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19/06/2015
Combustion
Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
EscuelaPolitcnicaNacional
19/06/2015
Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
Combustion
A chemical reaction during which a fuel is oxidized and a large quantity
of energy is released is called combustion. [1]
When this chemical reaction occurs, the bonds within molecules of the
reactants are broken, and atoms and electrons rearrange to form
products. [2]
[2]
massofreactants=massoftheproducts
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For simplicity:
gasoline octane C8H18
Theultimateanalysisgivesthecompositiononamassbasisintermsof
therelativesamountsofchemicalelements(C, H and S).
Combustion
Rapid combustion of combustible elements of the fuel results in energy
release as combustion products are formed.
The 3 major combustible chemical elements in most common fuels are:
C, H and S.
S is usually a relatively unimportant contributor to the energy released,
but it can be a significant cause of pollution and corrosion problems.[2]
[2]
EachmolofO2reactswith3.76molN2
[1]
EscuelaPolitcnicaNacional
19/06/2015
Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
Stoichiometric reaction
The mnimum amount of air needed for the complete combustin of a
fuel is called stocichiometric or theoretical air.
When a fuel is completely burned with theoretical air, no uncombined
oxygen is present in the combustin products gases.
The theoretical is also referred to as the chemically correct amount of
air, or 100% theoretical air. [1]
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Stoichiometric reaction
What happens when air is humid?
Air with
SOLUTION
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dryair
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If the products are cooled down at 30C, what is the amount of water that
wil condense if 10% of excess air is required?
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Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
17
[1]
Heatisreleased
+Heatmustbeadded
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[2]
[1]
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(liquid)
HHV
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First-Law Analysis
Steady Flow Systems
[1]
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First-Law Analysis
Closed Systems
[1]
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24
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3.76
2
5 1.5
3.76
2.7
0.3
12
0.05
2.65
28.2
25.53
25.53
28.96
7.5 4.76
3
3.76
1.18
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Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
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[2]
[1]
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30
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Contenido
1. Introduction
2. A/F ratio
3. Energy Balance
4. Pollution issues
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[1]
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EffectsofCOexposureonhumans.
[3]
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[1]
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References
1.
2.
3.
Yunus Cengel and Michael Boles, Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach, McGrawHill, 5th Ed.
Moran M.J. and Shapiro H.N. 1998, Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd. Edi., John Wiley & Sons, New
York, US
Turns S., An Introduction to Combustion, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill
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