA fiarrax OpCOH flBAan 60n MaHalA ync 6yx A3nXllllAH nponerapaau IIIB33n xararaanann 6arTa>K, s:JMap H3r xyHA 63PX uar roxuonnson A3nXllllAH nporurrapa Hap 6a xyescrans Tapllla4AblH A3M>KIIIH rycnax Hb HalAABapTaIA 6on>K 6alAraa X3p3f MeH 6111n33.

r3B4 Hexen eel 3px onCOH 6onox ryn xvnsex YYP3rT31A 6alAAar.

KOMIIIHTepHA fiarrcaast ynMaac 6111A3HA H3n33A yyp3r OHOrAO>K 6alAHa. 3H3 yyp3r 60n 6111A >KIIIHX3H3 xyescranr HaM 6onox 6ylOy xeAenMep4111H onou TYMHIllIA HaM 6onox yyp3r 10M.

TIilIAM y-rpaac rye IIIX xypan A33p 6111A xeAenMeplillAH xerenfiep, ync TepllllAHXee 60AIlOrblr HaplillAB4naH CalAH X3n3n43>K XflHaH Y33X eCTolA. MIIIHIllIA AYPAa>K 6alAraa aCYYAnblH ryxaji TeB XOPOOHA TOAOPXOIA cauanrva 6alAHa. 3H3 Hb ranaaa AOTOOAblH 6alAAnblH ynMaac TeB XopOO 3H3 3YlAnlillAr X3n3n43H 6onoBcpyynax 3aBryIA 6alACHaaC 60n>K33.

KOMIIIHTepHA 6arTCaH s:JBAnblr 6111A X3PX3H Y33B4 an6aH eCHbl3YlAn 60nHO.

YYH33C raAHa MaHalAA 3H3 AYPAcaH 3YlAnlillAr H3H AapYIA aB4 Y33X X3P3rT31A 60nCOH AOTOOAblH >KIIIHX3H3 a)){lIIn X3prllllAH onoa 3YlAnlillAH caaan 6alAHa. MaHalA HaM earepces rypsau >Kllln xaracua AOTOP TyH IIIX Xer>KIIIH 63X>KIII>K, onoa TYM3HT31A OIAPTO>K, xap wap xapracyynraa T3M4C3H flBAan TyH CaJAH 6on>K, YYHIllIA ynMaac xeAenMep4111H onHbl aHrllllAH yxaracap xer>KlII>K 3X3n>K 6alAHa. 3H36YXHllllAr AyrH3>K, yrra Y4pblr Hb TOAOpXOlAnOH 4aaWAblH a>KJlblH ron 60Anorblr saax Hb 4yxan 60n>K33.

5111 3H3 TyxaIA yrra caaaar "MoHronblH xysecransra IIIP33AYIA 4arlillAH 6alAAan renee" 1 "MoHronblH xyascranua IIIP33AYIA 4arlillAH 6alAAan renee" r3A3r raaaan Tan XYYAacTaIA TOBXIIIMonblr P.3n63rAOp>K 1924 OHA 61114111>K TVYHllllAX33 ron 6 3YlAnlillAr HaMblH III III X xypana x3J13n4yyn3x33p opyynxea/ r3C3H HOMAOO TOAOpXolAnCOH 6ereeA TVYH III IAr 'ra 6YX3HA eHeeAep rapaax ryn rauanuax 6111333 ! 5111 T3p HOMA AYPAcaH 6 3YlAnlillAH xypaaHrylATaIA ra 6yxHllllAr TaHllln4yynafi .

1. MOHron4YYAblH OAOO ryyro« 6alAraa 6alAAan 6ylOy eepeep xanfian

xap wap xaprlllCYYAblH sacraar YHaraa>K, TYYHllllAr apAblH 3PXT sacraap con III X ssnnur Esponua onou ync 3yy rapYIA >KlllnllllAH eMHe Tyyn>K enrep-oa. YYHllllAr

35

raruxvv Opoc, X5lTaA, TYPK, Ilepc 33prl!1~H 3apl!1M YIlC TYYXI!1~HX33 3H3 yel!1~r 15-20 >KI!1IlI!1~H 9MH9 TYYIl>K 9Hr9p433.

2. MAH-bIH 34CI!1~H 30pl!1IlT Hb 3B xaMTblH ec M9H 69r99A HaM xarnrran

X9p9Hr9THI!1~ X9r>KJlI!1~H uiarsrr anracas 3H3 30pl!1nrOA XYP3X33P yparwaa AaBWI!1H 5lB>K 6a~Ha.

HaM 3H3 aopunrur TaBb>K 5lBYYIlax apra 3aMbir OIl>K TOrTOOXAOO 4yxaMxyy 5lMap aHrl!1, XY41!1~r WYT3H TYWI!1rIl3X ryxa~ 3Y~IlI!1~r TaBI!1BaIl 30XI!1HO. 3H3 3Y~IlI!1~r M3pr3H caaaaap T9Il9BIl9>K 4aAax aaaac MaHa~ HaMbIH, I!1P33AY~ uarr MaHAax 3C3X, anuaaa xapruc 3Tr33AI!1~r AI!1~Il3X, vn AI!1~Il3X 5lBAaIl 49M YVH33C YVCH3.

