Machine Design

CHAPTER 5
MACHINE DESIGN
YEAR 2012
MCQ 5.1
MCQ 5.2
MCQ 5.3
TWO MARKS
A fillet welded joint is subjected to transverse loading F as shown in the

figure. Both legs of the fillets are of 10 mm size and the weld length is
30 mm. If the allowable shear stress of the weld is 94 MPa, considering the
minimum throat area of the weld, the maximum allowable transverse load
in kN is
(A) 14.44
(B) 17.92
(C) 19.93
(D) 22.16
A force of 400 N is applied to the brake drum of 0.5 m diameter in a bandbrake system as shown in the figure, where the wrapping angle is 180c. If the
coefficient of friction between the drum and the band is 0.25, the braking
torque applied, in Nm is
(A) 100.6
(B) 54.4
(C) 22.1
(D) 15.7
A solid circular shaft needs to be designed to transmit a torque of 50 Nm. If

the allowable shear stress of the material is 140 MPa, assuming a factor of
safety of 2, the minimum allowable design diameter is mm is
(A) 8
(B) 16
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MACHINE DESIGN
(C) 24
CHAP 5
(D) 32
YEAR 2011
MCQ 5.4
TWO MARKS
Two identical ball bearings P and Q are operating at loads 30 kN and 45 kN

respectively. The ratio of the life of bearing P to the life of bearing Q is
(B) 27
(A) 81
16
8
(C) 9
4
(D) 3
2
YEAR 2010
MCQ 5.5
A band brake having band-width of 80 mm, drum diameter of 250 mm,

coefficient of friction of 0.25 and angle of wrap of 270 degrees is required to
exert a friction torque of 1000 Nm. The maximum tension (in kN) developed
in the band is
(A) 1.88
(B) 3.56
(C) 6.12
MCQ 5.6
TWO MARKS
(D) 11.56
A bracket (shown in figure) is rigidly mounted on wall using four rivets.

Each rivet is 6 mm in diameter and has an effective length of 12 mm.
Direct shear stress (in MPa) in the most heavily loaded rivet is
(A) 4.4
(B) 8.8
(C) 17.6
MCQ 5.7
(D) 35.2
A lightly loaded full journal bearing has journal diameter of 50 mm, bush
bore of 50.05 mm and bush length of 20 mm. If rotational speed of journal
is 1200 rpm and average viscosity of liquid lubricant is 0.03 Pa s, the power
loss (in W) will be
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 215
(A) 37
(B) 74
(C) 118
(D) 237
YEAR 2009
MCQ 5.8
TWO MARKS
A forged steel link with uniform diameter of 30 mm at the centre is subjected

to an axial force that varies from 40 kN in compression to 160 kN in tension.
The tensile (Su), yield (Sy) and corrected endurance (Se) strengths of the
steel material are 600 MPa, 420 MPa and 240 MPa respectively. The factor
of safety against fatigue endurance as per Soderbergs criterion is
(A) 1.26
(B) 1.37
(C) 1.45
(D) 2.00
Common Data For Q.9 and Q.10

A 20c full depth involute spur pinion of 4 mm module and 21 teeth is to
transmit 15 kW at 960 rpm. Its face width is 25 mm.
MCQ 5.9
The tangential force transmitted (in N) is

(A) 3552
(B) 2611
(C) 1776
MCQ 5.10
(D) 1305
Given that the tooth geometry factor is 0.32 and the combined effect of
dynamic load and allied factors intensifying the stress is 1.5; the minimum
allowable stress (in MPa) for the gear material is
(A) 242.0
(B) 166.5
(C) 121.0
(D) 74.0
YEAR 2008
MCQ 5.11
A journal bearing has a shaft diameter of 40 mm and a length of 40 mm. The

shaft is rotating at 20 rad/s and the viscosity of the lubricant is 20 mPas
. The clearance is 0.020 mm. The loss of torque due to the viscosity of the
lubricant is approximately.
(A) 0.040 Nm
(B) 0.252 Nm
(C) 0.400 Nm
MCQ 5.12
TWO MARKS
(D) 0.652 Nm
A clutch has outer and inner diameters 100 mm and 40 mm respectively.

Assuming a uniform pressure of 2 MPa and coefficient of friction of liner
material is 0.4, the torque carrying capacity of the clutch is
(A) 148 Nm
(B) 196 Nm
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MACHINE DESIGN
(C) 372 Nm
MCQ 5.13
MCQ 5.15
(D) 490 Nm
A spur gear has a module of 3 mm, number of teeth 16, a face width of
36 mm and a pressure angle of 20c. It is transmitting a power of 3 kW at
20 rev/s. Taking a velocity factor of 1.5 and a form factor of 0.3, the stress
in the gear tooth is about.
(A) 32 MPa
(B) 46 MPa
(C) 58 MPa
MCQ 5.14
CHAP 5
(D) 70 MPa
One tooth of a gear having 4 module and 32 teeth is shown in the figure.
Assume that the gear tooth and the corresponding tooth space make
equal intercepts on the pitch circumference. The dimensions a and b,
respectively, are closest to
(A) 6.08 mm, 4 mm
(B) 6.48 mm, 4.2 mm
(C) 6.28 mm, 4.3 mm
(D) 6.28 mm, 4.1 mm
Match the type of gears with their most appropriate description.

