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A STUDY UNDERTAKEN
IN
PEERMADE PANCHAYAT
SUBMITTED BY
ARUN JOSE
2010-2011
MARIAN COLLEGE
PEERUMADE, IDUKKI
1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled ‘Impact of Social Networking
Websites on the Undergraduate students of Peermade Panchayat – A study
undertaken in Peermade Panchayat’ submitted to Mahatma Gandhi
University in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Business Administration (B.B.A) is a genuine work done by Mr. Arun Jose
Reg. No: 20605 during the academic year 2010-2011 in the department of
Business Administration under my supervision and guidance.
_______________________________
---------------------- ----------------------
Signature of the Signature of the
External Examiner Internal examiner
2
Date: __________ Date: __________
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project work entitled “Impact of Social Networking
Websites on the Undergraduate students of Peermade Panchayat – A study
undertaken in Peermade Panchayat”, Is an original report prepared by me
after a thorough study, surveys, necessary references and consultations
during my course of study in Marian College, Kuttikkanam, affiliated to
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam under the guidance of Mr. Jojy
George MBA.
The findings and conclusions present in this project are based on the data
collected and interpreted by myself from the Undergraduate students of
Peermade Grama Panchayat.
Further, I declare that this project has not been submitted elsewhere for
completion of any other degree.
Place: Kuttikkanam
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to Rev. Dr. Ruble Raj for giving me this
golden opportunity to do my BBA degree in this very esteemed institution.
I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Joji George MBA,
Head of the Department and also my project guide for his help and
encouragement. I am most grateful to him for his constant support and
important suggestions, which was of immense in framing my rough project
into to what it is now.
I would also like to thank Mr. A. C. Thomas BA, LLM, DYSP Kattappana
circle and his support staff Mrs. Sumathi for helping me interpret data
collected from the city.
I would also like to thank my family for their support and encouragement
without which I could not have done this project.
Last but not the least; I would like to praise my lord almighty who provided
me with ample energy for completing this project on time.
Place: Kuttikkanam
4
Date: Arun Jose
5
CONTENTS
1) Introduction 8
1.1) Traffic 9
1.6) Kattappana 10
2) Review of literature 15
6
3) Research Methodology 19
3.2) Definition 20
3.4) Objectives 20
3.5) Scope 21
3.6) Universe 21
3.10) Limitations 22
3.12) Sample 22
4.1) Introduction 25
4.3) Formula 25
7
4.4) Tables (Table 1 to 12) 26-37
5.1) Findings 39
6) Conclusion 43-44
7) Appendix 45
8
7.5) Speed limits in the city 57
8) Bibliography 58-59
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
9
1.1 Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals,
vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while
using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which
govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws
and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the
orderly and timely flow of traffic.
1.2 Rules of the road are the general practices and procedures that road
users are required to follow. These rules usually apply to all road
users, though they are of special importance to motorists and cyclists.
These rules govern interactions between vehicles and with pedestrians.
The basic traffic rules are defined by an international treaty under the
authority of the United Nations, the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road
Traffic. Not all countries are signatory to the convention and, even among
signatories, local variations in practice may be found. There are also
unwritten local rules of the road, which are generally understood by
local drivers. As a general rule, drivers are expected to avoid a
collision with another vehicle and pedestrians, regardless of whether or
not the applicable rules of the road allow them to be where they happen
to be.
10
1.3 Traffic congestion is a condition on networks that occurs as use
increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and
increased queuing . The most common example is the physical use of
roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the
interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream,
congestion is incurred. As demand approaches the capacity of a road
(or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets
in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is
colloquially known as a traffic jam.
During regular working days in most of the major cities in Kerala, there are
certain times when traffic reached high intensity due to the large number of
vehicles using the road at the same exact time. These phenomenons are quite
common at the beginning and end of working days, when employees and
school going children are commuting to and from their places of interest. In
most of the cities in Kerala, this phenomenon is repetitive between 9am and
6pm local time and it is known as rush hour.
11
Nedumkandam, Idukki, Mundakayam, Thodupuzha, Kanjirappally,
Palai, Kumily, and Kothamanglam.
Kattappana is known as the Spice Capital of Kerala. The town's fortunes rise
and fall with the swings of the pepper market. The mid-1980s saw an
unprecedented boom in construction activity as a result of a surge in the
price of pepper. The overdeveloped town shows how much can be packed
into so little space. The economic boom of the town led to land prices that
were once rumoured to be higher than those in Cochin (Kochi), the
commercial capital of Kerala, and that still remain high.
