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-SESSION NOTES-
Contents
1. Welcome to the course.............................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Brief History of Arabic .......................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Modern Standard Arabic vs Classical Arabic ....................................................................... 2
2. The Arabic Alphabet................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Letters of the Arabic alphabet ............................................................................................. 3
2.2. Transliteration Chart............................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Pronunciation of Letters ....................................................................................................... 5
2.4. Makhrij ................................................................................................................................ 6
3. Unit One : Greeting and Acquainting Oneself .......................................................................... 11
3.1. Conversation One Masculine .......................................................................................... 11
3.2. Conversation One Feminine ............................................................................................ 11
3.3. Vocabulary .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.4. Phrases and Expressions .................................................................................................... 12
4. Conversation Practice .............................................................................................................. 13
4.1. Talk to a friend .................................................................................................................... 13
Ahlan Wa Sahlan
On behalf of the Islamic Online University, we wish you success and hope you enjoy this
enriching journey with us.
Maas Salmah,
dh
gh
h or t
th
kh
dh
sh
or oo
(vowel)
y
or ee
(vowel)
Fatah
Kasrah
ammah
Shaddah
Sukn
Double letter
Absence of vowel
2.4. Makhrij
The place where the sound of a letter originates from is called the Makhraj. The letters of the
Arabic Alphabet originate from seventeen main Makhrij (plural of Makhraj).
9|
Alif
Pronounced from the emptiness or hollow portion of the mouth - exhaling of air occurs during the
pronunciation and the sound depends on this air being exhaled. As long as the exhaling continues, so does the
pronunciation of the letter. When the exhaling stops, the pronunciation also stops.
9|
Hamzah
Pronounced from the bottom (or back) of the throat, near the chest
1|
Pronounced from the moist part of the lips - the sound is obtained by bringing the lips together.
3|
Pronounced when the tip of the tongue comes in contact with the gum of the front upper incisor teeth
3|
Th
Pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the edge of the front upper incisor teeth - the tip of the tongue
must protrude slightly so as to be visible from outside.
4|
Jeem
Pronounced from the space between the middle of the tongue and the upper palate
8|
7|
Kh
Pronounced from the front (or top) of the throat, the part nearest to the mouth
3|
Dl
Pronounced when the tip (or front) of the tongue comes in contact with the gum of the front upper incisor
teeth
3|
Dhl
Pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the middle part of the front upper incisor teeth
3|
The Makhraj of this letter is similar to the Makhraj of Noon - the tip of the tongue, together with any one side
of the tongue, while rising towards the palate, touches the gums from the incisors to the molars.
3|
Z / Zayn
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the flat portion of the incisors - a small space remains between the
tip of the tongue and the incisor teeth when this letter is pronounced. A whistling sound will be produced.
3|
Seen
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the flat portion of the incisors - a small space remains between the
tip of the tongue and the incisors when this letter is pronounced. A whistling sound will be produced.
4|
Sheen
Pronounced from the space between the middle of the tongue and the upper palate
3|
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the flat portion of the incisors - a small space remains between the
tip of the tongue and the incisors when this letter is pronounced. A whistling sound will be produced.
6|
Pronounced from the left side of the tongue and the left upper molars - it is also correct to pronounce this
letter from the right side of the tongue and the right upper molars.
3|
Pronounced when the tip (or front) of the tongue comes in contact with the roof or gum of the front upper
incisor teeth
3|
Dh
Pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the roof or gum of the front upper incisor teeth
8|
Ayn
7|
Ghayn
Pronounced from the front (or top) of the throat, the part nearest to the mouth
2|
Pronounced when the inner portion of the lower lip comes in contact with the edge of the upper front teeth
5|
Qf
Pronounced from the back of the tongue and the upper palate in front of the Uvula. (The Uvula is the pendant,
fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate).
5|
Kf
Pronounced from the back of the tongue and the soft palate, in front of the Makhraj of Qf
6|
Lm
Pronounced when the tip of the tongue, together with any one side of the tongue, touches the gums from the
front upper incisor teeth (while rising towards the palate) to the first Pre-Molars.
1|
Meem
Pronounced by bringing the lips together, but not as strong as the Makhraj of B - Meem is pronounced from
the dry part of the lips, whilst B is pronounced from the moist part
3|
Noon
The Makhraj of Noon is similar to that of Lm - the difference is that the tongue will only touch the front upper
incisors, the lateral Incisors, and the canines; but will not touch the first pre-molars.
9|
Pronounced from the bottom (or back) of the throat near the chest.
1|
Ww (WITHOUT MADD)
Pronounced from between the lips - the two lips project forward during the pronunciation
9|
Ww (LETTER OF MADD)
Pronounced from the emptiness or hollow portion of the mouth - exhaling of air occurs during the
pronunciation and the sound depends on this air being exhaled. As long as the exhaling continues, so does the
pronunciation of the letter. When the exhaling stops, the pronunciation also stops.
4|
Y (WITHOUT MADD)
Pronounced from the space between the middle of the tongue and the upper palate
9|
Y (LETTER OF MADD)
1-2 Conv. 1
10
Khaleel
Khlid
Khaleel
Khlid
Khaleel
Khlid
Assalmu Alaykum
Peace be upon you
Wa Alaykumus Salm
And upon you be peace
Ismee Khlid , Masmuka ?
My name is Khlid, what is your name ?
Ismee Khaleel
My name is Khaleel
Kayfa luka ?
How are you?
Bikhayrin , Wal amdulillah. Wa Kayfa luka Anta ?
All well, and all praise to The Almighty. And how are you ?
Bikhayrin , Wal amdulillah
All well, and all praise to The Almighty.
Khadeejah
Khowlah
Khadeejah
Khowlah
Khadeejah
Khowlah
Assalmu Alaykum
Peace be upon you
Wa Alaykumus Salm
And upon you be peace
Ismee Khowlah, Masmuki ?
My name is Khowlah, what is your name ?
Ismee Khadeejah
My name is Khadeejah
Kayfa luki ?
How are you?
Bikhayrin , Wal amdulillah. Wa Kayfa luki Anti ?
All well, and all praise to The Almighty. And how are you ?
Bikhayrin , Wal amdulillah
All well, and all praise to The Almighty.
11
3.3. Vocabulary
The peace
As Salmu
A name
Ismun
What ?
How ?
Kayfa
A condition
lun
You (masculine)
Anta
You (feminine)
Anti
Goodness
Khayrun
As Salmu Alaykum
My name is
Ismee
...
Masmuka ?
Kayfa luka ?
All well
Bikhayrin
12
4. Conversation Practice
4.1. Talk to a friend
Approach your friend and do the following:
Greet him/her
Introduce yourself by saying your name
Ask him/her his/her name
Ask him/her how he/she is doing
13