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36

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38

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39

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44

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45

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46

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47

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4)KaH LJ,30-nIt1H, Y nelll-cpy, LJ,a30 KYHb 60noH 6yca,Q raapua TOM )K1t1)Klt1r 333,Q, )KaH)KHYY,Q, T3,Q u,eM XSlTa,Q OpHbl O,QOOrIt1IAH 333,Q 10M, T3,Q u,eM )KaH)KIt1H ,QaH3aHTalil YH3X33P a,Qlt1n 6eree,Q Ta,Q u,eM xynanaaa 3pX3n)K 6alAraa, eepeep xanfian apn TYMH33 TOHOH Men)Klt1)K 6alAHa. T3,Q u,eM eepceunee It1X opnOrOTOIA reraep 3aM, 6aHK, YYPblH T3p3r 33p3r aurar XOH)KOOTOIA H3r,Q3n KOMnaHIt1Y,Qa,Q opuroox 6alllHa.

T3,QHlt11113aXlt1praaHbl 6yx CIt1CTeM 60n X33n xaxyynenax, Tan Hyyp xapax 33p3r '6Y3ap 6ynaIA SlB,Qnyy,Q ,Q33p YH,Q3cn3r,QC3H 6alAHa. XSlTa,QbIH )KaH)KIt1HYY,QbIH TOrTOOCOH ,Q3rn3M )KypaM 60n XSlTa,Q opasrr 6yx3n,Q Hb casaaau soproop 333rH3)K c¥y,Qar xaps ra,Qaa,QbIHXHbl casapr opyynxaa,

Xap3B ra 6YX3H ,QaH3aHblr aeraean MOHron OpOH XSlTa,QbIH XOIAHOOC OpHO r3C3H yr. T3rB3n 61t1,Q 61t1e 61t1eHIt1111X33 uycsrr ypcrax 60nHo. Y'-IIt1P Hb apn TYMHIt1IA )KIt1HX3H3 xeBryy,Q, )KIt1HX3H3 xyascran-ran ,QaH3aHbl ec ,Q3rn3MT3111 X3333 '-I 3Bn3p3xrylA ... T3,Q apx '-Ienee, ap,QblH spxlt1l11r saacsr 6aplt1HXaMraanax 60nHo. XSPSB s,Qr3Sp xYBbcran41t1,Q ,QaH3aHblr XaB41t1X 10M 6011 ,QaH3aH ,Qopoo n eeplt1l11H XSlTa,Q HalA3 aapaac rycnaM)K apex 60nHo.

Y41!1P Hb XSlTa,QbIH xapracyynaac 61t1,QSH,Q MOHron4YY,Q xoperrva, TS,QHL11A rasap HyTar, fiaanar Hb XSPSrTSIA rS)K L14ryyp COH)KyyprylA xanx 6alAHa. OIt1,QxSlTa,QbIH 3aMaap OP)K, eepree vxsn xaax 10M rS)K yy? YrylA. Hexen MVlHb, T3rHSTS>K 6L1 cauaxrva 6alAHa!

01t1 MOHronblH apn TYMHIt1IA YlAn xapar acap IIIX aioynn OpOO,Q 6alAHa rS,Qrllllllr Slpb)K 6alllHa. T3Tsn HaMallir SBn3nlt1IAH rlllwyyH Jlyscaur rypxapas YlAMS3H raprax ranaa' 1"3)K LJ,3P3H,QOP)K00C Ta HapblH eMHs6YPYYTrax r3)K 6alAHa.

48

MaHalll IIIX xypan ,QS3P naM HapblH ryxalA x3prlllClir xsnsnu,yyn3xllllllr ,Q3M)KIt1)K erne yy rS)K Ha,Q Jlyscaa XYCCSH Hb YHsHVllllr 6111 xynS3)K 6alllHa. naM HapblH XSprllllAr xananuexaar ,QaH3aH annsaep 3CSpryyU,H3 rS,Qrllllilr 61t1 M3,Q33,Q xasrrapcau eprenen raprax XSP3rTSill rS)K nYBcaH,Q X3nCSH Hb YH3H 6111ns3.

- T3rs3,Q ,QaH3aH eceprvvusen T3p xynralll4, ypsar-t 60nox y-rpaac ryyHlt1l11r HOMronO)K 60nHo r3)K 61t1 nYBcaH,Q X3nC3H fiereen 6ac xasap Hlt1l11cmn XYP33HIIIIII yYPYY,QVlIAH reneener-taen IIIHr3)K X3nCSH, O,QOO 4 3H3 yr33 ra 6YXSH,Q X3n)K 6alllHa. Jlara HapblH ryxalll xananusx 6alAraarlt1111H y'-lVlp 60n naM HapblH ,QOTPOOC caMYyH, XOB,Qor WYHaXalA 3Tr33,Qlt1lAr uasepnax sopartroroji ora.

Dill VlCliM aCYY,Qan TaBIt1X spxrylA 10M r3)K yy? ... OIt1,QHIt1C1i aCYY,Qan raeaxur X3,Q1ll1A ye3c 3X3n)K, IIIHrS)K YIAMSSH caMYyH r3)K Y3,Q3r 60nCOH 6111n33.Xynra1A4 nYIABap4111,Q IIIn4111nCSH XYHlt1lAr ans veec 3xn3H It1Hr3)K TeplillAH r3MT X3p3rT3H rS)K X3n3X Hb ,QyryyrylA 6alll,Qar 60nnoo.

