PG3

Introduction to the Language and Literature of Portugal, Brazil and Portuguesespeaking Africa
Paper PG3 is designed to give you an introduction to the main areas of study in the
Portuguese Tripos, allowing you to sample literature, art and film, from the nineteenth
century to the present, and from Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Mozambique. The paper
offers language classes aiming at providing you with a reading knowledge of the
language and thus allowing you to work on a variety of texts and topics that will give
you a solid grounding in Lusophone studies whilst making you aware of its richness
and complexity. Furthermore PG3 offers you the chance to gain a good grasp of
theoretical tools as well as the historical and political background to literary, artistic
and cinematic texts, enabling you to work in depth with this material whilst gaining a
wider perspective on the cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world. The paper is
available to any student taking papers from the Tripos in Modern Languages, with the
exception of Portuguese Tripos students. Students taking this paper at Part IB have the
option of going to a Portuguese-speaking country on their year abroad and/or taking
further papers on the Portuguese Tripos at Part II.
Youarestronglyencouragedtoreadallthetextsfromthereadinglistandwatch
asmanyofthefilmsaspossibleoverthesummervacation.Thiswillenableyou
tochoosewhichtopicsyouwishtobesupervisedonthroughouttheacademic
year. Youcan purchasethese texts and films from local bookshops (Heffers and
Waterstone'sareawareofourreadinglists),orfromonlinebooksellerslikeAmazon,
LivrariaLeitura,LivrariaCultura,FNAC,Alibris,orAbeBooks.

Paperstructure
Assessment
The examination consists of a passage for compulsory translation into English and a
choice of essays from the cultural texts studied (Literature, Film and the Visual Arts),
of which two must be answered. You must not repeat material substantially. Overlap
between essays will be penalized. The essay questions are based on key topics (see
below), requiring comparative readings that may cut across boundaries of nationality
(Portugal, Brazil, Lusophone Africa), period (from the nineteenth century to the
present) and cultural form (Literature, Film and the Visual Arts).
Topic 1, Race, Sex and Nation, for instance, allows you to explore the role of race
and sex in the forging of the nation state in nineteenth century Brazilian and
Portuguese literary texts. Topic 2, Modernism and Modernity, offers you a chance to
discuss different responses to challenges of the early twentieth century in both
Portuguese and Brazilian modernism. Topic 3, Decolonization and New National
Formations, gives you the opportunity to examine the creation of national narratives
in the Lusophone African context as well as in Brazil, drawing on novels and also
film. Topic 4, Modes of Dictatorship, invites the analysis of aesthetic responses to
the reality of dictatorship in its various permutations (political, gender and race).
Topic 5, Violence and Invisibility in the Modern City explores problems of urban
alienation.

TOPICS AND TEXTS

PLEASE NOTE: in essays and exams texts, films and artists can be combined
*irrespective* of sections. You may compare texts, films and artists from
different sections regardless of their order in distribution in the lecture list.

Topic 1: Race, Sex and Nation

Jos de Alencars Iracema (1865)
Ea de Queirs, O crime do Padre Amaro (1875)
Alexandra Herculano, A Dama P de Cabra (1843) and Hlia Correia, Fascinao
(2004).
Topic 2: Modernism and Modernity
Brazilian Modernism (1922)
Fernando Pessoa, Mensagem (1934)
Fernando Pessoa, Heternimos (Selected Poetry) (Various Dates)
Topic 3: Forging New Nations and New Worlds
Vidas secas (film, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1962)
Luis Bernardo Honwana, Ns matmos o co tinhoso (1964)
Jos Eduardo Agualusa, Nao crioula (1997)
Topic 4: Modes of The Dictatorship
Paula Rego, Pastels, Prints and Paintings (Various Dates)
Lygia Fagundes Telles As meninas (1973)
Topic 5: Alienation and Marginality
Clarice Lispector, A hora da estrela (1977)
Cidade de deus (film, directed by Fernando Mierelles, 2002)

Lecture List
Michaelmas Term Portuguese Culture
Optional Introductory Lectures on History and Politics in the PortugueseSpeaking World
Lecture: History of Portugal from the origins to the twentieth century
Lecture: Portugal, the Estado Novo and the Colonies
Race, Sex and Nation in Portuguese Culture
Lecture 1: Ea de Queirs, O crime do Padre Amaro
Lecture 2: Ea de Queirs, O crime do Padre Amaro
Lecture 3: Alexandra Herculano, A Dama p de Cabra and Hlia Correia,
Fascinao
Modernism and Modernity in Portugal
Lecture 4: Fernando Pessoa, Mensagem
Lecture 5: Fernando Pessoa, Heternimos
Modes of the Portuguese Dictatorship
Lecture 6: Paula Rego, Pastels, Prints and Paintings (Gender and Sexuality)
Lecture 7: Paula Rego, Pastels, Prints and Paintings (The Religious and Political
Order)
Forging New Nations and New Worlds
Lecture 8: Triangulated Identities in Agualusas Angolan Nao crioula

Lent Term Brazilian Culture and Identity

Lecture: The Conquest and Colonization of Brazil Pero Vaz de Caminhas A carta
(1500)
Race, Sex and Nation in Brazil
Lecture 1: Romanticism, Slavery and Nation Formation: Jos de Alencars Iracema
(1865)
Modernism and Modernity in Brazil
Lecture 2: Modernist Poetry: Bandeira and Beyond (poems supplied by lecturer)
Lecture 3: Cannibalism and Modernism: Oswald de Andrades Manifestos
Forging New Nations and New Worlds: Brazil and Mozambique
Lecture 4: Cinema Novo and the Aesthetics of Hunger in the film Vidas secas
Lecture 5: Honwana, Ns matmos o co tinhoso
Modes of the Dictatorship in Brazil
Lecture 6: Violence and Authority in Lygia Fagundes Telles As meninas (1973)
Alienation and Marginality
Lecture 7: Visibility and Invisibility Clarice Lispectors A Hora da estrela
Lecture 8: Filming the Favela in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema: Cidade de deus

Easter Term
Revision Supervision 1
Revision Supervision 2
Revision Supervision 3
Revision Supervision 4

Paper structure and Assessment

The exam is divided into six topics, including one on Linguistics and five on cultural
texts (Literature, Film and the Visual Arts). Three essays must be answered. You must
not repeat material substantially. Overlap between essays will be penalized. The essay
questions are based on key topics (see below), requiring comparative readings that
may cut across boundaries of nationality (Portugal, Brazil, Lusophone Africa), period
(from the nineteenth century to the present) and cultural form (Literature, Film and
the Visual Arts).
Topic 1, Race, Sex and Nation, for instance, allows you to explore the role of race
and sex in the forging of the nation state. Topic 2, Modernism and Modernity, offers
you the opportunity to discuss different responses to challenges of the early twentieth
century in both Portuguese and Brazilian modernism. Topic 3, Decolonization and
New National Formations, gives you the opportunity to examine the creation of
national narratives. Topic 4, Modes of Dictatorship, invites the analysis of aesthetic
responses to the reality of dictatorship in its various permutations (political, gender
and race). Topic 5, Alienation and Marginality explores problems of social
estrangement and exclusion.

