Tamil

Tamil
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© mT];jpNuypa nghJey muR 2007
,t;ntspaPL gjpg;Ghpik cilaJ.
gjpg;Ghpik rl;lk; 1968 ,d; fPo; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xU gad;ghl;bw;fd;wp ,jd; ve;jnthU
gFjpAk; vt;tpjj;jpYk; nghJey murpd; mDkjpapd;wp kPs;gpuRupf;fg;glyhfhJ.
kPs;gpuRuk; kw;Wk; cupikfs; gw;wpa Ntz;LNfhs;fs;> tprhuizfs; vd;gd
mDg;gg;glNtz;ba Kftup:
Commonwealth Copyright Administration
Attorney General’s Department
Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit
Barton ACT 2600
my;yJ njuptpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,izajsk; www.ag.gov.au/cca
ISBN 978 1 921446 55 9

xf;Nlhgh; 2007 ,y; gpuRupf;fg;gl;lJ
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Nkw;nfhs;syhk; www.immi.gov.au
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,izaj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
1
mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fs; gw;wpa thf;F%yq;fs;
(Australian Values Statements)
jw;fhypf kw;Wk; epue;ju tprh tpz;zg;gjhuh;fSf;fhd

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toq;fg;gLtij mT];jpNuypa rKjhak; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;WfpwJ.
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jpfo;fpd;wJ.
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3
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gy;NtW ehLfSk; VNjh xUtifapy; ,tw;iwg; gfph;e;Jnfhs;fpd;w NghjpYk; mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fSk;>

nfhs;iffSk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; jdpj;Jt mikg;Gf;F cfe;jjhf ,iaGgLj;jg;gl;L> cyfpd;
ehyhgf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; te;j kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd FbNawpf@lhf tbikf;fg;gl;Lk;> etPdkag;gLj;jg;gl;Lk; cs;sd.
ntt;NtW kf;fshy; gy;NtW tpjkhf mit ntspg;gLj;jg;gbDk; mjd; mh;j;jk; xd;NwahFk;.
mNghup[pdy; goq;Fb kf;fSk; nlhu]; jPtf kf;fSk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; G+h;tPff; Fbfshth;. mth;fsJ
jdpj;Jtkhd fyhr;rhuKk;> ghuk;ghpaq;fSk; cyfpd; kpfg; goikahdtw;wpy; cs;sitahFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fSk; nfhs;iffSk;
Muk;gf; FbNawpfspy; mjpfkhNdhh; gphpj;jhdpah kw;Wk; mah;yhe;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;. ,e;j Mq;fpNya –

nfy;bag; ghuk;ghpak;> mT];jpNuypahtpd; tuyhW> fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; murpay; ghuk;ghpaq;fspy; mjpKf;fpakhd
njhlh;e;Njh;r;rpahd nry;thf;ifr; nrYj;jp tUfpd;wJ. mjd; gpd;duhd FbtuT miy> Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah> mnkhpf;fh
kw;Wk; [Nuhg;gpa ehLfspy; ,Ue;J fzprkhd njhifapdiu mT];jpNuypahtpy; nfhz;L te;J Nrh;j;jJ. ,th;fs;
midtUk; mT];jpNuypahTf;Fk; mjd; tho;f;if Kiwf;Fk; jkJ jdpj;Jtkhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fpAs;sdh;.
gfph;e;Jnfhs;sg;gLfpd;w ,t;tpOkpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs; tptuj;jpd; Nehf;fk; vy;NyhiuAk; xNu ek;gpf;ifAs;s>
xNu tpjkhdth;fshf khw;Wtjy;y. cz;ikapy;> Rje;jpu rpe;jidAs;s jdpkdpjDf;F kjpg;gspj;jYk;> NtWgl;Lf;
fhzg;gLfpd;w chpikAk; mT];jpNuypa [dehafj;jpd; mbj;jsq;fshFk;.
];jpukhdJk;; capNuhl;lKs;sJk; Ntw;WikapYk; xd;Wgl;lJkhd rKjhankhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fj; Jiz
epd;w mbg;gil tpOkpaq;fisg; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Gjpa FbapUg;ghsh;fSf;F cjTtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; kf;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd Rje;jpuq;fisg; ngw;Ws;sdh;. vdpDk; ,e;j Rje;jpuq;fis mDgtpg;gjpy;
xt;nthUtUk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fSf;F fPo;gbj;J elj;jy; mtrpak;. ,e;j rl;lq;fs; Kiwahd> Rje;jpukhd>
ghJfhg;ghd xU rKjhaj;ijg; Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf> [dehaf Kiwapy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l murhq;fq;fs; %yk;
,aw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
4
• mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fs;
rfy mT];jpNuypah;fSk; gy mbg;gil chpikfisg; ngw;Ws;sdh;. (rl;lj;jpd; tuk;GfSf;F cl;gl;L)
Rje;jpukhfTk; gfpuq;fkhfTk; fUj;J ntspaply;> $l;likg;Gfspy; ,izjy;> $l;lq;fs; elhj;Jjy;>
jhk; tpUk;Gk; kjj;ij topgly;> mT];jpNuypah KOtjpYk; fl;Lg;ghbd;wp rQ;rhpj;jy; Nghd;wd mtw;Ws;
rpythFk;.
• jdpeghpd; rkkhd me;j];J> fd;zpak; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuj;ij kjpj;jy;

rfy mT];jpNuypau;fSk; Rje;jpuKk; rk me;j];JKilath;fs;. mth;fs; gu];guk;; xUtiunahUth;
fz;zpakhfTk;> khpahijahfTk; elhj;j Ntz;Lk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
,d hPjpahd ghugl;r rl;lk; 1975 (Racial Discrimination Act 1975)> ghypd ghugl;r rl;lk; 1984 (Sex
Discrimination Act 1984)> mq;ftPdh; ghugl;r rl;lk; 1992 (Disability Discrimination Act 1992) kw;Wk;
taJg; ghugl;r rl;lk; 2004 (Age Discrimination Act 2004) Nghd;w rl;lq;fspd; fPo; nghJ tho;tpd;
gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; ,dk;> ghy;> mq;ftPdk;> taJ Nghd;wtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rk; fhl;lg;gLtij
nghJeytha rl;lq;fs; jLf;fpd;wd. ,e;j rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapyhd Kiwg;ghLfisf; ifahStjw;nfd>
kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; rk tha;g;G Mizak; (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission)
xd;W cs;sJ.
ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfisj; jPh;g;gjw;fhd topKiwfshf td;Kiw> mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ
,opTgLj;jy; Nghd;wd gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtij mT];jpNuypah;fs; epuhfhpf;fpd;wdh;.
,izaj;jpy; jfty;
kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; rk tha;g;G Mizak; www.hreoc.gov.au
• Ngr;Rr; Rje;jpuk;
rl;lj;jpd; tiuaiwfSf;F cl;gl;l tpjj;jpy;> mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; gw;wpNah> NtW ve;j tptfhuk;
gw;wpNah rKfg; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpNah jhk; rpe;jpg;gij vOjTk; NgrTk; vy;yh mT];jpNuypah;fSf;Fk;
Rje;jpuk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,r;nray; Vida kf;fSf;F Mgj;J Vw;gLj;JtjhfNth ngha;ahd

Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisr; Rkj;JtjhfNth my;yJ mLj;jtuJ fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;ijj; jLg;gjhfNth ,Uj;jy;
$lhJ.
,J mT];jpNuypahtpd; nra;jpj; jhs;fs;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;WKs;s midj;J tif
Clfq;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. murhq;fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis vjph;f;fTk;> rl;lq;fis khw;Wtjw;fhff; gpurhuk;
nra;aTk; mT];jpNuypah;fSf;F Rje;jpuk; cz;L.
Ngr;Rr; Rje;jpukhdJ> jkJ fUj;Jf;fis ntspaplTk;> fUj;Jfisf; fye;jhNyhrpf;fTk; kf;fSf;F
,lkspf;fpwJ. ngha;fs; kw;Wk; jg;ghd jfty;fspypUe;J jdpeghpd; ew;ngaiug; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rl;lq;fs;
cs;sd. fyhrhuk;> ,dk; my;yJ gpd;dzp mbg;gilapy; kw;wth;fSf;nfjpuhf ntWg;Gzh;itj;
J}z;Ltijj; jLf;Fk; tpjj;jpyhd rl;lq;fSk; cs;sd.
• kj Rje;jpuKk; kjr;rhh;gw;w murhq;fKk;

rfy mT];jpNuypah;fSf;Fk; jhk; tpUk;Gk; kjj;ij> mjd; eilKiwfs; mT];jpNuypahtpd; ve;jnthU
rl;lj;ijAk; kPwhjtpjj;jpy; gpd;gw;Wk; Rje;jpuk; cz;L. ve;j kjj;ijAk; gpd;gw;whky; ,Uf;fTk;
mT];jpNuypah;fSf;F Rje;jpuk; cz;L. kj hPjpahd rfpg;Gj;jd;ikapd;ik mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhj xd;whFk;.
5
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; kjr; rhh;gw;wJ. mq;F cj;jpNahfG+h;t my;yJ mur kjk; vd;W vJTk; fpilahJ.
murhq;fq;fs; jk; gpuirfis vt;tpj rka NtWghLkpd;wp rkkhfNt elj;Jfpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; kjhPahd rl;lq;fs; rl;l me;j];Jiladty;y. ghuhSkd;wk; ,aw;wpa rl;lq;fs; kl;LNk
mq;F eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk;;> cjhuzkhf tpthfuj;J tplaq;fs;. rpy kj hPjpahd my;yJ fyhrhu
hPjpahd eilKiwfshd ,Ujhu kzk; (xNu Neuj;jpy; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;lth;fis kzKbj;jy;) Nghd;wd
mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fSf;F KuzhditahFk;.
• $l;Lr; NrUk; Rje;jpuk;

mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;l tifapy;> xd;W Nrh;e;J murhq;fj;Jf;F my;yJ NtW epWtdq;fSf;Fj;
jkJ vjph;g;igj; njhptpf;f mT];jpNuypah;fSf;F Rje;jpuk; cz;L. mj;jifa vjph;g;Gfs; mikjpahd
Kiwapy; kdpjh;fSf;Nfh nrhj;Jf;fSf;Nfh vt;tpj NrjNkh fhaNkh Vw;gLj;jf;$bjhf mikjy; $lhJ.
rl;l hPjpahd ve;j ,af;fj;jpYk; NrUk; my;yJ NruhjpUf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ,J cs;slf;FfpwJ. murpay;
fl;rpfs;> njhopw; rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; r%ff; FOf;fs; vd;gdTk; Nkw;gb ,af;fq;fs; my;yJ FOf;fspy;
mlq;Ffpd;wd.
• ghuhSkd;w [dehafj;Jf;Fk; rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;Fk; MjuT

toq;Fjy;
mT];jpNuypah ghuhSkd;w [dehafj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. mjhtJ> ehL eph;tfpf;fg;gLtjpYk; mT];jpNuypa
rKjhaj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JtjpYk; mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; gq;nfLf;fpd;wdu;. murhq;fq;fs;
rfy kf;fSf;Fk; gjpyspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;lq;fis tFf;Fk; mjpfhuk; my;yJ
mj;jifa mjpfhuj;ij vtUf;Fk; toq;Fk; mjpfhuk; ngw;w epWtdq;fs; kf;fshy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l
ghuhSkd;wq;fNsahFk;.
murhq;fq;fs; ];jhgpj;j rl;lq;fSf;F mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s xt;nthUtUk; fPo;g;gba Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw>
rfy mT];jpNuypah;fSf;Fk; rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhz;ik %ykhd ghJfhg;G fpilf;fpwJ. vtUk; mjhtJ
murpay;thjpfs;> fhty; Jiwapdh; Nghd;w mjpfhug; gjtpfisg; ngw;wth;fSk; rl;lj;jpypUe;J tpjptpyf;F
ngw;wth;fNsh> ‘rl;lj;jpw;F Nkk;gl;lth;fNsh’ my;yh;.
• rl;lj;Jf;F Kd; rfyUk; rkk;

vy;yh mT];jpNuypah;fSk; rl;lj;Jf;F Kd; rkkhth;. mjhtJ> vtUk; mtuJ rhjp> ,dk;> gpwe;j ehL>
taJ> ghypdk;> Fbapay; epiy> mq;ftPdk; my;yJ murpay;> kj ek;gpf;iffs; vdgtw;wpd; mbg;ilapy;
kw;wth;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;jp elhj;jg;glf;$lhJ. mur epWtdq;fSk; RahjPd tof;F kd;wq;fSk;
rfyiuAk; rhprkkhf elj;j Ntz;Lk;.
rhprkkhf elj;jg;gLjy; vd;gjd; mh;j;jk;> njhopy; tha;g;Gg; ngWjy;> juKah;j;jg;gLjy; vd;gd>
rk;ge;jg;gl;ltuJ jpwik> Mw;wy;> mDgtk; Nghd;wtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mika Ntz;LNkad;wp>
mJ mtuJ fyhrhug; gpd;dzpia my;yJ murpay; ek;gpf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhf mikjy;
$lhJ vd;gNjahFk;. NkYk; xUtuJ ,dk;> epwk;> kjk;> ghypdk; my;yJ tpthfkhd epiy Nghd;wtw;wpd;
mbg;gilapy; xU tpahghu epiyaNkh> N`hl;lNyh my;yJ NtnwhU Nrit ikaNkh jkJ Nritia
vtUf;Fk; toq;f kWj;jy; $lhJ.
• Mz; ngz; rkj;Jtk;

mT];jpNuypahtpy; Mz; ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; rk chpikfs; cz;L. njhopy;fisAk;> gjtpfisAk; Mz;
ngz; NtWghbd;wp midtUk; ngwyhk;. ,uhZtj;jpYk; Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; gzpGhpa KbAkhapUg;gNjhL
murhq;fj;jpYk; mth;fs; gjtp tfpf;fyhk;.
6
• rk tha;g;Gk; mNgjthj czh;Tk;
rktha;g;G toq;fg;gLtijAk; ‘fair go’ vd mbf;fb Fwpg;gplg;gLk; epaha topiaAk; mT];jpNuypah;fs;
ntFthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;. mjhtJ xUth; jk; tho;tpy; milag;ngWfpd;w rhjidfs; mtuJ jpwik> Kaw;rp>
fbd ciog;G vd;gtw;wpd; gpujpgydhf mika Ntz;LNkad;wp> mtuJ gpwg;G my;yJ gf;fr;rhh;ghd
rYifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mikjy; $lhJ.
mT];jpNuypah;fs; gu];gu khpahij> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> epahak; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa mNgjthj
czh;itf; nfhz;lth;fs;. ,jd; mh;j;jk; rfyUk; xNu khjpupahdth;fs; my;yJ rk mstpyhd nry;tk;
my;yJ nrhj;jpidg; ngw;Ws;sdh; vd;gjy;y. mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpy; vt;tpj rk;gpujha tFg;G
Ntw;WikfSk; ,Uj;jyhfhJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
• mikjp Ngzy;
mT];jpNuypah; jkJ mikjpahd rKjhaj;ijg; gw;wp ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. vj;jifa khw;wq;fSk;
mikjp topj; J}z;Ljy;> fye;Jiuahly; kw;Wk; [dehaf topKiwfspd; mbg;gilapNyNa ,lk; ngw
Ntz;Lk; vd mth;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh;. kf;fsJ mgpg;gpuhaq;fisNah my;yJ rl;lq;fisNah khw;Wtjw;F
td;Kiwiag; gpuNahfpg;gij mth;fs; mq;fPfhpg;gjpy;iy.
,e;j tpOkpaq;fSld;> nghJ eyid ehLtNjhL my;yy; gLNthUf;F fUiz fhl;LtjpYk; mT];jpNuypah;fs;
ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
mT];jpNuypah;fs;; kj;jpapy; ,Wf;fkhd r%fg; gw;Wzh;T fhzg;gLtNjhL mth;fs; jhk; thOk; rKjhaj;ij
Kd;Ndw;wp Nkk;gLj;j Kidfpd;wdh;.
gy mT];jpNuypah;fs;; jkJ ehshe;j tho;tpy; rKjhaj;Jf;nfdj; jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;Ffpd;wdh;. Rw;Wg; Gwr;
#oiyg; ghJfhj;jy;> nghJ eyidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L NjitahdNghJ ifnfhLj;jy;> ,ize;J nraw;gly;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; ,jid mth;fs; ntspf;fhl;Lth;.
kw;wth;fSf;F> Fwpg;ghf my;yy;gLNthUf;F cjtpf; fuk; ePl;bj; Jiz epw;Fk; cWjpahd ‘Njhoikg;’ (mateship)
ghuk;ghpak; mT];Nuypahtpy; cz;L. ,t;thW Jiz epw;gth; ngUk;ghYk; xU ez;guhf ,Ug;ghh;. vdpDk; mth; xU

tho;f;ifj; JizahfNth> gq;fhsuhfNth> rNfhjuuhfNth> rNfhjhpahfNth> kfshfNth kfdhfNth$l ,Uf;fyhk;.
mj;jifath; Xh; mwpKfkw;w Gjpatuhff;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. r%f Nrit> jd;dhh;tj; njhz;L Nghd;wd gw;wpa gykhd
ghuk;gupaKk; mth;fsplj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
,q;F NkNy Fwpg;gplg;;gl;l tpOkpaq;fs; gy;yhz;L fhykhf mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpduhy; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;L
Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;litahFk;. tpj;jpahrkhd ,dq;fisAk; fyhrhug; ghuk;ghpaq;fisAk; nfhz;l kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd
kf;fis ntw;wpfukhf tuNtw;Wf; Fbakh;j;jp mth;fisr; r%fj;jpd; mq;fkha; khw;Wtjpy; ,t;tpOkpaq;fs; ngUk;
Jizaha; mike;Js;sd.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; fyhr;rhug; gd;Kfj;jd;ikahdJ capNuhl;lKs;s rKjhaj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;w xU rf;jpahFk;.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;l tifapy; jj;jkJ fyhrhuk; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;iffis ntspg;gLj;Jk; chpik rfy
mT];jpNuypah;fSf;FKz;L.
mNjNtis> mT];jpNuypahTf;Fk;> mjd; rl;lq;fSf;Fk;> tpOkpaq;fSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; mjpAah;e;j gw;WWjpiar;
nrYj;jNtz;Lnkd rfy mT];Nuypah;fsplKk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
7
mT];jpNuypah - xNu ghh;itapy;
Gtpapay;
cyfpd; kpfg; gz;ila epyg;gug;Gfspy; mT];jpNuypahTk; xd;whFk;. kf;fs; FbapUf;Fk; cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa jPthd
,J cyfpd; MwhtJ kpfg; nghpa ehlhFk;. mj;Jld; ,J kpfTk; tuz;l G+kpfspy; xd;WkhFk;. ,jd; MW
tpOf;fhL epyg;gug;G kl;LNk gaph;r;nra;iff;F cfe;jJ.
tprhykhd epyg;gug;ig cilajhy;> ,q;F tUNthh; mjd; gUkidAk; xU efuj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU efuj;Jf;Fr;
nry;tjw;F vLf;Fk; ePz;l Neu ,ilntspiaAk; fz;L tpaf;fpd;wdh;. mT];jpNuypah fpof;F Nkw;fhf 4000fpNyh
kPw;wh;fisAk; tlf;F njw;fhf 3700 fpNyh kPw;wh;fisAk; nfhz;lJ. rpl;dpapy; ,Ue;J Ngh;j; efUf;F tpkhdk; %yk;
nry;tjw;F Rkhh; Ie;J kzp Neuk; nry;Yk;.
mT];jpNuypah mjd; nkhj;jg; gug;gstpy; (myh];fh jtph;e;j) If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; epyg; gug;Gf;Fr; rkkhdJ.
,e;jpahitg; Nghd;W ,uz;L klq;if tplg; nghpaJ kw;Wk; If;fpa uhr;rpaj;ijg; Nghd;W 32 klq;F tprhykhdJ.
kf;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; G+h;tPff; Fbfshd mNghhp[pd; vdg;gLk; goq;FbapdUk; nlhu]; jPtf kf;fSk; Rkhh; 40000 Kjy;
60000 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; cs;s Vida kf;fs; Fbte;Njhh; my;yJ Fbte;jth;fsJ guk;giuapdh; Mth;. 1788 Mk; Mz;by;
INuhg;gpah;fsJ FbtuT Muk;gpj;jjpy; ,Ue;J ,Jtiu Rkhh; 200 ehLfisr; Nrhh;e;j kf;fs; ,q;F FbNawpAs;sdh;.
1945k; Mz;by; mT];jpNuypahtpd; rdj; njhif Rkhh; 7 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. mjpypUe;J ,d;W tiu Rkhh;
675000 mfjpfs; mlq;fyhf 6.5 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Gyk;ngaHe;Njhh; mT];jpNuypahtpy; FbNawpAs;sdh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; ,d;iwa kf;fs;njhif 21 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,th;fspy; 43 rjtPjkhNdhh; ntspehLfspy;
gpwe;jth;fs; my;yJ mtu;fsJ ngw;Nwhhpy; xUth; ntspehLfspy; gpwe;jth; Mth;.
vy;yh tpj kj> ,d> rhjp> r%fg; gpd;dzpfisf; nfhz;Ls;s mT];jpNuypahh;fs; If;fpakhfTk;> rkhjhdkhfTk;
tho;fpd;wdh;.
gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w tpOkpaq;fs;

mT];jpNuypahTf;Ff; Fbte;jth;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W tpj;jpahrkhd fyhrhu kw;Wk; rkag; gpd;dzpfisf;
nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk; mth;fs; xNu ehl;by; FbNawp> gue;Jgl;l xU rKjhaj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhf ,uz;lwf;
fye;Js;sdh;. kWGwj;jpy; r%f> fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; nghUshjhu hPjpahf mth;fs; toq;fpa gq;fspg;gpy; mT];jpNuypah
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypah – xNu ghh;itapy;
tskile;Js;sJ.
,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd; Kf;fpa rpwg;gk;rk;> mq;Fs;s kf;fspd; fyhrhu gy;ypdj; jd;ik kl;Lkd;wp>
mT];jpNuypah kPjhd mghpkpjkhd> midj;ijAk; fle;j xU tpRthrg; gw;WWjp %yk; mth;fs; If;fpag;gl;bUf;Fk;
tpjKkhFk;;. ey;y mayth;fshff; $btho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mT];jpNuypah;fs; jkJ jdpg;gl;;l NtWghLfis
cjwpj;; js;spAs;sdh;.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpd; tuk;GfSf;Fs; epd;W> jkJ fyhrhuj;ijAk; ek;gpf;iffisAk; ntspaplTk;>
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa tho;tpy; Rje;jpukhfg; gq;nfLf;fTk; mT];jpNuypah; midtUk; chpik nfhz;Nlhuhth;.
mNjNtis> mwpKfk; gFjpapy; tpsf;fg;gl;l> mT];jpNuypa tho;f;ifKiwf;F Mjhukhf mikfpd;w
gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;glf;$ba tpOkpaq;fisAk; nfhs;iffisAk; Ngz Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; xt;nthUtuplKk;
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
8
RahjPd Njrk;
mT];jpNuypah rf;jp tha;e;j nghUshjhuj;ijf; nfhz;l RahjPdkhd ntspAyif Nehf;Fk; xU NjrkhFk;. mjd;
[dehaf epWtdq;fs;> fyhrhu gy;ypdj;jd;ik> Mf;fG+h;tkhd rh;tNjr kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa cwTfs; gw;wpa gjpTfs;
vd;gd cyf tptfhuq;fspy; mjd; <Lghl;ilf; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
fhj;jpukhd> rthy; kpf;f xU #oypy;> mT];jpNuypah jdJ cyfshtpa nghWg;Gfisf; Ngzpf; nfhz;L> jdJ
Njrpa eyd;fis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,Ujug;G> gy;jug;G> kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa cghaq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
tYthd nghUshjhuk;
mT];jpNuypah> jpwe;jJk;> nefpo;r;rpAk; Nghl;bj; jd;ikiaAk; nfhz;l xU rf;jpkpf;f re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;ijf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjd; ];jpukhdJk; etPd epWtdkakhdJkhd fl;likg;G> th;j;jf eltbf;iffSf;F ek;gpf;ifAk;>
rh;tNjr KjyPLfSf;F cw;rhfKk; mspf;Fk; #oiyAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.
mT];jpNuypah xU gpujhdkhd gpuhe;jpa nghUshjhu ikakhFk;. mJ> ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L
Nghf;Ftuj;J mikg;GfisAk;> rh;tNjr juj;jpyhd jfty; kw;Wk; jfty; ghpth;j;jid njhopy;El;gj;ijAk;> rpwg;Gj;
jpwikAk; gd;nkhopg; ghz;bj;jpaKk; nfhz;l njhopyhsh;fisAk;> rl;l tpjpKiwfs; nfhz;l mikg;igAk;
nfhz;ljha; tpsq;FfpwJ. mT];jpNuypahtpd; gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ (stock exchange)> re;ij %yjdk; %yk;
gl;bayplg;gl;l cyfpd; vl;lhtJ gq;Fg; ghpth;j;jidahFk;.
cyfshtpa th;j;jpfj;jpy; mT];jpNuypah Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;F tfpf;Fk; xU ehlhFk;. mjd; ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk;
Nritfspd; ,U jug;G th;j;jfk; $400 gpy;ypad;fSf;Fk; mjpfk; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,J cyf th;j;jfj;jpy;
Rkhh; xU tpOf;fhl;bw;Fr; rkkhFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpujhd th;j;jfg; gq;fhsp [g;ghd; MFk;. mjidaLj;J rPdh>
mnkhpf;fh> rpq;fg;G+h;> gphpj;jhdpah nfhhpaf; FbauR vd;gd ,lk; tfpf;fpd;wd.
,izaj;jpd; %yk; jfty;