Hexen eel X3H Hb 3eB, X3H Hb 6ypyy 60noxblr ra Hap eepCHee ryaraarrya! Dill xanx 61t1w, 6yplt1a,Q XyH y'-Ipaac n HaMalAr 6YPYYTrax xyH rapv 60nox 10M. 6111 xanx 6111w 4 r3C3H MOHron XyH Hb YH3H, xapau apn TYMHIllIA ,QaClicaH n III HrS)K snraaapnax Y3,QsrllllAr casarryu.

OVI eeplt1lAH casacaa 60,QCOH 3YlllnllllArra uapr rynraxrva, Ta Hap HaMalAr 6ypyyna)K 60nHo. rSB'-I 3H3 Hb Ha,Q rylAnblH IIIX a3ryIA SlB,Qan 60nox 10M, saraan rossn rsraan xap Hb uaraauaa, 6ypyy Hb 3eBee ,QVlClin)K ra 6111,QHVlIII yycr3c3H aryy IIIX YlAn xapsrfianpax uar It1pH3 rSC3H yr. V1Hr3B3n Ha,Q aMb,Q SlBaXblH xspar anra.

XaplIIH 61t1 60n xyascranv XyH. Xysecranv XyH SlMap4 xoxapon Y3CSH, Sla)K 4 ,Qlllllln,QC3H aClix ecrylli. G,QOO uarr OpOH 6YXHIIIIII XYBbcran4,QblH XIilIAX axan xasraaprva It1X 6alllHa. Dill KOMIt1HTepH,Q axannaxaa 6snSH 6alAHa.oVl XSlTa,QbIH S3spX3r xaprlllcYY,QblH ,Qapnanaac ... MOHron OMOrTHblr -reneenex YlAn XSprllllAr XSlTa,QbIH xYBbcran4111,QTaCli xaarpau 6YTSSXllllAH ryn,Q T3,Q3HTSIII xonfioo TOrTOOXOOP XSlTa,Qa,Q asaxan 63nsH 6alAHa.

Ta 6111,QHIIICIi soper ,QaH3aH ,Qan,QYYP xeHeex XOpT xapsr CS,QS)K 6alAraa Hb urrr 6alAHa. lOy 4 60nooryIA r3C3H 4 ,QaH3aH sax rS)K u,sprlt1l11H rasap 04COHbir ra 6yr,Q COHCCOH 6V13 ,QSS? ,QaH3aH 60n xynralA4 ypsarv, ,QaH3aH 3aCrllllAH SpXSH,Q 6aCliraa uarr MaHalA ync XS3SS 4 aMap TalA BaH 6alAxryill Hb It1m6alllHa.

Tersxnasp 3H3 xynralll4111IAr ycrrax X3PSrT3111. 8px 4eneEHSIA 6alAx 4 eCTOIA, 6alllXblr 4 xyCS)K 6alllraa MOHronblH xe,QenMep'-lIllH apn TYMSH 6alllraar 6yx xaprucyyn, xap 3yrlllCliH 6yx Xy4I11H,Q HOTnOH Y3yynSrTYH! IYplila uyypaaryynaa HIt1)KlllrH3TSn anra TaWIt1BI

8n6sr,Q0)K: Hexen eel ,QaH3aH SlMap 3TrSS,Q 60noxblr xapyynx erex eep uor 6aplt1MT xsnSX33 6111 MapT)K3s. CyynllllAH ye,Q xSlTa,QblH 3pX 6aplt1r4,Qaac LJ,3P3H,QOP)KIllIAH 33p3r XyMyyCT MOHronblr XSlTa,QTalA HSrTrSX

49

xananuas xl.1£1e rSCSH cauanur HSnSS,Q OnOH yaaa TaBI.1X 6onnoo. III~M cauanur I.1nspxl.1£1 TaBI.1X 6oncoH 6eree,Q WSPSH,Qop>KI.1£1H saper MaHa£16yca,Q XyMyyC I.1£1M cauanur xynssH asaaruaa TeB Xopoo, 3acrl.1£1H Fasapr ,QOp Hb MS,QSSn>K 6a£1,Qar 6l.1nss.

"Yynsax 6onaoo TOrTOOX XyH I.1nrSSHS yy" rSCSH HYY4 3aXI.1,Qnblr xsna,QblH xyypa£1 3aMblH 4Sprl.1£1H ,Qs,Q >KaH>KI.1HaaC AaH3aH caaxau ascaa 6a£1Ha. 51.1 yYHI.1£1r TarHyynblH MS,QSSHSSC MS,QSB. AaH3aH SHS Xs:lTa,[(3ax~,Qnaa eepl.1£1H TYHW Ilanaa-xo nyycl.1£1H Hsr an6aH xaar-raap OP4YYJ1yyri>KYHwaa,Q 15 XOHor waxaM 6omoll SHS 3aXI.1,Qnb1H ryxa£1 XSH,Q 4xsnC3Hry£1.

