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A sign is anything that stands for something else. A sign represents something—an
idea, an experience, a feeling, an object, etc. Words as ordinarily used are signs in this
sense. The object referred to by a sign does not need to be present for the meaning of
the sign to be understood. Context helps define the specific meaning of a sign.
(Dictionaries list only general meanings). The word tree generally stands for a large
class of plants; if I say, "Look at that tree," I am designating a specific meaning for the
word.
As I have defined it, a sign has literal meaning; that is, its meaning is simple and
straightforward, a matter of conventional agreement among people who use that
particular sign.
A symbol has complex meaning; it has not only "literal" meaning, but also additional
meaning(s) beyond the literal. Sometimes the literal meaning of a symbol is absurd,
so that the symbolic meaning over-rides and cancels out the literal meaning. A symbol
may have more than one meaning. In fact, the most significant symbols do convey an
indefinite range of meanings.
Symbols with fairly fixed meanings can be used as ciphers; that is, the symbols can be
arranged to encode a meaning that only someone who understands the cipher system
can decode. (Symbols used in this way are not really signs because the literal meaning
is not intended; the reader is supposed to decipher the symbolic meaning). In using
symbols in this manner, the author has a clear "story" (set of ideas) already in mind;
the author simply transposes that pre-existing story item by item into a symbolic
system, matching each element in the story with an appropriate cipher. The reader
then decodes the cipher by transposing back into the original meaning.
A symbol is different from a metaphor in that a symbol is used more consistently and
widely than a metaphor. Also, a metaphor is a statement (even if implied), whereas a
symbol need not be a statement. The common element in symbols and metaphors is
that the literal, conventional meaning is exceeded or negated by a nonliteral meaning.
Symbols may have very narrow or quite wide ranges of meaning. The range may be
limited to an individual, or perhaps to a small group. People other than the individual
or group will not understand that meaning of the symbol. A symbol's range may be
cultural, meaning that it is known by members of cultural groups: ethnic groups,
religious groups, national groups, and so on.
Archetypes include more than symbols—they also include character types, basic plots
(cf. the Monomyth), scenes, and so on. Essentially, archetypes are universally
meaningful, nonliteral elements in the arts and culture.
Conclusion
Definitions of Symbol
n.
In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its
position relatively to the assumed axes.
In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for
their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition,
reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
v. t.
• a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that
something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they ...
• a public display of a (usually written) message; "he posted signs in all the shop windows"
• signal: any communication that encodes a message; "signals from the boat suddenly stopped"
• signboard: structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted; "the highway
was lined with signboards"
• mark with one's signature; write one's name (on); "She signed the letter and sent it off";
"Please sign here"
• approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; "All parties ratified the peace treaty";
"Have you signed your contract yet?"
• sign of the zodiac: (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided
• (medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no
signs of asphyxiation"
• be engaged by a written agreement; "He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18"; "The soprano
signed to sing the new opera"
• polarity: having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric
charges); "he got the polarity of the battery reversed"; "charges of opposite sign"
• engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season"
• augury: an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come; "he hoped it was
an augury"; "it was a sign from God"
• communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; "He signed his disapproval with a
dismissive hand gesture"; "The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu"
• a gesture that is part of a sign language
• place signs, as along a road; "sign an intersection"; "This road has been signed"
• a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between
the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussure
• communicate in sign language; "I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with
my deaf cousin"
• a character indicating a relation between quantities; "don't forget the minus sign"
• bless: make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection;
consecrate
Symbols
Bismuth-Although mentioned in
Copper is one of the seven metals of
alchemical texts it is uncertain what
alchemy (gold, silver, mercury,
role Bismuth played in alchemical
copper, lead, iron & tin).
processes.
Gold is one of the seven metals of Iron is one of the seven metals of
alchemy (gold, silver, mercury, alchemy (gold, silver, mercury,
copper, lead, iron & tin). For the copper, lead, iron & tin). The symbol
alchemist, it represented the for iron could also be used to
perfection of all matter on any level, represent the planet Mars in
including that of the mind, spirit, and
astrology.
soul. The symbol for gold could also
be used to represent the sun in
astrology.
Platiunum-Alchemists believed
Potash (potassium carbonate) was
platinum to be an amalgamation of
widely used in alchemical processes.
gold and silver.
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