Type of gear
P. Helical
Q. Spiral Bevel
C. Hypoid
S. Rack and pinion
Description
1. Axes non parallel and non intersecting
2.
Axes parallel and teeth are inclined to the axis
3.
Axes parallel and teeth are parallel to the axis
4.
Axes are perpendicular and intersecting, and teeth are inclined to the
axis.
5.
Axes are perpendicular and used for large speed reduction
6.
Axes parallel and one of the gears has infinite radius
(A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-6
(B) P-1, Q-4, R-5, S-6
(C) P-2, Q-6, R-4, S-2
(D) P-6, Q-3, R-1, S-5

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 217

A steel bar of 10 # 50 mm is cantilevered with two M 12 bolts (P and Q) to
support a static load of 4 kN as shown in the figure.
MCQ 5.16
The primary and secondary shear loads on bolt P, respectively, are

(A) 2 kN, 20 kN
(B) 20 kN, 2 kN
(C) 20 kN, 0 kN
MCQ 5.17
(D) 0 kN, 20 kN
The resultant shear stress on bolt P is closest to

(A) 132 MPa
(B) 159 MPa
(C) 178 MPa
(D) 195 MPa
YEAR 2007
MCQ 5.18
ONE MARK
A ball bearing operating at a load F has 8000 hours of life. The life of the
bearing, in hours, when the load is doubled to 2F is
(A) 8000
(B) 6000
(C) 4000
(D) 1000
YEAR 2007
MCQ 5.19
A thin spherical pressure vessel of 200 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness

is subjected to an internal pressure varying form 4 to 8 MPa. Assume that
the yield, ultimate and endurance strength of material are 600, 800 and
400 MPa respectively. The factor of safety as per Goodmans relation is
(A) 2.0
(B) 1.6
(C) 1.4
MCQ 5.20
TWO MARKS
(D) 1.2
A natural feed journal bearing of diameter 50 mm and length 50 mm

operating at 20 revolution/ second carries a load of 2 kN. The lubricant used
has a viscosity of 20 mPas. The radial clearance is50 m . The Sommerfeld
number for the bearing is
(A) 0.062
(B) 0.125
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MACHINE DESIGN
(C) 0.250
MCQ 5.21
MCQ 5.22
MCQ 5.23
CHAP 5
(D) 0.785
A bolted joint is shown below. The maximum shear stress, in MPa in the
bolts at A and B , respectively are
(A) 242.6, 42.5
(B) 42.5, 242.6
(C) 42.5, 42.5
(D) 18.75, 343.64
A block-brake shown below has a face width of 300 mm and a mean coefficient of friction of 0.25. For an activating force of 400 N, the braking
torque in Nm is
(A) 30
(B) 40
(C) 45
(D) 60
The piston rod of diameter 20 mm and length 700 mm in a hydraulic cylinder

is subjected to a compressive force of 10 kN due to the internal pressure.
The end conditions for the rod may be assumed as guided at the piston end
and hinged at the other end. The Youngs modulus is 200 GPa. The factor
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 219
of safety for the piston rod is

(A) 0.68
(B) 2.75
(C) 5.62
(D) 11.0

A gear set has a pinion with 20 teeth and a gear with 40 teeth. The pinion
runs at 30 rev/s and transmits a power of 20 kW. The teeth are on the 20c
full-depth system and have a module of 5 mm. The length of the line of
action is 19 mm.
MCQ 5.24
The center distance for the above gear set in mm is

(A) 140
(B) 150
(C) 160
MCQ 5.25
The contact ratio of the contacting tooth is

(A) 1.21
(B) 1.25
(C) 1.29
MCQ 5.26
(D) 170
(D) 1.33
The resultant force on the contacting gear tooth in N is

(A) 77.23
(B) 212.20
(C) 2258.1
(D) 289.43
YEAR 2006
MCQ 5.27
A disc clutch is required to transmit 5 kW at 2000 rpm. The disk has a

friction lining with coefficient of friction equal to 0.25. Bore radius of friction
lining is equal to 25 mm. Assume uniform contact pressure of 1 MPa. The
value of outside radius of the friction lining is
(A) 39.4 mm
(B) 49.5 mm
(C) 97.9 mm
MCQ 5.28
(D) 142.9 mm
Twenty degree full depth involute profiled 19 tooth pinion and 37 tooth gear
are in mesh. If the module is 5 mm, the centre distance between the gear
pair will be
(A) 140 mm
(B) 150 mm
(C) 280 mm
MCQ 5.29
TWO MARKS
(D) 300 mm
A cylindrical shaft is subjected to an alternating stress of 100 MPa. Fatigue

strength to sustain 1000 cycles is 490 MPa. If the corrected endurance
strength is 70 MPa, estimated shaft life will be
(A) 1071 cycles
(B) 15000 cycles
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MACHINE DESIGN
(C) 281914 cycles

MCQ 5.30
CHAP 5
(D) 928643 cycles
A 60 mm long and 6 mm thick fillet weld carries a steady load of 15 kN

along the weld. The shear strength of the weld material is equal to 200 MPa
. The factor of safety is
(A) 2.4
(B) 3.4
(C) 4.8
(D) 6.8
YEAR 2005
MCQ 5.31
ONE MARK
Which one of the following is criterion in the design of hydrodynamic journal

bearings ?
(A) Sommerfeld number
(B) Rating life
(C) Specific dynamic capacity
(D) Rotation factor
YEAR 2005
TWO MARKS

A band brake consists of a lever attached to one end of the band. The other
end of the band is fixed to the ground. The wheel has a radius of 200 mm
and the wrap angle of the band is 270c. The braking force applied to the
lever is limited to 100 N and the coefficient of friction between the band and
the wheel is 0.5. No other information is given.
MCQ 5.32
The maximum tension that can be generated in the band during braking is
(A) 1200 N
(B) 2110 N
(C) 3224 N
MCQ 5.33
(D) 4420 N
The maximum wheel torque that can be completely braked is

(A) 200 Nm
(B) 382 Nm
(C) 604 Nm
(D) 844 Nm

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 221
YEAR 2004
MCQ 5.34
ONE MARK
Two mating spur gears have 40 and 120 teeth respectively. The pinion rotates
at 1200 rpm and transmits a torque of 20 Nm. The torque transmitted by
the gear is
(A) 6.6 Nm
(B) 20 Nm
(C) 40 Nm
MCQ 5.35
(D) 60 Nm
In terms of theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt) and fatigue stress

concentration factor (K f ), the notch sensitivity q is expressed as
(K f 1)
(Kt 1)
(Kt 1)
(C)
(K f 1)
(K f 1)
(Kt + 1)
(K f + 1)
(D)
(Kt + 1)
(A)
MCQ 5.36
(B)
The S-N curve for steel becomes asymptotic nearly at