3HS 3aXI.1,QnbIH ryxaa ,Qyyn>K COHCOB yy? rS>K 61.1 e4l.1r,Qep WSPSH,QOP>KOOC acyyxaa WSPSH,QOP>K yry£1 rSB. Xapl.1H eHee ernee epeHxl.1£1 ca£1,QI:lIH 61.14rl.1£1H WI.1PSSH ,Qssp TSP 3aXI.1,Qan 6a£1xblr Y3SS,Q 61.1 ryH I.1X raaxas. YVH,Q HSH 4 CS>Kl.1msms£1 6a£1Ha. 71araa,Q rssan yr 3aXI.1,Qan HYY4aap I.1pCSH 6eree,Q "Yyn3ax 60n300 TOrTOOX XyH I.1nrSSHS yy" rS>K rauuxas AaH3aH,Q xenceu 6a£1Ha.

AaH3aH TSP 3aXI.1,Qnb1H aryynrur MS,QS>K a saan TI.1 £1 HXyy yzrran xaaranx 6a£1caH 6eree,Q I.1£1M 3aXI.1,QaIl AaH3aH,Q 6a£1raa Hb I.1J1SPXI.1£1H xaar wyy,Q 3acrl.1£1 H ra3ap xvprvvncaa 6a£1Ha."88 rS>KSs.

Xascparrr N24 ll,AH3AH HAPblH XYBbCrAnblH 3CP3r X3PrLln1lr IIIJlPVYJl>K TACAJlCAH TYCrA~ KOMIIICCblH TOrrOOJl

1924 OHbl 8-p capblH 30

Harnvraop: AaH3aH 60n 3acrl.1£1H raspaac sapnas ryuiaax, ,Qara>K wl.1£1TryyncsH xsprl.1£1r 3ep41.1>K, AYH,QaT IIIprsH YncblH xapssar Aa-WI.1HKyrl.1£1H nyycl.1£1H sapar Il.1prs4yy,QI.1£1H xyY41.1H epl.1£1r onou apnyyaaac 30pl.1MroOp ryuiaau renvvrtcsu, MeH ra,Qaa,QbIH wYHaxa£1 xY,Qan,QaaHbll.1prs,Q nvraa xy£1Ban,QaH, TYMSH ap.Qblr Men>KI.1H WI.1MCSH.

5acxyy I.1prs4YV,QI.1I1lH XYY41.1H epl.1l1lr renvvnsxaa ercea IOMblH YHl.1l1lr TyxalllH 4arl.111lH YHSSC XSTSPXI.1I11 XOMCOOP ervvncaa, XYBI.1I1lH xarsraanax 61.141.1rrylll 6yy aascar HI.1.fl3s,Ql.1l1lr eepee 6yc,Qblr rSH,Qyy.fl3X YHSM.fl3X 61.141.1r 30XlAOH er-r, ra,Qaa,QbIH xY,Qan,QaaHbl I.1prs4VY,Qs,Q onrox asyyncaa.

HSH anaarysa X5ITa,QbIH xapruc ,QalllcHbl TarHyyn4111H STrss,Q nvrss CSM cyn6ssnsH xopuiooro«, Hl.1l1lcnsJl Xvpsa, )l(aH4XYY xoep XOTblH XOOpOH,Q saax, 30p41.1X yYPblH raper 6YY,Qannax ,Q1iI5IH 6alllryynax 6a ranaaa yncblH xap'ssar nyyc uapraa xYIllBan,Qa>K MOHron raspaa KanlilTanblH axnsu ,Qsnrspyynsx 6a MeH MOHronblH XOpWqOHbl 51B,Qnblr 6oor,Qyynax sspreap 3Ylllr TSPC.fl3H 51BaXbIH saacapr MeHEl(3 n 8MI.1Hbi awrl.1l1lr aruaa aacau 6a X5ITa,QbIH 4sprlil£1H raprvvner-rsec rycraanau IiI.flrSSCSH 3axliI,Qnblr wyy,Q ,Qap>K, >K1.14 oponncou an6aHbi ryuiaanaac MsxnSH -renee Sp>K CSMXSHSS onoxur uiynyynaa 6alllcaH Hb raruxvv xspar 6Y,Qnl.1aH rapax ca4YY yyn 3aXI.1,Qan 61.14rll1£1r rSHST 3aCrl.111lH raspaa I.1pyynCSH.

50

5ac YYHII1Vi YPb,Q yncaac ypaarcnua ,QOTOP HSP oponuos 51 scaa XSprll1l1lH cai/\,Q naM>KaB nyraa ync repn xapurraa svansop xapunuas HYY4 3eBnen,Q9>K sscaa.

YHSH wY,Qpara >KypaM 'raaraparr 3anyy4yy,QblH rll1wYY,Ql.1l1lr I.1X 4SPSrT xa-maa xanceu sapsr xapsr 49M r3p4 6a CS>Kl.1rTSIll 611141.1r 3aXII1,Qan, s,Q IOMHaac HYY4aap HfirmaH acyycas, onx MS,QCSHSSP HsrSHT Mara,QnaH II1npSH rapcau 6onox fiereen SHSXYY AaH3aH fion MaHalll MOHron yncblH 3aCrl.111lH ra3pblH >KII1HXSHS opnorv call1,Q 6a 6yx 4Sprll1£1H >KaH>KI.1H 6eree,Q AP,QbIH HaMblH TeB XOPOOHbl Tspryynsr4 rl.1wYYHI.1£13spsr ,QaBxap ryuiaanur xyn3S>K Xl.1wrl.1l1lr XYPTCSSP araan, xapuu II1I1lHXYY xapssar yncan 3Yllln 3Ylllnssp TYlllnblH XyH,Q xopnon xvprsx rspcnvvrsep saaxsrr spMsn3SH oponaox 6alllcaH Hb sn,QSBn3B4 yY41.1n6aac yn 6onox rylllnblH XOpT, >Kl.1rwyypT MyY apn nasraaaa MeH 6onox ryn SHS XSprl.1l1lH AaH3aHr rspcnvvrssp 5lBCaH XyH,Q 3ylllnl.111lr ,Qara>K, yycrscsH xsprlillllH ecoop ,QapYIll 6YY,QaH, uaasaap asaa-cyraa.

