Lenses and Ray Diagrams Qs

Lenses and Ray Diagrams Qs
Q1.
(a)
(i)
The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, a lens and its axis.
Complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays.
(2)
(ii)
Name the point where the rays come together.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
What word can be used to describe this type of lens?

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, a lens and its axis.
(i)
Which point A, B, C, D or E shows the focal point for this diagram?

Point ..................
(1)
(ii)
Explain your answer to part (b)(i).

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Page 1
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(1)
(iii)
What word can be used to describe this type of lens?

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Complete the following three sentences by crossing out the two lines in each box
which are wrong
film
In a camera a converging lens is used to produce an image on a
lens
screen
larger than
The image is
smaller than
the object.
the same size as
further away from

Compared to the distance of the image from the lens, the object is
nearer to
the same distance from
the lens.
(3)
(d)
Explain the difference between a real image and a virtual image.

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(3)
(Total 13 marks)
Q2.
(a)
(i)
The diagram shows how parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens.
Mark the position of the focus.
(1)
(ii)
Is this a converging lens, a diverging lens, both or neither?

.........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The diagram shows how parallel rays of light pass through a concave lens.
(i)
Mark the position of the focus.
(1)
(ii)
Is this a converging lens, a diverging lens, both or neither?

.........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 3
(c)
Complete these sentences by crossing out the two lines in each box that are wrong.
In a camera, a
lens is used to produce an image of an object on a
The image is
the object.
The image is
object from the lens.
the lens, compared to the distance of the

(4)
(d)
In a cinema projector, a convex lens is used to produce a magnified, real image.
(i)
What does magnified mean?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 4
(ii)
What is a real image?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)
You are in a dark room. You have a box containing some lenses. Only one of them
is a
converging lens.
Describe how, by just feeling the lenses, you can pick out the converging lens.
...................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Q3.
The diagram shows a lens being used as a magnifying glass.
(a)
(i)
What type of lens is shown in the diagram?

Draw a circle around your answer.
Page 5
concave
converging
diverging
(1)
(ii)
Use the equation in the box to calculate the magnification produced by the
lens.
The object and image in the diagram have been drawn to full size.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Magnification = ........................................
(2)
(b)
The diagram shows how the image changes when the object has been moved
closer to the lens.
Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the
box.
increases
Moving the object closer to the lens does not change the magnification produced
decreases
by the lens.
(1)
Page 6

(Total 4 marks)
Q4.
The ray diagram shows a converging lens being used as a magnifying glass.
The diagram has been drawn to scale.
(a)
What name is given to the type of lens used as a magnifying glass?

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Calculate the magnification produced by the lens.

Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your
answer.
........................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................
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Page 7
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Magnification = .....................................
(2)
(c)
Describe the image produced by a magnifying glass.

........................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q5.
A student investigates how the magnification of an object changes at different

distances from a converging lens.
The diagram shows an object at distance d from a converging lens.
(a)
(i)
The height of the object and the height of its image are drawn to scale.
lens shown in the diagram.
Page 8

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Magnification = ............................................................
(2)
(ii)
The points F are at equal distances on either side of the centre of the lens.
State the name of these points.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
Explain how you can tell, from the diagram, that the image is virtual.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The student now uses a different converging lens. He places the object between the
lens and point F on the left.
The table shows the set of results that he gets for the distance d and for the
magnification produced.
Distance d
measured in cm
Magnification
1.2
10
1.5
15
2.0
20
3.0
25
6.0
His friend looks at the table and observes that when the distance doubles from 10
cm to 20 cm, the magnification doubles from 1.5 to 3.0.
Page 9
His friends conclusion is that:

The magnification is directly proportional to the distance of the object from the lens.
His friends observation is correct but his friends conclusion is not correct.
(i)
Explain, with an example, why his friends conclusion is not correct.

...............................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Write a correct conclusion.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
The maximum range of measurements for d is from the centre of the lens to F
on the left.
The student cannot make a correct conclusion outside this range.
Explain why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q6.
(a)
(i)
Page 10
The diagram shows a converging lens being used as a magnifying glass.

On the diagram, use a ruler to draw two rays from the top of the object which
show how and where the image is formed. Represent the image by an arrow
drawn at the correct position.
(3)
(ii)
lens.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Magnification = ........................................
(2)
(b)
A camera also uses a converging lens to form an image.

Describe how the image formed by the lens in a camera is different from the image
formed by a lens used as a magnifying glass.
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Page 11
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q7.
A student investigated how the nature of the image depends on the position of the
object in front of a large converging lens.
The diagram shows one position for the object.
(a)
Use a ruler to complete a ray diagram to show how the image of the object is
formed.
(4)
Page 12
(b)
Describe the nature of this image relative to the object.

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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8.
The diagram shows a lens, the position of an object and the position of the image of
the object.
(a)
What type of lens is shown?

........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
What is the name of the points, F, shown each side of the lens?
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
(i)
The image is real and can be put on a screen.