(A) 103 cycles
(B) 10 4 cycles
(C) 106 cycles
(D) 109 cycles
YEAR 2004
MCQ 5.37
MCQ 5.38
TWO MARKS
In a bolted joint two members are connected with an axial tightening force
of 2200 N. If the bolt used has metric threads of 4 mm pitch, the torque
required for achieving the tightening force is
(A) 0.7 Nm
(B) 1.0 Nm
(C) 1.4 Nm
(D) 2.8 Nm
Match the following

Type of gears
Arrangement of shafts
P.
Bevel gears
1.
Non-parallel off-set shafts
Q.
Worm gears
2.
Non-parallel intersecting shafts
R.
Herringbone gears
3.
Non-parallel, non-intersecting shafts
S.
Hypoid gears
4.
Parallel shafts
(A)
(B)
(C)
P-4
P-2
P-3
Q-2
Q-3
Q-2
R-1
R-4
R-1
S-3
S-1
S-4

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MACHINE DESIGN
(D)
P-1
Q-3
R-4
CHAP 5
S-2
YEAR 2003
MCQ 5.39
ONE MARK
A wire rope is designated as 6 # 19 standard hoisting. The numbers 6 # 19

represent
(A) diameter in millimeter # length in meter
(B) diameter in centimeter # length in meter
(C) number of strands # numbers of wires in each strand
(D) number of wires in each strand # number of strands
YEAR 2003
MCQ 5.40
MCQ 5.41
TWO MARKS
Square key of side d/4 each and length l is used to transmit torque T
from the shaft of diameter d to the hub of a pulley. Assuming the length
of the key to be equal to the thickness of pulley, the average shear stress
developed in the key is given by
(B) 16T
(A) 4T
ld
ld 2
(C) 8T2
(D) 16T3
ld
d
In a band brake the ratio of tight side band tension to the tension on the
slack side is 3. If the angle of overlap of band on the drum is 180c, the
coefficient of friction required between drum and the band is
(A) 0.20
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.30
(D) 0.35

The overall gear ratio in a 2 stage speed reduction gear box (with all spur
gears) is 12. The input and output shafts of the gear box are collinear. The
counter shaft which is parallel to the input and output shafts has a gear (
Z2 teeth) and pinion (Z 3 = 15 teeth) to mesh with pinion (Z1 = 16 teeth)
on the input shaft and gear (Z 4 teeth) on the output shaft respectively. It
was decided to use a gear ratio of 4 with 3 module in the first stage and 4
module in the second stage.
MCQ 5.42
Z2 and Z 4 are
(A) 64 and 45
(B) 45 and 64
(C) 48 and 60
(D) 60 and 48

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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.43
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 223
The centre distance in the second stage is

(A) 90 mm
(B) 120 mm
(C) 160 mm
(D) 240 mm
YEAR 2002
MCQ 5.44
ONE MARK
The minimum number of teeth on the pinion to operate without interference

in standard full height involute teeth gear mechanism with 20c pressure
angle is
(A) 14
(B) 12
(C) 18
(D) 32
YEAR 2002
MCQ 5.45
TWO MARKS
The coupling used to connect two shafts with large angular misalignment is
(A) a flange coupling
(B) an Oldhams coupling
(C) a flexible bush coupling
(D) a Hookes joint
MCQ 5.46
A static load is mounted at the centre of a shaft rotating at uniform angular

velocity. This shaft will be designed for
(A) the maximum compressive stress (static)
(B) the maximum tensile (static)
(C) the maximum bending moment (static)
(D) fatigue loading
MCQ 5.47
Large speed reductions (greater than 20) in one stage of a gear train are
possible through
(A) spur gearing
(B) worm gearing
(C) bevel gearing
(D) helical gearing
MCQ 5.48
If the wire diameter of a closed coil helical spring subjected to compressive

load is increased from 1 cm to 2 cm, other parameters remaining same, the
deflection will decrease by a factor of
(A) 16
(B) 8
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MACHINE DESIGN
(C) 4
CHAP 5
(D) 2
YEAR 2001
MCQ 5.49
ONE MARK
Bars AB and BC , each of negligible mass, support load P as shown in the

figure. In this arrangement,
(A) bar AB is subjected to bending but bar BC is not subjected to bending.

(B) bar AB is not subjected to bending but bar BC is subjected to bending.
(C) neither bar AB nor bar BC is subjected to bending.
(D) both bars AB and BC are subjected to bending.
YEAR 2001
MCQ 5.50
TWO MARKS
Two helical tensile springs of the same material and also having identical
mean coil diameter and weight, have wire diameters d and d/2. The ratio
of their stiffness is
(A) 1
(B) 4
(C) 64
(D) 128
*********

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 225
SOLUTION
SOL 5.1
Option (C) is correct.

Given : Width of fillets s = 10 mm , l = 30 mm , = 94 MPa
The shear strength of the joint for single parallel fillet weld is,
P = Throat Area # Allowable stress
= t#l#
t = s sin 45c = 0.707 s
P = 0.707 # s # l #
From figure
= 0.707 # (0.01) # (0.03) # (94 # 106)

= 19937 N or 19.93 kN
SOL 5.2
Option (B) is correct.

T1 = 400 N, = 0.25, = 180c = 180c # = rad.
180c
D = 0.5 m, r = D = 0.25 m
2
For the band brake, the limiting ratio of the tension is given by the relation,
T1 = e
T2
400 = e0.25 # = 2.19
T2
T2 = 400 = 182.68 N
2.19
For Band-drum brake, Braking Torque is
Given :
TB = (T1 T2) # r
= (400 182.68) # 0.25 = 54.33 Nm , 54.4 Nm
SOL 5.3

F.O.S = Allowable shear stress
Design shear stress
Design shear stress for solid circular shaft
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MACHINE DESIGN
Therefore
or,
CHAP 5
= 16T3 = 16 # 50 3# 10
d
d
3
F.O.S = 140 # d 3
16 # 50 # 10
3
2 = 140 # d 3
16 # 50 # 10
3
d 3 = 2 # 16 # 50 # 10
140 #
From T =
r
J
d = 15.38 mm , 16 mm
SOL 5.4

Given : WP = 30 kN , WQ = 45 kN
k
Life of bearing,
L = b C l # 106 revolutions
W
C = Basic dynamic load rating = Constant
For ball bearing, k = 3
3
L = b C l # 106 revolutions
W
These are the identical bearings. So for the Life of P and Q.
LP = WQ 3 = 45 3 = 3 3 = 27
b 30 l
b2l
c LQ m cWP m
8
So,
SOL 5.5
Option (D) is correct.

