07-04-2016 5:54 PM

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
CLASS VII
2016
Nutrition in Plants
1. What are the components of food?
- Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals
2. What is the ultimate source of energy?
- Sun
3. Why is nutrition needed?
OR
What are the functions of food?
OR
Why do organisms need to take food?
1. To build their bodies, to grow
2. To repair damaged cells and tissues of the body.
3. Provide energy to carry out life processes.
4. It provides us energy to do work.
5. For growth and development
6. For reproduction, excretion and response to stimuli.
7. Helps to keep the body healthy.
4. Define:
a) Nutrition The process of intake of food and using it (utilising it) for obtaining energy.
b) Nutrients Components of food such as carbohydrates, fasts, proteins, vitamins and
minerals are
called nutrients.
c) Autotroph - Organisms which can make their own food are called autotrophs. Eg:
Green Plants
d) Autotrophic mode of Nutrition - Mode of nutrition in which the organism make
their own food using inorganic materials (CO 2 water and minerals).
e) Heterotrophic Mode of nutrition Mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot
make its own food and is directly or indirectly dependent on others for food.
Eg: Animals and non green plants
f) Saprotrophs - Plants which take nutrition from dead or decaying plants.
g) Photosynthesis The process by which green plants make their own food using
CO2 and in the presence of sunlight.
h) Non- green plants - A plant which lacks chlorophyll is called non-green plant.
i)

Host - An organism which provides shelter and nutrition to another organism is

called a host.
Eg: in parasites

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM

AUTOTROPHIC MODE OF NUTRITION

5. Why green plants (autotrophs) are also called PRODUCERS?
- Green plants are also called producers because they produce food for all living
organisms.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6. Define Photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using
CO2 and water in the presence of sunlight.
7. What are the raw materials required for photosynthesis and from where do
they get them?

Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight

- Carbon dioxide is taken from the air through Stomata.
- Water is taken from the soil and transported to leaves by Xylem.
- Sunlight is obtained from sun by Chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll is present in leaves.
8. Who are green plants?
- Green plants are the plants that contain a green pigment called chlorophyll.
9. What are the final products of photosynthesis?
- Glucose and oxygen

10. Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in

green plants.
OR
Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food.
1. Carbon dioxide from air is taken in through stomata.
2. Green plants contain Chlorophyll which traps solar energy.
3. This energy is converted into chemical energy which is stored as food.
4. Carbon dioxide and water combine to in the presence of sunlight to form Glucose and
Oxygen.
5. Oxygen is released in air and Glucose is stored as starch in leaves.
Here the carbohydrates ultimately get converted into starch

11.

What is Chlorophyll?
- Chlorophyll is the green coloured pigment present in green leaves
(chloroplast).

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM
12.

What is the function of:

a) Chlorophyll - absorbs the sunlight for photosynthesis.

b) Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to upper parts of the plant.
c) Stomata Helps in the exchange of gases (Oxygen and Carbon dioxide)
Absorb carbon dioxide from air for photosynthesis.
13.

Why do leaves look green?

- Leaves look green because of the presence of chlorophyll, which is a green
pigment.

14.

What are Stomata?

- The small pores present on the lower surface of leaf, are called stomata.
-

FUNTION OF STOMATAStomata help in exchange of gases.

Helps the plant to respire.

15.

What is the function of Guard cells in stomata?

- Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

16.

How water is transported to the leaves?

- Water is transported to the leaves through pipe like structures from the roots of
plant.
- Roots absorb water and minerals dissolved in soil using root hairs.
- These are transported to the leaves through a tissue called xylem.

SYNTHESIS OF PLANT FOOD OTHER THAN CARBOHYDRATES

17.
What are the nutrients other than carbohydrates which are required by
plants?
- Proteins and fats

18.

From where do plants obtain nitrogen?

- From the soil

19.

Which microorganism helps to provide nitrogen to the plants?

OR
Which organism helps to replenish soil?
- Rhizobium

20.

How does plant obtain Nitrogen from soil?

- Rhizobium a bacteria converts the atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form
which can be absorbed by plants.

21.

Why some plants are called parasites?

- Some plants are unable to prepare their own food and need to take food from
another plant. Hence, they are called parasites

HETEROTROPHIC MODE OF NUTRITION

Heterotrophic mode of Nutrition
Mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make its own food and is directly or
indirectly dependent on others for food.
Eg: Animals and non green plants
Heterotrophs Organisms that exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

22.

Why non green plants cannot do photosynthesis?

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM

Because they do not contain chlorophyll.

Parasitic plants

Parasites Plant which lives on another living plant and takes nutrition from it.

Eg; Cuscuta and Mistletoe

Cuscuta pale yellow twining plant seen on tree tops.
It absorbs nutrients from tree using special roots.
Rafflesia a parasitic plant, found in Malaysia. It has biggest and heaviest flower.
Diameter of flower ------- (more than 1 metre)
Weight --------- (approx 10 kg)

Host The plant from which the parasites derives/obtain its nutrition.

23.

What are Partial Parasites?

-

Plants which can prepare their own food but depend on other plants for
water and minerals.
Eg: Mistletoe

Insectivorous plant
24.

What is an insectivorous plant?

- Plants which feed on insects by trapping and digesting them are called
insectivorous plants.
Example --- Pitcher plant, Venus Fly trap, Bladderwort, Drosera, Rafflesia

25.