• mT];jpNuypa Gs;sptpgu gzpafk; www.abs.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa murhq;f jfty; kw;Wk; Nritfs; www.australia.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa murhq;f nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; fyhrhu Eiothapy; www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au
• ntspehl;L tptfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; th;j;jf jpizf;fsk; www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypah – xNu ghh;itapy;
9
rpy jfty; tptuq;fs;
Njrpa jiyefuk; fd;nguh
epyg;gug;G 7.74 kpy;ypad; rJu fpNyh kPw;wh;fs;

gpujhd epyj;jpd; flw;fiuNahuk; 35877 fpNyh kPw;wh;
ehl;bw;F mg;ghy; cs;s jPTfisAk; 59736 fpNyhkPw;wh;
cs;slf;fpa fiuNahuk;
gaphplj; jFe;j G+kpapd; rjtPjk; 6 tpOf;fhL
rdj;njhif 21 kpy;ypad;
ntspehLfspy; gpwe;Njhh; rjtPjk; Rkhh; 22 tpOf;fhL
nkhop Mq;fpyk;
tPl;by; ,uz;lhk; nkhopnahd;W NgRNthh; 15 tpOf;fhL

rjtPjk;
gzk; mT];jpNuypa lhyh; (A$)
gpujhd th;j;jfg; gq;fhspfs; [g;ghd;> rPdh> If;fpa mnkhpf;fh> rpq;fg;G+h;> If;fpa

uhr;rpak;> nfhhpa FbauR.
njhopyhsh; gil 10.28 kpy;ypad;
Neuk; - mT];jpNuypahtpy; %d;W jsNeug; fpof;F: fpwPd; tpr; Neuk; + 10

gFjpfs; cs;sd kj;jpa: fpwPd; tpr; Neuk; + 9.5
Nkw;F: fpwPd; tpr; Neuk; + 8
gfw;fhyj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; Neukhw;wk; gfw;fhyj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; Neukhw;wk; epA+ rt;j; Nty;]>;

(jsNeuk; + 1) njd; mT];jpNuypah> j];Nkdpah> tpf;Nlhhpah kw;W
Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah mfpait mf;Nlhgh; Muk;gj;jpy;
my;yJ ,Wjpapy; ,Ue;J khh;r; KbAk; tiu
filg;gpbf;fpd;wd.
Kf;fpa jpdq;fs;
Njrpa jpdk; - mT];jpNuypa jpdk; [dthp 26
<];lh; gz;bif xt;nthU tUlKk; khh;r; ,Wjpf;Fk; Vg;uy; ,Wjpf;Fk;
,ilapy;
md;nrf; jpdk; Vg;uy; 25
epidTj; jpdk; etk;gh; 11
fpwp];k]; jpdk; brk;gh; 25
10
Njrpa milahsq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; ngah;
‘njw;ifr; rhh;e;j’ vd;W nghUs; gLk; mT];jpNuyp]; (Australis) vDk; yj;jPd; nkhopr; nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;J
mT];jpNuypah vDk; ngah; cUntLf;fpwJ. fz;lwpag;glhj ghupa njw;F epyg;gug;G (Terra Australis Incognita) xd;W
,Ug;gjhf xU goq;fij gy E}w;whz;L fhykhfNt epytp te;jJ. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;ijg; gw;wp Muha;r;rp nra;tfw;fhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l flw; gpuahzq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fspy; ,J gw;wp Fwpg;gpg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mT];jpNuypahitr; Rw;wp flw;gpuahzk; Nkw;nfhz;l kj;jpt; gpypz;lh;]; (Matthew Flinders) jdJ mDgtq;fis
‘njw;F epyj;jpw;Nfhh; flw;gazk;’ (A Voyage to Terra Australis) vd;w ngaupy; 1814 ,y; ntspapl;ljpy; ,Ue;J
mT];jpNuypah vDk; ngah; gpugy;ak; milaj; njhlq;fpaJ. mth; mT];jpNuypah vDk; gjj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;jpUe;jhh;.
mjd; gpwF MSeh; nyf;yhd; kf;$hP (Lachlan Macquarie) jdJ cj;jpNahfG+h;t mwpf;iffspy; ,g; ngaiug;
ghtpj;jNjhL ,g;ngaiu Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; rpghh;R nra;jhh;. ,e;jf; fz;lk; cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhf mT];jpNuypah vd;W
ngahplg;gLtjw;F gphpj;jhdpaf; flw;Jiw eph;thfk; 1824 ,y; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpaJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpaf; nfhb

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpaf; nfhb Kjd; Kiwahf 1901k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 3 Mk; jpfjpad;W nky;Ngh;dpy;
Vw;wp itf;fg;gl;lJ. fLk; ePyg; gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;l ,f; nfhbapd; ,lJ Nky; %iyapy;> mT];jpNuypahtpy;
gphpj;jhdpaf; FbNaw;w tuyhw;iw mq;fPfhpf;Fk; tifapy;> gphpj;jhdpaf; nfhbapd; milahsk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
njw;Fr; rpYit el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;jpd; Ie;J el;rj;jpuq;fs;> njd;diuf; Nfhsj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; Gtpapay;
epiyia vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. 1908 ,y; MW khepyq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; MW Kid el;rj;jpuk; ePf;fg;gl;L> mjw;Fg;
gjpyhf VO Kid el;rj;jpuk; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ. VohtJ Kid ,uz;L vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; xt;nthU khepyKk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaKk; jkf;NfAhpa nfhbfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.
nghJeytha kuGupikr; rpd;dk; (Commonwealth Coat of Arms)

mT];jpNuypa nghJeytha murpd; mjpfhuj;ijAk;> jd;ikiaAk; milahsg;gLj;Jk;
nghJeytha kuGupikr; rpd;dk;> 1912 ,y; Ie;jhtJ N[hh;[; kd;duhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
mT];jpNuypah MW khepyq;fisf; nfhz;l rk~;b vd;gijf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; mtw;wpd;
rpd;dq;fisf; nfhz;l Nflak; mjpy; cz;L. jq;f nthl;y; (mT];jpNuypahtpd; kyh;r;
rpd;dk;)> fq;fh&> vKA gwit vd;gtw;iwAk; mjpy; fhzyhk;.
Njrpa epwq;fs;
1984 Vg;uypy; ,Ue;J mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa epwq;fshf gr;irAk; jq;f epwKk; ,Ue;JtUfpd;wd.
kyh;r; rpd;dk;
1988k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J ‘Mnfrpah gpf;ehe;jh’ (Acacia pycnantha) vDk; ngaiuf; nfhz;l jq;f nthl;y;>
mT];jpNuypahtpd; kyh;r; rpd;dkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
Njrpa khzpf;ff; fy;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa khzpf;fkhf 1993,y; Xgy; (Opal) gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
11
tpyq;Fr; rpd;dk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa tpyq;Fr; rpd;dkhf fq;fh&it mNefh; fUJfpd;wdh;. vdpDk; mt;thW vd;WNk
cj;jpNahfG+h;tkhf gpufldg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
Njrpa jpdk;
KjyhtJ MSeh; Mh;jh; gpypg; 1788 ,y; rpl;dp rpWFlhtpy; te;jpwq;fpa epfo;it epidT+l;Lk; tifapy; Xt;nthU
Mz;Lk; [dthp 26 Mk; jpfjp mT];jpNuypa jpdkhff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.
Njrpa fPjk;
ml;thd;]; mT];jpNuypah /ngahh; (Advance Australia Fair) vDk; fPjj;ij 1878 ,y; gPlh; nlhl;]; nkf;Nfhh;kpf;
vd;gth; ,aw;wpdhh;. 1970 fspy; mJ Njrpa ,irahfp gpd;dh; 1984 Vg;uypy; Njrpa fPjkhf mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ.
Njrpa fPjj;jpd; thrfq;fs; tUkhW:
Australians all let us rejoice, Beneath our radiant Southern Cross
For we are young and free; We’ll toil with hearts and hands;
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil; To make this Commonwealth of ours
Our home is girt by sea; Renowned of all the lands;
Our land abounds in nature’s gifts For those who’ve come across the seas
Of beauty rich and rare; We’ve boundless plains to share;
In history’s page, let every stage With courage let us all combine
Advance Australia Fair. To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing, In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair. Advance Australia Fair.
mT];jpNuypa tpUJfSk; nfsutq;fSk;

Njrj;Jf;Fk; kdpj rKjhaj;Jf;Fk; Mw;wg;gLk; Nritfis mq;fPfhpf;Fk; tifapyike;j ‘mT];jpNuypa Mh;lh;’
(Order of Australia), ‘mT];jpNuypa tPur; rpd;dk;’ (Australian Bravery Decorations) kw;Wk; ‘Njrpa tpUJ’ (National
Medal) Nghd;wd 1975 ,y; cUthf;fg;gl;ljpy; ,Ue;J mT];jpNuypahtpd; jdpj;Jtkhd nfsutpg;G KiwAk;
Muk;gkhfpaJ.
mT];jpNupypahtpd; nfstpuf;Fk; Kiw murpay; nray;thf;Nfh NtW jiyaPLfNyh mw;wJ. ,e;j nfsutj;ijg;
ngw ve;j mT];jpNuypaf; FbkfidAk; r%fj;jpYs;s vtUk; rpghh;R nra;ayhk;. Rje;jpukhd xU FO njhpTfisr;
nra;Ak;.
,j;jifa nfsutq;fs; %yk;> Kd;Djhuzq;fs; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L> Njrpa mgpyhirfSk;> ,yl;rpaq;fSk;
juq;fSk; J}z;lg;gl;L typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wd. khw;wk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w my;yJ jdJ KO Kaw;rpapd; %yKk; rhjid
Ghpfpd;w my;yJ VidatUf;Fg; gzpGhpfpd;wth;fis ,dk; fz;L> nfhz;lhb mth;fSf;F ed;wp njhptpf;Fk; tifapy;
mT];jpNuypah ,e;j nfsutq;fis toq;FfpwJ.
,izaj; jfty;
• mT];jpNuypa tpUJfs; kw;Wk; rpd;dq;fs; www.itsanhonour.gov.au
• gpujk ke;jphpapd; ,yhfh kw;Wk; ke;jphp rig www.dpmc.gov.au
12
13
NjrKk; kf;fSk;
mT];jpNupypah xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l mk;rq;fs; gytw;iwf; nfhz;l jdpj;Jtkhd xU ehL.

cs;sf gpuNjrq;fs; (outback) vd miof;fg;gLk; efuj;jpy; ,Ue;J J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;s fpuhkpag; gFjpfs;>
mT];jpNuypa tuyhw;wpYk; goq;fijfspYk; Kf;fpa ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.
vdpDk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; 21 kpy;ypad; rdj;njhifapy; 75 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; mjpfkhNdhh; efuq;fspYk; Fwpg;ghfj;
jiyefuq;fspYk;> gRikahd fpof;Ff; fiuNahuj;ij mz;ba rkntspapYk;> njd;fpof;Ff; fiuNahuj;jpYk;
tho;fpd;wdh;.
mT];jpNuypah xU ‘,sk;’ ehL vdf; fUfg;gl;lhYk; $l> cyfpd; Vida gy ehLfs; Nghy mjd; ruhrup thOk;
tanjy;iy mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;tjdhy;> tajhNdhupd; rdj;njhifAk; mjpfwpj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. 65 taJf;F
Nkw;gl;Nlhhpd; rdj;njhif 2005 ,y; ,Ue;j 13.1 tpOf;fhby; ,Ue;J 2050 MFk; NghJ 25.7 tpOf;fhL MFk; vd
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;
gpuhe;jpak;/khepyk; rdj;njhif jiyefuk; jiyefu

(kpy;ypad;) rdj;njhif
(kpy;ypad;)
epA+ rt;j; Nty;]; 6.55 rpl;dp 4.12
tpf;Nlhhpah 4.93 nky;gd; 3.59
FaPd;yhe;J 3.90 gphp];gd; 1.76
Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah 1.96 Ngh;j; 1.45
njw;F mT];jpNuypah 1.51 mnliya;l; 1.11
j];Nkdpah 0.48 N`hghh;l; 0.20
mT];jpNuypa jiyefu vy;iyg;

0.32 fd;nguh 0.32
gpuhe;jpak;
tl vy;iyg; gpue;jpak; 0.19 lhh;tpd; 0.11
(%yk;: mT];jpNuypa Gs;sptpguq;fs; gzpkid)

mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | NjrKk; kf;fSk;
jl;gntg;g epiy
mT];jpNuypah cyfpd; mjptuz;l ehLfspy; xd;whFk;. mjd; mNdf cs;sfg; gFjpfs; jl;ilahd> jhprhd> rd
mlh;j;jp Fiwe;j gFjpfshFk;.
vdpDk;> tl mT];jpNuypahtpd; ngUk; gFjp madkz;ly fhyepiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. FaPd;];yhe;jpd; rpy gFjpfs;>
Nkw;F mT];jpNuypahtpd; tl gFjp> tlf;Fg; gpuhe;jpak; vd;gd [dthp Kjy; khh;r; tiuapyhd khhpfhyj;jpy; gUt
kioia xj;j kio tPo;r;rpiag; ngWfpd;wd.
14
mT];jpNuypah xU Gwj;jpy; ciw gdpiaAk; kWGwj;jpy; mdy; jfpf;Fk; ntapiyAk; vd gy;NtW jl;gntg;g
epiyfisAk; mDgtpf;Fk; msTf;F tprhykhd ehlhFk;.
j];Nkdpahtpd; gFjpfSk;> mT];jpNuypa ngUepyg; gug;gpd; njd;fpof;F Nkl;L epyq;fis mz;ba my;igd;
gFjpfSk; mjpfk; Fspuhd gpuNjrq;fshFk;. mt;thNw fz;lj;jpd; kj;jpa Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; mjp$ba ntg;gg;
gFjpfs; cs;sd.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; gUtq;fs; tl miu Nfhsj;jpy; ,Ug;gjw;F Kw;wpYk; KuzhdjhFk;. Nfhil fhyk; brk;gh; Kjy;
ngg;uthp tiuAk;> ,iyAjpu; fhyk; khh;r; Kjy; Nk tiuAk;> Fsph;fhyk; [{d; Kjy; Mf];l; tiuAk;> tre;j fhyk;
nrg;lk;gh; Kjy; etk;gh; tiuapYk; fhzg;gLk;.
mjp Fsph;e;j ruhrhp ntg;g epiy [{iyapy; tUk;. njw;F mT];jpNuypahtpd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpfspy; gfy;
Neu ruhrhp ntg;g epiy 10 kw;Wk; 20 ghif nry;ypa]; (50 kw;Wk; 68 ghif F) MfTk;> tl mad kz;lyj;jpy;
mjp$baJ 20 MfTk; mjp Fiwe;jJ 30 ghif nry;ypa]hfTk; (70 kw;Wk; 80 ghif F) fhzg;gLk;. fiuNahug;
gpuNjrq;fspy; ciw gdp nga;Ak; msTf;F ntg;gepiy FiwtJ mhpjhFk;. Mdhy;> cs;sfg; gFjpfs; gytw;wpy;
Fsph;fhyj;jpy; es;spuTfspy; rpwpjsT ciw gdp nga;tJz;L. my;igd; kiyg; gFjpfspy; ntg;gepiy rhjhuzkhf
0 ghif nry;rpai] tplf; (32F) Fiwe;j mstpy; fhzg;gLk;. tUlj;jpd; gy khjq;fSf;F 1500 kPl;lUf;F Nkw;gl;l
cauKila kiyg; gFjpfspy; gdpg;glyk; ciwe;J fhl;rpaspf;Fk;.
njw;F mT];jpNuypa ntg;gk; $ba khjq;fs; [dthpAk; ngg;uthpAkhFk;. vdpDk; tlf;F mad kz;lyj;jpy;
etk;gUk; brk;gUk; mjpfk; #lhd fhykhFk;. ruhrhp gfy;Neu ntg;gepiy ngUk;ghyhd cs;sf gFjpfspy; 30 ghif
nry;rpa]pw;F NkyhFk; (80 my;yJ 90 ghif F) MFk;. ,J Nkw;F mT];jpNuypahtpd; gFjpfspy; 40 ghif nry;rpa];
(104 F) tiu mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk;. njw;Ff; fiuNahuq;fspYk; Nkl;L epyg; gFjpfspYk; j];NkdpahtpYk; mit
FspuhfNt (20s C/70s my;yJ 80s F) fhzg;gLk;.
,izaj;jpy; jfty; ngw

• thdpiyg; gzpkid www.bom.gov.au
Rw;Wr; #oy;
mT];jpNuypahthdJ xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l epytikg;GfisAk; mrhjhuzkhd jhtu> caphpd tiffisAk;
nfhz;lJ. ,e;jf; #oiyAk; mjd; jdpj;Jtkhd> tskpf;f caphpay; NtWghLfisAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f ehk;
gw;WWjp nfhz;Ls;Nshk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; fz;l epyg;gug;gpy; Rkhh; 10 tpOf;fhL (Rkhh; 77 kpy;ypad; n`f;lahh;) ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrkhFk;.
tlFaPd;];yhe;J fiuNahuj;ij mz;ba fpNul; nghpah; flw;ghiwg; G+q;fhg; gFjp mlq;f Rkhh; 65 kpy;ypad;
n`f;lahh; fly; gFjpAk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; gjpNdO gFjpfs; cyf ghuk;ghpaq;fspd; gl;baypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. fpNul; nghpah; flw;ghiw>
j];Nkdpa fhLfs;> FaPd;];yhe;jpd; Nkw;Ff; fhLfs;> ff;fhL Njrpa tdk;> tl vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa cYU fhl;lh
[_l;lh Njrpa tdk;> mT];jpNuypa kj;jpapy; fpof;fhf mike;Js;s kiof;fhLfs; kw;Wk; Nyhh;l; N`hNt jPTf;
$l;lk; vd;gd mtw;wpy; rpy.