Bibliography
1

Race, Sex and Nation

Primary Texts
Jos de Alencar, Iracema (1865)
Ea de Queirs, O crime do Padre Amaro (1875)
Alexandra Herculano, A Dama P de Cabra (1843) and Hlia Correia, Fascinao
(2004).
Secondary Texts
COLEMAN, A., Ea de Queirs and European RealismJ. G. Simes,
SACRAMENTO, M., Vida e obra de Ea de Queirs, Ea de Queirs: uma esttica
da ironia
REIS, C., Introduo leitura d'Os Maias
SARAIVA, A. J., As ideias de Ea de Queirs
MEDINA, J., Ea de Queirs e o seu tempoI. Pires de Lima As Mscras do
Desengano
REIS, C., Estudos queirosianos: ensaios sobre Ea de Queirs e a sua obra
MIN, E., (ed.) 150 Anos com Ea de Queirs. Anais do III Encontro Internacional
de Queirosianos
REIS, C., Semana de Estudos QueirosianosA.M. Machado A Gerao de 70: Uma
Revoluo Cultural e Literria
AlKEN, Alison: "Ea's Portugal: Some English Views", Portuguese Studies, n. 12,
London, 1996.
Hilary Owen, "Fairies and Witches in Hlia Correia" in Women, Literature and
Culture in the Portuguese-speaking World. Ed. Cludia Pazos Alonso. Lewiston:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1996. 85-104.
Maria de Ftima Sousa e Silva, Antgona, o fruto de uma cepa deformada. Hlia
Correia, Perdio. Universidade de Aveiro: gora, Suplemento 1 (2001).
SOUSA E SILVA, Maria de Ftima, Furor. Ensaios
Sobre a Obra Dramtica de Hlia Correia. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de
Coimbra (2006), 129-54.
LISBOA, Maria Manuel, 2. Mother/land: Complexities of Love and Loyalty in
Alexandre Herculano, Ea de Queirs and Hlia Correia. Luso-Brazilian Review, 47:1
(2010), 168-189.
Darlene J. Sadlier, 'Sexuality and Repression in Hlia Correia's Montedemo' in The
Question of How: Women Writers and The New Portuguese Literature (1989).
Maria de Ftima Silva, "Duas verses do tema de Antgona no teatro portugus
contemporneo: Antgona de Jlio Dantas e Perdio de Hlia Correia", Humanitas,
Vol. L, Coimbra, 1998, pp.
963-987.
BERNSTEIN, Harry, Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877): Portugal's Prime Historian
and Historical Novelist

FORTES, Agostinho Fortes, Alexandre Herculano

MARTINS, Oliveira, Alexandre Herculano
VERSSIMO, Joaquim, Herculano e a Conscincia do Liberalismo Porgus
SERPA PIMENTEL, Antonio de, Herculano e o seu Tempo: Estudo Crtico
MEDINA, Joo, Herculano e a Gerao de 70
BEIRANTE, Cndido, A Ideologia de Herculano
CANDIDO, Antonio. A Formaao da Literatura Brasileira
MARCHANT, Elizabeth. " Naturalism, Race, and Nationalism in Alusio Azevedo's O
Mulato". Hispania 83:3 (2000): 445-453.
OWEN, Hilary Portuguese Women's Writing, 1972-1986. Reincarnations of a
Revolution. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2000.
SOMMER Doris. Foundational Fictions, The National Romances in Latin America
(California, 1991) Chapters 1 and 5.
TREECE, David. Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazils Indianist movement, indigenist
politics and the Imperial nation-state (London: Greenwood, 2000) see also journal
article in Portuguese Studies Vol 2, 1986: 56-95.
WASSERMAN, Renata. Exotic Nations, (Cornell, 1994) Chapters 1,2, 3 and 7.
2

Modernism and Modernity

Primary Texts
Manuel Bandeira (selected Poetry)
Fernando Pessoa, Mensagem (1934)
Fernando Pessoa, Heternimos (Selected Poetry)
Graciliano Ramos, Vidas secas (1938)
Secondary Texts
GREEN, J. C. R. Fernando Pessoa : the genesis of the heteronyms
SADLIER, Darlene J.(Darlene Joy), An introduction to Fernando Pessoa :modernism
and the paradoxes of authorship
VERSSIMO, A., Dicionrio da Mensagem: Figuras Histricas, Mitos, Smbolos,
Conceitos
LANCASTRE, M.J., de O Essencial sobre Fernando PessoaA. Quadros Fernando
Pessoa: A Obra e o Homem
SADLIER, D.J., An Introduction to Fernando Pessoa: Modernism and the Paradoxes
of Authorship
CASTRO, Mariana Gray de (ed.), Fernando Pessoa's Modernity Without Frontiers:
Influences, Dialogues and Responses.
VARIOUS AUTHORS, Homenagem a Fernando Pessoa
ADNIAS FILHO - O Romance Brasileiro de 30.
ANCONA LOPEZ, Tel Porto (ed.) Manuel Bandeira: Verso e Reverso
BERARDINELLI, Cleonice, The Poetry of Manuel Bandeira, Portuguese Studies
Vol. 9, 1993, pp. 183- 188.
ELLISON, Fred. Brazil's New Novel.
GOMES DE ALMEIDA Jos Maurcio. -A Tradio Regionalista no Romance
Brasileiro.
NIST, John. The Modernist Movement in Brazil