How can you tell from the diagram that the image is real?
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Page 13
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(1)
(ii)
inverted
Draw a ring around a word in the box which describes the image produced by
the lens.
larger
upright
(1)
(d)
A student investigates the relationship between the distance from the object to the
lens and the magnification produced by the lens.The students results are given in
the table.The student did not repeat any measurements.
Distance
in millimetres
Height of object
in millimetres
Height of image
in millimetres
Magnification
produced
40
20
58
2.9
50
20
30
1.5
60
20
20
1.0
70
20
14
0.7
80
20
12
0.6
90
20
10
0.5
The student plots the points for a graph of magnification produced against distance.
Page 14
(i)
Draw a line of best fit for these points.

(1)
(ii)
Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct word in
the box.
A line graph has been drawn because both variables are
categoric.
described as being
continuous
.
discrete.
(1)
(iii)
Describe the relationship between magnification produced and distance.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 15
Q9.
The diagram shows an object located vertically on the principal axis of a diverging
lens. A student looks through the lens and can see an image of the object.
(a)
Using a pencil and ruler to draw construction lines on the diagram, show how light
from the object enters the students eye and the size and position of the image.
(3)
(b)
Describe the nature of the image by comparing it to the object.

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 16
Q10.
Malik uses a camera to photograph the Moon.
(a)
Complete each sentence by choosing the correct words from the box.
You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
converging
diverging
image
longer
object
real
shorter
virtual
In a camera a ........................................ lens is used to produce

an ............................
of an ........................................ on a film. The ........................................ is smaller
than
the ........................................ and it is a ........................................ distance from the
lens.
(6)
(b)
The Moon moves in a nearly circular path around the Earth.

(i)
What is the name of the force which causes the Moon to move around the
Earth?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 17
(ii)
In which direction does this force act?

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
A force is needed to make a car change direction when it goes round a bend.
(i)
What is the name of this force and where does it act?

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Complete the two spaces in the sentence.

The force needed is greater if the ........................................ of the car is
greater and
the ........................................ of the bend is smaller.
(2)
(d)
What word is used to describe any force which causes an object to move in a
circular path?
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(1)
(Total 13 marks)
Page 18
##
(a)
(i)
rays continued to meet on the right hand side of the lens and beyond
must be straight lines from the right hand side of the lens
ignore details through the lens
allow if no arrows
1
meet exactly on the axis

negate mark if contradictory arrow(s) added
do not need to go beyond the focus for this mark
1
(ii)
(principal) focus
or focal (point)
1
(iii)
converging
or convex
1
(b)
(i)
A
1
(ii)
rays seem to come from this point

or words to this effect
or shows this on the diagram
1
(iii)
diverging
or concave
1
(c)
film
accept any unambiguous method of showing the correct
response
1
smaller than
1
further away from

1
Page 19
(d)
any three from:
real image can be put on a screen

allow film
virtual image cannot be put on a screen / film
virtual image is imaginary
real image is formed where (real) rays cross / converge

allow real image has light travelling through it
virtual image is where virtual / imaginary rays (seem to) come from
or virtual image is where rays seem to come from
virtual image formed where virtual rays intersect / cross

3
[13]
M2.
(a)
(i)
point where the rays cross

do not credit if ambiguous
1
(ii)
converging (lens)
do not accept convex
1
(b)
(i)
point where the rays appear to diverge from

this should appear to be within 10mm in front of the back of
the arrows on the approximate centre line
need not be accurately constructed using a ruler
1
(ii)
diverging (lens)
do not accept concave
1
Page 20
(c)
converging
1
film
1
smaller than
nearer to
accept any clear indication of the response e.g. ticking,
ringing, writing in after a mistake
1
(d)
(i)
(image) bigger than object enlarge

accept just 'made bigger'
1
(ii)
it / real image can be put on a screen or real image on the opposite side
of the lens to the object
accept 'not an imaginary or virtual image'
assume 'it' refers to a real image
do not credit 'it can be seen'
1
(e)
either (the converging lens is) thick in the middle thin(ner) at the edge
1
thickest in the middle gains 2 marks

1
or (both) sides bend outwards (1) in the middle (1)

convex gains 2 marks
suitable diagrams gains 2 marks
or one side bends in the middle (1) more than the other side bends inwards
(in the middle) (1)
1
[12]
M3.
(a)
(i)
converging
1
Page 21
(ii)
(x) 2
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 10/5 or 20/10 or 2/1
ignore any units
2
(b)
decreases
1
[4]
M4.
(a)
converging
accept convex
1
(b)
3
allow 1 mark for substitution into the correct equation
ie
2
(c)
bigger
accept magnified
1
upright
1
virtual
1
[6]
Page 22
M5.
(a)
(i)
answer in the range 3.0 3.1 inclusive

accept for 1
3.6 1.2 or 3.7 1.2
or 36 12 or 37 12
or 18 6 or 18.5 6
or 10.2 3.4 or 102 34
or answer in the range but with a unit eg 3 cm
2
(ii)
(principal) focus / focal (point(s)) / foci / focus

accept focusses
accept focals
do not accept focal length
1
(iii)
at the intersection of virtual / imaginary rays

or where virtual / imaginary rays cross
or the rays of (real) light do not cross
or the image on the same side (of the lens) as the object
or the image is drawn as a dotted line
or the image is upright
do not accept cannot be put on a screen
do not accept any response which refers to reflected rays
1
(b)
(i)
another correct observation about relationship between values of d (1)