TYYHI.1I11 XepeHrll1l1lH ,QOTpOOC yyn SM, xeBryy,QII1£1H sesxeu cyyx xawaa 6a£1wl.1H 6acxyy 61.1eCI.111lH s,Qnsn, s,Q 6apaa, Man 3Sprl.111lr xypaaxur xapercaxrva fonrox, TS,QSH,Q xyss 6onro>K onryynau 6yca,Q xawaa 6alllwl.1H, yYPblH rapar, 6yy saacar, arrr MeHrl.1l1lr yncblH caH,Q xypaanracyraa.v

IAaH3aH,Q xonoornox aaarrrur asas/

51

3.P~H4~HOr~lI1H XYPAII,Q TABbCAH M3,Q33fl3fl. ~flTr3fl

- MOHronA HYYA3nn3H ~pC3H 6yp~aA HapbtH Teneener4A~~H xypan, 1922 OH "3Ayr33 4ar~~H 6a~AnblH ryxaa" M3A33mn

- MeH xypan, 1922 OH "Moaron rasap 6yx~~ 6yp~aA Hapblr ~aX~H roxuayynax ryxaa" M3A33n3n

- MAH-bIH III ~x xypan, 1924 OH "Onoa yncblH xoopoansia 6a MOHron yncblH ranaaa 6a~AnblH ryxaa" urrrran

- MeH xypan, 1924 OH "MoHronblH xyaecranuu ~p3aAY~ 4ar~~H TenSB 6a~Aan" 16 3y~m c3AaBI MaAarAan

- MeH xypan, 1924 OH "C.AaH3aHr~~H anaaa, aasxparrraa xonfiornyynaa x~~caH 8 3y~nT MaAaan3n"

- 5HMAY -blH asxnyraap ~x xypan, 1924 OH "W3pr~~H 38Bnen~~H rajinau"

TAlI1flSAP

1. s:lKoB ,QaBMAOBM'"I s:lHCOH 11889-1938/-1920 OHbl 3-6-p capa 3pxyy ry6epH~~H iY~4aTrax XOPOOHbl Aapra, 1920-1921 OHA iaAaaA X3pr~~H ApAblH KOM~ccapaTblH AOPHOAblH xamc~~H apxners, 1921-1922 OHA AA5HY -blH iaAaaA flaMHbl ca~A, OKl5/H-bIH TeB XOPOOHbl Anc AOPHOAblH TOB400Hbi r~wyyHaap axunnax 6a~}f{3a. RA.RHCOH xecsr xyrauaaun 30YblH iaAaaA Xapr~~H APAblH KOM~ccapaTblH C~6~Pb 6a MOHronblr xapayucan 6ypaH apxr reneenerv 6a~B.

2. fl.M.KapaxHH-30Y-bIH iaAaaA Xapr~~H ApA~~H KOMIIIHccapaTblH opnor-i 6a~}f{aa.

3. Cl>YTIlKM XHpowH-RnoH yncblH TOK~or~~H ranaaa cynnanua ~x cypryynlll~H nporpeccop, MOHron4 apA3MTaH

4. ,QHnaB xyrarr SJKaMCpaH>KaB-MoHronbIH rep, waWHbl TOMOOXOH avrranraa 6a~B. 3Ha xyH ync Tep~~H urarrrraaaaap 1930-aaA OHbl yeA uaraa-inaa rap-t Xsran, TYBA33P AaM}f{IIIH AMep~KaA 04~}f{, CYYPbW~H aMbAap4 6a~raaA T3HA33 1960-aaA OHbl yeA raanan rercceu 6a~Ha.

W3B33H )f{aMcapaHoBblH TOMbeonnoop aB4 Y3B3n, naM 3PA3MT3H r3}f{ 3y~ ecocp YH3n3rA3x aH3 XyH 6Bep MOHronblH ync Tep~~H 3YTr3nT3H A3M4~rHopOB fA3 BaH/, iOM~HAaHbl 4aH-Ka~-W~, TYBA~~H nanaa naM HapblH sesrtexeep a}f{~nna}f{ 6a~raaA ynMaap AMeplIIKaA 04COHblXOO Aapaa HblO-)f{epc My}f{ yncr 6YAAblH waWHbl CyM cauaa-mau 6a~ryyn}f{ Mepren~~H axnar oxnvvnau axannyyru« 6a~cHaac ranaa ~X, A33A cypryynaynaa ypanraap nexu yHW~}f{ 6a~}f{33.