Why does a plant eat insects?

- Plants living in marshy areas do not get nitrogen from the soil.
- To fulfil their nitrogenous need, they eat insects.

26.

How does pitcher plant obtain nutrition?

- In a pitcher plant, leaf is modified into pitcher like structure.
- The pitcher is complete with a lid and inside are hair-like structures.
- When an insect sits in the pitcher, the lid closes and the trapped insect gets
entangled into the hair.
- The insect is digested by the digestive juices secreted in the pitcher.

Saprotrophs
27.

What do you understand by saprotrophs?

- An organism which feed on dead and decaying matter are called saprotrophs.
Eg: Fungi and bacteria
Mushrooms, bread moulds and yeast.

28.

How do Saprotrophs obtain nutrition?

- Saprotrophs release digestive juices outside their bodies on dead and decaying
matter.
- These juices act on organic matter and convert into liquid form.
- They then absorb this liquid and obtain nutrition from it.

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM

29.
30.

Saprophytes grow in which type of places?

- Saprophytes grow in humid and hot conditions.
How Fungus grows?
- Fungal spores are floating freely in the air.
- When they find wet and warm surface, they land and grow there.
Eg: Fungi grow on clothes, shoes, pickles and other articles.

Symbiotic Plants
31.

Define symbiosis.
- It is a relationship between two organisms in which both may mutually benefit
from each other (by sharing shelter and food). Is called Symbiosis.
Eg: Lichen ----- a relationship between Algae and Fungi.

32.

What is Lichen?
- Lichen is an association (symbiotic relationship) between algae and fungi.

Algae ------ Manufacture food (because it is an autotroph)

Fungi ------- Provide water and minerals & shelter to algae (because it is a saprophyte)
33.

Give two examples of Symbiosis.

1. Lichen (a relationship between Algae and Fungi)

2. Rhizobium
- It is found in Root nodules of leguminous plants.
- Gets food and shelter from the plant.
- It fixes atmospheric nitrogen for the plant.
34.
How do nutrients get replenished in the soil?
There are two main means through which nutrients get replenished in the soil.
1. Nitrogen fixation in soil--replenishes nitrogenous nutrients in the soil.
2. Decomposition of dead remains of plants and animals (or farm waste) replenishes
nutrients in the soil.
1. By spreading manure or fertilizers that contain nutrients such as nitrogen in the fields
2. The bacterium Rhizobium that can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a
soluble form.
35.

What is Rhizobium?
- Rhizobium is a bacterium which helps in replenishment of soil.
- It is found in Root nodules of leguminous plants.
- Gets food and shelter from the plant.
- It fixes atmospheric nitrogen for the plant.

36.

How does Rhizobium help farmers?

- By helping in nitrogen fixation, rhizobium increases soil fertility and thus helps
farmers

37.

Why do farmers prefer to sow leguminous plants?

- Leguminous plants contain Rhizobium.
- Rhizobium fixes nitrogen for the plant and help in replenishment of lost

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM
38.

Why do farmers add nitrogenous fertilizers to the soil?

- Farmers add nitrogenous fertilizers to soil to fulfill the nitrogen requirement of
the plants.
- Nitrogen is necessary to synthesise proteins.

39.
40.

nutrient in the soil.

Thus it improves soil fertility.

In which form do plants absorb nitrogen?

Plants absorb soluble form of nitrogen.

Why is Nitrogen important for the plant?

Nitrogen is essential for1. Growth of plant
2. Synthesis of proteins.

NCERT Solution

41.

How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?

1. Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on the leaves.

2. Appearance of a blue-black colour indicates presence of starch in the leaves

42.

Name the following:

(a) A parasitic plant with yellow, slender and tubular stem.

----------- Amarbel
(Cuscuta)
(b) A plant that has both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of
nutrition.----------- Pitcher plant
(c) The pores through which leaves exchange gases.-----------------Stomata

43.

How humans and animals are are directly or indirectly dependent on plants?

1. All living organisms require food.

2. Plants can make their food themselves but animals including humans cannot.
3. They get it from plants or animals that eat plants.
4. Thus, humans and animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants

44.
Why leaves are called the food factories of plants?
WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

EMAIL AT:

07-04-2016 5:54 PM

45.

Only certain part of plant like leaves have green pigment chlorophyll required
for making food.
So Leaves are called the food factories of plants.

Differentiate between Parasites and Saprotrophs.

Parasites

Saprotrophs

Feed on a living organism.

Feed on dead and decaying

organism.

Organism on which it feeds is

called host.

Do not feed on a living organism.

Takes readymade food from the

organism on which it feeds.

Secrete digestive juices on which

they live and convert it and then
absorb it.

Eg: Cuscuta

Eg: Mushroom

46.Why are Algae green in colour?

47.What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?
EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF NUTRITION
MODE OF
NUTRITION

CLASSIFICATION

Autotrophic

ORGANISM

Green Plants

Heterotrophic
Parasitic

Insectivorous

Saprophytes

WEBSITE
www.rksa.bravesites.com
sonurk.sharma@gmail.com

Cuscuta
Rafflesia
Mistletoe
Pitcher plant
Venus fly
Bladderwort
Fungi
Bacteria
Mushrooms
Bread moulds
Yeast

EMAIL AT: