SEP

Greenhouse Environment
Control System
Submitted by: Yash Nagpal(1202023)
Rajat Thapa (1202002)
Sarita Yadav(

Project Guide: Mr Ajay

Abstract :
Greenhouses Environment Control System form an important part of the agriculture and
horticulture sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic
conditions for optimum produce. Appropriate environmental conditions are necessary for optimum
plant growth, improved crop yields, and efficient use of water and other resources. Automation is
process control of industrial machinery and processes, thereby replacing human operators. The soil
moisture conditions, environment temperature and various climatic parameters govern plant
growth. Automating the data acquisition process allows this information (soil moisture,
temperature and various climate parameters) to be collected at high frequency with less labor
requirements.
Our main focus in this project is to design a simple, easy to use, micro controller based circuit
which monitor and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture and sunlight of the
natural environment that are continuously modified and controlled. This helps in achieve maximum
plant growth and yield. We use in this circuit a low power, cost efficient chip manufactured by
ATMEL AT89S52.
It communicates with the various sensor modules in real-time in order to control the temperature,
soil moisture, humidity and day light inside a greenhouse by actuating a cooler, water pump,
sprayer and lights respectively according to the necessary condition of the crops. There is a 162
character LCD is also used for displaying the information getting from various
sensors. This project provides economical, portable and a low maintenance solution for
greenhouse environment.

This proposed project consists of developing an automated garden monitoring

system that will benefit a wide range of users from small-scale gardens for
enthusiasts to large-scale greenhouse systems for larger corporations. Currently,
there are separate professional and open source products available. However, none
of these systems currently provide remote access and control through a wireless
interface, which this project intends to accomplish. Furthermore, the Raspberry Pi
will provide a customizable and cost-efficient platform to house the system. Finally,
this project will keep the garden industry relevant by incorporating a custom
Android application that allows users to monitor their gardens in real time while
also analyzing past statistics for future growth and improvement.

Working:
For power supply in the Greenhouse Environment Control System to provide 5V and 12V, the
circuit consists of step down transformer of 230/12V. This transformer steps down 230V AC from
main supply to 12V AC. Then that 12V AC is converted into 12V DC with the help of bridge
rectifier. After that a 1000/25V capacitor is used to filter the ripples and then it passes through
voltage regulator. There are two power supply arranged in same manner one containing 500mA
transformer and second has 750mA transformer.
This project comprises of sensors, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Micro controller
AT89S52, Relay driver IC (ULN2003), Relays, 162 characters LCD and a buzzer. The AT89S52
micro controller is as the heart of the system, it makes the set-up low-cost and effective
nevertheless. Each sensor gives their measured parameter found to the micro controller through
ADC after being converted to a digital form. When any one of the parameter read by the controller
crosses a safety limitation which has to be maintained for protection of the crops, then micro
controller performs the required actions by employing relays until the strayed-out parameter has
been brought back to its optimum level. There is a LCD display which displays all the information
of four sensors. At each update of controller there will be a sounds buzz for indication of updating.

Various important blocks of system are:

1) Microcontroller
2) Sensors
3) ADC
4) Bluetooth decoder and transmitter
5) LCD Display
6) Fan, bulb, Motor and Buzzer

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION

Here is a simple idea more useful in watering plants automatically without any human
interference. We may call it as Automatic plant irrigation system. We know that people
do not pour the water on to the plants in their gardens when they go to vacation or often
forget to water plants. As a result, there is a chance to get the plants damaged. This
project is an excellent solution for such kind of problems.

Block Diagram of Automatic Plant Irrigation System:

Explanation:
Circuit is not that much complicated. We use the basic concept in this circuit i.e.
soil have high resistance when it is dry and has very low resistance when it is wet.
By using this concept we will make the system work. We insert two probes in the
soil in such a way that that they will conduct when the soil is wet and they will not
conduct when the soil is dry. So, when the probes do not conduct, system will
automatically detect this condition with the help of HEX inverter which will become
high when the input is low.
HEX inverter will trigger the NE555 Timer and this NE555 timer will trigger
another NE555which is connected to the output of first NE555. Now the second
NE555 which is configured as astable multivibrator will help to switch on the
Electric valve and as result, it will allow the water to flow to the soil.
When the water wet the soil, probes will again conduct and make the output of
7404 low which will make the first NE555 to low and also drive remaining circuit to
low. So, automatically it will switch off the valve

Main Components in Automatic Plant Irrigation System:

Hex Inverter 7404: the main function of the inverter is to give the complemented output
for its input i.e. it will give output which is opposite to input. For example, if the input is
low to the inverter, then the output will be high. Just like the normal inverter which gives
high output when the input is low and gives low output when the input is high. 7404 IC
will be having six independent inverters; Operating supply voltage is around 4.75V
minimum to 5.5V maximum, normal supply voltage is 5V. They are used in different
applications like inverting buffers, drivers, hex inverters etc. 7404 IC will be available in
different packages like DIP (dual inline package), QFP (Quad Flat Package) etc. The

pin configuration of Hex Inverter 7404 is shown .

Circuit Diagram of Automatic Plant Irrigation System:

Circuit Explanation:

 We are all well aware that the plants will die due to lack of water in the soil. Soil will
have high resistance when it is dry and it will have very low resistance when soil is
wet. We use this simple logic to water the plants and make the circuit work.
Two probes which are connected to the circuit are placed into the soil. The two
probes will conduct only when soil is wet (resistance is low) and they cannot
conduct when soil is dry due to high resistance. The voltage is given to the probes
to conduct is given from the battery connected to the circuit.
When the soil is dry it will produce large voltage drop due to high resistance. This
is sensed by 7404 hex inverter and makes the first NE555 timer trigger which is
configured as monostable multivibrator with the help of a electrical signal.
When the first NE555 is triggered at pin 2, it will generate the output at pin 3 which
is given to the input of second NE555 timer. The second 555 timer is configured as
astable multivibrator which got triggered by the first 555 timer and will generate the
output and drive the relay which is connected to the electrically operated value

through the transistor SK100. You can use a heat sink for SK100 transistor if it is
dissipating more heat.
The output of second NE555 timer will switch on the transistor SK100 which will
drive the relay. Relay which is connected to the input of electrical value and output
of value is given to the plant plots through the pipe.
When transistor has turned on relay, it will open the valve and water is poured on
to the plants pot. When the water content in the soil is increased, the resistance in
the soil will get decreased and conduction of the probes will get started which will
make the 7404 Inverter to stop the triggering of first 555 timer. Ultimately it will
stop the electrical valve which is connected to the relay. Variable resistor (R5) and
capacitor (C1) are used to adjust the valve when to we want to conduct the
probes.
The capacitor C5 (0.01uf) is used to ground, the CV pin of second NE555 timer. C3
will remove the AC noise and allow only DC to the remaining circuit. C4 and R3
will constitute to configure the NE555 in astable multivibrator.

Values of the Components in the Circuit:

Capacitor (C4) = 10u 16V.
Capacitor (C5) = 0.01u.
Resistor (R3) = 27K
Resistor (R4) = 27K
Diode (D1 and D2) = IN4148
Relay = 6V, 150 ohms
Note:

 Battery should be continuously monitored from power outage or simply you can
use 9V DC supply adaptor.
Probes must be inserted into the soil. They should not be kept on the soil.

Electric valve should be used for best result.