Push, pull (full exertion) [heavy objects, very low speeds]

Gentle push, gentle pull [moderate objects, moderate speeds]

Throw & Catch

[moderate objects, high speeds]

Mass :: A Measure of heaviness

Human cannot tell difference between weights of two pebbles, which is
lighter Lighter means easier to lift, heavier means tougher to lift But he
can certainly tell which is heavier amongst a pebble and a boulder.. Human
did realize that throwing a heavier rock was more tough as well.
Heaviness is being pulled down ::
From experiments with his fellow humans, he would have learnt that pulling
something brings the object closer and pushing sends object farther, also
that two opposing pulls and pushes kind of decrease each others effect and
also that whoever pulls or pushes more strongly, directs the object. Human
cant snatch object from someone stronger than him, that is if his pull is
weaker he wont win Now he would pull a boulder up yet it wouldnt come
out, so someone must be pulling the boulder down. Likewise, things until
pushed or pulled would stay where they are, therefore things when released
go down so someone must be pulling them down. Complication arose
because there is no visible or physical rope attached to pull down..
No smooth pulley apparatus was available whatever was had good
amounts of friction
So lifting an object via rope would require a little
more effort that it otherwise would, but once lifted it required lesser effort to
hold it up. Metrestick and sandclock are taken to be invented.
Conservation of heaviness ::
A pebble always seemed almost as heavy as the last time, it didnt suddenly
become as heavy as a boulder or light as a feather, so heaviness is nearly
the same everytime
Sources of constant force ::

A fixed amount of water or any object serves as source of constant vertical

pull, but this would not be transmissible via rope and pulley as friction would
interfere. Also experiments in vertical direction would be affected by gravity
and 9.8m/secsq is too fast for human eyes,
So let us say human stumbles across a spring, or a glue or elastic leaf or
rubber, when pulled by nearly the same amount, it pulls nearly as much. Let
it be fixed on ground and stretched vertically.
Now since it would pull down any fellow human by nearly same amount
(everyone would, irrespective of the fact that their strengths and muscles
are different, agree that pulling the rubber(s) by certain fixed amount is
tougher for them than lifting one big rock and easier than lifting three big
rocks.. this is interesting as well as important.. if human finds lifting one big
rock difficult, he cannot find lifting two big rocks easier than lifting that one
rock.. infact any increment in heaviness wont make the task easier)
Now, let the rubber assembly be fixed to ground and as before but attached
to a crowbar held at fulcrum and balanced on the other end.. Now two such
assemblies at twice the distance from fulcrum are needed to balance the
bar, where as only one would suffice if it were at same distance, therefore
for crowbar, the product of distance and multiplicity of rubber assemblies
would stay the same, rubber assembly equivalents for each objects
heaviness and each elastics strength would be tabulated.
Two identical springs would pull twice as much (pulls are additive) ::
The rocks are pulling as much as they always did, lifting rocks of RAE 1,4,7
would require any combination of N springs whose RAE would add upto the
RAE of rocks. How does this prove additivity.. well.. How much is the pull is
measured by RAE,
Say we lift 3 rocks of RAE r1, r2 & r3 let us say the total pull required to lift
them is given by a function F3(r1,r2,r3) experimenting and tabulating the
data shows F3 = r1+r2+r3..
Similarly lifting 4 rocks, requires F4(r1,r2,r3,r4) here also it turns out that F4
= r1+r2+r3+r4
Similarly for all verifiable N, the total RAE required FN(r1,r2rN) = r1+r2+
+rN
So for all verifiable N, the pulls r1,r2 rN were infact additive as total pull
was always and only the sum of individual pulls. Therefore in general the
pulls/pushes (forces) are additive.

How much water to make the bucket vertical

What angle to pull the reel without moving it