• #oy; kw;Wk; ePh; tsq;fs; ,yhfh www.environment.gov.au
15
Muk;g mT];jpNuypah;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; Muk;gj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j G+h;tPff; Fbfs; mNghhp[pdpfs; vdg;gLk; goq;FbfSk; nlhu]; ePhpizj;
jPtf kf;fSkhth;. ,th;fs; Rkhh; 40000 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf mjhtJ Rkhh; 60000 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh; ,Ue;Nj
,q;F tho;e;J te;Js;sdh;.
KjyhtJ INuhg;gpa FbNawpfs; 1788 ,y; FbNawpa NghJ mT];jpNuypaf; fz;lj;jpy; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpfspy;
Vwj;jho 750000 G+h;tPf kf;fs; gue;J tho;e;jjhff; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
G+h;tPf RNjr mT];jpNuypah;fs; jkf;NfAhpa jdpj;Jtkhd Md;kPf ek;gpf;iffisAk;> g+kp kPjhd gf;jpAk;>
tskhdJk; tpj;jpahrkhdJkhd fyhrhuKk;> cyfpd; kpfg;gioik tha;e;jtw;wpy; xd;nwdf; fUjg;gLk; njhlh;e;Jk;
caph;thOk; fiyg; ghuk;ghpaj;ijAk; nfhz;lth;fshth;.
mth;fs; tho;e;j ,lj;ijg; nghWj;J mth;fsJ tho;f;if Kiw> fyhrhu kuGfs; kw;Wk; nkhopfs; NtWgl;Lf;
fhzg;gl;ld. INuhg;gpah;fsJ FbNaw;wk; njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j RNjr mT];jpNuypah;fs; kj;jpapy; Rkhh; 700
nkhopfSk;> nkhoptof;FfSk; Gof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jd.
flw;gpuahzpfSlDk;> th;j;jfh;fSlDk; xusTf;Fj; njhlh;G itj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; G+h;tPf mT];jpNuypah;fs;>
INug;gpahpd; tUif tiu ngUk;ghYk; Gwj;njhlh;Gfs; mw;w epiyapNyNa tho;e;J te;jdh;.
INuhg;gpah;fSf;Fk;> RNjr G+h;tPff; FbfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Muk;gj; njhlh;Gfspd; NghJ mth;fsJ ghuk;ghpa
tho;f;if KiwfSk; gof;ftof;fq;fSk; ngUk; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shfpd. 19 Mk; kw;Wk; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; RNjr
kf;fspd; rdj;njhif ghhpa mstpy; tPo;r;rp fz;lJ.
1960fs; tiu g+h;tPf mT];jpNuypa fyhrhuj;Jf;Fk; tuyhw;wpw;Fk; mt;thNw mth;fSf;Fhpa FbAhpikAldhd
chpikfs;> flikfs; vd;gtw;wpw;Fk; ve;j mq;fPfhuKk; toq;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. cjhuzkhf> ngluy; Njh;jypy;
thf;fspf;Fk; chpik midj;J G+h;tPff; FbfSf;Fk; 1965 tiu toq;fg;gltpy;iy.
vdpDk; 1967 ,y; ele;j kf;fs; mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;gpd;; NghJ> RNjr mT];jpNuypaUf;fhf rl;lk; tFf;fpd;w
mjpfhuj;ij mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;Jf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Njrpa Fbrdf; fzf;nfLg;gpy; mth;fisAk;
Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gpNuuizf;Fk; Mjuthf 90 rjtPjj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhd mT];jpNuypah;fs; thf;fspj;jdh;. G+h;tPf
kw;Wk; Vida mT];jpNuypah;fspd; gfPujg; gpuaj;jdq;fspd; tpisthfNt ,e;j thf;nfLg;gpy; mNkhf ntw;wp
fpilf;fg; ngw;wJ. RNjr mT];jpNuypah;fspd; tho;f;if epiyfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
Neubahf nraw;gLtijf; fhz;gjw;F mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; nfhz;l Mh;tj;Jf;Ff; fpilj;j gykhd MizahfNt
,J ehnlq;Fk; Nehf;fg;gl;lJ.
,d;W mT];jpNuypahtpd; G+h;tPf RNjr kf;fspd; rdj;njhif Rkhh; 483000 my;yJ nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; 2.3
tpOf;fhL MFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa milahsj;jpy; G+h;tPff; Fbfspd; fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; ,d;wpaikahj
,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. fiy> nra;jp Clfq;fs;> cah;fy;tp> tpisahl;L kw;Wk; tpahghuk; Kjypa gy;NtWgl;l
Jiwfspy; G+h;tpff; FbapdUk;> nlhu]; jPtf kf;fSk; fzprkhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fp tUfpd;wdh;.
rpy gFjpfspy; ,d;Dk; fhzg;gLfpd;w cah;Tjho;T ghugl;rq;fis Kwpabg;gjw;F RNjr kf;fSf;F cjTk;
tifapyhd jpl;lq;fisAk;> nfhs;iffisAk; mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; Nkw;ghh;it nra;J tUfpd;wJ. Rfhjhuk;>
fy;tp> tPl;L trjp> njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mth;fsJ mgptpUj;jpiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;ljhf ,j;jpl;lq;fs;
cs;sd.
G+h;tPf kf;fs; jhk; ghuk;ghpakhfj; njhlh;Ggl;Ls;s epyq;fisg; ngWtij my;yJ jkJ nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> rKf
mgptpUj;jpf;F JizGhpaf; $ba tpjj;jpyhd epyq;fisAk; nrhe;jkhfg; ngWtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; murhq;fk;
gw;WWjp nfhz;Ls;sJ. mT];jpNuypahtpd; 16 tpOf;fhL epyg;gug;ig G+h;tPff; Fbfs; jkJ nrhe;jj;jpy; my;yJ
fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;Js;sdh;. mtw;wpy; mNdfkhdit kpfj; J}ug;gpuNjrq;fshFk;.
16
• FLk;gq;fs;> r%f Nritfs; kw;Wk; G+h;tPff; Fbfs; tptfhuj; jpizf;fsk; www.facsia.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypag; goq;Fbfs; kw;Wk; nlhu]; ePhpizj; jPtf kf;fs; Ma;T epiyak; www.aiatsis.gov.au
Muk;g INuhg;gpah;fs;
`hye;J> Nghh;j;Jf;Nfa> ];ghdpa flw;gpuahzpfs; fz;lwpag; glhj njd;dfj;jpd; (Terra Australis Incognita)
ntt;NtW fiuNahug; gFjpfisf; fz;Zw;wjhf 1600fspy; ,Ue;Nj $wpte;jdh;.
N[k;]; Ff; vDk; Mq;fpNyah; 1770,y; jdJ vd;Nlth; vDk; ngah; nfhz;l fg;gypy; mT];jpNuypaf; fpof;Ff;
fiuapy; gazpj;J mg;gpuNjrj;ij gphpj;jhdpahtpd; Kbf;Fhpa G+kpahff; Nfhhpdhh;. ,e;jg; Gjpa FbNaw;wj;ij jkJ
jz;lizf; ifjpfis mDg;Gtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd njhiyJ}uf; fhty; muzhf cgNahjpg;gjw;F gphpj;jhdpah
gpd;dh; jPh;khdpj;jJ.
rpl;dp JiwKfj;Jf;F 1788 [dthp 26k; jpfjp te;jile;j 11 fg;gy; njhFjpAld; INuhg;gpah;fsJ FbNaw;wk;
Muk;gpj;jJ. Kbf;Fhpa flw;gilapy; fg;ldhf ,Ue;j Mh;jh; gpypg; jiyikapy; te;j Kjw; fg;gy; njhFjpapy;
Fw;wthspfs; cl;gl Rkhh; 1500 Ngh; ,g;Gjpa FbNaw;wj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tug;gl;ldh;.
‘ept; rTj; Nty;]; nfhydp’ vd mg;NghJ miof;fg;gl;l mT];jpNuypag; ngUepyj;jpw;F KjyhtJ MSeuhdhh; gpypg;.
mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fsJ gw;whf;Fiwahy; FbNaw;wj;jpd; Muk;g Mz;Lfs; gl;bdpf;Fk; gQ;rj;Jf;Fk; vjpuhd
Nghuhl;lkhfNt fope;jd. ,Wjpapy; nghUl;fis Vw;wpf; nfhz;L fg;gy;fs; te;jile;jJk; epiyikfs; rPuile;jd.
1792 ,y; fg;ld; gpypg; mq;fpUe;J jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk; NghJ Kjw; FbNawpfs; trpj;j $lhuq;fs; Muk;gfhyf;
fl;Lkhzq;fshfg; ghpzhkk; mile;J rpl;dp efuJ Kjy; tbtk; cUg;ngw;wpUe;jJ.
rpy tUlq;fSf;Fs;shfNt> rpl;dp JiwKfkhdJ> J}u ,lq;fshd u~;ah> gpuhd;];> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy;
,Ue;Jk; fg;gy;fs; te;J nry;fpd;w RWRWg;ghd JiwKfkhf khwpaJ. FbNaw;wq;fs; cl;gFjpf;Fk; gunkl;lh tiu
tprhypj;jjhy; 1800 MFk; NghJ rdj;njhif 5000 Mf cah;e;jJ.
1810 Kjy; 1821 tiu yhf;yd; nkf;fhup (Lachlan Macquarie) vd;gth; MSeuhf te;jhh;. mT];jpNuypa Muk;gfhy
tuyhw;wpy; mth; Kf;fpakhd jiyth;fspy; xUtuhthh;. Fw;wthspfspd; jz;lizf; $lk; vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;J
Fw;wthspfspd; ciog;ig Mjutha;f; nfhz;l Rje;jpu th;j;jf Kaw;rpfs; nfhz;l FbNaw;wkhf mJ khwpaJ.
1820k; Mz;L MFk;NghJ 30000 Fw;wthspfSk; RatpUg;gpy; FbNaWNthh; 4500 NgUk; ,f;fhydpapy; te;J
FbNawpdh;. Rje;jpukhff; FbNawpNahh; gz;izfisAk; tpahghu Kaw;rpfisAk; njhlq;fpdh;. fhydp tsh;r;rp
ngw;wJ. Fw;wthspfspd; Muk;g ehl;fs; kpfTk; fbdkhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; tpahghuj;jpYk;> Vida njhopy;
JiwfspYk; mth;fspy; gyUf;F ,Ue;j jpwik kw;Wk; fbd ciog;G Mfpatw;wpd; gpujpgydhf gy Fw;wthspfs;
fz;zpakhd me;j];Jfisg; ngwyhapdh;. 1788,y; njhlq;fp ,Wjpahf 1868k; Mz;L Fw;wthspfis
ehLflj;Jjy; iftplg;gl;l tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSkhf 160000 jz;lidf; ifjpfs; ,q;F
nfhz;Ltug;gl;ldh;.
FbNaw;wj;jpd; Muk;g tUlq;fspy; fz;lj;jpd; cl;gFjp gw;wpNah ePz;l tprhykhd fiuNahuk; gw;wpNah ahUf;Fk;
mjpfk; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. gaph;r; nra;iff;Fk;> MLfis Nka;f;fTk;> ey;y FbePiug; ngwTk;> kw;w FbNawpfis
mkh;j;jTk; Gjpa epyg;gug;Gfisf; fz;Lnfhs;s Ntz;ba mOj;jk; Vw;gl;lJ.
,jdhy;> gyUk; Ma;Tg; gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L tlf;Fg; gf;fkhfTk; njw;Fg; gf;fkhfTk; fiuNahukhf
fuLKulhd gFjpfisj; jhz;bg; gazpj;jdh;. Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; fhzg;gl;l ‘ghupa gpupNfhL’ (the Great Dividing
Range) vd miof;fg;gl;l kiyj; njhliu ClWj;Jg; gazpf;f ,d;Dk; rpyh; Kaw;rp nra;jdh;. mjidaLj;J
kw;Wk; rpyh; mT];jpNuypahtpd; guPl;rakw;w twz;l Ey;yNghh; (Nullarbor) gPlG+kp kw;Wk; kj;jpa> tlNkw;F
mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w cl;gpuNjrq;fis Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jdh;. gyh; ,g;gpuahzq;fspd; NghJ khz;L Nghapdh;.
17
njhlh;e;J te;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fspy; Nkw;gb cs;sf Ma;Tfspy; <Lgl;NlhuJ mbr; RtLfisg; gpd;gw;wp FbNawpfs;
ehl;bd; cl;Gwkhf efu;e;J ,f;fz;lj;jpd; kdpj tho;Tf;F cfe;j mNef gFjpfspy; gue;J FbNawpdh;. ntd;
la;kdpd; G+kp (j];Nkdpah) 1825 ,y; jdpahd fhydpahhf khwpaJ. FaPd;];yhe;J> tpf;Nlhhpah> njd; mT];jpNuypah
kw;Wk; Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah vd ,d;W mwpag;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Gjpa FbapUg;Gfs; cUthfpd.
fk;gspf; ifj;njhopypy; Vw;gl;l tsh;r;rpAk; 1851 ,y; ept; rTj; Nty;rpYk; tpf;NlhpahtpYk; jq;fk;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;likAk; Ra tpUg;gpy; mT];jpNuypahtpw;Ff; FbNaw tUNthhpd; njhifiag; ghupa mstpy;
ngUf;fptpl;lJ.
1851 ,y; 430000 Mf ,Ue;j mT];jpNuypahtpd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif 1871 MFk; NghJ 1.7 kpy;ypad; Mf
Kk;klq;fhfpaJ. ,th;fspy; mjpfkhNdhh; gphpj;jhdpah;> MdhYk; mnkhpf;ff; fz;l ehLfs;> gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp>
N[h;kdp> Nghye;J kw;Wk; `q;Nfhp Nghd;w ehLfisr; Nrh;e;NjhLk; mth;fSs; mlq;fpdh;. jq;fk; Njb Vwj;jho 40000
rPdh; ,q;F te;J FbNawpdh;. gphpj;jhdpaUf;Fg; gpwF xNu jlitapy; ngUe;njhifapdh; te;jJ ,JNtahFk;.
xU Njrj;jpd; cjak;
ept; rTj; Nty;]; FbNaw;wk; Muk;gj;jpy; Vwj;jho fz;lj;jpd; fpof;Fg; gpuNjrk; KOtijAk; Mf;fpukpj;jpUe;jJ.
gbg;gbahf> NtW FbNaw;wq;fSk;> %yf; FbNaw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;L jdpj;jdp; FbNaw;wq;fshf
cUntLf;fyhapd.
1852k; Mz;by; Gjpa FbNaw;wq;fSf;F Rahjpf;f mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; xt;nthU FbNaw;wKk;
jdf;NfAhpa ghJfhg;G> jghy;> th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nghd;w gy Jiwfspy; jdpj;jdpahd Kiwfisf;
nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> ,f; FbNaw;wq;fSf;fpilapy; gue;j mstpyhd xj;Jiog;G gw;wpa Njitia kf;fs; mjpfkhf
czuj; jiyg;gl;ldh;. ,Nj Ntis> Njrpa czh;Tk; NkNyhq;fp tuyhapw;W.
19k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; Fbapay; nfsutKk; nghUshjhur; nropg;Gk; jhuhskhff; fhzg;glyhapw;W.
Njrj;jpd; KjyhtJ ,uapy; Nrit nky;gh;dpy; Muk;gpj;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw kpd;rhu je;jpj;njhlh;G
NritAk; Jtq;fpaJ. rpl;dpapYk; nky;gh;dpYk; rh;tfyhrhiyfs; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;ld. fz;fth; mofpa fl;llq;fSk;
eph;khzpf;fg;gl;ld.
mT];jpNuypah xU Rje;jpu Njrkhfg; ghpzhkk; ngWtjpy; NkYk; ,uz;L epfo;Tfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.
1870 ,y;> KjyhtJ fg;gw; njhFjp fiuapwq;fpajpy; ,Ue;J 80 Mz;Lfspy;> filrp gphpj;jhdpa JUg;Gf;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpd. mNj Ntis Rna];; fhy;tha; jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lik INuhg;ghtpy; ,Ue;J
gazpg;gjpy; ,Ue;J ePz;l J}u neUf;fbia epth;j;jp nra;jjhy; mT];jpNuypah Nehf;fp Gjpjhf FbtuTfs;
gilnaLf;fyhapd. 1880,y; mT];jpNuypa rdj;njhif ,uz;L kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpj;jJ.
NkNyhq;fp te;j Njrj;jpd; nghUshjhur; nropg;G 1890 ,y; Vw;gl;l tul;rp kw;Wk; Klf;fy; fhuzkhf tYtpoe;jJ.
ept; rt;j; Nty;]; rl;l rigapd; rghehafh; vl;kd;l; ghh;ld; kw;Wk; rpyiug; nghWj;j tiuapy;> ,e;j nghUshjhu
neLf;fbahdJ> th;j;jfk;> nfhs;if tFj;jy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G Kjypa ,d;Ndhud;d gpur;rpidfSf;F ehL
jOtpa jPh;Tfis toq;Ftjw;F trjpahd Njrpa murhq;fk; xd;W gw;wpa rpe;jid kPjhd cWjpg;ghl;il NkYk;
tYg;gLj;jpaJ.
rk~;b Kiw Ml;rpf;F Mjuthf mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; 1898> 1900 Mz;Lfspy; thf;fspj;jdh;. mjd; gpufhuk;
mT];jpNuypag; nghJeytha muR 1901 [dthp Kjyhk; jpfjp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. MW khepyq;fSk; rk~;b
Kiwapy; xNu ahg;gpd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld. rk~;b Kiw nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NghJ G+h;tPff; Fbfs; my;yhj
rdj;njhif 3.8 kpy;ypad; Mf ,Ue;jJ.
ept; rt;j; Nty;]py; rk~;b ,af;fj;ij topelhj;jpa vl;kd;l; ghh;ld; mT];jpNuypahtpd; KjyhtJ
gpujk ke;jphpahdhh;. Njrj;jpd; KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;wk; 1901 Nk 9k; jpfjp nky;gh;d; fz;fhl;rpf; $lj;jpy;
jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ.
18
mT];jpNuypah nrs[d;aKk;> If;fpaKk;> mNgjthjKk; nfhz;ljhf mika Ntz;Lk; vd Gjpa Njrj;jpd;
];jhgfh;fs; tpUk;gpdh;. kdpj chpikfs;> [dehaf topKiwfisg; NgZjy; kw;Wk; ,ufrpa thf;fpd; kjpg;G
Nghd;wit gw;wpa Kw;Nghf;fhd rpe;jidfis mth;fs; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
ngz;fSf;F thf;fspf;Fk; chpikiaAk; ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Fj; njhpthFk; chpikiaAk; Kjd; Kjypy; toq;fpa
ehLfspy; mT];jpNuypahTk; xd;whFk;. ,t;Thpikfs; 1895 ,y; njw;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; ngz;fSf;F toq;fg;
gl;ld. 1902 Mk; Mz;by;> thf;fspf;Fk; chpikiaAk; nghJehytha ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mkUk; cupikiaAk; rfy
mT];jpNuypag; ngz;fSk; ngw;wdh;.
rk~;b KiwahdJ ek;gpf;if epiwe;j xU fhyg; gFjpia cUthf;fpj; je;jJ. 1901 Kjy; KjyhtJ cyfAj;jk;
eilngw;w 1914 Mk; Mz;L tiuahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; nghUshjhuj;ij> Fwpg;ghf mjd; tptrha
kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; fzprkhd Kd;Ndw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ.
ah]; - fd;nguh gpuhe;jpak; 1908,y; Njrpa jiyefuk; mikg;gjw;fhd ,lkhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. Gjpa
jiyefUf;fhd ,lk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJk; efuj;ij tbtikg;gjw;fhd cyfshtpa Nghl;b xd;W 1911 ,y;
elj;jg;gl;lJ. Nghl;bf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l 137 khjphpfspy; ,Ue;J rpfhNfh fl;llf; fiyQh; Nthy;lh; gh;yp fphpgpd;
rkh;g;gpj;j tbikg;G njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. fd;nguh 1913 khh;r; 12k; ehs; Kiwahf ngahplg;gl;lJ.
ghuhSkd;wk; jw;fhypfkhf ,aq;Ftjw;fhd fl;blk; xd;W 1923 Mf];l; 23 ,y;> epue;ju ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;nfd
fphpg;gpd; Kd;nkhope;j ,lj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; cUthfpaJ. fd;nguh efhpy; KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;w mkh;Tk; fl;llj;
jpwg;G tpohTk; 1927 Nk 9 ,y; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
Aj;jj;jpd; jhf;fk;
mT];jpNuypah jdpahd xU Njrkhf Rje;jpuk; ngw;wpUe;j NghjpYk; gphpj;jhdpahTldhd FLk;g cwTfSk;
gpizg;Gk; njhlh;e;Jk; epiyj;jpUe;jd. N[h;kdp 1914 ,y; ngy;[paj;ij Mf;fpukpj;jijaLj;J gphpj;jhdpah N[h;kdpf;F
vjpuhf Nghh;g; gpufldk; nra;jNghJ mT];jpNuypah gphpj;jhdpahTf;F MjuT toq;Ftjpy; xd;Wgl;lJ.
Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk;; mT];jpNuypahtpd; kPJ fLikahd jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 1914,y; mT];jpNuypahtpd;
KO rdj;njhif Vwj;jho 4.5 kpy;ypad; Mf ,Ue;jJ. ,jpy; Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mNdfkhf %d;W kpy;ypad;jhd;
vd;whYk; Aj;jj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhs;s 417000 mT];jpNuypa Mz;fs; tpUg;gj;NjhL Kd;te;jdh;. Rkhh; 330000
NgUf;Fk; mjpfkhd njhifapdh; Nghhpy; fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. 1918 Mk; Mz;L Aj;jk; Kbtile;jNghJ Rkhh; 60000
Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;Lk; 152000 NgUf;F Nkw;gl;Nlhh; fhakile;Jk; ,Ue;jdh;.
JzpT> jplcWjp> gu];guk; Jiz epw;wy; Nghd;w tpOkpaq;fis Nghjpf;Fk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpugy;akhd md;]f;
ngWkhdk; ,e;j mDgtj;jpy; ,Ue;J jhd; Njhd;wpaJ.
md;]f;]; vdg;gLk; mT];jpNuypa epArpyhe;J ,uhZtKk; $l;Lg;gilfSk; 1915 ,y; JUf;fpapd; fypnghypapy;
epfo;j;jpa tPukpf;f Mdhy; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;j Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tPu epidTfis xt;nthU tUlKk; Vg;uy; khjk; 25k;
jpfjpad;W mT];jpNuypah epidT $h;fpwJ.

nfhd;];jhe;jpNdhgpisj; jhf;fp Dardanelles I ClWg;gjD}lhfj; JUf;fpiaj; Njhw;fbf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; md;]f;
tPuh;fs;> (gphpl;b~;> gpuhd;];> ,e;jpa JUg;GfSld; ,ide;J) fypnghypapy; jiuapwq;fpdh;. vdpDk; fuLKulhd
nrq;Fj;Jk; ghiwg; gs;sj;jhf;Ffisf; nfhz;l Gtpaikg;Gk; JUf;fpahpd; gykhd vjph;g;Gk; Nghh;tPuh;fspd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;ij jilnra;jd. md;]f; tPuh;fs; 1915 brk;gh; 20k; jpfjp mq;fpUe;J gpd;thq;fpdh;. vl;L khjk; ePbj;j
,g;Nghhpy; Vwj;jho 8700 mT];jpNuypah;fs; Neub Aj;jj;jpy; my;yJ fhag;gl;Lk; Neha;tha;g;gl;Lk; kuzpj;jdh;.
jw;NghJ> md;]f; jpdk; md;]f; Nghh;tPuh;fis kl;Lkd;wp mJ Kjy; Aj;jq;fspy; Nghhpl;l vy;yh mT];jpNuypa
Nghh;tPuh;fisAk; epidT $h;fpd;wJ.
19
,uz;L cyf Aj;jq;fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyk; (1919 – 1939) rKf> nghUshjhu ];jpukpd;ik fhzg;gl;l
fhykhFk;. Fwpg;ghf ghhpa nghUshjhu ke;j epiy Vw;gl;bUe;j ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; gy epjp
epWtdq;fs; Njhy;tpaile;jd.
(mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpujhd Vw;Wkjpfshd) fk;gsp kw;Wk; NfhJikapd; tpiy tPo;r;rp> Mq;fpNya %yjdk; thg];
ngwg;gl;lik kw;Wk; Vida Vw;Wkjpfspd; tpiy tPo;r;rp Nghd;wd fLikahd epjp neUf;fbia cUthf;fpaJ.
Ntiyaw;Nwhh; njhif fzprkhf mjpfhpj;jJ. 1933,y; njhopyhsh; gilapy; %d;wpy; xU gq;F Ntiyaw;wpUe;jdh;.
Njrpa tUkhdk; ngU tPo;r;rpiaf; fz;lJ.
‘Aj;jq;fis xopg;gjw;fhd Aj;jk;’ Xa;e;J 20 tUlq;fs; kl;LNk fope;j epiyapy;> ehL nghUshjhu ke;j
epiyapypUe;J Rjhfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L vOe;J epw;fpd;w NghJ> 1939 ,y; cyfk; kPz;Lk; xU Aj;jj;jpy; ,wq;fpaJ.
1939,y; N[h;kdp Nghye;jpd; kPJ gilnaLj;jijaLj;J gphpj;jhdpah N[h;kdpf;nfjpuhf Nghh; njhLj;jJ.
mT];jpNuypahTk; Aj;jj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;tjhf mjd; gpujk ke;jphp nuhgh;l; nkd;]P]; mwptpj;;jhh;.
Ner ehl;Lg; gilfs; INuhg;ghtpYk; MrpahtpYk; gRgpf;fpYk; ntw;wpngWtjpy; mT];jpNuypag; gilfs; ,uz;lhk;
cyfg; Nghhpy; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; msTf;F gq;fspg;ig toq;fpd. vdpDk; Nghhpd; ghjpg;G gykhfNt ,Ue;jJ.
Rkhh; 40000 mT];jpNuypah;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;lNjhL ,d;Dk; gyh; fhakile;jdh;.
Aj;jj;jpy; Nghhpl;L caph; gpioj;Njhh;; mT];jpNuypahtpd; Mw;wy;fs; gw;;wpa fk;gPuj;Jld; kPz;L te;jdh;. rpq;fg;G+hpd;
tPo;r;rp> tl mT];jpNuypahtpy; G&k;> lhh;tpd; kw;Wk; lTd;];tpy; kPjhd [g;ghdpa Fz;L tPr;R> rpl;dp JiwKfk;
kPjhd ePh;%o;fpj; jhf;Fjy;> gg;Gth ept; fpdpahtpy; md;iwa nfhNfhlh ghijapy; [g;ghdpa gilnaLg;Gf;F vjpuhd
Nghh; Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfs; Aj;jj;ij mT];jpNuypahtpd; jiythrYf;Nf nfhz;L te;jpUe;jijAk; ehL czh;e;jJ.
fypnghypiag; Nghd;Nw nfhNfhlhTk; Aj;jj;jpy; mT];jpNuypah;fsJ JzpitAk; jpahfj;ijAk; gpujpgypf;Fk;
,lkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Nkhu;];gP JiwKfj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wk; Nehf;Fld; gGthtpd; tlf;fpy; jiuapwq;fpa [g;ghd;
Mf;fpukpg;Gg; gilAld; xt;thj #o;epiyfisAk; kPwp ehd;F khjq;fshfg; nghUjpg; Nghuhbajpy; mT];jpNuypag;
Nghh; tPuh;fs; 625 Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;lNjhL NkYk; 1055 Ngh; fhag;gl;ldh;.
,izaj; jfty;
• mT];jpNuypa Aj;j epidtfk; (Australian War Memorial) www.awm.gov.au
nropg;Gk; khw;wKk;
Aj;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;j fhyg;gFjpapy; mfjpfSk; FbNawpfSk; Mapukhapukhf mT];jpNuypahtpy; te;J FbNawpdh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; cw;gj;jjpj; Jiwapy; njhopyhsh; gw;whf;Fiw epytpa fhyk; mJ.
1950 fspy; KOikahd njhopy;tha;g;Gld; nghUshjhuk;; gykhd tsh;r;rpaile;jJ. nghJthfNt mT];jpNuypah;fs;
kj;jpapy; nry;tr; nropg;G fhzg;gl;lJ. 1947,y; ntWk; 40 rj tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;j nrhe;j tPL itj;jpUe;Njhhpd; njhif
1960 fspy; 70 rj tPjkhf cah;e;jJ.