(but) not the same relationship between corresponding
values for magnification (1)
example
15 is three times bigger than 5 but
2.0 is not three times bigger than 1.2
2
(ii)
when the distance / d increases the magnification increases

or the converse
accept there is a (strong) positive correlation
do not accept any response in terms of proportion / inverse
proportion
1
Page 23
(iii)
(student has) no evidence (outside this range)

accept data / results / facts for evidence
1
[8]
M6.
(a)
(i)
two correct rays drawn

1 mark for each correct ray
ray parallel to axis from top of object and refracted through focus
traced back beyond object
and
ray through centre of lens and traced back beyond object
ray joining top of object to focus on left of lens taken to the lens
parallel to axis and traced back parallel to axis beyond object
refracted
an arrow showing the position and correct orientation of the image for their
rays
to gain this mark, the arrow must go from the intersection of
the traced-back rays to the axis and the image must be on
the same side of the lens as the object and above the axis
1
(ii)
(x) 3.0
accept 3.0 to 3.5 inclusive
or
correctly calculated
Page 24
allow 1 mark for correct substitution into equation using their

figures
ignore any units
2
(b)
any two from:

in a camera the image is:
real not virtual
inverted and not upright

accept upside down for inverted
diminished and not magnified

accept smaller and bigger
accept converse answers but it must be clear the direction of
the comparison
both parts of each marking point are required
2
[7]
M7.
(a)
any two for 1 mark each

deduct (1) from the first two marks if a ruler has not been
used but the intention is clear
ray from the object's arrowhead
through centre of lens
parallel to the axis then, when it reaches the lens, through F on the right
through F on the left then, when it reaches the lens parallel to the axis
example of a 4 mark response
if more than two construction lines have been drawn all must
be correct to gain 2 marks
construction lines drawn as dashed lines do not score credit
2
image shown as vertical line from axis to where their rays intersect
image need not be marked with an arrowhead but, if it is, it
must be correct
1
Page 25
ray direction shown

only one correct direction
arrow needed but there must not be any contradiction
1
(b)
any two from:
inverted
accept upside down
magnified
accept bigger
real
accept not virtual / not imaginary
one correct feature gains 1 mark
ignore any reference to position
an incorrect feature negates a correct response
2
[6]
M8.
(a)
converging (lens)
accept convex (lens)
accept biconvex
1
(b)
(principal) foci
accept focus / focuses / focis
focal point(s)
1
(c)
Page 26
(i)
formed where (real) rays (of light) intersect / meet / cross

accept rays (of light) pass through the image
accept image is on the opposite side (of the lens to the
object)
accept (construction) lines cross over
a response relating to a screen or similar is neutral
lines are solid and not dotted is neutral

1
(ii)
inverted
accept any unambiguous correct indication
1
(d)
(i)
smooth curve which matches the points

judge by eye but do not accept point to point by ruler or
otherwise
1
(ii)
continuous
1
(iii)
as distance increases, magnification decreases

accept negative correlation
a statement inversely proportional is incorrect and limits
maximum mark for this part question to 1
1
further detail eg magnification falls steeply between 40 and 50 cm

or
magnification begins to level out after / at 70 cm
1
[8]
M9.
(a)
straight line from the tip of the object
straight through the centre of the lens (1)

parallel to the axis, then diverges from the lens as if from F (1)
image drawn from where these lines intersect, vertically to the axis (1)
example
Page 27
(b)
any two from:
smaller (than the object)
(both) upright
image is virtual / imaginary (whereas object is real)

no errors carried forward from the candidates diagram
mark first two points given
2
[5]
M10.
(a)
converging
1
image
1
object
1
image
1
object
1
shorter
1
(b)
Page 28
(i)
(Earths) gravity
accept centripetal
accept minor misspellings, however,
do not credit any response which could be centrifugal

1
(ii)
to(wards) (the centre of the) Earth

allow inwards do not accept downwards
1
(c)
(i)
either
friction (force) or centripetal force
allow grip
1
between the tyres / wheels and (the surface of) the road
allow on the tyres / wheels
or towards the centre of the bend / arc / circle
1
(ii)
mass or speed or momentum

allow weight allow velocity
1
radius / diameter
do not credit curvature or circumference
1
(d)
centripetal
accept minor misspellings (see above)
1
[13]
Page 29

Lenses and Ray Diagrams Qs

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Lenses and Ray Diagrams Qs

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Lenses and Ray Diagrams Qs

Name the point where the rays come together.

What word can be used to describe this type of lens?

Which point A, B, C, D or E shows the focal point for this diagram?

Explain your answer to part (b)(i).