5. SOPHC 3axapoBM'"I WYMSII.",KH~ 11886-1943/-1920 OHOOC OKl5/HblH TeB XOPOOHbl Anc AOPHOAblH TOB400Hbi r~wyyH, AA5HY-bIH ca~A HapblH 3eBnenlll~H Aapra, 1921-1922 OHA iaAaaA X3pr~~H APAblH KOM~ccapaTblH C~6~Pb 6a MOHronblr xapuyucaa 6yp3H 3pXT reneeners, KOM~HTepH~~ Anc

52

AOPHOAblH Hap~~H 6~4r~~H Aapra HapblH raspus apxnar-rasp a}f{~nna}f{ 6a~}f{33.

6. ,QeMKo ~BaH rpHrOPbeBH'"I-iI1pr3H~~ Aa~HA ~A3BXT3~ oponuox 6a~raaA 1921 OHbl xaaap APAblH Typ 3acrlll~H ia3pblH ypanraap MOHronA ~p}f{, 43pr~~H AOTOP 30X~OX ync TeplII~H a}f{~nA rycnanuaa a}f{~nna}f{ 6a~}f{33. 19966 OHA iI1T.AeMKo apAblH xyaecranuu napTIII3aH 60n}f{33.

7. OrnaeB.IO.-W3pr~~H raspua cyprarxaap axannax 6a~}f{33.

8. MaTpoH/CopoKHH/,QaBHA ~OCHcI>OBM'"I-1922 Ol:lbl 5-11-p capn APAblH 3acr~~H ia3pblH ypunraap ~p}f{ W~H3 ryraa 6a~ryynarAa>K 6a~caH Iloroonur xararaanax rasapr cyprar-iaap axannascse.

9. 113p3H-O'"lHPbIH ,QaM6aAOp>K/1899-1934/- Xysscranuu snarrrsra Aapaa 1921-1938 OHA HTX-H bl cyprnua x3nTc~~H apxnerxsap a>K~nna>K 6a~B.

1 o. K~rX-KoMIIIHTepH~~ iY~43Tr3x Xopoo

11. 4H'"IepMH reoprH~ BacHnbe~H'"I-3eBnenT MOHronblH apn ryMH~~ Ha~paMAnblH 3X cyyp~~r rasaxan ~A3BXT3~ oponucou XYH~~ H3r 6a~B.

Tyxa~H yeA 30Y-b1H iaAaaA X3pr~~H ApAblH KOM~ccapaap /onooroop iaAaaA X3pr~~H ca~Aaap/a>K~nna>K 6a~>K33.

12. BacHnbeB AneKceM,HHKOnaeBM'"I- T3p633p 1899 OHOOC xyascrarrr xenenreean oponuox, 1904 OHA OACAH-bIH r~wyyHA 3nCC3H 6ereeA OKTfl6p~~H xysecranaac XO~W MocKBar~~H 43pr~~H roapor, xyyn~~H 6a~ryynnara, 3e8nenT TYPKecTaHbl Wyyx flaMHbl caaaaap a>K~nna>K 6a~>K33. 1924-1925 OHA 3C5HXY -blH 6yp3H 3pX3T reneenerxeep a>Klllnna>K 6a~B.

13. HaBaaHAOp>KHMH HacaH6aT 11899-1934/-ApAbIH 43p3r AOTooAbir XaMraanaxra3apT KOM~ccap, raspsra Aapra 33p3r axan XIII~>K 6a~>K33. 14. TYH-XO-xo-533>K~Hr33C MOHronA ~p>K xynanaaa X~~>K 6a~caH XflTaAblH )f{~nA cas uiaxan AonnapblH ry~nr33 x~~A3r xynanaaa-aeare xyyn3r4 nyyc.

15. ,QanaM-xo-XflTaAbIH xynanaaa T3aBp~~H nyyc 10M. T3PXYY nyycT3~ 6apYYHTaH AaH3aH 1922-1924 oHYYAaA xonfioo TOnOO>K H~~cmn XYP33- Xaanraa xoepsu- XOOPOHA aeroaauraaaap T33B3p XIII~>K aurar XOH}f{OO orrx 6a~cHblr HaMblH III ~x xypnera MaTep~anA T3MA3rfl3>K33.

16. ,Qa-wHH-KY-XflTaAbIH xYAanAaa-MeHre xyyn3r4 TOMOOXOH nyyclII~H H3r 6ereeA T3PXYY nyyc Ap MOHronA >K~n 6yp AYHA>Kaap cas AonnapblH ry~nr33 X~~>K, MOHronblH xeAenMep4A~~r Men>K~>K 6a~>K33. 1912 OHA 3H3 nyyc 30 cas nonnapus YHAC3H xepeureroa 6a~B

I

53

ax CYPBAJl>K

1. 3SBnSJlTL1~H aH,Q HSXS,Q )J..Cyx6aaTapbIH ryxaa, 3MXTr3C3H )J..)J.aw.