1945 ,y; Vwj;jho 7.4 kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;j rdj;njhif 1960,y; 10.4 kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpj;jJ. gphpj;jhdpah;
my;yhj FbtUNth; ngUe;njhifapy; tuj; njhlq;fpaJk; rdj;njhifapd; cs;slf;fj;jpy; ghhpa khw;wq;fs; epfoj;
njhlq;fpd.
1970fshFk; NghJ> mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpujhd th;j;jfg; gq;fhsp vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;J gphpj;jhdpah tpLgl;L
mt;tplj;ij [g;ghd; gpbj;jjdhy;> th;j;jf cwTfSk; khw;wk; fz;ld.
20
Vida JiwfSk; mgptpUj;jp fz;ld. murhq;fj;jpd; r%fg; ghJfhg;G jpl;lq;fs; fpukkhf tpahgpj;jNjhL 1956
,y; njhiyf;fhl;rpr; NritAk; mwpKfkhfpaJ. mNj Mz;by; mT];jpNuypahtpy; Kjd;Kjyhf kpfg; nghpa rh;tNjr
epfo;r;rpnahd;whf xypk;gpf; Nghl;bfis nky;gh;d; elhj;jpaJ.
,uz;lhtJ cyf Aj;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ypguy; kw;Wk; fpuhkpaf; fl;rpapdhpd; (jw;NghJ Njrpaf; fl;rp) $l;lurhq;fk;
nkhj;jk; 40 Mz;Lfs; mT];jpNuypahtpy; muNrhr;rpaJ. mT];jpNuypa njhopw; fl;rp nkhj;jkhf 20 tUlq;fs; Ml;rp
elhj;jpAs;sJ.
r%f> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp njhlh;e;Jk; ,lk; ngw;w tz;zk; cs;sJ.
fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fspy; gutyhd nghUshjhu rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy;
rpwg;ghd nraw;ghL nfhz;l cyfpd; tsh;e;j ehLfspy; xd;whf mT];jpNuypah jpfo;fpwJ. nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpAk;>
Gjpa njhopy;tha;g;GfSk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwDk; mT];jpNuypah;fSf;F cah;e;j tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
,izaj;jpy; jfty;
• mT];jpNuypa Njrpa E}yfk; www.nla.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa mur fyhrhu kw;Wk; nghOJNghf;F Eiothapy; www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au
mT];jpNuypahitj; jhakhff; nfhz;Nlhh;

mT];jpNuypahtpdJ Njrf; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; Fbtuntd;gJ Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. FbNawpfs; 1788,y; ,Ue;J
mT];jpNuypahit te;jila Muk;gpj;jdh;.
19k; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpag; gFjpapy;> jq;f miyf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; tUlhe;jk; ruhrhp 50000 Ngh; tiuapyhd FbtuT
fhzg;gl;lJ. mT];jpNuypahtpYk; Vida ,lq;fspYk; mt;tplq;fspd; nghUshjhu r%f epytuq;isg; gpujpgypf;Fk;
tz;zk; mT];jpNuypahtpdJ FbtuT mjidj; njhlh;e;j fhyq;fspYk; ,iltplhJ epfo;e;jJ.
Muk;g fhyf; FbNawpfspy;; mjpfkhNdhh; gphpj;jhdpahitAk; mah;yhe;ijAk; Nrh;e;jth;fs; Mth;. mth;fsJ
Mq;fpNya nfy;jpa kuGfs; Gjpa Njrj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F mbg;gilahf mike;jd.
,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;j Kbtpy; kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd kf;fs; jk; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ,lk; ngah;e;J
fhzg;gl;ldh;. mr;rkaj;jpy;> mT];jpNuypahtpy; mjpfsT njhopyhsh; gw;whf;Fiw epytpaJ. mj;Jld; ehl;bd;
vjph;fhyj;jpw;Ff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rdj;njhifg; ngUf;fk; mtruj; Njit vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
tYg;ngw Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ.
,it Nghd;w gy fhuzq;fisg; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;L 1945k; Mz;L ngluy; FbtuT jpizf;fsk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gy;NtW ngah; khw;wq;fSld; ,e;jj; jpizf;fsk; ,d;W tiuAk; nraw;gl;L tUfpwJ.
1947 MFk;NghJ ghhpa vz;zpf;ifapy; FbtuT ,lk;ngwyhapw;W. murhq;f cjtpAld; gazpj;J te;j mNefUk;
,jpy; mlq;Fth;. ,t;thW Fbte;Njhupy; mjpfkhNdhh; INuhg;gpah; Mth;. Vnddpy; ‘nts;is mT];jpNuypa’ f;
nfhs;if NtW ehLfisr; Nrh;e;Njhhpd; Fbtuitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;epiy nglNurd; Muk;gkhfpa 1901 Kjy;
1970 fspd; Muk;g fhyk; tiu ePbj;jJ.
1945 ,y; ,Ue;J mT];jpNuypahTf;F te;J Nrh;e;j 6.5 kpy;;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd kf;fs;> FLk;gg; nghWg;Gfs;>
tWik> Aj;jj;jpypUe;J my;yJ mlf;FKiwapypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Nghd;w fhuzpfshy; J}z;lg;gl;Nl
Fbngah;e;J te;jpUe;jdh;. jkf;Fk; jkJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; GjpanjhU tho;it cWjpg;gLtjw;fhf midj;J
re;jh;g;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp fbd ciog;ig Nkw;nfhs;s mth;fs; jplTWjp G+z;bUe;jdh;.
21
cjhuzkhf> 30 ehLfisr; Nrh;e;j 100000 FbNwpfs; mT];jpNuypahtpd; njw;F kiyg; gFjpapy; eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l
kpfg; nghpa ePh; kpd; cw;gj;jpj; jpl;lkhd ];Ndhtp kt;d;ld;]; (Snowy Mountains Scheme) jpl;lj;jpy; gzpahw;wpdh;.
,e;jj; jpl;lk; Kbtila 1949 Kjy; 1974 tiuapy; 25 tUl fhyk; vLj;jJ.
INuhg;gpah;; my;yhNjhhpd; Fbtuitj; jLf;fpd;w fl;Lg;ghl;L eilKiwfs; 1970 fspd; eLg;gFjpahFk; NghJ
ntw;wpfukhf ePf;fg;gl;ljd; gpwF mT];jpNuypaf; FbtuTf; nfhs;if ghFghlw;wjhf khwpaJ. tprh ngWtjw;fhd
jFjpia eph;zapg;gjpy; xU jdpkdpjdpd; ,dk;> ghy;> rhjp my;yJ kjj;jpw;F vg;gq;Fk; ,y;iy.
,izaj; jfty;
• FbtuT kw;Wk; FbAhpikj; Jiw www.immi.gov.au
[dehafKk; murhq;fKk;
ehl;bd; Fbkf;fs; gq;nfLj;J jk; fUj;ij ntspaplty;y ghuhSkd;w murhq;f Kiwapyike;j gpujpepjpj;Jt
[dehafj;ij mT];jpNuypah nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,J kj rpfpg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; $l;Lr; NrUk; chpikiaAk; Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; [dehafg; ghuk;ghpaq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l KiwahFk;. mT];jpNuypa Njrpa murhq;fj;jpd; ,jakhff; fUjg;gLk; mikg;G
epWtdq;fSk; eilKiwfSk; gphpj;jhdpa kw;Wk; tlmnkhpf;fg; ghuk;ghpaq;fis xj;j gy;NtW rpwg;gk;rq;fisf;
nfhz;ljhFk;.
mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk;

1901 [dthp Kjyhk; jpfjpad;W mT];jpNuypa murpay; ahg;G eilKiwf;F te;jijaLj;J nghJeytha
mT];jpNuypah (Commonwealth of Australia) xU ngluy; murhf cUntLj;jJ. mT];jpNuypa NjrPa murpw;fhd
mbg;gilahf ,t;turpay; rhrdk; mikfpwJ.
murpay; ahg;gpy; jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltu KbAk;> Mdhy; mJ murpay; ahg;gpd; ruj;JfSf;F mika elhj;jg;gLk;
Njrpaf; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G thf;nfLg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gLk; Mjuit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhfNt mikAk;.
vt;tpj jpUj;jq;fSk; ,uz;L tpj ngUk;ghd;ikfshy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; - Njrpa mstpyhd thf;fhsh;fsJ
ngUk;ghd;ikAk;> ngUk;ghd;ikahd khepyq;fspy; (Mwpy; Fiwe;jJ ehd;fpd;) ngUk;ghd;ikahd thf;fhsh;fsJ
MjuTk; ,jw;Fj; Njitg;gLk;.
mT];jpNuypa rk~;b
murpay; ahg;ghdJ MW khepy murhq;fq;fisAk;> xU nghJeytha (my;yJ Njrpa) murhq;fj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa
rk~;b Kiw murhq;fj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf khepyq;fisg; NghyNt nraw;gLk; Rahjpf;fk; nfhz;l
vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; nghJeythag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (G+q;fhf;fs;> cs;@h;g;
ghijfs;> foptfw;wy; Nghd;w) cs;Sh; tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpg;gjw;fhf cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fis khepy> vy;iyg;
gpuhe;jpa murhq;fq;fs; cUthf;fpAs;sd.
nghJeythag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gLtjw;fhd tplajhdq;fis mT];jpNuypa ahg;G
gl;baypLfpwJ. ,tw;wpy;> ntspehl;L tptfhuk;> rh;tNjr kw;Wk; khepyq;fSf;fpilapyhd th;j;jfk;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
FbtuT vd;gdTk; cs;slq;Fk;. rpy tpjptpyf;FfSf;F cl;gl;L> khepyq;fSk;> vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; jkf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd ve;j tplak; njhlh;ghfTk; rl;lq;ifs ,aw;wyhk;. Mdhy; nghJeytha rl;lq;fSld; Kuz;glf;$ba
rl;lq;fis khepyq;fSk;> vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; ,aw;w KbahJ. fy;tp> ghijfs;> nghyP];> jPaizg;G
kw;Wk; nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nghd;wd khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa rl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;l tplaq;fSf;F
cjhuzq;fshFk;.
22
murhq;fk;> nghJeytha kw;Wk; khepy kl;lq;fspy; %d;W fpisfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. mit rl;lthf;fk;
(ghuSkd;wk;)> epiwNtw;W murhq;fk; kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiw MfpadthFk;.
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wkhdJ gphpl;b~; ghuSkd;wk; $Lk; nt];l;kpd;];lh; muz;kidapd; ngaiuf; nfhz;l
nt];l;kpd;];lh; ghuk;ghpaq;fisf; filg;gpbf;fpwJ. ,e;jg; ghuhSkd;w murhq;f Kiw gy E}w;whz;L fhykhf
tsh;;r;rp fz;L te;Js;sJ. ehl;bd; jiyth; murhq;fj;jpd; jiytuy;yhjpUj;jYk;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J njhpT
nra;ag;gl;L ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F Neubahfg; gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;ba epiwNtw;W murhq;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUj;jYk;
mjd; Kf;fpa rpwg;gk;rq;fshFk;. ePjpj;JiwAk; ‘rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhd;ikAk;’ ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L
RahjPdkhf ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wq;fspd; mjpfhuk; khepy kw;Wk; nghJeytha murpay; ahg;G %yk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
vd;w tifapy; mit nt];l;kpd;];lh; khjpupapy; ,Ue;J NtWgLfpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; nghJeythag; ghuhSkd;wk; gpujpepjpfs; rig (House of Representatives)
kw;Wk; nrdl; rig (Senate) Mfpa ,uz;L mitfisf; nfhz;lJ. ngluy; Njh;jy;fspd; NghJ ,t;tpU
mitfSf;Fkhd gpujpepjpfis kf;fs; Neubahfj; njhpT nra;fpd;wdh;. gpujpepjpfs; rigapd;; mjp$ba gpujpepjpj;Jtf;
fhyk; %d;W tUlq;fSk; nrdl; rigapy; mJ MW tUlq;fSkhFk;. (gpujpepjpfs; rigf;fhd ngluy; Njh;jy;fs;
nghJthf ‘miuthrp nrdl;bw;fhd’ (half-senate) Njh;jy;fs; ,lk;ngWk; mNjNtisapy; eilngWtJz;L).
nrdl; rig 76 mq;fj;jpdh;fisf; nfhz;lJ. xt;nthU khepyj;jpypUe;Jk; jyh 12 NgUk;> tlf;F kw;Wk;
mT];jpNuypaj; jiyefu vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fs; Mfpa ,uz;bypUe;Jk; jyh ,UtUk; njhpthth;. gpujpepjpfs;
rigapy; xt;nthU khepyj;jpdJk; rdj;njhiff;Nfw;g gpujpepjpfs; vz;zpf;if jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;. gpujpepjpfs;
rig cWg;gpdh; vz;zpf;if nrdl; cWg;gpdh; njhifia tpl ,ul;bg;ghf my;yJ mjw;Ff; fpl;ba rhj;jpakhd
vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ ,r;rigapy; 150 gpujpepjpfs; cs;sdh;. xt;nthUtUk; Njh;jy; njhFjp
(electorate) vdg;gLk; jj;jkJ gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s Rkhh; 80000 thf;fhsh;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wdh;.
gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ik Mrdq;fisg; ngWk; fl;rp my;yJ $l;lzp> (mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;’ vd
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) murhq;fj;ij mikf;Fk;. mf;fl;rpapd; my;yJ $l;lzpapd; ghuhSkd;wf; FOj; jiyth; gpujk ke;jphp
(Prime Minister) Mthh;. ,th; kf;fshy; mg;gjtpf;F Neubahfj; njhpT nra;ag;gLgtuy;y. gpujpepjpfs; rigapy;
gyj;jpidg; ngWk; fl;rpNa mtiuj; njhpT nra;Ak;. nrdl;by; ngUk;ghd;ikg; gyj;ijg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpak; murhq;fj;jpw;Ff; fpilahJ.
ve;j kNrhjhTk; rl;lkhFtnjdpy;> ,uz;L mitfspdJk; mq;fPfhuk; Njit. rl;lthf;fj;ij ,uz;L mitfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vdpDk; rpy epjpj;Jiw gw;wpa rl;lq;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rigapNyNa ,aw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Njh;jy;fs;
nghJthfNt Gjpa murhq;fq;fs; nghJj; Njh;jiyj; njhlh;e;J mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd; mjp $ba nraw;ghl;Lf; fhyk; Gjpa ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; KjyhtJ $l;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J
%d;W tUlq;fshFk;. vdpDk; %d;whz;L fhyk; KbtilAk; Kd;dh; nghJj; Njh;jYf;F miof;FkhW Njrhjpgjpia
gpujk ke;jphp Nfhuyhk;.
KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;wk; 1901 Nk 9k; jpfjpad;W jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;ljpy; ,Ue;J ,J tiu 40f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Njh;jy;fs;
gpujpepjpfs; rigf;fhf eilngw;Ws;sd.
23
thf;F ,lhg;gpy; gjpjYk; thf;fspj;jYk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; kj;jpa> khepy kw;Wk; ngUk;ghyhd cs;Suhl;rp Njh;jy;fspy; xUth; thf;fspg;gjw;F Kd;ghf mth;
thf;fhsh; ,lhg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;;. mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahfTs;sth; 17 taij mile;jtuhf my;yJ
mjw;F Nkw;gl;ltuhapd; jd;id thf;fhsuhfg; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;syhk; kw;Wk; mth; 18 taij mile;jjpypUe;J
thf;fspf;Fk; jFjpiag; ngWthh;. ,jw;fhd tpz;zg;gq;fis mT];jpNuypa Njh;jy; Mizaff; (Australian Electoral
Commission (AEC) fhhpahyaq;fspYk;> jghy; epiyaq;fspYk;> AEC apd; ,izaj;jsj;jpYk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
ntspehl;by;; tjptplj;ijg; ngWk; Xh; mT];jpNuypah;> ngluy; Njh;jh;fspy; thf;fspg;gjw;Fj; jFjpngw> jhk;
ehl;iltpl;L ntspNawpa %d;W tUlq;fSf;Fs; fly;fle;j thf;fhsuhfg; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW
gjpT nratjd; %yk; MW tUlq;fSf;F thf;fhsh; gl;baypy; mth; ,lk; ngWthh;. Nkyjpfkhf ePbf;f tpUk;GNthh;
tUlh tUlk; Mizafj;Jf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
thf;fhsh; ,lhg;gpy; gjpT nra;tJk;> thf;fspg;gJk; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfSf;Ff; fl;lhakhFk;. thf;fspf;fhikf;F
toq;fg;gLk; jz;lid kpfr; rpwpajhf ,Ug;gpDk; cyfpd; mjpf thf;fspg;G tPjj;ijf; nfhz;l ehLfspy;
mT];jpNuypahTk; xd;whFk;. ,q;F nkhj;jk;; 90 rjtPjkhd thf;fhsh;fs; thf;fspg;gpy; fye;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
mT];jpNuypa thf;fhsh;fs; nghJeytha> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; cs;Suhl;rp Mfpa %tpj
Njh;jy;fspy; thf;fspj;J gpujpepjpfisj; njhpT nra;fpd;wdh;.
ngluy; Njh;jy;fs; eilngWfpd;wNghJ ntspehl;Lf;Fr; nry;fpd;w gjpTnra;ag;gl;l thf;fhsh;fs; thf;fspj;Jtpl;Lr;
nry;yyhk; my;yJ Muk;g thf;fspf;Fk; fhyk; Muk;gkhfpapUg;gpd; Nghtjw;F Kd;Ng thf;fspf;fyhk;.
ngluy; Njh;jy; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf ehL gy Njh;jy; njhFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpujpepjpfs; rigj; Njh;jypy;
mT];jpNuypa thf;fhsh;fs; jkJ njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapLk; mNgl;rfh;fSf;F thf;fspg;gh;. ve;j Ntl;ghsUk; KjyhtJ
tpUg;G thf;fpy; 50 tpOf;fhl;bw;F Nkyjpfkhd thf;Ffisg; ngwhjtplj;J> Mff; Fiwe;j thf;Ffisg; ngw;Nwhh;
ePf;fg;gl;L gpd;dh;> thf;fhsh;fspd; ,uz;lhtJ tpUg;gj; njupT thf;F cupa mNgl;rfh;fSf;F gfpug;gLk;.
xU Ntl;ghsUf;F 50 tpOf;fhbw;F Nky; thf;Ffs; NrUk; tiuapy; ,e;eilKiw njhlUk;.
nrdl; rigf;fhd Njh;jypYk; tpUg;G thf;Ffs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjpy; jhk; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; NfhUfpd;w
khepyj;jpw;F my;yJ vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;Fupa Fwpg;gpl;l ‘gq;F tPj’ thf;Ffis Ntl;ghsh; ngw Ntz;Lk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; ghuhSkd;w mq;fj;Jth;fspy; mNdfh; murpay; fl;rpfisr; rhh;e;Njhuhth;. mbg;gilapy;
fl;rpfs; vd;gd> ehl;bd; tptfhuq;fs; vt;thW ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp nghJthd rpe;jidfisAk;>
jj;Jtq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;s kf;fspd; mikg;GfshFk;.
murpapy; fl;rpapy; ,iztJ> mjd; ,yf;FfisAk; fl;rpf; nfhs;iffisAk; eph;zapg;gJ kw;Wk; Njh;jy;
gpurhuf; fsj;jpy; jkJ fl;rpapd; Ntl;ghsh;fSf;F MjuT toq;FtJ vd;gd gw;wpa Rje;jpuk; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapLgth;> mT];jpNuypa gpuirahf ,Ug;gJld; NtW gpurhThpikfspy;

,Ue;J jk;ik tpyf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd rhj;jpakhd midj;J Kaw;rpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fk;

xt;nthU khepyKk; mk;khepyj;jpd; murhq;fk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l KbTfis vLf;Fk; mikg;ghd mjw;NfAhpa
ghuhSkd;wj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. FaPd;];yhe;J ghuhSkd;wj;ijj; jtpu> rfy khepy ghuhSkd;wq;fSk; ,uz;L
mitfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
khepy ghuhSkd;wq;fSf;Fj; njhpT nra;ag;gLgk; gpujpepjpfs; cWg;gpdh;fs; vd miof;fg;gLth; - rl;l rig
cWg;gpdh;fs; (Legislative Assembly) (MLA) my;yJ muRg; Nguit cWg;gpdh;fs; (House of Assembly) (MHA)
24
my;yJ rl;l kd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; (Legislative Council) (MLC). khepy murpd; jiyth; Kjy;th; (Premier) vd
miof;fg;gLthh;.
tlf;Fg; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaKk;> mT];jpNuypa jiyefu vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaKk; NtWtpjkhd Xh; Vw;ghl;ilf;
nfhd;Ls;sd. xt;nthU vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpag; ghuhSkd;wKk; rl;l kd;wk; (Legislative Assembly) vd miof;fg;gLk;
xU mitiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murpd; jiyth; Kjyikr;rh; (Chief Minister) vd miof;fg;gLthh;.
khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fg; ngWg;Gfspy; rl;lk; xOq;ifg;; Ngzy;> Efh;Nthh; tptfhuq;fs;> Rfhjhuk;>
fy;tp> td guhkhpg;G> nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; gpujhd rhiyfs; vd;gdTk; mlq;Fk;.
cs;Suhl;rp
cs;Suhl;rp eph;thfj;jpy; jPh;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; epWtdq;fs; nghJthf efu my;yJ gpuNjr rig (city or shire
council) vd miof;fg;gLk;. efuj;jpd; my;yJ cs;@h; kf;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitfisg; gw;wpf; ftdpg;gjw;fhf
khepy murhq;fq;fs; ,j;jifa rigfis cUthf;fpAs;sd. ,r;rigfSf;Fj; njhpT nra;ag;gLk; kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs;
efuhl;rp kd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; my;yJ fTd;rpyh;fs; vd miof;fg;gLth;. ,j;jifa rigfspd; jiyth;fs; Nkah;
my;yJ efuhl;rp kd;wj; jiyth; (mayor or shire president) vd miof;fg;gLth;.
cs;Sh; ghij guhkhpg;G> fopTg;nghUl;fis mfw;wy;> fl;ll eph;khz tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; fhzpg; gq;fPL>
nghJr;Rfhjhuk; cl;gl ePr;ry; jlhfq;fs; Nghd;w nghOJ Nghf;F mk;krq;fs; Mfpa nghWg;Gfis mit
nfhz;Ls;sd.
ahg;G hPjpahd KbauR

mT];jpNuypah xU RahjPd Njrk;> vdpDk; If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; 2 Mk; vyprngj; kfhuzpahUld; ahg;G hPjpahd
njhlh;Gfisg; Ngzp tUfpwJ. mtNu mT];jpNuypahtpd; kfhuhzpahthh;.
kfhuhzpahh;> jdJ gpujpepjpahf gpujk ke;jphpapd; rpghh;rpd; gb Njrhjpgjpia (Governor-General) epakpg;ghh;.
Njrhjpgjp gpujk ke;jphpapd; MNyhridapd; gpufhuk; mikr;rh;fis epakpg;ghh;. kuGg;gb> nghJthf rfy
tptfhuq;fspYk; mikr;rh;fspd; MNyhridfspd;gbNa mth; nraw;gLthh;.
ngluy; rl;l mikg;G

