Project Ignite: Lumen

Erroll Jacob Aves | Joaquin Vicente Corpus | Ian Cedric Tan | Pao Taracatac

Portable Insulated Food and Water Container

I. Topic. The effect of the material and other properties of layers surrounding our
container on its ability to insulate efficiently.
II. Outline.
A. Thermodynamics.
Book Source: General Chemistry, L. Krannich, 2005.
Statement acquired from the book: Thermodynamics study of the relationship
between heat and other forms of energy involved in a chemical or physical process.
Paraphrased statement: Thermodynamics tackles the relationship of heat and different
types of energy (L. Krannich, 2005). We need this information to know or simply define
what thermodynamics in the simplest way possible before giving related literature.

Book Source: Science Insights, Exploring Matter and Energy, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Statement acquired from the book: Specific heat. Just like the pie crust and the
filling, heat energy affects substances differently. Each substance requires a different

amount of heat to raise its temperature 1C. The amount of heat 1 g of a substance
must absorb to raise its temperature 1C is called the specific heat of a substance.
Paraphrased statement: Specific heat is the amount of heat required for a substances
temperature to be raised by 1C (Addison-Wesley, 1994). We needed this information to

understand that even though heated for the same time, the food and water inside our
container, not only have different rates of cooling down, but also, different specific heats.

Book Source: Science Insights, Exploring Matter and Energy, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Statement acquired from the book: You probably think about how hot or cold
something is in terms of temperature. When the temperature of a substance is high, its
molecules are moving rapidly. Imagine that you fill a bucket and a teacup with water
from a bathtub. The temperature of the water is the same in each container, because
temperature is a measure of the average movement of the molecules in a substance.
Volume doesnt affect temperature.
Paraphrased statement: Temperature, the average movement of molecules, is a
measurable quantity which isnt affected by volume (Addison-Wesley, 1994). We
needed this information to understand that no matter how big or how small our container
is and no matter how much water we put in our container, the temperature wont differ.
However, how fast the temperature will cool down will eventually be affected by the
volume since the higher the volume, the slower it is to cool down.
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Book Source: Science Insights, Exploring Matter and Energy, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Statement acquired from the book: If
two objects with different temperatures
come into contact, energy flows from the
object with the higher temperature to the
one with the lower temperature. Energy
that is transferred from one substance to

Liquid
Container

another is called heat energy. Heat is

energy that flows between objects that

Heat from
Liquid to the
Container

have different temperatures. The official SI

unit of heat is the joule.

Figure 1. Heat Transfer in our Container

Paraphrased statement: Heat is a type of energy that gets transferred from an object
of a higher temperature to an object of lower temperature when they come into contact
(Addison-Wesley, 1994). We needed this information to understand that heat will
eventually transfer between the liquid inside the container and its inner walls see
figure 1.

Book Source: Science Insights, Exploring Matter and Energy, Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Statement acquired from the book: Radiation is the transfer of energy by infrared
waves. When infrared waves strike your skin, the molecules in your skin vibrate faster
and become warmer. Radiation can move energy over long distances. Radiation differs

from conduction and convection because matter isnt needed to transfer energy by
radiation.
Paraphrased statement: Radiation can transfer energy through infrared waves over
long distances and even in the absence of matter which causes molecules to vibrate
faster and heat up (Addison-Wesley, 1994). We needed this information to understand

that there are still other factors, such as radiation, as to why the liquid will cool down or
heat up other than the heat transfer, specific heat, insulation/conduction of the
container, etc.

Book Source: Chemistry for You, L. Ryan, 2001.

Statement acquired from the book: The first law of thermodynamics, which is based
on the law of conservation of energy, states that energy can be converted from one form
to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.
Paraphrased statement: The first law of thermodynamics says that energy can be
transformed but not created nor destroyed (L. Ryan, 2001). We needed this information
to understand that the heat energy, flowing between the liquid and the inner wall of the
container, can be transferred and transformed into other types of energy but cannot be
destroyed nor created. This means that the heat energy will always be there, whether it
may be as heat energy itself or as another form of energy.

Book Source: Chemistry for You, L. Ryan, 2001.

Statement acquired from the book: The internal energy of a system has two
components: kinetic energy and potential energy. The kinetic energy component
consists of various types of motion and the movement of electrons within molecules.
Paraphrased statement: Internal energy consists of kinetic and potential energy where
kinetic energy is composed of different types of motion and the movement of electrons
(L. Ryan, 2001). We need this information to understand that the internal energy may
also act as a factor that affects temperature and motion of the molecules inside the
liquid since motion (vibrational motion in solids, vibrational and rotational motion in
liquids) and the movement of electrons is included in kinetic energy.

Book: Science Insights, Exploring Matter and Energy, Addison-Wesley, 1994.

Statement acquired from the book: When heat energy transfers to a substance, it
adds to the internal energy of the substance. Internal energy is the total amount of
energy a substance contains. Most of the internal energy of a substance is kinetic
energy.
Paraphrased statement: The transfer of heat energy adds up to the internal energy
(Addison-Wesley, 1994). We need this information to understand that in addition to the
components of internal energy, we need to know that the heat energy adds up to the
total amount of energy in a substance, including the kinetic and potential energy in a
substance. The heat energy adds to the kinetic energy which means kinetic energy
increases the movement and motion of molecules like vibrational, rotational and
translational motion.

B. Conductors and Insulators.

Book Source: Science Matters, Lower Secondary, 2 nd Edition, Vol. B, J. Fong, L.
Kwan, E. Lam, C. Lee, L. Lim, 2008.
Statement acquired from the book: Conduction is the process of heat transfer
through a medium or material without any movement of the medium or material. A
material that conducts heat is called a conductor. Some materials conduct heat better
than others. Bad conductors of heat are called insulators.
Paraphrased statement: Conduction is how heat transfers without the medium moving
(J. Fong, L. Kwan, E. Lam, C. Lee, L. Lim, 2008). We need this basic information to
simply define conduction and what conductors and insulators are before identifying
conductors, insulators and their properties.

Book Source: Science Matters, Lower Secondary, 2 nd Edition, Vol. B, J. Fong, L.

Kwan, E. Lam, C. Lee, L. Lim, 2008.
Statement acquired from the book: Materials such as wood, rubber, asbestos,
plastic, glass, water, and air are bad conductors of heat. They are used to reduce the
amount of heat from being transmitted from one place to another. Most liquids are bad
conductors of heat, except for mercury.
Paraphrased statement: Insulators, that are bad conductors of heat, reduce how much
heat is transferred between objects (J. Fong, L. Kwan, E. Lam, C. Lee, L. Lim, 2008).
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