Given : b = 80 mm , d = 250 mm , = 0.25 , = 270c, TB = 1000 Nm
Let,
T1 " Tension in the tight side of the band (Maximum
Tension)
T2 " Tension in the slack side of the band (Minimum Tension)
Braking torque on the drum,
TB = (T1 T2) r
T1 T2 = TB = 1000 = 8000 N
r
0.125
We know that limiting ratio of the tension is given by,
T1 = e = ea0.25 # 180
# 270k
= 3.246
T2
T2 = T1
3.246
Substitute T2 in equation (i), we get
& 3.246T1 T1 = 25968
T1 T1 = 8000
3.246
2.246T1 = 25968 & T1 = 25968 = 11.56 kN
2.246
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 227
SOL 5.6

Given : d = 6 mm , l = 12 mm , P = 1000 N
Each rivets have same diameter, So equal Load is carried by each rivet.
Primary or direct force on each rivet,
F = P = 1000 = 250 N
4
4
Shear area of each rivet is,
A = ^6 # 103h2 = 28.26 # 106 mm2
4
Direct shear stress on each rivet,
250
=F =
= 8.84 # 106 - 8.8 MPa
A
28.26 # 106
SOL 5.7
Option (A) is correct.

Given : d = 50 mm , D = 50.05 mm , l = 20 mm , N = 1200 rpm , = 0.03 Pa s
Tangential velocity of shaft,
3
u = dN = 3.14 # 50 # 10 # 1200 = 3.14 m/ sec
60
60
And Radial clearance,
y = D d = 50.05 50 = 0.025 mm
2
2
Shear stress from the Newtons law of viscosity,
3.14
= # u = 0.03 #
= 3768 N/m2
y
0.025 # 103
Shear force on the shaft,
F = # A = 3768 # ( # d # l)
= 3768 # 3.14 # 50 # 103 # 20 # 103 = 11.83 N
T = F # d = 11.83 # 50 # 103 = 0.2957 Nm
2
2
We know that power loss,
P = 2NT = 2 # 3.14 # 1200 # 0.2957
60
60
Torque,
= 37.13 W - 37 W
SOL 5.8

Given : Su or u = 600 MPa , Sy or y = 420 MPa , Se or e = 240 MPa ,
d = 30 mm Fmax = 160 kN (Tension), Fmin = 40 kN (Compression)
3
Maximum stress,
max = Fmax = 160 # 10 = 226.47 MPa
(30) 2
A
4
3
Minimum stress,
min = Fmin = 40 # 10 = 56.62 MPa
A
(30) 2
4#
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MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
m = max + min = 226.47 56.62 = 84.925 MPa

2
2
226.47 ( 56.62)
v = max min =
2
2
Mean stress,
Variable stress,
= 141.545 MPa
From the Soderbergs criterion,
1 = m + v
y e
F .S.
1 = 84.925 + 141.545 = 0.202 + 0.589 = 0.791
420
240
F .S.
So,
F.S. = 1 = 1.26
0.791
SOL 5.9

Given : m = 4 mm , Z = 21, P = 15 kW = 15 # 103 W N = 960 rpm
b = 25 mm , = 20c
Pitch circle diameter,
D = mZ = 4 # 21 = 84 mm
Tangential Force is given by,
FT = T
r
Power transmitted,
& T = 60P
P = 2NT
60
2N
Then
FT = 60P # 1
r = Pitch circle radius
r
2N
...(i)
3
1
= 60 # 15 # 10 #
2 # 3.14 # 960
42 # 103
= 3554.36 N - 3552 N
SOL 5.10

From Lewis equation
F p
FT
b = T d =
by
b#y#m
3552
=
25 # 103 # 0.32 # 4 # 103
b = 111 MPa
Minimum allowable (working stress)
pd = = = 1
pc
m m
W = b # Cv = 111 # 1.5 = 166.5 MPa

SOL 5.11

Given : d = 40 mm , l = 40 mm , = 20 rad/ sec
Z () = 20 mPa s = 20 # 103 Pa s , c (y) = 0.020 mm
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
Shear stress,
= u
y
PAGE 229
From the Newtons law of viscosity...(i)
u = r = 0.020 # 20 = 0.4 m/ sec

3
= 20 # 10 # 03.4 = 400 N/m2
0.020 # 10
Shear force is generated due to this shear stress,
Loss of torque,
SOL 5.12
F = A = # dl
A = dl = Area of shaft
= 400 # 3.14 # 0.040 # 0.040 = 2.0096 N
T = F # r = 2.0096 # 0.020
= 0.040192 Nm - 0.040 Nm

Given : d1 = 100 mm & r1 = 50 mm , d2 = 40 mm & r1 = 20 mm
p = 2 MPa = 2 # 106 Pa , n = 0.4
When the pressure is uniformly distributed over the entire area of the friction
faces, then total frictional torque acting on the friction surface or on the
clutch is given by,
(r ) 3 (r2) 3
T = 2p ; 1
E
3
= 2 # 3.14 # 0.4 # 2 # 106 6(50) 3 (20) 3@ # 109
3
= 195.39 Nm - 196 Nm
SOL 5.13

Given : m = 3 mm , Z = 16 , b = 36 mm , = 20c, P = 3 kW
N = 20 rev/ sec = 20 # 60 rpm = 1200 rpm , Cv = 1.5 , y = 0.3
Module,
m =D
Z
Power,
D = m # Z = 3 # 16 = 48 mm
P = 2NT
60
3
T = 60P = 60 # 3 # 10
2 # 3.14 # 1200
2N
= 23.88 Nm = 23.88 # 103 Nmm