mT];jpNuypa rl;lj; JiwahdJ> eilKiw ePjp kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rfyUk; rkk; Mfpad gw;wpa mbg;gilf;
Nfhl;ghLfisg; gpujpgypf;fpwJ.
rl;lq;fis vLj;Jiuf;Fk; kw;Wk; eilKiwg; gLj;Jk; nghWg;G mT];jpNuypahtpy; ePjpj;JiwiaNa rhUk;. ,e;jg;
nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ePjpgjpfs; murhq;f nry;thf;fpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L RNar;irahf ,aq;Fth;.
vy;yhtpj rl;l hPjpahd Kuz;ghLfspd; NghJk; ,Wjpahd Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;wkhf mT];jpNuypa cah; ePjpkd;wk;
(High Court of Australia) tpsq;FfpwJ. cah; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; gpujhd nraw;ghLfspy; xd;W mT];jpNuypa murpay;
ahg;ig tpahf;fpahdk; nra;tjhFk;. ghuhSkd;wk; ,aw;Wk; xU rl;lj;ij mJ ahg;Gf;F KuzhdJ vd - mjhtJ
ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; mjpfhuj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lnjdj; - jPh;g;gspj;jhy; mr;rl;lk; nraypoe;J tpLk;.
,izaj;jpy; jfty;
• mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wk; www.aph.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypaj; Njh;jy; Mizak; www.aec.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa cah; ePjpkd;wk; www.hcourt.gov.au
25
,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhak;
,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd rpwg;gk;rq;fspy; xd;W> mjd; kf;fsJ fyhr;rhug; gy;ypdj;jd;ikAk;>
mT];jpNuypah kPjhd midj;ijAk; kpifj;j jkJ gw;WWjpapy; mth;fs; xd;Wgl;bUf;Fk; jd;ikAk; MFk;.
mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd; kw;WnkhU rpwg;gk;rk; mjd; Ngjk; Ngzhj> midj;NjhUk; rknkd;w jd;ikahFk;.
xt;nthUtUk; xNu khjpupahdth;fs; vd;gNjh my;yJ vy;NyhUk; rkkhd msTs;s nry;tj;ijNah> nrhj;JfisNah
itj;jpUg;gh; vd;gNjh ,jd; mh;j;jky;y. kf;fs; jkJ fbd ciog;ghYk;> gw;WWjpahYk;> cah;kl;lj; njhlh;Gfs;
my;yJ nry;thf;F kpf;Nfhhpd; rpghh;Rfs; vJTk; ,d;wp vjidAk; rhjpf;fyhk; vd;gijAk; ,J Fwpf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;ltuk;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;Lj; jkJ fyhrhuj;ijAk;> ek;gpf;iffisAk; ntspg;gLj;jTk;>
mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa tho;tpy; Rje;jpukhfg; gq;F nfhs;sTk; mT];jpNuypah;fshy; ,aYkhfpwJ. vtUk;
mtuJ gpwe;j ehL> fyhrhug; ghuk;ghpak;> nkhop> ghypdk; kw;Wk; kj ek;gpf;iffs; Nghd;wit fhuzkhf ghugl;rk;
fhl;lg;glf;;$lhJ vd mT];jpNuypah cWjpahf ek;GfpwJ.
];jpukhd> mikjpahd kw;Wk; nropg;ghd rKjhankhd;iwg; NgZtjw;fhf mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd;
mbehjkhf tpsq;Fk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLk; nfhs;iffisAk; tpOkpaq;fisAk; fl;bf;fhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd rfy
gpd;dzpfisAk; nfhz;l xt;nthU mT];jpNuypadplkpUe;Jk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffis gf;fk; 4 ,y; ghh;f;fTk;.
rl;lq;fSk;> r%fg;; gof;ftof;fq;fSk;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; r%f ed;dlj;ijia Kiwahd rl;lq;fSk; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh r%fg; gof;f tof;fq;fSk;
epHtfpf;fpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; kf;fs; midtUk; Njrj;jpd; rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gly; Ntz;Lk; md;Nwy; Fw;wtpay; kw;Wk; rptpy;
tof;Fj; njhLf;fg;gl;L mtHfs; jz;bf;fg;gLk; rhj;jpak; cz;L. mT];jpNuypahtpd; rKf kuGfs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs;
kw;Wk; eilKiwfis> mit Kiwahd rl;l flg;ghL mw;witahdpDk;> kf;fs; kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;Lnkd
vjpg;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fis mT];jpNuypag; nghJeytha> khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpag; ghuhSkd;wq;fs;
,aw;Wfpd;wd. rKjhaj;jpy; rl;lj;ijAk; xOq;ifAk; NgZk; nghWg;igf; fhty; JiwapdH Rke;J rl;lj;ij kPwpath;
vd mth;fs; ek;GNthiu ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; epWj;Jtijj; jkJ flikaha;f; nfhz;Ls;sdH. gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLk;
NghJ cs;@h; kf;fs; kw;Wk; mayth;fs; gu];guk; cjtpf;nfhs;tNjhL VjhapDk; re;Njfkhd my;yJ mrhjhuz
epiyikfis cs;@h; nghyP]{f;F mwpag;gLj;Jth;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhak;
mT];jpNuypahTf;nfd ngluy; nghyP]; (Australian Federal Police) vd miof;fg;gLk; Njrpa mstpyhd nghyP];
gil cz;L. ngluy; rl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;nray;fs; gw;wp mJ tprhuiz nra;Ak;. Nghijg;nghUs; flj;jy;>
rl;l tpNuhjf; FbtuT> Njrpag; ghJfhg;Gf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs;> Rw;Wr;#oYf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs; Nghd;wd mtw;Ws;
mlq;Fk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd; vy;yh khepyq;fSk;> tlf;F vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaKk; khepy my;yJ vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa
rl;lq;fSf;Ff; fPo;tUk; Fw;wq;fs; gw;wp eltbf;if vLf;Fk; jkf;NfAhpa nghyP]; gilfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
mT];jpNuypaj; jiyefug; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; fhty; eltbf;iffis mT];jpNuypa ngluy; nghyP]; Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.
nghyP]; mjpfhhpfs; ifJ nra;jy; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rhl;rp nrhy;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tnudpDk;
kf;fs; Fw;wk; nra;jhh;fsh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wpj; jPh;g;G toq;f khl;lhh;fs;. ,ij ePjpkd;wk; jPh;khdpf;Fk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; nghyP]{f;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; RKfkhd njhlh;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. Fw;wq;fis nghyP]{f;F
mwptpj;J mth;fspd; cjtpiag; ngw cq;fshy; KbAk;. nghyP]; tprhhpj;jhy; mikjpahfTk;> gz;GlDk; xj;Jiof;fTk;.
ePjp kd;wq;fSk; rl;lKk;

ePjpia eph;tfpf;Fk; nghWg;G ePjpkd;wq;fisr; rhUk;. rl;lk; kPwg; gl;Ls;sjh vd;gijAk; Fw;wk; Ghpe;jjhf
ep&gpf;fg;gLNthh; kPJ vd;d eltbf;if vLg;gJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk; ePjpkd;wq;fNs jPh;khdpf;Fk;.
26
rpy tof;Ffspy; Fw;wtpay; eLth; tof;if tprhhpj;J jPh;g;G toq;Fthh;. NtW rpy tof;Ffspy; Fbkf;fisf; nfhz;l
eLth; FOnthd;W (jury)> ePjpgjpapd; topfhl;lypy; jPh;g;gspf;Fk;. epahag;gLj;jf;$ba re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lk; ,y;yhj
Kiwapy; gpujpthjp Fw;wthsp vd eP&gpf;fg;gLk; tiuapy; epuguhjpahfNt fUjg;gLthh;. gpujpthjpfSf;F jkJ rhh;ghf
tf;fPy;fis mkh;j;jpf; nfhs;Sk; chpikAk; cz;L.
rpy tof;Ffspy;> tf;fPy;fis mkh;j;jpf; nfhs;s trjpapy;yhNjhUf;F ,ytr rl;l cjtp toq;fg;gLk;.
rpy jw;fhypf tprhf;fspy; jq;fpapUg;gth;fs;> jhk; mf;fhy vy;iyiaj; jhz;b mT];jpNuypahtpy; jq;fpapUe;jhy;
Fw;wtpay; jPh;g;Gf;F cl;gl;L mjd; tpisTfisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;b tuyhk; vd;gijj; njhpe;Jitj;Js;shh;fs; vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
fphpkpdy; Fw;wr; nray;fs;

nfhiy. fhag;gLj;jy;> ghypay; td;Kiw> rpwhh; J~;gpuNahfk;> nghJkf;fSf;F my;yJ nrhj;Jf;F vjpuhd
td;Kiw> MAjKidapy; nfhs;is my;yJ fsT> Mgj;Njw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;; Nkhl;lhh; tz;b Xl;Ljy;> rl;ltpNuhj
Nghijg; nghUl;fis itj;jpUj;jy; kw;Wk; cgNahfpj;jy;> Nkhrb my;yJ rl;lG+h;t ,zf;fj;jpw;fhd tajpYk; (,J
mT];jpNuypahtpy; khepyj;jpw;F khepyk; NtWgLk;) Fiwe;j ,sk;gpuhaj;jpdUld;; ghypay; cwT itj;Jf;nfhs;sy;
Nghd;wd ghuJ}ukhd fphpkpdy; Fw;wq;fshFk;.
mT];jpNuypah fyhrhu gy;ypdj;jd;ikia kjpj;Jg; NgZfpwJ. vdpDk; midj;J rka fyhrhu nraw;ghLfSk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; eilKiwapYs;s rl;lq;fSf;F ,zf;fg;ghlhdjhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf gpwg;G
cWg;Gf;fis cUf;Fiyj;jy; kw;Wk; tPl;L td;Kiw Nghd;w nraw;ghLfis khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpar;
rl;lq;fs; jil nra;fpd;wd.
FLk;g td;Kiw
Vida ehLfspYs;sJ Nghd;Nw mT];jpNuypahtpYk; ,d;ndhUth; kPjhd td;Kiw rl;l tpNuhjkhdJld; mJ
kpfg; ghuJ}ukhdjhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ. tPlb ; w;Fs; kw;Wk; jpUkz ge;jj;jpw;Fs; elf;fpd;w cs; tPlL
; my;yJ FLk;g
td;Kiw ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. xUtuJ nray; fhuzkhf ,d;ndhUth; cly;> ghypay; my;yJ cstpay; hPjpahd
ghjpg;gpw;F
; k;> J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fk; cs;shjy; my;yJ mt;thW Vw;gLnkd mQ;Rjy;> gyte;jkhd ghypay; ty;YwTfs;.
gyte;jkha;j; jdpikg;gLj;jy;; my;yJ nghUshjhu hPjpahf Klf;Fjy; Nghd;wd tPlL ; td;Kiwahff; fUjg;gLk;.
Nghijt];J> Gifj;jy; kw;Wk; kJghdk; mUe;Jjy;

rl;ltpNuhj> fs;sj;jdkhd> jilnra;ag;gl;l> Nghij t];Jf;fis itj;jpUj;jy; my;yJ tpepNahfpj;jy; Nghd;w
Fw;wq;fSf;fhd jz;lid kpff; fLikahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mtw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> toq;Fjy; my;yJ tpw;;gid
nra;tjpy; <Lgl;Lf; Fw;wthspfshff; fhzg;gLNthUf;fhd jz;lid ,ij tplf; fLikahdjhapUf;Fk;. Gif
gpbj;jYk;> kJghdk; mUe;JtJk; rl;ltpNuhjkhditay;yhj NghjpYk; nghJ ,lq;fspy; mtw;iw cgNahfpg;gJ
rk;ge;jkhd gy fl;Lg;ghLfs; cs;sd.
ngUk;ghyhd murhq;f fhhpahyaq;fs;> Rfhjhu epiyaq;fs;> njhopyfq;fs; cl;gl ehshe;jk; mjpfhpj;J tUk; gy
,lq;fspy; Gif gpbj;jy; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. %ba nghJ ,lq;fshfpa czT tpLjpfs;> fspahl;l tpLjpfs;>
,uT tpLjpfs;> ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; tpw;gid epiyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Gifgpbg;gij> ngUk;ghyhd khepyq;fSk;
vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; jilnra;Js;sd. rpy khepyq;fspYk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk; ntspauq;f nghJ
,lq;fs; gytw;wpYk; Gifj;jy; jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy;yiw tpahghhpfs;> Gifapiy cw;gj;jpfis 18 taJf;Ff;
Fiwthd vtUf;Fk; tpw;gid nra;tJ Fw;wkhFk;.
kJ mUe;JtJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;lG+h;tkhapDk; mJ Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuq;fspy; kl;LNk
mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 18 taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j xUtUf;F kJghdj;ij tpw;gJ my;yJ toq;FtJ rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;.
18 taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j vtUk; jkJ tPL Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; md;wp Ntnwq;Fk; kJghdk; mUe;JtJ
27
rl;lj;Jf;F KuzhdjhFk;. kJghdg; ghtidapd; cly;ey jPikfs; gw;wp Nkyjpf; jfty;fisg; ngw mT];jpNuypa
kJghd topfhl;liy (Australian Alcohol Guidelines) thrpf;fTk;.
,izaj; jfty;
• www.alcohol.gov.au
Nghf;Ftuj;J rl;lq;fs;
Nkhl;lhh; thfdk; xd;iwr; nrYj;Jjy; vd;gJ khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fq;fshy;
newpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mT];jpNuypahtpy; thfdk; Xl;Ltjhapd;> FbapUg;ghsh;fs; cs;ehl;L Xl;Leh; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk;
itj;jpUg;gNjhL> thfdk; mtrpak; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpKiwfis kPWtJk;>
gpd;gw;whjpUg;gJk; ngUk; mguhjj;jpw;Fk;> Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpu ,og;gpw;Fk; my;yJ rpiwj;jz;lidf;Fk;
,l;Lr;nry;yf;$Lk;. Nkhl;lhh; tz;bapy; gpuahzk; nra;Ak; midtUk; ,Uf;ifg; gl;bfis mzpjy; fl;lhakhFk;
(my;yJ rpWth;fs;> Foe;ijfs; tplaj;jpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;).
rhujp (Xl;Leh;) mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis gf;fk; 42 ,y; ghh;f;fTk;.
Ntff; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; kJNghijapy; thfdk; Xl;Ljy; Mfpa tplaq;fspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpKiwfs; kpff;
fLikahdit. thfdj;ij Xl;br; nry;ifapy; ifalf;f nry;yplj; njhiyNgrpapy; fijg;gJk; rl;ltpNuhjkhFk;.
kpUfq;fs; kPJ fhUz;ak;

kpUfq;fis tijg;gNjh> myl;rpag;gLj;JtNjh rl;l tpNuhjkhdjhFk;. tPl;L tpyq;fhapDk;> td tpyq;fhapDk;
vy;yh kpUfq;fs; kPJk; fUiz fhl;l Ntz;Lnkd kf;fsplk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. RNjr mT];jpNuypa kpUfq;fs;
gy ghJfhf;fg;gLtNjhL Ntl;ilahLtJ rk;ge;jkhff; fLikahd rl;lq;fSk; cs;sd. jkJ kw;Wk; gpwuJ
,Ug;gplq;fspy; kpUfq;fisf; nfhy;tJ jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ mj;Jld; vj;jifa kpUfq;fis tPLfspy;
itj;jpUf;fyhk; vd;gJ gw;wpa cs;ehl;L rl;ltpjpfSk; cs;sd. ngUk;ghyhd mT];jpNuypah;fs; eha;> G+id my;yJ
gwitfisj; jkJ tPl;bd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; (nfhy;iyg;Gwj;jpy;) tsh;f;fpd;wdh;.
Jg;ghf;fpfSk; Vida MAjq;fSk;

fj;jp> Jg;ghf;fp Nghd;w Majq;fisf; nfhz;L jphptJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;lj;Jf;F KuzhFk;. Ntl;ilahly;>
Fwpghh;j;J RLk; tpisahl;L kw;Wk; gz;izfspd; NjitfSf;nfd Jg;ghf;fp itj;jpUf;f tpUk;Ggth; mjw;Fhpa
mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ijg; ngw Ntz;Lk;. mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngwhikAk; mDkjpg; gj;jpukw;w Jg;ghf;fpia itj;jpUj;jYk;
rl;lj;Jf;F KuzhditahFk;.
Vida rl;lq;fs;
mRj;jg;gLj;jy;> khrilar; nra;jy; my;yJ Kd; mDkjpapd;wp Fg;igfis mfw;wy; kw;Wk; mjpf rg;jk; Vw;gLj;jy;
Nghd;wtw;Wf;F vjpuhfTk; rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; kuz jz;lid fpilahJ.
r%fg; gof;ftof;fq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; kl;LNk gpd;gw;wg;gLk; r%f gof;ftof;fq;fs; kpfr;rpyNtahFk;. vdpDk; rpy tplaq;fisg;
nghWj;jkl;by; mT];jpNuypahtpy; Vida ehLfis tpl mZFKiw kw;Wk; eilKiw Mfpatw;wpy; NtWghLfs;
fhzg;glyhk;. Mifahy; mJ gw;wp re;Njfk; Vw;gLkplj;J ez;gh;> mayth; my;yJ rf Copahplk; tprhhpj;Jj; njhpe;J
nfhs;tJ ey;yJ.
cjhuzkhf> ngUk;ghyhd mT];jpNuypah;fs; jk;NkhL ghpr;raKs;NshUlDk;> rf cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSlDk;
rk;gpujhakw;w rhjhuz el;ig itj;jpUg;gJ nghJthFk;. Ntiyaplq;fspYk;> ez;gh;fs; kj;jpapYk; mT];jpNuypah;fs;
xUtiunahUth; jkJ Kjw;ngaiuf; nfhz;Nl miog;gh;.
28
vdpDk; ,r; rk;gpujhakw;w gof;fk; clw; njhLif tiu nry;yhJ. Kjd; Kjy; re;jpf;Fk;; ,Uth; jj;jkJ
tyf;fuq;fisf; nfhLj;J ifyhF nra;Jnfhs;th;. ghpr;rakpy;yhjth;fs; fl;baizj;jy;> Kj;jkply; vDk; msTf;Fr;
nry;y khl;lhh;fs;.
gzpthd elj;ij
mLj;N;jhUld; njhlh;Gnfhs;tjpYk;> nghUl;fs; my;yJ Nritfsg; ngWjy; vd;gtw;wpYk; ‘gpsP];’ (Please) kw;Wk;
‘Njq;f; A+’ (thank you) Nghd;w gjq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ nghpJk; JizahapUf;Fk;. cq;fsplk; NjePh; Nghd;w
‘VjhtJ tpUk;GfpwPh;fsh?’ vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lhy;> ePq;fs; tpUk;Gtjhapd; ‘na];> gpsP];’ my;yJ ‘gpsP];’ vd;Wk; ePq;fs;
mjid tpUk;ghjtplj;J ‘Neh> Njq;f; A+’ (,y;iy ed;wp) vdTk; $WtJ gzptlf;fkhFk;. ePq;fs; VjhtJ xd;iw
vtuplkpUe;jhtJ ngWfpd;w nghOJ> mjidf; nfhLg;gtUf;F ‘cq;fSf;F ed;wp’ (thank you) vdf; $wp ed;wp
nrhy;tJ khpahijahFk;.
xUtuJ ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;F ‘vf;];fpa+]; kp’ (excuse me) vd;Wk; ,ilQ;ryhf elf;fNth my;yJ NkhjNth
Neh;e;jhy; ‘]hhp’ (sorry) vd;Wk; mT];jpNuypah; $Wth;. mt;thNw nghJ ,lq;fspy; my;yJ NtnwhUtuJ tPl;by;
Vg;gkpl Neh;e;jhy; ‘vf;];fpA+]; kP’ my;yJ ‘ghh;ld; kP’ (pardon me) vdf; $Wth;.
tpahghu epiyak;> tq;fp> mur jpizf;fsk;> rpdpkh my;yJ gyUk; xNu Neuj;jpy; Nritiag; ngwf; fhj;jpUf;Fk;
midj;J ,lq;fspYk; thpirapy; epw;gJ mT];jpNuypahpd; toik. jkJ Neuk; tUk; tiu fhj;jpUg;gJ nghJthf
mth;fsJ tof;fk;. mLj;jth;fSf;F mth;fs; fhl;Lk; khpahijia ,J Rl;bf;fhl;LtNjhL> xt;nthUtUk; jkJ
Njitiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd epahakhd topAk; ,JthFk;.
$l;lq;fs; my;yJ Vida re;jpg;GfSf;F chpa Neuj;jpy; r%fkspg;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhFk;. ePq;fs; jhkjkhfg;
Nghtjhf czh;e;jhy; chpatiuj; njhlh;G nfhz;L mwptpf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;. itj;jpah; Nghd;w cj;jpNahfG+h;t
re;jpg;Gfspd; NghJ ,J kpf Kf;fpakhFk;. Vnddpy; cq;fs; jhkjj;jpw;fhfTk; my;yJ Kd; mwptpj;jy; ,d;wp
re;jpg;igj; jtwtpl;likf;fhfTk; ePq;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j NehpLk;.
ngUk;ghyhd mT];jpNuypah; jkJ %f;if rpe;Jtjw;F iff;Fl;il my;yJ jpRitg; gad;gLj;JthNuad;wp
eilghijia mRj;jg;gLj;jkhl;lhh;fs;. NkYk; nghJ ,lq;fspy; Jg;g khl;lh;fs;. ePq;fs; Jk;Ktijf; fz;lhy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; ‘g;ns]; A+’ (bless you) vd;gh;. ,t;thh;j;ijf;F vt;tpj kj hPjpahd Nehf;fKk; fpilahJ.
jdpg;gl;l Rfhjhuk; (Personal hygiene)

cq;fisAk;> cq;fsJ FLk;gk; kw;Wk; VidNahiuAk; Neha;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;F rpwe;j top cq;fsJ
jdpg;gl;l Rfhuj;ijg; NgZtjhFk;. mT];jpNuypah;fs; czT jahhpf;Fk; Kd;Dk;> rhg;gpLKd;Dk;> Jk;ky; my;yJ
,UkYf;Fg; gpd;Dk;> foptiwfis cgNahfpj;j gpd;Dk;> kpUfq;fisf; ifahz;l gpd;Gk;> my;yJ jkf;Nfh
gpwUf;Nfh Rfhjhu Mgj;Njw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; fpUkpifsg; gug;gf; $ba nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;ljd; gpd;Gk; iffisf;
fOtpf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; jk;ikAk; gpwiuAk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;th;.
czT ghpkhwg;gLk; NghJ fpUkpfs; njhw;Wtijf; jtph;g;gjw;fhf mjw;Fhpa cgfuzq;fis cgNahfpj;Jg;
ghpkhWtJ toikahFk;. mJ nfSf;fp> fuz;b> Kl;fuz;b> kuf;Fr;Rfs; (chopsticks) my;yJ rnyj; rh;th; (salad
server)> Nghd;w vJthfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
cil
kf;fs; mzpfpd;w cil tiffs; fhyepiyfisg; gpujpgypg;gJ Nghd;Nw mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd;
gy;ypdj;jd;ikiaAk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. cil tplaj;jpy; vt;tpj rl;lNkh tpjpKiwNah fpilahJ. vdpDk;
Ntiy epiyikfSf;F chpa cilfis mzpjy; mtrpakhFk; - mNdf Ntiyj;jyq;fs; cil rk;ge;jkhd
eilKiwfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
29
njhopy; GhpAk; ,lj;Jf;F ntspNa cil mzptJ jdpeghpd; njhpTf;F cl;gl;ljhFk; - mNdfkhNdhh; fhyepiy>
r%f #o;epiy my;yJ nrsfhpak; vd;gtw;wpw;F Vw;g cilazpth;. fspahl;l tpLjpfs;> rpdpkhf;fs; Nghd;w
,lq;fSf;F Rj;jkhd cilazpe;J nghWj;jkhd ghjzpAld; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
gy mT];jpNuypah;fs; flw;fiuf;Fk;> flYf;Fk; mUfhikapy; tho;fpd;wdh;. ntg;gk; mjpfkhd ehl;fspy;
flw;fiuapYk; mz;ba gFjpfspYk; mth;fs; ePr;rYilia my;yJ Fiwe;j Milfis mzpth;. flw;fiuf;Nfh
ePr;rYf;Nfh nry;tjw;fhd cilazpNthh; xOf;f newpapy; Fiwe;Njhh; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshfhJ. flw;fiuapYk;
mz;ba ,lq;fspYk; mT];jpNuypah; ,jidNa mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wdh; vd;gNj ,jd; nghUshFk;. rpy mT];jpNuypa
khepyq;fspy; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwe;j> xJf;fg;gl;l Milf;fisg;Gf; flw;fiug; gFjpfs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy;
vj;jifa cilAkpd;wp kf;fs; ePr;rypy; <Lglyhk;.
Vida ehLfisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; mtutH fyhrhuj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Milfis mzpayhk;.
miog;Gfs;
gfYzT> ,uTzT> ghh;gfpA+> cgrhuk;> jpUkz itgtk;> gpwe;j ehs; tpUe;J my;yJ ,J Nghd;w xU epfo;r;rpf;F
ePq;fs; miof;fg;gl;lhy;> mt;tplj;jpNyNah> fbjk; %ykhfNth> njhiyNgrpapNyh> kpd;dQ;rypNyh mjw;Fhpa gjpiy
ePq;fs; nrhy;tJ toikahFk;. ehspd; eLg;gFjpapyhd czT gfYzT (lunch) vdTk; ehspd; khiyg; nghOjpd;
czT ,uTzT (dinner) vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. khiyAzit rpy mT];jpNuypah; ‘NjePh;’ (tea) vdTk; ‘fg;gh’ (cuppa)
vdTk; miog;gJz;L. ,g;gpuNahfk; ,uTzitNah my;yJ nkhop hPjpahf NjePiuNah (cuppa) Fwpf;fyhk;. Mjyhy;
ePq;fs; NjePUf;F miof;fg;gLk; Neuj;jpypUe;J mJ NjePh; tpUe;jh my;yJ ,uT czth vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;fyhk;.
gpw;gfy; 6 kzpf;Fg; (1800 kzp) gpwFs;s miog;ghapd; ngUk;ghYk; mJ ,uT czitNa Fwpf;Fk;.
ePq;fs; tpUe;Jf;fhd miog;ig Vw;gjhapd; ePq;fs; cl;nfhs;s tpUk;ghj czitg; gw;wpAk; miog;gthplk; nrhy;tJ
tof;fkhFk;. ePh; VJk; tpNrl czT Ntz;Ljy;fs; my;yJ czTf;fl;Lg;ghLfis cilatuh vd tpdtg;glf;
$Lk;. ePh; khkprk; mUe;jhj nt[pNlhpad; vd;Nwh my;yJ gd;wp ,iwr;rp rhg;gplhj K];ypk; my;yJ A+jh;
vd;Nwh mth;fsplk; nrhy;YtJ Kw;wpYk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l tplakhFk;. tpUe;J jUgth; mUe;jpdhYk; $l ePq;fs;
tpUk;ghtpl;lhy; ePq;fs; kJghdk; mUe;j Ntz;bajpy;iy.
FLk;gq;fsJ khwptUk; gq;F