Despite being the commercial hub of the Highrange, Kattappana is often not
shown on official maps. Many attractions near Kattappana are little-known
by outsiders. Among them are Calvari Mount and Vazhavara, which offer
scenic views of the Idukki Reservoir, Vandanmedu, and Nankuthotty. The
Gram Panchayat of Kattappana has a project to build a watch tower at the
Kalyanathandu that will offer scenic views of the Anchuruli portion of the
Idukki Reservoir.
Even though being the spice capital of Kerala and the most sought
after areas of interest in the highrange, Kattappana suffers from the lack of
proper basic infrastructure such as good roads and buildings. Narrow and
improperly maintained roads make Kattappana and its adjoining areas
a nightmare for motorists.
12
A basic fact is that the roads in Kattappana have not been developed at par
with the growth in the number of vehicles and motorists. When this is
coupled with poor town planning and inefficient traffic administration, it
leads to traffic violations, congestions and accidents that are of the highest
degree.
Lack of sufficient traffic personnel have also been a major setback to the
flow of traffic in Kattappana.
Drunken driving
With the advent of a scientific test for blood alcohol content (BAC),
enforcement regimes moved to pinning culpability for the offense to strict
liability based on driving while having more than a prescribed amount of
blood alcohol, although this does not preclude the simultaneous existence of
the older subjective tests. BAC is most conveniently measured as a simple
percent of alcohol in the blood by weight. It does not depend on any units of
measurement.
This is the most common of all the offenses committed by motor vehicle
operators in Kerala. The recent measures stringent measures taken by the
traffic police have helped in curbing this phenomenon however, people tend
to be reluctant because the fines imposed are quite meager.
13
Riding without helmet
Other cases
b) Wrong parking
The Kerala State Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of
Kerala, India. Kerala Police has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the
state capital. The Kerala Police Academy is situated at Thrissur. The motto
of the force is Mridhu bhave dhrida kruthye, which means "Soft in
Temperament, Firm in Action" in Sanskrit.
14
square kilometer. Of this, about 8.2 million people live in urban areas and
23.6 million live in rural areas. We investigate about 175,000 cases per year.
The Kerala Police, like other state police forces in India, is headed by an
officer of the rank of Director General of Police (DGP). Most of the senior
officers of the force belong to the Indian Police Service (IPS). The IPS is a
direct descendant of the Imperial Police of the colonial days. Officers for the
IPS are selected through a nation-wide public examination and the annual
intake is less than 100 in a nation of over a billion. IPS officers wear the
same badges of rank as in the Indian Army. The DGP (and Additional
DGPs) are equivalent in rank to a Lt. Gen. in the army, the Inspector General
to a Maj. Gen., the Deputy Inspector General to a Brigadier, and so on.
15
Your vehicle will be seized by police if,
Chapter 2
LITERATURE
REVIEW
16
2.1) New traffic system introduced in Kattappana
Under the new system, bus services from Kattappana to Kottayam via
Elappara have been routed through the St. Johns junction and the
buses to Thodupuzha via Cheruthoni routed through the bypass road.
Apart from these cases, 766 persons were booked for dangerous
driving and another 397 were charged for driving without license.
17
2468 persons were charged for various other traffic offenses and a
sum amounting to rupees 18, 93,500 was collected for the various
offenses.
The old narrow roads continue to be used by both bus services and private
vehicles and there are no sufficient parking facilities available inside the
town.
As the present bus stand is too small to accommodate all the bus services
including the KSRTC and the short distance operators, they are loading and
unloading passengers on the main roads in and around the bus stand. This is
causing traffic congestions and is leading to innumerable traffic violations.
18
2.4) Breakdown of traffic offenses in Kattappana in the 3rd
quarter of 2008
DRUNKEN DRIVING 25 10 5 9 49
RECKLESS DRIVING 21 7 17 18 63
19
TYPES OF OFFENSE
PERCENTAGE
350
300
250 DRUNKEN DRIVING
200
150
RECKLESS DRIVING
100
50
0 RIDING WITHOUT
R
R
R
E HELMET
E
E
B
B
B
M
M
TO
DRIVING WITHOUT
E
E
T
V
C
C
SEATBELT
P
O
O
E
E
D
S
20
Chapter 3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.2) Definition
Research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge. Scientific research must be organized and
21
undergo planning, including performing literature reviews of past research
and evaluating what questions need to be answered.
3.4) Objectives
d) To find out the key areas where such traffic violations are persistent.