3
Tangential load, WT = T = 2T = 2 # 23.88 # 10 = 995 N
48
R
D
From the lewis equation Bending stress (Beam strength of Gear teeth)
1
b = WT Pd = WT
:Pd = PC = m = m D
by
bym
995
=
36 # 103 # 0.3 # 3 # 103
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PAGE 230
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
995
= 30.70 # 106 Pa = 30.70 MPa
3.24 # 105
Permissible working stress
b =
W = b # Cv = 30.70 # 1.5 = 46.06 MPa , 46 MPa

SOL 5.14
Given : m = 4 , Z = 32 , Tooth space = Tooth thickness = a

We know that,
m =D
Z
Pitch circle diameter,
D = mZ = 4 # 32 = 128 mm
And for circular pitch, Pc = m = 3.14 # 4 = 12.56 mm
We also know that circular pitch,
Pc = Tooth space + Tooth thickness
= a + a = 2a
a = Pc = 12.56 = 6.28 mm
2
2
b = addendum + PR
PQ a/2 3.14
=
=
sin =
64
64
OQ
From the figure,

or
= sin1 (0.049) = 2.81c

OP = 64 cos 2.81c = 63.9 mm
PR = OR OP = 64 63.9 = 0.1 mm
OR = Pitch circle radius
And
b = m + PR = 4 + 0.1 = 4.1 mm
Therefore, a = 6.28 mm and b = 4.1 mm
SOL 5.15

Types of Gear
Description
P. Helical
2. Axes parallel and teeth are inclined to the axis
Q. Spiral Bevel
4. Axes are perpendicular and intersecting, and

teeth are inclined to the axis

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
R. Hypoid
S.
PAGE 231
1. Axes non parallel and non-intersecting
Rack and pinion 6. Axes are parallel and one of the gear has infinite
radius
So, correct pairs are P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-6
SOL 5.16
In this figure WS represent the primary shear load whereas WS1 and WS2
represent the secondary shear loads.
Given : A = 10 # 50 mm2 , n = 2 , W = 4 kN = 4 # 103 N
We know that primary shear load on each bolt acting vertically downwards,
Ws = W = 4 kN = 2 kN
2
n
Since both the bolts are at equal distances from the centre of gravity G of
the two bolts, therefore the secondary shear load on each bolt is same.
For secondary shear load, taking the moment about point G ,
So,
SOL 5.17
Ws1 # r1 + Ws2 # r2
r1
2r1 Ws1
2 # 0.2 # Ws1
= W#e
= r2 and Ws1 = Ws2
= 4 # 103 # (1.7 + 0.2 + 0.1)

= 4 # 103 # 2
3
Ws1 = 8 # 10 = 20 # 103 = 20 kN
2 # 0.2

From the figure, resultant Force on bolt P is
F = Ws2 Ws = 20 2 = 18 kN
Shear stress on bolt P is,
18 # 103
= F =
= 159.23 MPa - 159 MPa
3 2
Area
(
12
10
)
#
4#
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PAGE 232
SOL 5.18
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5

Given : W1 = F , W2 = 2F , L1 = 8000 hr
We know that, life of bearing is given by
k
L = b C l # 106 revolution
W
3
L = b C l # 106 revolution
W
For initial condition life is,
3
L1 = bC l # 106
F
For ball bearing, k = 3 ,
8000 hr = bC l # 106
F
...(i)
3
3
L2 = b C l # 106 = 1 # bC l # 106
8
2F
F
From equation (i)
= 1 (8000 hr) = 1000 hr
8
For final load,
SOL 5.19

Given : d = 200 mm , t = 1 mm , u = 800 MPa , e = 400 MPa
Circumferential stress induced in spherical pressure vessel is,
p r
p 100
= # = #
= 50p MPa
2t
2#1
Given that, pressure vessel is subject to an internal pressure varying from
4 to 8 MPa.
So,
min = 50 # 4 = 200 MPa
max = 50 # 8 = 400 MPa
Mean stress,
m = min + max = 200 + 400 = 300 MPa
2
2
Variable stress,
v = max min = 400 200 = 100 MPa
2
2
From the Goodman method,
1 = m + v = 300 + 100 = 3 + 1 = 5 & F.S. = 8 = 1.6
5
u e
800 400
8 4
8
F .S.
SOL 5.20

Given : d = 50 mm , l = 50 mm , N = 20 rps ,
Z = 20 mPa sec = 20 # 103 Pa sec
Radial clearance = 50 m = 50 # 103 mm , Load = 2 kN
We know that,
p = Bearing Pressure on the projected bearing area
=
Load on the journal

l#d

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 233
3
= 2 # 10 = 0.8 N/mm2 = 0.8 # 106 N/m2
50 # 50
2
c = diameteral clearance
Sommerfeld Number = ZN b d l
p c
= 2 # radial clearance
3
2
50
S.N. = 20 # 10 #6 20 # b
3 l
0.8 # 10
100 # 10
3
2
= 20 # 10 #6 20 # b 1 l # 106 = 0.125
2
0.8 # 10
SOL 5.21
Given : Diameter of bolt d = 10 mm , F = 10 kN , No. of bolts n = 3

Direct or Primary shear load of each rivet
3
FP = F = 10 # 10 N
n
3
FP = 3333.33 N
The centre of gravity of the bolt group lies at O (due to symmetry of figure).
e = 150 mm (eccentricity given)
Turning moment produced by the load F due to eccentricity
= F # e = 10 # 103 # 150
= 1500 # 103 Nmm
Secondary shear load on bolts from fig. rA = rC = 40 mm and rB = 0
We know that F # e = FA [(rA) 2 + (rB) 2 + (rC ) 2]
rA
(rA = rC and rB = 0 )
= FA # [2 (rA) 2]
rA
1500 # 103 = FA # [2 (40) 2] = 80FA
40
3
FA = 1500 # 10 = 18750 N
80
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PAGE 234
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
FB = 0
(rB = 0)
FC = FA # rC = 18750 # 40
rA
40
= 18750 N
From fig we find that angle between
FA and FP = A = 90c
FB and FP = B = 90c
FC and FP = C = 90c
Resultant load on bolt A,
RA =
(FP ) 2 + (FA) 2 + 2FP # FA cos A
= (3333.33) 2 + (18750) 2 + 2 # 3333.33 # 18750 # cos 90c