ghuk;ghpa mT];jpNuypaf; FLk;gk; je;ij> jha; kw;Wk; gps;isfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. Vida FLk;gq;fs; ntt;NtW
mikg;GfisAk; msitAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ngw;Nwhhpy; xUtiu kl;Lk; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs;> ,uz;lhk; jhu kw;Wk;
fyg;Gf; FLk;gq;fs;> xhpdr; Nrhbfs;> Kiwahd jpUkzkpd;wp xd;whf thOk; Nrhbfs; (B ngf;Nlh cwT - de-facto
relationships) vd gytiff; FLk;gq;fs; ,q;F cs;sd. Kiwahd jpUkzkpd;wp jk;gjpah; ,ize;J thOk; B
ngf;Nlh cwTKiwfs; mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;litahFk;.
mT];jpNuypa FLk;gq;fSf;Fs; gq;fspg;GfSk; NtWglyhk;. rpy FLk;gq;fspy; gpujhd ciog;ghsp jhahf ,Uf;f
je;ij tPl;by; ,Ue;J gps;isfisg; guhkhpg;gtuhapUg;ghh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; jpUkzk; vd;gJ ,Ujug;gpdUk; jpUkzk; Kbf;f tpUk;gpdhNyNa eilngWk;. jpUkzj;Jf;Fhpa
Mff; Fiwe;j tanjy;iy 18 MFk;. vdpDk; mij tplf; Fiwe;j 16 my;yJ 17 taJila xUthpd; jpUkzj;ij
mrhjhuz epiyapy; ePjpkd;wk; mq;fPfhpf;fyhk;. xNu rkaj;jpy; xd;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fzth;fisNah> kidtpaiuNah
itj;jpUg;gJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ.
Kd;khjphp mT];jpNuypad; ahh;?

mT];jpNuypaUf;Nf cupj;jhd milahsk; gw;wpAk;> chpa gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l ‘Kd;khjphpahd’ mT];jpNuypah;
cz;lh vd;gJ gw;wpAk; mz;ikf; fhykhf epiwaNt Ngrg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
gpugykhd khjphpfSf;Ff; (stereotypes) Fiwtpy;iy. Mdhy; rpyNghJ mit xd;Nwhnlhd;W Kuz;gLk; NghJ
Fog;gkilar; nra;fpwJ.
30
cjhuzkhf:
• mT];jpNuypah; Nkyhjpf;fk; gw;wp Mo;e;j Iak; nfhz;l jiytzq;fh mNgj thjpfs; - vdpDk; nghJthf
rl;lj;ij kjpj;J mDrhpj;J elg;ghh;fs;.
• ehl;Lg; Gwq;fspYk;> fpuhkg; gFjpfspYk; tho;fpd;w Fiwthfg; NgRk; jd;ikAilath;fs; mT];jpNuypah; - mNj
Ntis mth;fspy; mNefh; efuq;fspd; efu tho;f;if elj;Jgth;.
• mT];jpNuypah;fs; efuthrpfshapDk; ehl;LthrpfshapDk; mth;fs; jpwe;j kdg;ghd;ikAs;sth;fs; - jhk; nrhy;y
tpUk;Gtij Neubahfr; nrhy;gth;fs;.
• kf;fSf;F chpa epahakhd tha;g;ig toq;Fjy; (fair go) vDk; nfhs;if kPJ mT];jpNuypah; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;Ls;sdh;. (mT];jpNuypa Mq;fpyk; (Australian English) vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; ‘/ngah; Nfh’ gw;wpa
tiutpyf;fzj;ij thrpf;fyhk;) ghh;f;f gf;fk; 32.
• mT];jpNuypah; jkJ rfghb (ez;gh;) fSf;fhfTk;> tha;g;gw;w kw;Wk; Njhy;tpAWk; epiyapYs;NshUf;fhfTk;
(underdog) Mjutspg;gh;. (xUtUf;F vjpuhfg; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wp ngWk; re;jh;g;gkw;wtH vd ek;gg;gLk;
Nghl;bahsiuNa ‘underdog’ vd;w ,g;gjk; Fwpf;Fk;.
• mT];jpNuypah;fs; gq;Nfw;gtHfshfTk;> ghh;itahsh;fshfTk; ,Ue;J jkJ tpisahl;Lfspy; Mh;tk;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;.
jkJ gphpj;jhdpag; ghuk;gupak; my;yJ mz;ikf; fhykhf mnkhpf;fhTldhd gykhd cwTfs; my;yJ Aj;jj;Jf;Fg;
gpe;jpa Afj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahTf;Ff; Fbngah;e;j kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd Gjpa FbNawpfshy; mT];jpNuypah; ve;j
msTf;F nry;thf;Ff;F cl;gl;Ls;sdH vd;gJ gw;wpAk; fUj;JNtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd.
Mrpa - gRgpf; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; mike;Js;s jkJ Gtpapay; epiyAld; xj;Jg;Nghf Kaw;rpf;Fk; INuhg;gpah;fshf
mT];jpNuypah;fs; rpy Ntisfspy; Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;> mNjNtis Gtpapay; epiyapd; fhuzkhf
Mrpa nkhopfisg; NgRk; ngUe;njhifapduhd mT];jpNuypah;fisf; nfhz;l mT];jpNuypah Mrpaf; fz;lj;jpd;
EiothapyhfTk; Nehf;fg;gLfpwJ.
th];jtk; vd;dntdpy; Vida ,lq;fspYs;s kf;fisg; Nghd;Nw mT];jpNuypah;fis xU khjphpf;Fs;
nfhz;Ltu KbahJ. gpugy;akhd rpy Njhw;wg;ghLfis mth;fs; nfhz;bUg;gJ cz;ikNa. mj;jifa rpy
Njhw;wg;ghLfSldhtJ ngUk;ghd;ik mT];jpNuypah;fs; xj;Jg;Nghfpd;wdH. vdpDk; vtw;iw ve;j msTf;Fg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ jdpegiug; nghWj;j tplakhFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhak;
mT];jpNuypaNuhL kpf neUf;fkhf cs;s rpy gz;Gfshff; fUfg;gLfpd;w Njhoik (el;G [mateship])> epahak;
Ngzy; (fair go) Nghd;wd cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; cs;s kf;fshy; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLk; gz;GfshFk;.
kpifahd fUiziAk;> epaha czh;Tk;> ez;gh;fSf;fhd tpRthrKk; mT];jpNuypah;fSf;Nf cupj;jhdJ vd;W
nrhy;tjw;fpy;iy.
,t;tplaq;fisg; gw;wpa mT];jpNuypa rpwg;gk;rk; vd;dntdpy; ,it mT];jpNuypa tuyhw;wpYk; mT];jpNuypa
kdg;ghq;fpYk; Mog; gjpe;Js;sd vd;gNjahFk;.
mT];jpNuypahTf;F te;j Muk;gf; FbNawpfs; vjph;nfhz;l ghpr;;rakw;w> fLikahd> ngUk;ghYk; tpNuhjkhd
#o;epiyia vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Clhf Njhoik kw;Wk; epahak; Ngzy; Nghd;w Nfhl;ghLfs;
tsh;r;rpaile;jd. mit mT];jpNuypahtpd; cl;Gwq;fspy; tho;e;j gpd;te;j guk;giufspd; Mz; ngz; ,U ghyuhYk;
nts;sk;> jP> tul;rp Nghd;w ,lh;fspd; NghJ xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; MjuT %yk; kPsg; gyg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
epa+ rt;j; Nty;rpd; fpnud;/ngy; jq;ftay;fspy; 1867 ,y; gpwe;j n`d;wp Nyht;rd;> me;j Afj;jpd; tuyhw;iwj;
njhFj;j kpfg; gpujhdkhdth;. mT];jpNuypa ehl;Lg;Gw tho;f;ifapy; Njhoik Fwpj;J vspik> ,uf;fj; jd;ikAld;
mth; vOjpdhh;. mT];jpNuypa ehl;Lg;Gwg; gFjpfspy; Mz;fs;> ngz;fspd; tho;f;if epiy gw;wpAk;> khdpluJ
nfsutk; gw;wpAk; mth; vOjpdhh;.
31
khngUk; Nghh; vd rpyNtisfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;w Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk; kw;Wk; fypNghypapy; md;]f; tPuh;fsJ
Nghh; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mT];jpNuypah;fs; ngw;w mDgtq;fshy; Njhoikg; gz;Gk;> tpRthrKk; mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspy;
Mog;gjpe;J tsk; ngw;wd.
Muk;gfhyk; njhl;L mT];jpNuypah;fs; Ngzpf;fhj;Jte;j ,J Nghd;w ,d;Dk; gy gz;Gfs; gpw;fhyq;fspy; INuhg;gh>
mnkhpf;fh> Mrpah> Mg;gphpf;fh kw;Wk; kj;jpaf; fpof;F ehLfspy; ,Ue;J te;J FbNawpa kpy;ypad; fzf;fhNdhhpd;
nry;thf;fpdhy; Glkplg;gl;L> ts%l;lg;gl;L ,d;Wk; caph; tho;fpd;wd.
mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; tjptpl me;j];J ngw;wth;fSk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; gz;ghl;Lf;Fk; fyhrhuj;Jf;Fk; ts%l;bdh;.
Gjpa ghuk;ghpaq;fSk; kdg;ghq;FfSk; cUthf ,tHfs; Jiz epd;wdh;. tpahghuk; Kjy; fiy tiu> rikay;
Kjy; tpflk; tiu vd mT];jpNuypa tho;tpd; midj;J mk;rq;fSf;Fk; nkU$l;Ltdthf mth;fsJ gq;fspg;G
fhj;jpukhdjha; mike;jJ.
njhz;lh; Nrit – eilKiwj; Njhoik

vj;jifa rk;gsKk; ,d;wp> rKfg; gzpfspy; Ra tpUg;gj;Jld; njhz;L Gupgth;fs; vd ngah; ngw;wth;fs;
mT];jpNuypah;fs;. 18 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l MW kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mT];jpNuypah;fs; RatpUg;gj; njhz;lh;fshfr;
nraw;gLfpd;wdh;. mtrufhy Nritfs;> r%f eyd;> #oy;; ghJfhg;G> epjp Nrfhpg;G> Kfhikj;Jtk;> fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk;
eph;thfk; vd gy;NtW Jiwfspy; mth;fs; cjtp tUfpd;wdh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; fhl;Lj; jPaizg;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk; mtrufhy cjtp toq;Fk; mjpfhhpfspy; mNdfkhNdhh;
njhz;lh;fshth;.
xU fzpg;gPl;bd; gb njhz;L nra;Nthhpy; 47 rjtPjkhNdhh; r%fj;jpw;Fg; gzp Gupa Ntz;Lk; vd;w czh;Tf;fhfTk; 43
rjtPjkhNdhh; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mjpy; ngWk; kdj;jpUg;jpf;fhfTk; mj;jifa gzpfspy; <LgLtjhff; $wpAs;sdh;.
,izaj; jfty;
• mT];jpNuypa njhz;lh; gzp www.volunteeringaustralia.org
mT];jpNuypa Mq;fpyk;
Mq;fpyk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa nkhopahf cs;s mNjNtis> gutyhd cgNahfk; fhuzkhf rpy nrhw;fSk;>
nrhw;nwhlh;fSk; mT];jpNuypahTf;Nf chpa jdpj;Jtkhd gpuNahfq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; rpy> Gjpjhf
tUgtUf;F Mr;rhpakhdjhf my;yJ Fog;gkhdjhfj; Njhd;wyhk;.
,j;jifa Ngr;Rtof;fpYs;s my;yJ nfhr;irahd nrhw;fs; gy;NtW %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J cUntLj;jit. mtw;wpy;
rpy ePz;l nrhw;fspd; RUf;fq;fshFk;. ngUk;ghyhdit> tlf;F ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ,Ue;J te;J FbNawpath;fs; Vw;fdNt
cgNahfpj;j nrhw;nwhlh;fs;. mit gpd;dh; mT];jpNuypa tof;fpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ld. mT];jpNuypah;fs; nrhw;fis
RUf;fpr; nrhy;Yk; gof;fk; cilath;fs;. cjhuzkhf fhy;g; ge;jhl;lj;ij ‘/Gl;b’ (footy) vd;Wk; nlyptp~id
‘nly;yp’ (telly) vd;Wk; ghh;ngfpA+ vd;gij ‘ghh;gp’ (barbie) vd;Wk; $Wth;.
mT];jpNuypaUf;Nf chpj;jhd jiytzq;fhikAk;> Jd;gpay; mDgtq;fSk; fye;j eifr;RitAld; ,j;jifa rpy
thh;;ijfs; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w NghJ rpyNtis Fog;g%l;lf;$bajhfj; Njhd;wyhk;.
nrhy;yg;gl;l thh;j;ij Ghpatpy;iynadpd;> nrhd;dthplNk mjid tpsf;ff; NfhUtjpy; jg;gpy;iy.
ePq;fs; mbf;fb nrtpkLf;f Neuplf; $ba rpy gpuNahfq;fis ,q;F jUfpNwhk;.
Arvo: ,J afternoon vd;w nrhy;ypd; RUf;fk; – drop by this arvo vd;why; gpd;gfy; te;J re;jpAq;fs; vd;W nghUs;.
Barbecue, BBQ, Barbie: nghJthf ,iwr;rpia ,Uk;Gj; jl;lj;jpy; my;yJ cNyhfj; jl;by; itj;J thA my;yJ
fhp ghtpj;J tPl;Lf;F ntspNa Rl;Lr; rikg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j ,iwr;rp ryhJ my;yJ ghZld; (nuhl;bAld;)
32
ghpkhwg;gLk;. ghHngf;A+Tf;F miof;fg;gl;lhy; jhDk; VjhtJ nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lkh vd tprhhpg;gJ tpUe;jhspapd;
toik. Snag vd;gJ ghh;gf;fpa+tpy; rikf;fg;gLk; xU tif nrhN][; (sausage) MFk;. mJ gd;wp> khl;L my;yJ
Nfhop ,iwr;rpahNyh fha;fwpfshNyh my;yJ jhdpaq;fshNyh nra;ag;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
Barrack for: Mjuthspj;jy;> cw;rhf%l;ly; (Fwpg;ghf xU tpisahl;Lf; FOtpw;F)
Bloke: xU kdpjidf; Fwpf;Fk;. rpyNtiy ePq;fs; xUthplk; cjtp Nfhhpdhy; mth; ‘mNjh me;j kdpjiu (bloke)
ehlTk;’ vd gjpyspf;ff; $Lk;
Bring a plate: ePh; xU tpUe;Jf;F my;yJ rlq;fpw;F miof;fg;gl;L ‘bring a plate’ vd;Wk; $wg;gl;lhy;>
tpUe;jspg;gtUlDk;> tpUe;jpdh;fSlDk; gfph;e;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf VjhtJ xU jl;L czit ePq;fSk; nfhz;L
thUq;fs; vd;gJ mjd; nghUshFk;. ghlrhiy> Ntiy ,lq;fs;> fofq;fs;> Nghd;w r%f xd;W$ly;fspy;
,t;toik nghJthFk;. vijf; nfhz;L nry;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpa njspT ,y;yhj NghJ mioj;jthplNk Nfl;Lg;
Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;.
BYO: cq;fSf;F te;j miog;gpjopy; ‘BYO’ vdf; Fwpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mjd; nghUs;> cq;fSf;Fupa Fbghdq;fis
ePq;fs; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ePq;fs; kJghdk; mUs;Jtjpy;iynadpy;> nkd;ghdk;> Nrhlh> gor;rhw;iw
my;yJ jz;zPiu ePq;fs; vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;. rpy czT tpLjpfs; ‘BYO’ Kiw nfhz;lit. ckf;Fupa
kJghdq;fis ePq;fs; mq;F vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;. MapDk; Gl;bfisj; jpwj;jy;> ghpkhWjy;> fpz;zq;fis toq;Fjy;>
Rj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;;fhf ‘fhh;f;Nf[;’ (corkage) vdg;gLk; Nritf;fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;.
Cuppa: ,J NjePh; my;yJ fhg;gpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. ‘Drop by this arvo for a cuppa’ vd;why; ‘,d;W gpw;gfy; NjePh;
my;yJ fhg;gp mUe;j thUq;fs;.’ vd;gJ nghUs;.
Digger: Xh; mT];jpNuypa ,uhZt tPud;.
Go for your life: Mkhk;> Kd;Nd nry;Yq;fs;.
G’day: `Nyh> vg;gb Rfk;?
Fair go: rkkhf elj;Jjy;. tho;f;ifapy; xUth; vjidAk; milag; ngWtjhapd; mJ mtuJ jpwikfs;> ciog;G>
Kaw;rp vd;gdtw;wpd; tpisthf md;wp gpwg;ghNyh my;yJ rpghh;rpdhNyh ngw;wjhf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ vd;gJ ,jd;
nghUs;.
Fortnight: ,g;gjkhdJ ,uz;L thu fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk.;
No worries: ve;jg; gpur;rpidAk; ,y;iy. Ntiy my;yJ Ntz;LNfhs; vt;tpj ,ilQ;rYkpd;wp RKfkhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Ocker: xU Kul;Lj;jdKs;s> gz;G eakw;w> jPtpu ehl;Lg; gw;W nfhz;l xU mT];jpNuypad; / my;yJ
mT];jpNuypaDf;NfAhpa gz;Gfshd tpflk;> cjtp Ghpjy;> Mf;fG+h;tj; jd;ik Mfpatw;iwg; gpujpgypf;Fk; xU

mT];jpNuypad;.
Shout: xUtUf;fhf Fbghdk; thq;Fjy;. kJghdk; mUe;Jk; tpLjpfspy; ez;gh;fs; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;
xt;nthUtUk; xU Kiw ‘shout a round’ nra;tJ> mjhtJ xU Rw;W kJghdk; thq;fp xt;nthUtUf;Fk; nfhLg;gJ
toikahFk;.
To be crook: Neha;tha;g;gl;L my;yJ RftPdKw;wpUj;jy;.
mT];jpNuypa Ngr;R nkhop kw;Wk; nfhr;irahd gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wpa gy Gj;jfq;fs; cs;sd. Macquarie Dictionary
Book of Slang mtw;wpy; xd;whFk;.
nfhz;lhl;lq;fSk; tpLKiwfSk;
Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; my;yJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rpy ehl;fis xt;nthU tUlKk;
mT];jpNuypah;fs; epidT $h;fpd;wdh;.
33
mNdfkhd mT];jpNuypaj; njhopyhsh;fs; mth;fsJ tUlhe;j tpLKiwfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf 12 Njrpa kw;Wk;
khepy / vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa tpLKiw jpdq;fisg; ngWfpd;wdh;.
,tw;wpy; rpy jpdq;fs; toikahf vy;yh khepyq;fspYk;> vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk; xNu ehspy; midtuhYk;
mD~;bf;fg;gLfpd;w tpLKiw jpdq;fshFk;. ,tw;wpy; rpy Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; tpNrl itgtq;fSld; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;.
rpy cs;@h; tpLKiw jpdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l khepyq;fspy; my;yJ vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; khj;jpuk; mD~;bf;fg;gLk;.
fpwp];k]; kw;Wk; <];lh;: fpwp];jt fhyz;lhpy; cs;s kpf Kf;fpa ,U jpdq;fs; mT];jpNuypah KOtJk;
nghJ tpLKiwahf mD~;bf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fpwp];k]; xt;nthU brk;gh; 25 ,Yk; <];lh; jpdk; khh;r; ,Wjpapy;
my;yJ Vg;uy; Muk;gj;jpYk; tUk;.
ghf;rpq; jpdk;
ghf;rpq; jpdkhfpa brk;gh; 26 Mk; jpfjp nghJ tpLKiw jpdkhFk;. ,e;j ehspy; ghf;rpq; - Fj;Jr; rz;ilg; Nghl;bfs;
ele;jpUf;fyhk; vdTk; my;yJ ngl;bfspy; ghpRg; nghUl;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vdTk; gyh; fUJfpd;wdh;.
fpwp];k]; gz;bifapidr; rhh;e;jjhfNt ghf;rpq; jpdKk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
GJ tUl jpdkhfpa [dthp khjk; 1 Mk; jpfjp nghJ tpLKiw jpdkhFk;. brk;gh; eLg;gFjpapypUe;J
[dthp KbAk; tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ngUk;ghyhd mT];jpNuypah;fs; jkJ tUlhe;ju tpLKiwfis vLj;Jf;
nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
,d;Dk; rpy Kf;fpa Njrpa jpdq;fshtd:
mT];jpNuypah jpdk;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; 1788 ,y; KjyhtJ INuhg;gpa FbNaw;wk; epfo;e;j ehshfpa [dthp 26 Mk; jpfjpia
mT];jpNuypa jpdk; vd mT];jpNuypah;fs; mD~;bf;fpd;wdh;. ,J Njrpa nghJ tpLKiw jpdk;. Gjpjha;f;
FbNawpNahh;fs; mT];jpNuypa jpd itgtq;fspy; fye;Jnfhz;L Vida mT];jpNuypah;fisr; re;jpf;fyhk;.
md;]f; jpdk;
Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mT];jpNuypa epA+rpyhe;J ,uhZtj; JUg;Gf;fs; (md;rf;];) JUf;fpapd;
fypnghyp jPtpy; 1915> Vg;uy; 25 Mk; jpfjp jiuapwq;fpaij md;]f; jpdk; Fwpf;fpwJ. mT];jpNuypahTf;fhf
Nghu; Gupe;jtHfisAk;> Nghupy; kbe;jth;fisAk; epidT $h;tjw;nfd ,e;ehs; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Njrpa
nghJtpLKiw jpdk;. ,uhZt mzptFg;Gfs;> kyh;tisak; itj;jy; kw;Wk; NtW itgtq;fSld; ,e;ehs;
mD~;bf;fg;gLk;.
kfhuhzpapd; gpwe;j jpdk;
Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah jtpu vy;yh khepyq;fspYk;> vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk; [{d; khj ,uz;lhk; jpq;fl; fpoik
tUlhtUlk; kfhuzpahtpd; gpwe;j jpdk; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;. ,J nghJtpLKiw jpdkhFk;. Nkw;F mT];jpNuypahtpy;
,J nrg;lk;gh; my;yJ mf;Nlhghpy; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;.
mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikj; jpdk;
mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikj; jpdk; 2001 nrg;lk;gh; 17k; jpfjp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 1948 Mk; Mz;bd; Njrpak; kw;Wk;
FbAhpikr; rl;lkhdJ 1973k; Mz;by;; mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikr; rl;lk; (Australian Citizenship Act) vd ngah;
khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gjw;fhf ,J Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpdk;> mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikapd; mh;j;jj;ijAk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk;> ek;ikg; gpizj;jpUf;Fk; tpOkpaq;fisf; nfhz;lhlTk; mT];jpNuypah;fSf;F
re;jh;g;gk; toq;FfpwJ. vdpDk;> ,J nghJ tpLKiw jpdkd;W.
nky;gh;d; Nfhg;ig jpdk;
xt;nthU tUlKk; etk;gh; khj KjyhtJ nrt;tha;f; fpoik nky;gh;d; Nfhg;ig jpdkhFk;. ,J cyfg; gpurpj;jp
ngw;w Fjpiug; ge;jaf; Nfhg;igahFk;. ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs;> Ntiyj; jsj;jpy;> ghlrhiyapy; my;yJ tPl;by;
,Ug;gpDk; njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; ,g;ge;jaj;ijf; fhz;gh;. Nky;gh;d; khefupy;; ,J nghJtpLKiw jpdkhFk;. NtW
34
,lq;fspy;> Fwpg;ghf njhopy; ghh;f;Fk; ,lq;fspy; gyh; xd;W $b gfYzT mUe;jp my;yJ tpUe;Jz;L fspj;J
nky;gh;d; Nfhg;igiaf; nfhz;lhLth;.
tpisahl;L> nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; fiyfs;