3.5) Scope
The study was conducted in town of Kattappana. The study was conducted
to find out the degree of traffic violations, reasons for such traffic violations
and the adverse effects they have on the people of Kattappana. The study
was also aimed at locating the key areas where such traffic violations are
persistent.
3.6) Universe
Universe or the population in the total population of Kattappana
22
3.7) Sample Size
Secondary Data: Is the data that is collected from already published sources
such as internet, magazines, newspapers etc.
3.10) Limitations
23
individuals. When the questions are administered by a researcher, the survey
is called a structured interview or a researcher-administered survey. When
the questions are administered by the respondent, the survey is referred to as
a questionnaire or a self-administered survey.
3.12) Sample
24
Convenience sampling/Accidental sampling is a type of nonprobability
sampling which involves the sample being drawn from that part of the
population, which is close to hand. That is, a sample population selected
because it is readily available and convenient. The researcher using such a
sample cannot scientifically make generalizations about the total population
from this sample because it would not be representative enough.
25
Chapter 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
26
4.2 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
4.3 FORMUL A
4.4 TABLES
TABLE 1
1 YES 31 62%
2 NO 19 38%
27
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
YES NO TOTAL
TABLE 2
1 YES 33 66%
2 NO 17 34%
TOTAL 50 100%
28
Do you use a helmet while riding a bike?
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
YES NO TOTAL
TABLE 3
1 YES 15 30%
2 NO 35 70%
TOTAL 50 100%
29
Do you use a seatbelt while driving?
60
50
40
30
FREQUENCY
20
10
0
YES NO TOTAL
Interpretation: From the table and graph, we can see that 70% of
the respondents are negligent to wearing seatbelts while driving
and only 30% adhere to this very basic traffic rule.
TABLE 4
30
What is your opinion about drinking and driving?
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
Drinking and No Problem in TOTAL
driving should not drinking and driving
permissible limits
Drink within
be mixed
TABLE 5
31
where does traffic violation usually occur?
60
50
40
30 frequency
20
10
0
n
la
n
la
t io
io
va
al
nc
ct
av
ka
ot
un
u
kk
T
k
lj
ki
.j
li
ra
al
uk
.B
nt
P
Id
T
e
C
TABLE 6
What do you think are the reasons for such traffic violations?
Sl. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
32
4 Poor town planning 14 28%
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
Inefficient Poor roads Increased Poor town TOTAL
traffic system number of planning
vehicles
TABLE 7
33
4 Cars 7 14%
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
s
le
0
c
rs
s
hi
le
L
ve
rs
A
ee
sh
T
a
vy
O
ck
-w
T
a
ri
he
o
o
w
ut
y/
T
rr
A
/ lo
us
B
TABLE 8
34
4 After 6.00 pm 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
8.00am – Afternoon till Evening After 6.00 TOTAL
10.00 am 4.00 pm between pm
4.00pm and
6.00pm
TABLE 9
35
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
Can’t get to Cant get to Air pollution No difficulties TOTAL
school/college work on time
on time
TABLE 10
3 Other 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
36
Do traffic violations cumulate during any particular season?
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
Festive season Election season Other TOTAL
TABLE 11
37
TOTAL 50 100%
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
EXCELLENT GOOD AVERAGE POOR TOTAL
TABLE 12
38
6 Pedestrian problems 0 0%
7 Any other 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
What according to you are the major traffic violations occurring in Kattappana?
60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
TOTAL
0
7
2
4
1
39
Chapter 5
FINDINGS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 FINDINGS
40
From the percentage analysis, it is evident that majority of the
correspondents considered inefficient traffic system as the major
reason for reasons for traffic violations which got a response of
42%. It is followed by poor town planning which for a response of
28% and the option increased number of vehicles with a response
of 20%.
The percentage analysis has shown that the option “can’t get to
work on time” got the highest response of 56% followed by “cant
get to school/college on time” with a response of 30% and finally
“air pollution” with a score of 10%. However 4% of the sample
responded with having no difficulties.
5.2 Recommendations
5.2.1
From the findings it is quite evident that traffic violations of the form of
negligence to wear seatbelt or use helmets and driving under the influence of
alcohol seem to be of a recurring nature
41
It can be effectively countered by imposing a hefty fine rather than
charging a small fine on 100rs. Options of impounding the vehicle
should also be enforced in case of recurrent offenses.
5.2.3
The problem of ineffective traffic system can only countered by the use of
more personnel in violation prone areas to enforce normality. Traffic in
Kattappana has increased exponentially, however the quantum of traffic
personnel for monitoring such a change has not grown at par.