RA = 19044 N
Maximum shear stress at A
A = RA = 19044 = 242.6 MPa
(d) 2
(10) 2
4
4
Resultant load on Bolt B ,
RB = FP = 3333.33 N
Maximum shear stress at B ,
B = RB = 3333.33 = 42.5 MPa
(d) 2
(10) 2
4
4#
SOL 5.22
(FB = 0)
Given : P = 400 N , r = 300 mm = 150 mm , l = 600 mm

2
x = 200 mm , = 0.25 and 2 = 45c
Let,
RN " Normal force pressing the brake block on the wheel
Ft "Tangential braking force or the frictional force acting at the
contact surface of the block & the wheel.
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 235
Here the line of action of tangential braking force Ft passes through

the fulcrum O of the lever and brake wheel rotates clockwise. Then for
equilibrium, Taking the moment about the fulcrum O ,
RN # x = P # l
RN = P # l = 400 # 0.6 = 1200 N
x
0.2
Tangential braking force on the wheel,
Braking Torque,
SOL 5.23
Ft = RN
TB = Ft # r = RN # r
= 0.25 # 1200 # 0.15 = 45 Nm

Given : d = 20 mm , l = 700 mm ,
E = 200 GPa = 200 # 109 N/m2 = 200 # 103 N/mm2
Compressive or working Load = 10 kN
According to Eulers theory, the crippling or buckling load (Wcr ) under
various end conditions is given by the general equation,
2
...(i)
Wcr = c 2EI
l
Given that one end is guided at the piston end and hinged at the other end.
So,
c =2
From equation (i),
2
2
Wcr = 2 2EI = 22E # d 4
I = d4
64
64
l
l
3
# 10 # 3.14 # (20) 4
= 2 # 9.81 # 200
64
(700) 2
= 62864.08 N = 62.864 kN
We know that, factor of safety (FOS)
Crippling Load
FOS =
= 62.864 = 6.28
10
Working Load
The most appropriate option is (C).

SOL 5.24

Given : ZP = 20 , ZG = 40 , NP = 30 rev/ sec , P = 20 kW = 20 # 103 W ,
m = 5 mm
Module,
m = D = DP = DG
Z
ZP
ZG
DP = m # ZP = 5 # 20 = 100 mm
or,
DG = m # ZG = 5 # 40 = 200 mm
Centre distance for the gear set,
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PAGE 236
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
L = DP + DG = 100 + 200 = 150 mm

2
2
SOL 5.25

Given :
Length of line of action, L = 19 mm
Pressure angle,
= 20c
Length of path of contact (L)
Length of arc of contact =
cos
= 19 = 20.21 mm
cos 20c
Contact ratio or number of pairs of teeth in contact,
Length of arc of contact
=
circular pitch
= 20.21 = 20.21 = 1.29
m
3.14 # 5
SOL 5.26
Let,
T " Torque transmitted in N m
We know that power transmitted is,
P = T = T # 2N
60
3
T = 60P = 60 # 20 # 10 = 106.157 Nm
2 # 3.14 # 1800
2N
Tangential load on the pinion
FT = T
RP
= 106.157 = 2123.14 N
0.05
From the geometry, total load due to power transmitted,
F = FT = 2123.14 - 2258.1 N
cos
cos 20c
SOL 5.27

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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 237
Given : P = 5 kW , N = 2000 rpm , = 0.25 , r 2 = 25 mm = 0.025 m ,

p = 1 MPa
Power transmitted,
P = 2NT
60
3
T = 60P = 60 # 5 # 10
= 23.885 Nm
2 # 3.14 # 2000
2N
When pressure is uniformly distributed over the entire area of the friction
faces, then total frictional torque acting on the friction surface or on the
clutch,
(r ) 3 (r2) 3
T = 2p ; 1
E
3
Torque,
23.885 # 3 = 2 # 3.14 # 0.25 # 1 # 106 # [r 13 (0.025) 3]

23.885 # 3
r 13 (0.025) 3 =
2 # 3.14 # 0.25 # 106
r 13 1.56 # 105 = 45.64 # 106 = 4.564 # 105
r 13 = (4.564 + 1.56) # 105 = 6.124 # 105
r1 = (6.124 # 105) 1/3 = 3.94 # 102 m = 39.4 mm
SOL 5.28

Given : ZP = 19 , ZG = 37 , m = 5 mm
Also,
m =D
Z
For pinion, pitch circle diameter is,
DP = m # ZP = 5 # 19 = 95 mm
And pitch circle diameter of the gear,
DG = m # ZG = 5 # 37 = 185 mm
Now, centre distance between the gear pair (shafts),
L = DP + DG = 95 + 185 = 140 mm
2
2
2
SOL 5.29

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PAGE 238
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
We know that in S-N curve the failure occurs at 106 cycles (at endurance
strength)
We have to make the S-N curve from the given data, on the scale of log 10 .
Now equation of line whose end point co-ordinates are
6
^log 10 1000, log 10 490h and ^log 10 10 , log 10 70h
or
^3, log 10 490h and ^6, log 10 70h,
y log 10 490
log 10 70 log 10 490
=
x3
63
y 2.69
= 1.845 2.69
3
x3
y y1 y 2 y1
b x x1 = x 2 x1 l
y 2.69 = 0.281 (x 3)
Given, the shaft is subject to an alternating stress of 100 MPa
So,
y = log 10 100 = 2
Substitute this value in equation (i), we get
...(i)
2 2.69 = 0.281 (x 3)
0.69 = 0.281x + 0.843
x = 0.843 0.69 = 5.455
0.281
log 10 N = 5.455
N = 105.455 = 285101
The nearest shaft life is 281914 cycles.
And
SOL 5.30
Given : l = 60 mm = 0.06 m , s = 6 mm = 0.006 m , P = 15 kN = 15 # 103 N