gy mT];jpNuypah;fs;; tpisahl;il tpUk;Gfpd;wdh; kw;Wk; mNefh; mj;Jiwapy; rpwe;j gy rhjidfisAk;
Gupe;Js;sdh;. 2004k; Mz;L vnjd;]; xypk;gpf; Nghl;bfspy;> nkhj;jg; gjf;fg; gl;baypy; mnkhpf;fh> rPdh kw;Wk;
u~;ahTf;F mLj;jgbahf ehd;fhtJ ,lj;ij mT];jpNuypah ngw;wJ. fhy;ge;jhl;l cyff; Nfhg;igf;fhd 2006 Mk;
Mz;L Nghl;bfspy; ,Wjp 16 ehLfs; tiu mT];jpNuypah Kd;NdwpaJ.
cah; kl;l mT];jpNuypah;fs; kl;Lk; tpisahl;Lfspy; kfpo;gth;fsy;yh;. mz;ikapy; elj;jg;gl;l Njrpa kl;lf;
fzpg;gPnlhd;wpd; gb gjpide;Jf;Fk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taijAk; nfhz;l 11 kpy;ypad; mT];jpNuypah;fs; thuj;jpw;F
Fiwe;jJ xU Kiw clw;gapw;rpapYk;> nghOJNghf;fpYk;> tpisahl;LfspYk; <LgLtjhfj; njhpate;Js;sJ. <LghL
nfhs;Nthupd; rjtPjk; fpl;lj;jl;l 70 tpOf;fhlhFk;.
elj;jy;> jpwe;jntsp clw;gapw;rp/cly;eyk;> ePr;ry;> irf;fpNshl;lk;> nldp];> Fopg;ge;jhl;lk; (golf)> Xl;lk;> fhl;by;
elj;jy;> fhy;ge;J> tiyg;ge;J vd;gd kpfg;; gpugy;akhd 10 clw;gapw;rpfshFk;.
fphpf;nfl;;> `hf;fp> gdpr; rUf;fy; vd;gdTk; Vida gpugy;akhd tpisahl;LfshFk;.
mT];jpNuypah;fs;> uf;gp yPf;> uf;gp a+dpad; kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypa tpjpfs; fhy;ge;J (Australian Rules Football)
Nghd;wtw;wpy; <LgLtjpYk; – kw;Wk; urpg;gjpYk; – Mh;tk; fhl;Lth;. mT];jpNuypa tpjpfs; fhy;ge;jhdJ uf;gp kw;Wk;
Nfypf; fhw;ge;J (Gaelic football) tpisahl;Lfspd; Muk;g epiyikfspy; ,Ue;J cUg; ngw;w> mT];jpNuypahTf;Nf
jdpj;Jtkhd xU tif tpisahl;lhFk;.
ntspauq;f tpisahl;LfSf;F mT];jpNuypah kpfg; nghUj;jkhd ,lk; vdpDk; gpd;tUk; rpy ghJfhg;G tpjpfis
epidtpy; itj;jpUg;gJ eyk;.
• flw;fiuNahuq;fspy;> caph; fhg;ghsh;fs; Nuhe;jpy; <LgLk; ,lq;fspy; khj;jpuk; ePr;rypy; ,wq;fTk;. vg;NghJk;
nfhbfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l gFjpapy; ePe;jTk; kw;Wk; vy;yhf; fiuNahuq;fspYk; caph;f; fhg;ghsh;fs; ,y;iy
vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;sTk;.
• Fwpg;ghf xJf;Fg; Gwkhd ,lq;fspy; jdpahf ePe;JtijNah> kPd; gpbg;gijNah jtph;f;fTk;.
• njhg;gp> Fsph;f; fz;zhb> (Nkw;rl;il Nghd;w) ghJfhg;G Mil Nghd;wtw;iw mzpaTk;. epoyhd ,lj;ij mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypa rKjhak;
ehlTk;. ntg;gk; mjpfKs;s ehl;fspy; #upa vupT> Njhy; Gw;WNeha; vd;wtw;wpypUe;J fhj;Jf; nfhs;s fhg;G
kUe;Jfisj; jltpf; nfhs;sTk;.
• rfy tpj jP %l;LjYk; jilnra;ag;glLs;sjhf mwptpf;fg;gLk; ehl;fspy; jpwe;j ntspfspy; jP %l;LtNjh>
ghh;ngf;A+ nra;tNjh mDkjpf;fg; gLtjpy;iy vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;.
fhj;jpukhd fiyj; Jiw

Njrj;jpd; G+h;tPff; FbfsJ fyhrhug; ghuk;ghpaq;fisAk;> FbNawpfsJ fyhrhuq;fsJ fyitiaAk; gpujpgypf;fpd;w
cw;rhfkhd fyh eltbf;iffs; mT];jpNuypahtpy; jhuhskhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
rpdpkh> mofpay; fiy> ehlfk; kw;Wk; rq;fPjk; cl;gl rfy fhl;rp kw;Wk; ehlf fyh tbtq;fs; midj;Jk;
kf;fsplk; ngUk; tuNtw;igg; ngWfpd;wd. xU fzpg;gPl;bd;gb 13 kpy;ypad; taJ te;j mT];jpNuypah;fs;> my;yJ 88
rjtPjkhNdhh; tUlj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ xUKiwahtJ fyhrhu epfo;r;rpnahd;wpidf; fz;L urpf;fpd;wdh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; ,yf;fpag; ghuk;ghpaKk; gyk; tha;e;jJ. mT];jpNuypa G+u;tPff; Fbfspd; fijnrhy;Yk;
tof;fj;jpy; Muk;gpj;j ,g; ghuk;ghpak; 18 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpg; ghfj;jpy; ,q;F te;j jz;lidf; ifjpfspd;
tha;topf; fijfs; %yk; njhlh;e;jJ.
35
,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; Nehgy; ghpir 1973k; Mz;by; mT];jpNuypauhd gl;hpf; itl; vDk; ehtyhrphpah;
ntd;whh;. gPlh; nfhP> gpiu]; nfhl;dP> nfhyPd; kf;Y}> nkhhP]; nt];l; kw;Wk; bk; tpd;ld; Nghd;Nwhh; 20 Mk;
E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;e;j gpugy;akhd mT];jpNuypa ehtyhrphpah;fshth;.
,izaj; jfty;
• njhlh;ghly;> jfty;> njhopy; El;gk; kw;Wk; fiyfs; jpizf;fsk; www.dcita.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypah fTd;rpy; www.ozco.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa tpisahl;L Mizak; www.ausport.gov.au
mwptpay; rhjidahsh;fSk; fz;Lgpbg;ghsh;fSk;

mT];jpNuypah;fs;> Fwpg;ghf kUj;Jtk;> njhopy; El;gk;> tptrhak;> Ruq;fj; njhopy; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj; Jiw Nghd;wd
cl;gl mwptpay; tpQ;Qhdj; JiwapYk;> Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;GfspYk; gykhd gy rhjidfisg; Gupe;Js;sh;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; KjyhtJ Gjpd cUthf;fpfs; G+u;tPff; Fbfshth;. cyfpd; Guhjd fy; fUtpfs;> G+kuhq;F
(boomerang), (Kiwg;gb vwpe;jhy; vwpe;jth; iff;Nf kPsTk; te;J NrUk; xU tif tisjb) kw;Wk; T+nkuh
(woomera) (<l;b vwptjw;Fg; gad;gLk; gpb) Nghd;wtw;iw mth;fs; tbtikj;jdh;.
mz;ikf; fhyf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; xd;whf nghypkh; (polymer) tq;fpg; gj;jpuq;fis (gz Nehl;Lfs;)
tbtikj;jikiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,it cs;shh;e;j ghJfhg;G mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sNjhL Vida tq;fpg;
gj;jpuq;fis tpl ehd;F klq;F mjpf fhyk; ePbf;fty;yJ. cyfpd; gaph;fsJ cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfhpf;Fk; jhtu
kugZitf; fz;Lgpbj;jikAk; Kf;fpahkhdJ. kUj;Jtj; Jiw rhh;e;j rhjidfspYk;> ntbf;fhj ntbkUe;JfisAk;
fz;zp ntbfisAk;; fz;lwptjw;fhd xU njhopy; El;gj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jjpYk; mT];jpNuypah;fs; Kd;dzp
tfpf;fpd;wdh;.
cyfpd; KjyhtJ ,d;/GYtd;rh (influenza) fha;r;rYf;F vjph;g;G kUe;jhd Relenza it cw;gj;jp nra;jikAk;>
R+upa xspahy; Njhypy; Vw;;gl;l Gw;WNeha; gFjpfisj; Njbf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; rhjdKk;> fh;g;gg; igapd; fOj;Jg;
gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; Gw;WNeha;f;fhd jLg;G kUe;Jk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpy mz;ikf;fhy kUj;Jt rhjidfshFk;.
kUj;Jt my;yJ tpQ;Qhd hPjpahd rhjidfSf;fhf xd;gJ mT];jpNuypah;fs; Nehgy; ghpR ngw;Ws;sdh;. kpf
mz;ikapy; Nguhrphpah; nghp khh;~y; kw;Wk; lhf;lh; uhgpd; Nthud; MfpNahh; tapw;W mow;rpiaAk; Fly; mow;rpiaAk;
Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; gf;Bupahitf; fz;Lgpbj;jikf;fhf Nehgy; ghpir 2005 ,y; ngw;wdh;. Neha;f;fhg;Gj; Jiwapy; rhjid
epfo;j;jpaikf;fhf Nguhrphpah; gPlh; Nlhn`h;b 2006 ,y; Nehgy; ghpR ngw;whh;.
xt;nthU tUlKk; mT];jpNuypa jpdj;jpy; tUlj;jpd; ‘rpwe;j mt];jpNuypah;’ ahh; vd;gJ mwptpf;fg;gLk;. 2005>
2006 kw;Wk; 2007Mk; Mz;Lfspy; tUlj;jpd; rpwe;j mT];jpNuypauhfj; njhpthNdhh; tpQ;Qhdpfs; Mth;. jPf;fhak;
Vw;gl;Nlhhpd; clypy; G+rf; $ba xUtif njsp kUe;ij Gul;rpfukhf cw;gj;jp nra;j lhf;lh; gpNahdh T+l; 2005 ,y;
,t;tpUijg; ngw;whh;. fh;g;gg; ig fOj;Jg;gFjpapy; cz;lhFk; Gw;WNeha;f;fhd jLg;G kUe;ij fz;Lgpbj;jikf;fhf
2006 ,y; Nguhrphpah; ,ad; /gpNu]Uf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. 2007 Mk; Mz;by;; Kd;dzp Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oy;
ghJfhg;G tpQ;Qhdpahd bk; gpnsdhp rpwe;j mT];jpNuypauhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;.
lhf;lh; T+l; kw;Wk; Nguhrpah; /gpNurh; Mfpa ,UtUk; Kd;dhs; gphpj;jhdpa FbNawpfshth;. Nguhrpah; /gpNurUld;
fz;Lgpbg;gpy; fye;J nfhz;l ,iz tpQ;Qhdp rPdhtpy; ,Ue;J te;J mT];jpNuypahtpy; FbNawpa fhyQ;nrd;w
lhf;lh; [pahd; rpa+ Mthh;. ,th; ,wg;gjw;F Kd;dh; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahfp ,Ue;jhh;.
,izaj; jfty;
• fy;tp> tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; gapw;Wtpj;jy; ,yhfh www.dest.gov.au
• mT];jpNuypa Mw;wYf;F MjuT www.innovation.gov.au
• nghJeytha tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; njhopy;Jiw Ma;T epWtdk; www.csiro.au
36
mT];jpNuypahtpy; trpj;jy;
njhopy;tha;g;Gk; Ntiyr; #o;epiyfSk;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; njhopyhsh; re;ij Nghl;b epiwe;jJ. Gjpjhf tUgth;fs; vt;tsT tpiutpy; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
xU njhopiyj; Njbf; nfhs;s ,aYk; vd;gJ nghUshjhuf; fhuzpfs;> xUtuJ jFjpfs;> jpwikfs;> NjLk; njhopy;
tif> ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspYk; Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy;tha;g;gpy; jhf;fk; tpistpf;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy #o;epiyfs;
Nghd;wtw;iw nghWj;Nj mikAk;.
mT];jpNuypahTf;F tUtjw;F Kd;dNu> FbNawpfs; jkf;Fhpa njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; gw;wpAk; jhk; nra;a tpUk;Gk;
njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd tpNrl epge;jidfis gw;wpAk; Njb mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; mT];jpNuypahtpy;
gy njhopy;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; tpz;zg;gjhupfs; mT];;jpNuypahtpd; khepy my;yJ vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa njhopy;rhH
,irT ikaj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ltuhf my;yJ mjdplkpUe;J mDkjp ngw;wtuhf ,Uj;jy; my;yJ cah; njhopy;
my;yJ ifj;njhopy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l epUtdq;fspy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngWk; jFjpiag; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; Ntiy nra;NthUf;fhd rk;gsk; kw;Wk; #o;epiyfs;> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fshy; jPh;khdpf;fg;glyhk;.
• Fwpg;gpl;l njhopypw;Fupa eph;zapf;fg;gl;l rk;gsk;
• xU rl;l uPjpahd cld;gbf;if (mT];jpNuypag; gzpapl cld;gbf;if my;yJ $l;L cld;gbf;if) my;yJ
• xU nghJthd rl;l cld;ghL.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; rfytpj njhopy;fSk; cj;jpNahfq;fSk; Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; fpl;lty;yd. xUtuJ
ghypdk;> ,dk;> mq;ff; FiwT> kjk;> ghypay; ghq;F Nghd;wtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L njhopyhsh;fSf;F
ghugl;rk; fhl;lg;gLtij my;yJ mePjpahf elhj;jg;gLtijj; jLf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; cs;sd. Ntiyj;jsq;fspy;
tha;g;Gfs;> juKah;j;jy;fs;> gapw;rp vd;gd njhopyhsuJ jpwik> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; mDgtk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;
md;wp ghugl;rkhfNth NtW Kd;Dhpik mbg;gilfspNyh ,lk; ngwhikia rkj;Jtkhd njhopy;tha;g;Gr; rl;lq;fs;
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpd;gb njhopw; rq;fq;fspy; ,iztjw;F (my;yJ ,izahkypUg;gjw;F) njhopyhsh;fSf;F
cupikAz;L.
ePq;fs; mT];jpNuypahTf;F ntspNa gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l epue;ju tjptpl me;j];J cilatuhapd; fly;fle;j
jpwikfis mq;fPfhpf;Fk; Njrpa mYtyfk; (National Office of Overseas Skills Recognition - NOOSR) cq;fSf;F
cjtyhk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy;fs; njhlh;ghd kw;Wk; jpwikfs; mq;fPfhuk; gw;wpa jfty;fis gpd;tUk; ,iza jsq;fspy;
ngwyhk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypahtpy; trpj;jy;
• mT];jpNuypahtpy; njhopy; tha;;g;Gfs;> jpwikfs; gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; cj;jpNahfq;fs;: www.jobsearch.gov.au

• mT];jpNuypa Ntiyaplk; www.workplace.gov.au
• jpwikrhypfs; FbtuT www.skilledmigrant.gov.au
• njhopy;rhh; jifikfis mq;fPfhpj;jy; www.workplace.gov.au/tra
• AEI–NOOSR www.aei.dest.gov.au.
thp tpjpg;G
rfy mT];jpNuypah;fSk; mth;fsJ tUkhdk; Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia tpl mjpfkhff; fhzg;gbd; tUlhe;jk; chpa
thpfisr; nrYj;JkhW Nfhug;gLth;. njhopy; %yk; fpilf;Fk; rk;gsk;> tpahghuk; %yk; rk;ghjpj;jit> tq;fpapy;
37
itg;Gr; nra;Js;s gzj;Jf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tl;b my;yJ NtW KjyPLfshy; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; Kjypad thp
mwtplg;glf; $ba tUkhdq;fshFk;.
ngUk;ghyhd nghUl;fSk; NritfSk; mtw;wpd; tpiyapNyNa xU rpW thpia cs;slf;fpAs;sd. ,J nghUl;fs;
kw;Wk; Nritfs; kPjhd thp (Goods and Services Tax - GST ) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Nrkey Nritfs;> Rfhjhu Nritfs;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; neLQ;rhiyfs; Nghd;w fl;likg;G trjpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw
toq;Ftjw;fhf> mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; mwtpLk; thpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
khepyq;fSk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; rpy nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; kPJk; Nritfs; kPJk; Kj;jpiu thp (stamp duties)
vdg;gLk; thpia mwtpLfpd;wd. nghyP]; gil> M];gj;jphpfs; kw;Wk; khepy cs;@h;g; ghijfs; Kjypa khepy
kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa Nritfs; kw;Wk; fl;likg;GfSf;fhf ,t;thpfshy; ngwg;gLk; gzk; nrytplg;gLk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; thp kjpg;gPl;L tUlk; [{iy Kjyhk; jpfjp Kjy; [{d; 30k; jpfjp tiuahFk;. mT];jpNuypa
rl;lj;jpd; gb ngUk;ghyhNdhh;> jhk; rfy topfspYk; rk;ghjpj;j tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nrYj;jpa thpfs; Mfpad mlq;fpa
thp kPsg;ngwiy (tax return) tUlhe;jk; rkh;g;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghYk;> njhopYf;F mkh;j;jpapUg;gth; xt;nthU
njhopyhsuJ rk;gsj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; thpiaf; fopj;J> gpd;dh; mjid mT];jpNuypa thptpjpg;G mYtyfj;Jf;F
(Australian Taxation Office - ATO ) nrYj;Jthh;.
Xa;Tfhy Cjpak;
Xa;T+jpa epjpak; vd;gJ njhopyhsh; Xa;T ngWfpd;w NghJ jhk; tho;tjw;F cjTk; gzj;ij itj;jpUg;gjw;fhf
Nrkpf;Fk; jpl;lkhFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpy; njhopypy; mkh;j;jg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthUtUk; ,e;j epjpaj;jpy; fl;lhak; Nru
Ntz;Lk;. jkJ njhopyhspapd; Xa;T+jpa epjpaj;Jf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;AkhW njhopy; jUeiu rl;lk; gzpf;fpwJ.
njhopy; jUeh; Xa;T+jpa fhg;G (Employer Superannuation Guarantee) vd ,J miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
thpkjpg;G kw;W Xa;T+jpa epjpak; gw;wpa Nkyjpfj; jfty;fis mT];jpNuypa thpkjpg;gPl;L mYtyfj;jpy; ngwyhk;.
njhiyNgrp: 132 861
,izak;: www.ato.gov.au
tPl;L trjp
jq;Fkplj;ij ,lk; tpl;L ,lk; khw;WtJ vg;NghJNk ngUk; nryitf; nfhz;lJ. mT];jpNuypahTf;F
gpuahzk; nra;jy;> tPl;Lr; rhkhd;fisf; nfhz;L tUjy; kw;Wk; Gjpa tPnlhd;wpy; Fbakh;jy; vd;gd fzprkhd
nrytpdq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
tPLfSk;> njhlh;khb tPLfSk; (,it mT];jpNuypahtpy; A+dpl;]; my;yJ FbapUg;G khb vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ)
xg;gPl;lstpy; mT];jpNuypahtpy; Fwpg;ghf rpl;dp> ngh;j;> nky;gh;d; kw;Wk; fd;nguhtpy; tpiy $baitahFk;.
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l xU epyr; nrhj;J tpw;gidahsh; %ykhf tPL my;yJ njhlh;khbg; gpupnthd;wpid thq;Fjy; my;yJ
thliff;Fg; ngwy; Nghd;wd ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. nrhj;Jfis jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; thq;fNth> tpw;fNth> Fj;jiff;F
toq;fNth KbAkhapDk; mjw;F Kd;ghf rl;lty;Yeh; xUthpd; MNyhridiag; ngWtJ Gj;jprhypj;jdkhFk;.
tpw;gidf;F my;yJ thliff;F tplg;gLfpd;w nrhj;J tpguq;fs; ehshe;j gj;jphpiffspYk;> nghJthf rdpf;
fpoikfspy;> my;yJ ,izaj; jsq;fspYk; my;yJ nrhj;J Kfth;fs; %ykhfTk; tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gLk;.
thliff;F tPl;ilg; ngWfpd;w NghJ gpizg;gzkhf xU khj thliff;Fr; rkkhd njhifiaAk;> xU khj
thlifia Kw;gzkhfTk; toq;FtJ toikahFk;. thliff; FbapUg;ghsh; ,lj;ijtpl;Lr; nry;Yk; NghJ gpizg;
gzk; kPs toq;fg;gLk;. jpUj;jq;fs; my;yJ Rj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;wd nra;a mtrpag;gbd; mg;gzj;jpy; ,Ue;J
mtw;wpw;fhd nryTfs; fopj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
38
r%fg; ghJfhg;G
nrz;lh;ypq;f; (Centrelink) mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpdUf;F gy;NtW NritfisAk;> nfhLg;gdTfisAk; toq;Fk;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; murhq;f epWtdkhFk;. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; cilath;fs;> Xa;T ngw;Nwhh;> mq;faPdh;fs;> njhopy;
NjLNthh;> jdpahd ngw;Nwhh;> VidNahh; guhkupg;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;Nshh; cl;gl ,d;Dk; gyUf;Fk; ,jd; %yk; cjtp
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; NritfisAk;> nfhLg;gdTfisAk; ngWtjw;Fhpa xUtuJ jFjp mtuJ jdpg;gl;l re;jh;g;g
#o;epiyfisg; nghWj;jjhFk;.
kpfr; rpwe;j tho;thjhukhdJ xUth; Cjpak; ngWk; njhopypd;%yk; fpilf;fg; ngWtjhFk; vd mT];jpNuypa
murhq;fk; ek;GfpwJ. jkJ Fwpg;gpl;l re;jh;g;g #o;epiy fhuzkhf Ntiy nra;a Kbahj epiyapYs;s kf;fSf;Fg;
nghUshjhu cjtpfis toq;fp mth;fs; Ntiynahd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s cjTk; tifapy; Centrelink
mj;jifa kf;fis cjtpr; NritfSld; njhlh;GgLj;jp tpLfpwJ. jkf;Fj; jifik ,Uf;Fkhapd; njhopnyhd;iwj;
Njbf;nfhs;SkhWk; my;yJ vjph;fhyj;jpy; njhopy; xd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s VJthf jkJ jpwikfis tsh;j;Jf;
nfhs;SkhWk; nrd;lh;ypq;f; jk;kplk; nfhLg;gdT ngWk; kf;fisf; Nfhuf; $Lk;.
mT];jpNuypahTf;F mfjpfs; my;yJ kdpjhgpkhd tprh %ykhf tUif jUNthh; nghJthf nrd;lh;ypq;f;
NritfisAk;> cjtpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; KOikahfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. nghJthf> Gjpjhf tUif
je;j VidNahh;> ngUk;ghyhd nrd;lh;ypq;;f; cjtpfisg; ngw epue;ju tjptpl tprhtpy; ,uz;L tUlq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;e;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; jkJk;> jkJ Mjutpy; jq;fpapUg;NghuJk; Njitfisg;
G+h;j;jp nra;ag; Nghjpa gzj;ij mth;fs; ifapUg;gpy; itj;jpUg;gij cWjp nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Njitg;gLk;
cjtp kw;Wk; xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l re;jh;g;g #o;epiyfisg; nghWj;J cjtpf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;Fk; fhyg;gFjp
NtWglyhk;.
njhopy; NjLtjw;fhd cjtp> gps;is tsh;g;Gr; nryTfSf;fhd nfhLg;gdT cs;spl;l FLk;g cjtp Nghd;w
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l cjtpfs; rpy Gjpa FbNawpfSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;. FLk;gq;fSf;fhd cjtpfs; gw;wpa Nkyjpfj;
jfty;fis mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd; FLk;g cjtp mYtyfj;jpy; (Family Assistance Office) ngwyhk;.
Gjpa FbNawpfs;> ,q;F te;jJk; $ba tpiutpy;> nrd;lh;ypq;f; kw;Wk;/my;yJ FLk;g cjtp mYtyfk;
Mfpatw;Wld; njhlh;Gnfhz;L jkf;F fpilf;ff; $Lkhd cupikfs; kw;Wk; cjtpfs;> cjhuzkhf Ntiy NjLjy;
vd;gd gw;wpj; njhpe;Jnfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
njhlh;Gf;Fhpa tpguq;fs;:
nrd;lh;ypq;f; 13 2850
,izak;: www.centrelink.gov.au
FLk;g cjtp mYfyfk;: 13 6150