Ynaaatiaarap xor, 1980 OH: T-184

2. TYYXL1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32. penexrop AO'1L1p. Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-174

3. HeL13BeCTHble CTpaHI!14bl I!1CTOPL11!1 5YPSHL11A 1 L13 apXL1BOB KrB 1 YnauY,Q3 1991 OH: T-37

4. MSH HOM :. T-38 .

5. MOHron YncblH TyyX,V 60Tb. penaxrop )K.50n,Q6aaTap, M.CaH>K,Qop>K, 5. WL1P3H,Q3B, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 2003 OH: T-1 08

6. TYYXL1IAH cyanan , 60Tb 32. penaxrop AO'1L1p Ynaasfiaarap XOT, 2000

OH: T-175 .

7. )J..)J.aw, COnL1~H )J.aH3aH Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T- 24

8. "l,.1n TOB400" COHI!1H Ynaasfiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ 33/2561

9. TYYXL1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32. peaaxrop A04L1P, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 2000

OH: T-175

10. "l,.1n TOB400" COHL1H Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ 33/2561

11. MSH COHL1H Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ 33/2561

12. C.5aTTorTOx HYY4 xYIABan,QaaHaac syranaa aasxpann, Ynaastiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-56

13. MAXH-bIH TVYX3H TOB'100H, Ynaaabaarap XOT, 2001 OH: T-26

14. 5HMAY-bIH aHX,Qyraap L1X xypa:n 1,Q3nr3p3HrylA Ta~naHI 3MXTr3C3H )J..)J.aw Ynaaatiaarap XOT, 1984 OH: T-335

15. AP,QbIH >l<YpaMT 43prL1~H TVYX3H snarrr, 16apl!1MTblH 3MxTr3n/1920-1924 3MX3Tr3C3H 5.5amKL1prapaM, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1980 OH: T-304

16. TYYXL1IAH cynnan, 60Tb 32. penaxrop AO'1L1p Ynaaaoaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-177

17. 5HMAY-bIH asxnyraap I!1X xypan 1,Q3nr3p3Hry~ TalAnaHI 3MXTr3CqH )J..)J.aw Ynaaabaarap XOT, 1984 OH: T-1 03

18. "l,.1n TOB400" COHL1H Ynaaabaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ 33/2561

19. TYYXL1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32. peaaxrop A04L1P Ynaaatiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-179

20. )J..)J.aM,QL1H>KaB,MoHronbIH 6ypl!1a,Q 30H, Ynaauoaarap XOT, 2002 OH: Tss

21. AP,QbIH >KypaMT 43prL1~H TVYX3H snarrr. 16apl!1MTblH 3MXTr3nl , 1920- 1924 OH, 3MXTr3C3H 5.5an>KL1prapaM, Ynaaatiaarap xor, 19800H T-304

22. MOHron yncblH TVYx, V 60Tb, pe,QaKTop)K.50n,Q6aaTap, M.CaH>K,QOp>K, 5.WL1P3H,Q3B. Ynaaufiaarap xor, 20030H: T-152

23. TYYXL1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32. penaxrop A04L1P, YnaaH6aaTap XOT, 2000 OH: T-177

24. )J.L1naB xyrarr 5.)KaMcpaH>KaB. Ap MOHronblH ync TSPI!1IAH ,QypTran, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-43

25. C.5aTTorTOx. HYY4 xYIABan,QaaHaac uyranaa saaxpann. Ynaautiaarap XOT, 1991: T-86

54

26. "l,.1n TOB'100" COHL1H, Yrtaaufiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ33 12561

27. T.)J.y~HX3p>KaB. TaMblH TOroOH,Q TaBaH >Kl!1n, Ynaaafiaarap xOT,1991

OH: T-45

28. "l,.1n TOB'100" COHI!1H, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ33 12561

29. n.5aT04L1p. 50,Q00ca~,Q, YnaaH6aaTapxoT, 19910H: T-47

30. Il.Ilaui. COnl!1~H ,lJ.aH3aH, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-34

31. TYYXI!1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32, penaxrop A04I!1P, Ynaaufiaarap xOT,2000 OH: T-175

32. C.1,.14I!1HH0pOB. TYYXI!1~H YH3HI!1IA MSpSSp, Yrtaaaoaarap xOT,2000 OH: T-

164

33. MSH HOM T-129

34. MSH HOM T-132

35. )J..)J.aw. COnl!1~H )J.aH3aH, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-35

36. Jl. 5aT0'1L1p. 50,Q00 ca~,Q, Y naasfiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T -23

37. Il.Ilaur, COnl!1~H )J.aH3aH, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-20

38. n.5aT04I!1p. 50,Q00calA,Q, Ynaantiaarap xor, 1991 OH: T-42

39. "l,.1n TOB'100" COHI!1H, Ynaasfiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ33 12561

40. n.5aT04I!1p. 50,Q00 caan, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-52

41. )J..)J.aw. COnL1IAH )J.aH3aH, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-35

42. n.5aT04I!1p. 50,Q00 ca~,Q, Ynaanfiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-48

43. MSH HOM T-31

44. MSH HOM T-32

45. 3SBnSnTL1~H aH,Q HSXS,Q Il.Cvxtiaarapua ryxaa, 3MXTr3C3H )J..)J.aw, vnaaoaarap XOT, 1980 OH: T-65

46. n.5aT0'1l!1p. 50,Q00 ca~,Q, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-36

47. 3SBnSmL1IAH aH,Q HSXS,Q )J..Cyx6aaTapbIH ryxaa, 3MXTr3C3H )J..)J.aw,

Ynaafiaarap XOT, 1980 OH: T-14

48. I,.1HTepHa41!10Han4 ,QaamaBapTaH. Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1977 OH: T-61

49. )J..)J.aw. COnl!1lAH )J.aH3aH, Ynaasfiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-36