Shear strength = 200 MPa
We know that, if is the allowable shear stress for the weld metal, then the
shear strength of the joint for single parallel fillet weld,
P = Throat Area # Allowable shear stress
= t#l#
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 239
P = 0.707s # l #
t = s sin 45c = 0.707s
P
15 # 103
=
= 58.93 MPa
=
0.707 # 0.006 # 0.06
0.707 # s # l
Factor of Safety,
FOS =
SOL 5.31
Shear strength
= 200 MPa = 3.39 - 3.4
58.93 MPa
Allowable shear stress

The coefficient of friction for a full lubricated journal bearing is a function
of three variables, i.e.
= b ZN , d , l l
p c d
ZN
Here,
=Bearing characteristic Number, d =Diameter of the bearing
p
l =Length of the bearing, c =Diameteral clearance
2
Sommerfeld Number = ZN b d l
p c
It is a dimensionless parameter used extensively in the design of journal
bearing. i.e. sommerfeld number is also function of b ZN , d l. Therefore
p c
option (A) is correct.
SOL 5.32
Given : r = 200 mm = 0.2 m , = 270c = 270 # = 3 radian , = 0.5

180
2
At the time of braking, maximum tension is generated at the fixed end of
band near the wheel.
Let,
T2 " Tension in the slack side of band
T1 "Tension in the tight side of band at the fixed end
Taking the moment about the point O ,
& T2 = 200 N
T2 # 1 = 100 # 2
For the band brake, the limiting ratio of the tension is given by the relation
T1 = e
& T1 = T2 # e
T2
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PAGE 240
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
T1 = 200 # e0.5 # 2 = 200 # 10.54 = 2108 N

- 2110 N
So, maximum tension that can be generated in the band during braking is
equal to 2110 N
SOL 5.33

Maximum wheel torque or braking torque is given by,
TW = (T1 T2) r = (2110 200) # 0.2 = 382 Nm
SOL 5.34
Given : ZP = 40 teeth , ZG = 120 teeth , NP = 1200 rpm , TP = 20 Nm

ZP = NG
ZG
NP
NG = ZP # NP = 40 # 1200 = 400 rpm
120
ZG
Power transmitted is same for both pinion & Gear.
P = 2NP TP = 2NG TG
60
60
Velocity Ratio,
NP TP = NG TG
TG = NP TP = 1200 # 20 = 60 Nm
400
NG
So, the torque transmitted by the Gear is 60 Nm
SOL 5.35

When the notch sensitivity factor q is used in cyclic loading, then fatigue
stress concentration factor may be obtained from the following relation.
K f = 1 + q (Kt 1)
K f 1 = q (Kt 1)
K 1
q = f
Kt 1
SOL 5.36

The S-N curve for the steel is shown below :
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 241
We can easily see from the S-N curve that, steel becomes asymptotic nearly
at 106 cycles .
SOL 5.37

Given : Ft = 2200 N , p = 4 mm = 0.004 m
Torque required for achieving the tightening force is,
T = Ft # r = Ft # Pitch = 2200 # 0.004 = 1.4 Nm
2
2 # 3.14
SOL 5.38

Type of Gears
Arrangement of shafts
P.
Bevel gears
2.
Non-parallel intersecting shafts
Q.
Worm gears
3.
Non-parallel, non-intersecting shafts
R.
Herringbone gears
4.
Parallel shafts
S.
Hypoid gears
1.
Non-parallel off-set shafts
So, correct pairs are P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1.

SOL 5.39

The wire ropes are designated by the number of strands multiplied by the
number of wires in each strand. Therefore,
6 # 19 = Number of strands # Number of wires in each strand.
SOL 5.40

Given : Diameter of shaft = d
Torque transmitted = T
Length of the key = l
We know that, width and thickness of a square key are equal.
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PAGE 242
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
w =t=d
4
Force acting on circumference of shaft
F = T = 2T
r
d
i.e.
(r = d/2)
A = width # length = d # l = dl
4
4
2T/d
Force
Average shear stress,
=
=
= 8T2
shearing Area
dl/4
ld
Shearing Area,
SOL 5.41

Let,
T1 " Tension in the tight side of the band,
T2 " Tension in the slack side of the band
"Angle of lap of the band on the drum
Given : T1 = 3 , = 180c = # 180 = radian
180
T2
For band brake, the limiting ratio of the tension is given by the relation,
T1 = e or 2.3 log T1 =
bT2 l
T2
2.3 # log (3) = #
2.3 # 0.4771 = # 3.14
= 1.09733 = 0.349 - 0.35
3.14
SOL 5.42
Let N1 , N2 , N 3 and N 4 are the speeds of pinion 1, gear 2, pinion 3 and gear
4 respectively.
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 243
Given : Z1 = 16 teeth , Z 3 = 15 teeth and Z 4 = ? , Z2 = ?

