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Symptoms
Etiology
Etiology -The cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder isn't fully understood. Main theories include:
Biology. OCD may be a result of changes in your body's own natural chemistry or brain functions. OCD may also
Environment. Some environmental factors such as infections are suggested as a trigger for OCD, but more
Cost to society
Cost to societyObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), classified as a severe mental illness by
the National Advisory Mental Health Council, affects 2.1% of the population
annually, as shown by the Epidemiological Catchment Area surveys. This
study, using the human capital approach, estimated the direct and indirect
costs of OCD. The total costs of OCD were estimated to be $8.4 billion in 1990,
5.7% of the estimated $147.8 billion cost of all mental illness, and 18.0% of the
costs of all anxiety disorders, estimated to be $46.6 billion. The indirect costs of
OCD, reflecting lost productivity of individuals suffering from or dying from the
disorder, were estimated at $6.2 billion.
Nursing Implications
Treatment
International OCD-not many large help groups
Star of the sea ocd
Medical: Anxiety Medication: What You Need to Know About AntiAnxiety Drugs
Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,
Exposure Therapy, and Other Options
Antidepressants (Depression Medication):
Cultural
Judaism is one of many religions that demand cleanliness and exactness, inculcate the performance
of rituals from childhood and view their non-performance as wrong or sinful. Rituals concerning
cleanliness and exactness are the commonest presentations of OCD. In a sample of 34 psychiatric
out-patients with OCD in north Jerusalem, religious symptoms were found in 13 of the 19 ultraorthodox patients, and in one of the 15 non-ultra-orthodox patients. Nine of the 15 OCD patients with
religious symptoms also had non-religious symptoms. Four main topics of religious symptomatology
were found: prayer, dietary practices, menstrual practices and cleanliness before prayer. The dictates
of religious codes regarding these topics are presented and the law is rigorous in its demands, in
many cases encouraging repeating rituals. Nevertheless, repetitive performance of religious rituals is
recognized by OCD sufferers and their rabbis as expressing psychopathology rather than heightened
spirituality. The forms of the religious obsessions and the associated rituals in this sample were similar
to the presentation of OCD in non-religious patients. Religion appears not to be a distinctive topic of
OCD, rather it is the setting for the condition in very religious patients.
Is it working?
Increasing number of OCD diagnosis
Studies and treatments only started in the 80s
Obsession forming drugs increasing prevalence
ADHD treatment correlates with OCD