SENSOR NETWORK SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL GAS

LEAK DETECTION, MONITORING AND CONTROLLING

A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

A.V.D. KISHORE (1210412404)

D. MAHESH KUMAR (1210412415)
K. SACHIN KUMAR (1210412431)
P. SHARUKH KHAN (1210412450)
Under the Guidance Of

Mr. J. DURGA RAO

Assistant Professor, Department of ECE
GITAM University

DEPARTMENT ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed to be University u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
VISAKHAPATNAM- 530045
2012-2016

DEPARTMENT ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed to be University u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)

VISAKHAPATNAM- 530045

DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that the Project work presented in this report SENSOR
NETWORK
SYSTEM
FOR
RESIDENTIAL GAS
LEAK
DETECTION, MONITORING AND CONTROLLING submitted by us
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of engineering
is an authenticated record of our original work carried out during 4 th year 1st
semester.
Roll No

Name

1210412404

A.V.D Kishore

1210412415

D. Mahesh Kumar

1210412450

P. Sharukh Khan

1210412431

K. Sachin Kumar

Signature

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed to be University u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)

VISAKHAPATNAM- 530045

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work entitled SENSOR NETWORK

SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL GAS LEAK DETECTION,
MONITORING AND CONTROLLING is a bonafide work done by and
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
during academic year 2015-16

Project Guide

Head of the Department

Mr. J. Durga Rao

Assistant Professor
Department of ECE
GIT, GITAM University

Dr. V. Malleswara Rao

Professor & Head
Department of ECE
GIT, GITAM University

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express a deepest whole hearted gratitude to our project guide

Mr. J. Durga Rao, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, for his
continuous encouragement, valuable supervision, and timely suggestions in
bringing this project to a successful completion.
We thank Mr. A. Ch. Sudheer, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,
our Academic Monitoring Committee Chairperson and our project
coordinator for his guidance and invaluable advice for the entire duration of
the project.
We owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. V. Malleswara Rao, Head of the
Department, Department of ECE for his encouragement and permitting us
to make use of the facilities available in the department to carry out this
project work successfully.
We also extend our profound thanks to the teaching and non-teaching staff of
our department who have supported and helped us throughout the project.

CONTENTS

TITLE

ABSTRACT

PAGE NO

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

1.1 Introduction to Embedded Systems

1.2 Brief History

1.3 Overview of Embedded System Architecture

1.3.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

1.3.2 Memory

1.3.3 Input Devices

1.3.4 Output Devices

1.3.5 Communication Interfaces

1.4 Peripherals

1.5 Processors

1.6 Reliability

CHAPTER 2: LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

2.1 Liquid Crystal Display

10

2.2 L.C.D Screen

12

2.3 L.C.D Basic Commands

12

2.4 L.C.D connection

13

2.5 L.C.D initialization

14

2.6 Contrast Control

16

2.7 Potentiometer

16

CHAPTER 3: MICROCONTROLLERS
3.1 Features

19

3.2 Overview

21

3.3 Block Diagram

22

CHAPTER 5: GLOBAL SYSTEM for MOBILE COMMUNICATION

5.1 Introduction

29

5.2 History

29

5.3 G.S.M Frequencies

30

5.4 G.S.M Standards

32

5.6 T.D.M.A

34

5.6.1 Advantages of T.D.M.A

34

5.6.2 Disadvantages of T.D.M.A

35

5.8 Introduction to AT Commands

38

5.9 General syntax of AT commands

40

5.10 SMS Center

42

CHAPTER 6: GAS SENSOR (MQ2)

6.1 MQ-2 Semiconductor Sensor for Combustible Gas

44

6.2 Characteristics

44

6.3 Applications

44

6.4 Notification

47

CHAPTER 7: SERVO MOTOR

7.1 Servo Motor

51

7.2 PWM technique

54

CHAPTER 8: BUZZER PLATE

8.1 Vibration Detector

57

8.2 Driver Circuit

58

CHAPTER 9: OVERVIEW
9.1 Over of the components
9.2 Arduino platform

CHAPTER 10: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

10.1 Arduino IDE
10.2 Code

CHAPTER 11: RELIABILITY CONCERNS

CHAPTER 12: COST AND SCALABILITY
CHAPTER 13: RESULT
CHAPTER 14: CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15: REFERENCES