N1 = Z2 /Z1
Velocity ratio
N \ 1/Z
N4
Z 3 /Z 4
...(i)
= Z2 # Z 4 = 12
Z1
Z3
N1 = Z 2 = 4
But for stage 1,
...(ii)
N2
Z1
from eq. (i)
So,
4 # Z 4 = 12
Z3
Z4 = 3,
& Z 4 = 3 # 15 = 45 teeth
Z3
From equation (ii),
SOL 5.43

Let centre distance in the second stage is D .
D = R4 + R3 = D4 + D3
2
D4 = D3 = 4
But,
Z4
Z3
Or,
So,
SOL 5.44
Z2 = 4 # Z1 = 4 # 16 = 64 teeth
m = D/Z module
D 4 = 4 # Z 4 = 4 # 45 = 180
D 3 = 4 # Z 3 = 4 # 15 = 60
D = 180 + 60 = 120 mm
2

In standard full height involute teeth gear mechanism the arc of approach is
not be less than the circular pitch, therefore
Maximum length of arc of approach = Circular pitch
...(i)
where Maximum length of the arc of approach
Max. length of the path of approach
=
cos
r sin
=
= r tan
cos
Circular pitch,
PC = m = 2r
m = 2r
Z
Z
Hence, from equation (i), we get
r tan = 2r
Z
Z = 2 = 2
= 17.25 - 18 teeth
tan tan 20c
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PAGE 244
SOL 5.45
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5

(A) Flange coupling :- It is used to connect two shaft having perfect coaxial
alignment and no misalignment is allowed between them.
(B) Oldhams coupling :- It is used to join two shafts which have lateral misalignment.
(C) Flexible bush coupling :- It is used to join the abutting ends of shafts
when they are not in exact alignment.
(D) Hooks joint :- It is used to connect two shafts with large angular
misalignment.
SOL 5.46

When the shaft rotates, the bending stress at the upper fibre varies from
maximum compressive to maximum tensile while the bending stress at the
lower fibres varies from maximum tensile to maximum compressive. The
specimen subjected to a completely reversed stress cycle. This is shown in
the figure.
When shaft is subjected to repeated stress, then it will be designed for

fatigue loading.
SOL 5.47

For a worm gear the velocity ratio ranges between 10 : 1 to 100 : 1. So, Large
speed reductions (greater than 20) in one stage of a gear train are possible
through worm gearing.
SOL 5.48

For Helical spring, deflection is given by,
3
3
= 64PR4 n = 8PD4 n
Gd
Gd
where,
P = Compressive load
d = Wire diameter
R = Coil diameter
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CHAP 5
MACHINE DESIGN
PAGE 245
G = Modulus of rigidity
From the given conditions
\ 14
d
Given d1 = 1 cm and d2 = 2 cm
2 = d1 4
1 b d2 l
2 = 1 4 = 1
16
1 b 2 l
2 = 1
16
So, deflection will decrease by a factor of 16.
SOL 5.49

Bars AB and BC have negligible mass. The support load P acting at the
free end of bars AB and BC . Due to this load P , In bar AB compressive
stress and in bar BC tensile stress are induced.
However, none of these bars will be subjected to bending because there is no
couple acting on the bars.
SOL 5.50

Let L1 & L2 are lengths of the springs and n1 & n2 are the number of coils
in both the springs.
Given :
W1 = W2
m1 g
1 g
A 1 # L 1 # g
d 2 D n
1 1
4 1#
Given :
= m2 g
= 2 g
= A 2 # L 2 # g
= d 22 # D2 n2
4
m =
L = Dn
D1 = D 2
d 12 # n1 = d 22 # n2
d1 = d & d 2 = d
2
2
d 2 # n1 = d # n 2
4
or,
n1 = n 2
4
The deflection of helical spring is given by,
3
= 8PD4 n
Gd
4
Spring stiffness, k = P = Gd3
8D n
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PAGE 246
MACHINE DESIGN
CHAP 5
From the given conditions, we get

4
k\d
n
So,
k 1 = d1 4
n2
k 2 b d 2 l # a n1 k
k1 = d 4
n2
k2 c d/2 m # n2 /4
k1 = 16 4 = 64
#
k2
*******

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CHAPTER 5

A fillet welded joint is subjected to transverse loading F as shown in the

A solid circular shaft needs to be designed to transmit a torque of 50 Nm. If

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Two identical ball bearings P and Q are operating at loads 30 kN and 45 kN

A band brake having band-width of 80 mm, drum diameter of 250 mm,

A bracket (shown in figure) is rigidly mounted on wall using four rivets.

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A forged steel link with uniform diameter of 30 mm at the centre is subjected

Common Data For Q.9 and Q.10

The tangential force transmitted (in N) is

A journal bearing has a shaft diameter of 40 mm and a length of 40 mm. The

A clutch has outer and inner diameters 100 mm and 40 mm respectively.

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(A) 6.08 mm, 4 mm

(B) 6.48 mm, 4.2 mm

(C) 6.28 mm, 4.3 mm

(D) 6.28 mm, 4.1 mm

Match the type of gears with their most appropriate description.

Axes parallel and teeth are inclined to the axis

Axes parallel and teeth are parallel to the axis

Axes are perpendicular and used for large speed reduction

Axes parallel and one of the gears has infinite radius

(A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-6

(B) P-1, Q-4, R-5, S-6

(C) P-2, Q-6, R-4, S-2

(D) P-6, Q-3, R-1, S-5

GATE Previous Year Solved Paper For Mechanical Engineering

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Common Data For Q.16 and Q.17

The primary and secondary shear loads on bolt P, respectively, are

The resultant shear stress on bolt P is closest to

(D) 195 MPa

A thin spherical pressure vessel of 200 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness

A natural feed journal bearing of diameter 50 mm and length 50 mm

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(A) 242.6, 42.5

(B) 42.5, 242.6

(C) 42.5, 42.5

(D) 18.75, 343.64

The piston rod of diameter 20 mm and length 700 mm in a hydraulic cylinder

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of safety for the piston rod is

Common Data For Q.24 and Q.26

The center distance for the above gear set in mm is

The contact ratio of the contacting tooth is

The resultant force on the contacting gear tooth in N is

A disc clutch is required to transmit 5 kW at 2000 rpm. The disk has a

A cylindrical shaft is subjected to an alternating stress of 100 MPa. Fatigue

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(C) 281914 cycles

(D) 928643 cycles

A 60 mm long and 6 mm thick fillet weld carries a steady load of 15 kN

Which one of the following is criterion in the design of hydrodynamic journal

(D) Rotation factor

Common Data For Q.32 and Q.33

The maximum wheel torque that can be completely braked is

GATE Previous Year Solved Paper For Mechanical Engineering

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In terms of theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt) and fatigue stress

The S-N curve for steel becomes asymptotic nearly at

(D) 109 cycles

Match the following

Non-parallel off-set shafts