50. "l,.1n TOB'100" COHI!1H, Ynaaatiaarap XOT, 1996 OH: Ng4/1881

51. 3SBnSnTL1IAH aH,Q HSXS,Q )J.. Cyx6aaTapblH ryxaji, 3MXTr3C3H )J..)J.aw,

Ynaafiaarap XOT, 1980 OH: T-90

52. )J..)J.aw. COnl!1~H )J.aH3aH, Ynaaacaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-36

53. n.5aT04I!1p. 50,Q00 caan, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1991 OH: T-50

54. C.5aTTOrTOx. HYY4 xYIABan,QaaHaac uyranaa aasxpann, Ynaa6aaTap XOT, 2000 OH: T-178

55. TYYXI!1IAH cynnan, 60Tb 32, penaxrop A04I!1P, Ynaaatiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-178

56. C.5aTTOrTOx. HYY4 xYIABan,QaaHaac ayranaa sasxpann, Ynaatiaarap

XOT, 2000 OH: T-94 I

57. "l,.1n TOB'100" COHI!1H, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1990 OH XI capblH 14. LI.Ll3p3H

58. "l,.1n TOB400" COHI!1H, Ynaaabaarap XOT, 1998 OH: NQ26-27 1298-2991

59. Tyyxl!1ViH cynnan, 60Tb 32, penakrop A.04I!1P, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-179

60. )J..)J.aw. COnL1IAH )J.aH3aH, Ynaauoaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-25

55

61. MOHron yncblH TVYx, V 60Tb, peaaxrop }f(.50nA6aaTap, M.CaH>KAOP>K,

5.WII1P3HA3B. Ynaaatiaarap XOT, 2003 OH: T-179

62. M9H HOM T-147

63. A.Aaw. COnll1~H AaH3aH, Ynaaabaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-38

64. Ep9HXII1~ ca~A 5.1_\3p3HAOP>K 16apll1MT 6lAyrll1~H 3MXTr3n I, YnaaH6aaTap XOT. 2000 OH: T-529

65. Moaron YnCblH ryyx, V 60Tb, penaxrop }f(.50nA6aaTap,.M.CaH>KAOP>K,

5.WII1P3HA3B. Yrtaaatiaarap XOT, 2003 OH: T-147

66. A.Aaw. COnll1~H AaH3aH, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-34

67. M9H HOM T-37

68. APAblH >KypaMT 43prll1~H Tyyx3H anarrr. 1 6apll1MTblH 3MXTr3nl , 1920-

1924 OH, 3MXTr3C3H 5.5an>KlI1prapaM, Ynaaabaarap XOT, 1980 OH T-67

69. A.Aaw. Comll~H AaH3aH, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: T-42

70. M9H HOM T-40

71. M9H HOM T-37

72. TYYXII1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32, penaxrop AOYlI1p, Ynaaufiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-177

73. "Vln TOBYOO" COHII1H, Ynaasfiaarap XOT, 1997 OH: NQ33/2561

74. MAXH-bIH TVYX3H TOBYOOH, ep9HXII1~ penaxrop A.AawAaBa8, Ynaaabaarap XOT 2001 OH: T-46

75. TYYXII1~H cynnan, 60Tb 32,peAaKTop A 0"1 111 p, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 2000 OH: T-181

76. 5HMAY-bIH auxnyraap II1X xypan IA3.nr3p3Hry~ Ta~naHI 3MXTr3C3H A.Aaw Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1984 OH: T-319

77. TYYXII1~HcYAnan, 60Tb 32, penaxrop A 0"1 111 p, YnaaH6aaTap XOT, 2000 0H: T-181

78. "Vln TOBYOO" COHII1H, Ynaaafiaarap XOT, 1990 OH: NQ7 1181

79. MAXH-bIH TYYX3H TOBYOOH, ep9HXII1~ penaxrop A.AawAaBaa, Ynaaabaarap XOT 2001 OH: T-57

80. 39Bn9mll1~H aHA H9X9A A.Cyx6aaTapblH Tyxa~, 3MXTr3C3H A.Aaw, Ynaafiaarap . xor, 1980 OH: T-208

81. Ep9HXIII~ ca~A 5.1_\3P3HAop>K/6apIl1MT 6I11YrJ,1~H 3MXTr3n/, Ynaufiaarap XOT. 20000H: T-292

82. APAblH >KypaMT 43prll1~H ryyX3H anarrr. 16apIIIMTblH 3MxTr3nl , 1920- 1924 OH, 31\11XTr3C3H 5. 5an>KlI1prapaM, Ynaauoaarap XOT, 1980 OH T -304

83. M9H HOM T -25

84. MAXH-bIH TyyX3H TOBYOOHi epeHXII1~ peaaxrop A.AawAaBaa, Ynaaaoaarap XOT 2001 OH: T-72

85. M9H HOM T-152

86. MAH-bIH III II1X xypan 1 A3.nr3P3Hry~ T3MA3rmn I, Ynaafiaarap XOT,

1966 OH: T-144-149

87. M9H HOM T-163

88. M9H HOM T-164-173

89. M9H HOM T-174

56