,izak;: www.familyassist.gov.au
Mq;fpyk; jtph;e;j nkhopfSf;F: 13 1202
39
M];gj;jphp kw;Wk; kUj;Jt nryTfs;
nkbnfah; mT];jpNuypah (Medicare Australia) vdg;gLk; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf mbg;gil M];gj;jphp kw;Wk; kUj;Jt
nryTfis mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; toq;FfpwJ. nkbnfah; trjp ngWNthUf;F kUe;jhf;f gyd; jpl;lj;jpd;
(Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme - PBS) fPo; ngUk;ghyhd kUe;Jtiffis murhq;fk; khdpa tpiyapy;
toq;FfpwJ. Gjpjhf tUif jUk; FbNawpfs;> jkJ gh];Nghh;l;> tprh MfpaitAld; nkbnfah; mYtyfj;Jf;Fr;
nrd;W nkbnfah; jpl;lj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhs;s jkf;Fs;s jFjp gw;wpj; njhpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. nkbnfah;
,izaj; jsj;;jpy; (fPNo ghh;f;f) gy nkhopfspYk; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;s jfty; ifNaL xd;W cz;L.
ngUk;ghyhd jw;fhypf tprh ngw;Ws;Nshh; nkbnfah; jpl;lj;jpy; ,izAk; jFjpiag; ngwkhl;lhh;fs;. MapDk;
rpy tpjptpyf;Ffs; cz;L. cjhuzkhf epue;ju tjptpl tprhTf;fhd jFjpfisg; G+h;j;jp nra;J> mjw;fhf
tpz;zg;gpj;jpUf;Fk; jw;fhypf tprh ngw;Ws;Nshiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
njhiyNgrp 13 2011
,izak;: www.medicareaustralia.gov.au
nkbnfahpy; cs;slf;fg;glhj> jdpahh; kUj;Jtkidapy; rpfpr;ir ngwy;> gy; kw;Wk; fz; itj;jpak;> mk;Gyd;]py;
nfhz;L nry;yy; Nghd;w NritfSf;fhd nryTfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;nfd rpy jdpahh; Rfhjhu fhg;GWjpj;
jpl;lq;fSk; cs;sd.
jdpahh; Rfhjhu jfty;fs;
kpd;dQ;ry;: privatehealth@health.gov.au
,izak;: www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/private-1
Mq;fpy nkhop tFg;Gfs;

Gjpa FbNawp xUth; jkJ Gjpa rKjhaj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhff; FbakUtjw;Fk;> jkJ jdpg;gl;l> r%f kw;Wk;
nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffis milaTk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w KjyhtJ mjpKf;fpa Kaw;rpahf Mq;fpy nkhopiaf; fw;Wf;
nfhs;tij mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; fUJfpwJ. cq;fsJ Mq;fpy nkhopg; Gyik ‘eilKiw’ mstpYk; Fiwthapd;>
FbNawpa taJte;Njhh; Mq;fpy nkhopj; jpl;lj;jpd; (Adult Migrant English Programme – AMEP ) fPo; ,ytr
Mq;fpy nkhopg; ghlnewpiaf; fw;Wf;nfhs;s jFjpngWfpwPh;fs;.
cq;fsJ jFjpiag; gw;wpAk;> cs;@h; AMEP Nritiag; gw;wpAk; Nkyjpfj; jfty; ngw> ePq;fs; te;jpwq;fpaJk;
FbtuT kw;Wk; FbAhpik ,yhfhit njhlh;G nfhs;sTk; my;yJ cs;@h; AMEP Nrit toq;Feiu juprpf;fTk;.
ePq;fs; cs;ehl;by; ,Ug;gpd; epue;ju tjptpl me;j];J fpilj;J %d;W khjj;jpw;Fs; my;yJ ePq;fs; ntspehl;by;
,Ug;gpd; ,q;F te;jjpypUe;J %d;W khjj;jpw;Fs; Mq;fpy nkhop tFg;Gf;fhf ePq;fs; cq;fisg; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
njhiyNgrp: 131 881
,izak;: www.immi.gov.au/amep
40
mT];jpNuypa murpd; Vida Mq;fpy nkhopf; fw;gpj;jw; jpl;lq;fs;
mT];jpNuypahtpd; fy;tp> tpQ;Qhd> gapw;Wtpj;jy; jpizf;fsk; (Department of Education, Science and Training)
eph;tfpf;Fk; NtW %d;W Mq;fpy nkhopg; gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk; cs;sd. gzpapl Mq;fpy nkhop kw;Wk; vOj
thrpj;jy; jpl;lk; (Workplace English Language and Literacy programme - WELL)> njhopy; NjLNthUf;fhd
nkhop> vOj thrpj;jy; kw;Wk; vz;zpay; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (Language, Literacy and Numeracy Programme -
LLNP)> ghlrhiy nry;Yk; taJila gps;isfSf;nfd Gjpa FbNawpfSf;fhd Mq;fpyk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopj; jpl;lk;
(English as a second language – New Arrivals - ESL – NA) vd;gdNt mit. Nkyjpfj; jfty; ngw ghh;f;fTk;:
www.dest.gov.au
ciungah;g;G kw;Wk; nkhopngah;g;Gfs; cjtp
ciungah;g;G cjtp ngw ciungah;g;G> nkhopngah;g;G Nritia (Translating and Interpreting Service National
- TIS National) 131 450 ,yf;fj;jpy; (mT];jpNuypahtpy; vq;fpUe;J mioj;jhYk; cs;@h;f; fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;)
miof;fyhk;. TIS National thuj;jpy; VO ehl;fSk; ehshe;jk; 24 kzpj;jpahyKk; ciungah;g;G Nritiag;
toq;FfpwJ.
mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpuirahf my;yJ tjptplf;fhuuhfj; jFjp ngw;NwhUf;F> FbNaw;wk; njhlh;ghd jdpg;gl;l
j];jhNt[{fis RUf;fkhf Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;g;gjw;fhd ,ytr trjpAk; cz;L.
,izaj;js tpguk;:
• www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/help-with-english/learn-english/client/translation_help.htm
fy;tp
mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk;> gps;isfs; nghJthf Ie;J Kjy; 15 taJ tiu ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j tanjy;iy rpy khepyq;fspYk;> vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk; rpwpjsT NtWglyhk;. mur gs;spfspy; murhq;fk;
,ytr fy;tpia toq;FfpwJ (jw;fhypf tprh ngw;Ws;s khzth;fs; KOikahd ghlrhiyf; fl;lzj;ijr;
nrYj;JkhW Nfl;fg;glf; $Lk;). Njthyaq;fs; kw;Wk; NtW FOf;fshy; elhj;jg;gLk; jdpahh; ghlrhiyfSf;Fk;
khzth; nry;th;. mq;F mth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
mT];jpNuypa fy;tpj; jpl;lk; midtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. rfy tajpdUf;Fk; vj;jifa jpwikg; gbj;juq;fisf;
nfhz;NlhUf;Fk; mJ re;jh;g;gj;ij toq;FfpwJ.

mur ghlrhiyfis khepy/vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fq;fs; eph;tfpf;fpd;wd. ghlrhiy mDkjp Fwpj;j jfty;fis
khepy/vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa fy;tpj; jpizf;fsj;jpNyh> mUfhikapy; cs;s gs;spapNyh ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.
,uz;L tifahd %d;whk; epiyf; (tertiary) fy;tpj; jpl;lq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit> njhopw; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;
JiwapYs;s epWtdq;fshYk; njhopw;rhiyfshYk; toq;fg;gLgit (VET) kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fofq;fshYk; kw;WKs;s
cah; fy;tp epWtdq;fshYk; toq;fg;gLgitahFk;. %d;whk; epiyf; fy;tpf;fhd mDkjp tpz;zg;gjhhpapd;
tprhtpYs;s epge;jidfisg; nghWj;Nj mikayhk;.
41
rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy;> %d;whk; epiyf; fy;tp ,lq;fSf;fhd (nghJeytha cjtp ngWk;; ,lq;fs;) ngUk;gFjpr;
nryTfis mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; toq;FfpwJ. vQ;rpa njhifia khzth;fs; nrYj;Jth;. cah;fy;tp cjtpj;
jpl;lk; (Higher Education Contributory Scheme -HECS)> my;yJ cah; fy;tpf; fld; jpl;lk; (Higher Education
Loan Programme - HELP) Nghd;wtw;wpw;;F %d;whk; epiy khzth; tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;. ,it nghJeytha cjtp
ngWk; ,lq;fspy; mDkjp ngw;Ws;s jFjpahd khzth;fSf;FupajhFk;. Nkw;gb HECS – HELP %yk; fpilf;Fk;
cjtpj; njhifahy;> khzth; nrYj;Jk; njhifia KOikahfNth> gFjpahfNth G+h;j;jp nra;a KbAk;.
,izaj;jpy; Nkyjpfj; jfty;:

• fy;tp> tpQ;Qhd> gapw;Wtpj;jy; ,yhfh www.dest.gov.au
• gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;yy; www.goingtouni.gov.au
thfd Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpuk;

Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fq;fshy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. nghJthf
tpz;zg;gjhupfs; nghJ mwpTg; ghPl;ir> nrad;Kiwg; ghPl;ir kw;Wk; fz;ghh;itr; Nrhjid vd;gtw;wpy; rpj;jp ngw
Ntz;Lk;. nry;YgbahFk; Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpukpd;wp vtUk; thfdk; nrYj;j KbahJ.
epue;ju tjptpl tprh itj;jpUg;Nghh;> mT];jpNuypah te;j Kjy; %d;W khjq;fspYk;> NtW xU ehl;bd;> Mq;fpy
nkhopapyhd my;yJ nkhopngah;g;Gld; $ba> nry;YgbahFk; Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij itj;jpUg;ghuhapd; thfdk;
nrYj;j mDkjpf;fg;gLthh;fs;. ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;;jpd; gpd;dh;> nghUj;jkhd Xl;Leh; mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij mth; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Kf;fpakhd njhlh;G tpguq;fs;

• caph; Mgj;jhd mtru epiy (jP> nghyP];> mk;Gyd;];) – njhiyNgrp: 000
• ciungah;g;G> nkhopngah;g;Gr; Nrit (TIS National) – njhiyNgrp: 131 450
• FbtuT> FbAhpik ,yhfh (DIAC) – njhiyNgrp: 131 881
• mT];jpNuypa murhq;f ,iza Eiothapy;: www.australia.gov.au
• ‘mT];jpNuypahtpy; trpj;jy;’ (yptpq; ,d; mT];jpNuypah) ,izag; gf;fq;fs;: –
www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/index.htm
• ‘mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;itj; Jtq;Fjy;’ ifNaLfs; –
www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/beginning-life/index.htm
42
Xh; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahjy;
jFjp ngw;w epue;ju tjpthsh;fs; mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;
tYtha; Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.
mT];jpNuypa gpuirahFtjw;F ePq;fs; jPh;khdpg;gjd; %yk;> mT];jpNuypahTf;Fk; mjd; kf;fSf;Fkhd cq;fsJ
jdpg;gl;l tpRthrj;ijAk;> gw;WWjpiaAk; gpufldg;gLj;JfpwPh;fs;. xU tifapy;> ,J FbtuTg; gazj;jpdJk;>
mT];jpNuypahitj; jdJ ,y;ykhff; nfhs;tjpdJk; ,Wjpf; fl;lkhFk;.
mT];jpNuypahtpy; epue;jukhf tho;tjd; %yk; midj;J kf;fSk; rkkhd re;jh;g;gq;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpd;w
NghjpYk;> gpuirahtjd; %yk; mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpy; G+uz mq;fj;Jtj;ij Kiwahfg; ngWk; re;jh;g;gk;
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. thf;fspg;gJ> ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;fhfg; Nghl;bapLtJ kw;Wk; murhq;f gjtpfis tfpg;gJ Nghd;w
Njrj;jpd; [dehaf eilKiwfspy; KOikahff; fye;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; mT];jpNuypahtpw;F gyDs;s
gq;fspg;ig toq;Ftjw;fhd tha;g;ig ,J kf;fSf;F toq;FfpwJ.
ekJ Njrj;jpd; ,jakhfj; jpfOfpd;w mT];jpNuypaf; FbAhpikahdJ ek; midtiuAk; xd;wpizf;Fk; rf;jpahFk;.
mT];jpNuypaf; FbAhpikahdJ mjw;Nf cupj;jhd flikfisAk; chpikfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
FbAhpikapdhy; fpilf;Fk; rpwg;Ghpikfs;

vy;yh mT];jpNuypa gpuirfSk; gpd;tUk; chpikfisg; ngWth;.
• mT];jpNuypa murhq;fq;fisj; njhpT nra;a cjTk; Njh;jypy; thf;fspj;jy;
• ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;baply;
• mT];jpNuypaf; flTr; rPl;ilg; ngw tpz;zg;gpj;jYk; jq;Fjilapd;wp mT];jpNuypahTf;Fs; tUjYk;
• ntspehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mT];jpNuypa J}Jtuhyaq;fspd; fd;rpA+yh; Nritfis KOikahfg; ngWjy;
• ntspehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; jkJ gps;isfis kuGtopapy; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahfg; gjpT nra;jy;
• mT];jpNuypa ghJfhg;Gg; gilapYk; mT];jpNuypa mur NritapYk; midj;J tpj njhopy;tha;g;GfisAk;
ngWk; re;jh;g;gk;
flikfs;
mT];jpNuypa FbAhpikapd; %yk; gpd;tUk; nghWg;GfSk; te;J NrUfpd;wd:
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | Xh; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahjy;
• nghJeytha> khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpaj; Njh;jy;fspYk; kf;fs; mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;Gf;fspYk;

thf;fspj;jy;*
• miof;fg;gLkplj;J [{hpahfr; (jury) nray;gLjy;
• NjitNaw;gLk; NghJ mT];jpNuypahitg; ghJfhj;jy; (mT];jpNuypahtpy; gpwe;j gpuirfSf;fhd mNj flikfs;
kw;Wk; tpjptpyf;Ffs; nghUe;Jk;).
*mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;Gfs; vd;gJ rl;l ahg;gpy; khw;wk; nra;tjw;fhd rl;l Kd;nkhopT gw;wpa thf;fhsh;fspd;
mgpg;gpuhaj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
43
mNdfkhd epue;ju tjpthsh;fs; mT];jpNuypa gpuirahFtjd; Kjw;gb> FbAhpikg; ghPl;irapy; Njh;r;rpailtjhFk;.
mg;ghPl;irf;Fj; jahuhFtjw;F tpz;zg;gjhupfs; fPo;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;s Xh; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahFjy;
(Becoming an Australian citizen) vd;w FbAhpikj; jfty; ifE}iy thrpj;jwpa Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; ghPl;irpapy;
Njwp> mth;fsJ FbAhpik tpz;zg;gk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJk;> gfpuq;f FbAhpik epfo;tpd; NghJ gpd;tUk; gw;WWjpg;
gpufldj;ij Nkw;nfhs;SkhW mtu;fs; Nfhug;gLth;.
‘From this time forward, under God,* ‘,j;jUzj;jpy; ,Ue;J> ,iw ehkj;jhy; *mT];jpNuypahTf;Fk;
I pledge my loyalty to Australia and its people mjd; kf;fSf;Fk; tpRthrg; gpukhzkspf;Fk; ehd;
Whose democratic beliefs I share, mth;fsJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpd;Nwd;
Whose rights and liberties I respect, and mth;fsJ chpikfisAk; Rje;jpuq;fisAk; kjpf;fpd;Nwd;
Whose laws I will uphold and obey’. mth;fsJ rl;lq;fisg; Ngzp xOFNtd;’.
*People may choose whether or not to use the * ‘,iwtdpd; ehkj;jhy;’ vd;W $Wtjh ,y;iyah vd;gij
words ‘under God’. mtuth; jPh;khdpf;fyhk;;.
vy;yhtpj fyhrhuq;fisAk;> kjq;fisAk; nfhz;l mT];jpNuypah;fs; xNu rKjhaj;jtuhf xw;Wikg;gl;bUf;Fk;

mNjNtis jj;jkJ ek;gpf;iffisAk;> ghuk;ghpaq;fisAk; Ngz KbAk;.
mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahFtjd; %yk; mT];jpNuypahTf;F ckJ tpRthrj;ijj; njhptpg;gNjhL> ckJ fyhrhuj;jpd;
%yk; mT];jpNuypahit tsg;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis gykhd> xd;Wgl;l> RKfkhd xU Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
Vida mT];jpNuypaUld; NjhNshL Njhs; epd;W ciog;gjw;F ck;ik mh;g;gzpf;fpd;wPh;.
Xh; mT];jpNuypa gpuirahtJ gw;wpa Nkyjpfj; jfty;fis> mT];jpNuypa FbAhpik ,izak; %ykhfNth>
FbAhpikj; jfty; njhiyNgrp %ykhfNth ngw;Wf;nfhs;shyhk;.
Nkyjpf ,izaj; jfty;:

• ghh;f;fTk; www.citizenship.gov.au my;yJ njhiyNgrpapy; miof;fTk;: 131 880
mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | Xh; mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahjy;
44

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ISBN 978 1 921446 55 9

mT];jpNuypahtpy; jw;fhypfkhfNth my;yJ epue;jukhfNth trpg;gjw;fhd tprhTf;fhf tpz;zg;gk; nra;NthUf;F

Nkyjpfj; jfty; ngw

jw;fhypf kw;Wk; epue;ju tprh tpz;zg;gjhuh;fSf;fhd

mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fs; thf;F%yk;

mT];jpNuypahtpy; ehd; ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;gb tpOkpaq;fis kjpj;J elg;gjhfTk; mT];jpNuypahtpd;

jw;fhypf tprh tpz;zg;gjhuh;fSf;fhd mT];jpNuypa

mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fs; gw;wpa thf;F%yq;fs;

];jpukhd> mikjpahd kw;Wk; tskhd rKjhankhd;iwg; NgZtjw;fhf> mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpd; mbg;gilahf

gy;NtW ehLfSk; VNjh xUtifapy; ,tw;iwg; gfph;e;Jnfhs;fpd;w NghjpYk; mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fSk;>

Muk;gf; FbNawpfspy; mjpfkhNdhh; gphpj;jhdpah kw;Wk; mah;yhe;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;. ,e;j Mq;fpNya –

• jdpeghpd; rkkhd me;j];J> fd;zpak; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuj;ij kjpj;jy;

mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fSk; nfhs;iffSk;

• kj Rje;jpuKk; kjr;rhh;gw;w murhq;fKk;

• $l;Lr; NrUk; Rje;jpuk;

• ghuhSkd;w [dehafj;Jf;Fk; rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;Fk; MjuT

• rl;lj;Jf;F Kd; rfyUk; rkk;

• Mz; ngz; rkj;Jtk;

mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;f;if | mT];jpNuypa tpOkpaq;fSk; nfhs;iffSk;

gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w tpOkpaq;fs;

,izaj;jpd; %yk; jfty;

epyg;gug;G 7.74 kpy;ypad; rJu fpNyh kPw;wh;fs;

gaphplj; jFe;j G+kpapd; rjtPjk; 6 tpOf;fhL

ntspehLfspy; gpwe;Njhh; rjtPjk; Rkhh; 22 tpOf;fhL

tPl;by; ,uz;lhk; nkhopnahd;W NgRNthh; 15 tpOf;fhL

gzk; mT];jpNuypa lhyh; (A$)

gpujhd th;j;jfg; gq;fhspfs; [g;ghd;> rPdh> If;fpa mnkhpf;fh> rpq;fg;G+h;> If;fpa

njhopyhsh; gil 10.28 kpy;ypad;

Neuk; - mT];jpNuypahtpy; %d;W jsNeug; fpof;F: fpwPd; tpr; Neuk; + 10

gfw;fhyj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; Neukhw;wk; gfw;fhyj;ij Nrkpf;Fk; Neukhw;wk; epA+ rt;j; Nty;]>;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpaf; nfhb

nghJeytha kuGupikr; rpd;dk; (Commonwealth Coat of Arms)

rpd;dk;)> fq;fh&> vKA gwit vd;gtw;iwAk; mjpy; fhzyhk;.

Njrpa khzpf;ff; fy;

mT];jpNuypa tpUJfSk; nfsutq;fSk;

mT];jpNupypah xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l mk;rq;fs; gytw;iwf; nfhz;l jdpj;Jtkhd xU ehL.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;

gpuhe;jpak;/khepyk; rdj;njhif jiyefuk; jiyefu

epA+ rt;j; Nty;]; 6.55 rpl;dp 4.12

tpf;Nlhhpah 4.93 nky;gd; 3.59

FaPd;yhe;J 3.90 gphp];gd; 1.76

Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah 1.96 Ngh;j; 1.45

njw;F mT];jpNuypah 1.51 mnliya;l; 1.11

j];Nkdpah 0.48 N`hghh;l; 0.20

mT];jpNuypa jiyefu vy;iyg;

tl vy;iyg; gpue;jpak; 0.19 lhh;tpd; 0.11

(%yk;: mT];jpNuypa Gs;sptpguq;fs; gzpkid)

,izaj;jpy; jfty; ngw

,izaj;jpy; jfty; ngw

jpfjpad;W mT];jpNuypah epidT $h;fpwJ.

1960 fspy; 70 rj tPjkhf cah;e;jJ.

mT];jpNuypahitj; jhakhff; nfhz;Nlhh;

mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk;

nghJthfNt Gjpa murhq;fq;fs; nghJj; Njh;jiyj; njhlh;e;J mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapLgth;> mT];jpNuypa gpuirahf ,Ug;gJld; NtW gpurhThpikfspy;

khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg; gpuhe;jpa murhq;fk;

ahg;G hPjpahd KbauR

ngluy; rl;l mikg;G

rl;lq;fSk;> r%fg;; gof;ftof;fq;fSk;

ePjp kd;wq;fSk; rl;lKk;

fphpkpdy; Fw;wr; nray;fs;

Nghijt];J> Gifj;jy; kw;Wk; kJghdk; mUe;Jjy;