TREECE David and Mike Gonzlez.The Gathering of Voices: Twentieth Century

Poetry of Latin America (see chapters 3 and 5)
3

Forging New Nations, New Worlds

Primary Texts
Vidas secas (film, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1962)
Luis Bernardo Honwana, Ns matmos o co tinhoso (1964)
Jos Eduardo Agualusa, Nao crioula (1997)
Secondary Texts
HAMILTON, Russell, Voices from an Empire
FERREIRA, Manuel, Literaturas Africanas de Expresso
PINTO DE ANDRADE, Mrio, Poesia Negra de Expresso Portuguesa
LARANJEIRA, Pires, Literaturas Africanas de Expresso Portuguesa
PATRICK, Patrick, The Postcolonial Literature of Lusophone Africa
HAMILTON, Russell G., Literatura Africana, Literatura Necessria, Vols. I and II
LARANJEIRA, Pires, Literatura Calibanesca
MOSER, Gerald, A New Bibliography of the Lusophone Literatures of Africa
NWEZEH, E.C., Literature and Colonialism in Lusophone Africa
CHABAL, Patrick, Vozes Moambicanas
MENDONA, Ftima, Literatura Moambicana. A Histria e as Escritas
OWEN, Hilary and ROTHWELL, Phillip (eds.), Sexual/textual empires: gender and
marginality in Lusophone African literature
OWEN, Hilary, Mother Africa, Father Marx: women's writing of Mozambique, 19482002.
FERREIRA, Manuel, Literaturas Africanas de Expresso Portuguesa, Vols. 1 and 2
PINTO DE ANDRADE, MRIO, Poesia Negra de Expresso Portuguesa
LEITE Ana Mafalda et al. (Eds.) - Nao e Narrativa Ps-Colonial I and II: Angola e
Moambique of Lusophone Africa.
BURNESS, Donald. Fire: Six Writers from Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde.
Various Revista Crtica de Cincias Sociais: As Mulheres na Guerra Colonial,
Special issue, vol. 68.
JOHNSON Randal and Robert Stam, Eds. Brazilian Cinema. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1996
JOHNSON, Randal,Brazilian Cinema Novo, Bulletin of Latin American Research,
Vol. 3, No. 2, 1984, pp. 95-106
SADLIER, Darlene. Nelson Pereira dos Santos. Champaign: University of Illinois
Press, 2003.
XAVIER, Ismail, Introduction Allegories of Underdevelopment. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press: 1-31.

4
Modes of Dictatorship
Primary Texts

Paula Rego, Pastels, Prints and Paintings (1950 present)

Lygia Fagundes Telles As meninas (1973)
Secondary Texts
ROSENGARTEN, Ruth, Getting Away with Murder: Paula Rego and "The Crime of
Father Amaro",
McEWEN, John, Paula Rego.
WARNER, Marina, Introduction to Nursery Rhymes.
GRER, Germaine, "Paula Rego" in Modern Painters (Autumn 1988).
WILLING, Victor, Foreword to the catalogue exhibition Paula Rego. Paintings 198283, Edward Totah Gallery, London (1983), reproduced in John McEwen, Paula Rego.
London: Phaidon (1997).
WILLING, Victor, Essay for the catalogue of the retrospective of Paula Rego at the
Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon (1988), reproduced in McEwen, op.cit.
RAVEN, Cassandra L. Langer and Joanna Frueh (eds.), Feminist Art Criticism: An
Anthology.
FOSTER,David William. Gender and Society in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema.
5
Alienation and Marginality
Primary Texts
Clarice Lispector, A Hora da estrela (1977)
Cidade de deus (film, directed by Fernando Mierelles, 2002)
Secondary Texts
MARCELO MELO, Joo Aesthetics and Ethics in City of God Third Text,
September 2004.
NAGIB Lcia, Talking Bullets, The Language of Violence in City of God, Third
Text, Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2004, pp. 239-250
VIEIRA, Else (ed) City of God in Several Voices. Nottingham: CCCP. 2005.
CIXOUS, Hlne. Reading with Clarice Lispector, Ed. Verena Andermatt Conley.
London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.
PEIXOTO, Marta. Passionate Fictions. Gender, narrative and violence in Clarice
Lispector. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P,1994.
WALDERMAR, Thomas P. Life Eating Life: Food, Drink and Catharsis in A Hora
da Estrela. Romance Quarterly Notes. 36.1 (1995): 62-9