5.2.3
Majority of the respondents complained that they could not get to work or
school/ on time. As Kattappana is a commercial hub of the highrange,
people come to work from surrounding areas such as Upputhara, Idukki,
Murikkassery, earttayar and other adjacent areas and they primarily depend
on the private buses plying through these routes to get them to the city.
( 56% respondents opined that they could not get to work on time and 30%
reasoned that they were not able to reach their schools/colleges on time)
5.2.4
42
for motorists, which would eventually lead to the reduction of wrong
parking offenses.
(Central junction and Idukkikkavala are at the focus of traffic problems with
48% and 30% respondents opting for them respectively)
5.2.5
(38% of the respondents did not carry their license while operating a motor
vehicle)
5.2.6
The driver’s license test should be made more stringent and candidates
should be awarded a license only if they meet the required criterion such as
age, good sight, physical fitness etc.
43
2. Educating the public about the importance of road safety. For
instance, classes about traffic rules and regulations, rules to be followed by
pedestrians etc.
Respondents also insisted that such classes be given from the school level
and all colleges and major organizations be covered as well.
44
Chapter 6
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
45
Data was collected from books, websites, Kattappana central
police station and through two structured questionnaires, one
studying the awareness of traffic rules and regulations amongst the
public and the other studying areas, reasons and effects of traffic
law violation as well as the problems it causes.
46
Chapter 7
APPENDIX
7.1) Questionnaire 1
1. Name :
Age :
47
Occupation:
a) Two Wheeler
b) Four Wheeler
a) Daily
b) Once in a week
c) Often
d) Rarely
a) Yes
b) No
a) Yes
b) No
a) Yes
b) No
a) 25 to 40 km/hr
48
b) 40 to 80 km/hr
a) Always
b) Frequently
11. Do you carry a copy of your license while operating a motor vehicle?
a) Yes
b) No
12. Your suggestions for improving awareness of traffic rules and regulations among motor
vehicle operators?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
49
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
7.2) Questionnaire 2
a) Central junction
b) Idukkikkavala
50
c) T. B junction
d) Pallikkavala
2. What do you think are the reasons for such traffic violations?
b) Poor roads
a) Bus/lorry/heavy vehicles
b) Auto rickshaws
c) Two-wheelers
d) Cars
a) 8.00am – 10.00 am
d) After 6.00 pm
c) Air pollution
d) No difficulties
51
6. Do traffic violations cumulate during any particular season?
a) Festive season
b) Election season
a) Excellent
b) Good
c) Average
d) Poor
8. What according to you are the major traffic violations occurring in Kattappana?
a) Drunken driving
e) Narrow Roads
f) Pedestrian problems
9. Give your suggestions to control violations of traffic rules and reduce traffic
accidents?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
52
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______
53
Using Seat reserved for
3 Rule 227 (c) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs.100
ladies
4 No Driving Licence (D.L) Sec 3(1) r/w 181 of MV Act Rs.500
Allow to drive without D/L.
5 Sec. r/w 180 Rs.500
charge to owner
No Registration Certificate
6 Sec.39 r/w 192 of MV Act Rs.100 to 500
(R.C)
No valid Insurance
7 Sec. 146 r/w 196 of MV Act Rs.250
Certificate
8 No Conductor's Licence Sec. 29 r/w 182 (2) of MV Act Rs.200
9 Reckless Driving Sec. 184 of MV Act Rs.1000
Disobeying Signals (one
10 Sec. 119(1) r/w 179 of MV Act Rs.500
way)
Disobeying lawful
directions/obstructing
11 Sec. 179 r/w sec. 179 of MV Act Rs.500
discharge of function of
authority
Tempo
Driver Rs.250
Owner Rs.250
12 Permit violation Sec. 66 r/w Sec. 192A of MV Act Mini Bus/Bus
Driver Rs.500
Owner Rs.500
54
44
31 Over Charge Rule 46(P) of MV Act Rs. 100
32 Taxi Meter not operating Rule 299 r/w 177 Rs. 100
33 No Head Light Rule 360 r/w 177 Rs. 100
Driving Vehicle in excess of
34 Sec.112 r/w 183 of MV Act Rs. 500
Speed limit
Refusal to ply Contract
35 Sec. 178 r/w Sec. 178 of MV Act Rs. 200
Carrier (A/R)
36 Conductor not in Uniform Rule 85 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
37 One way violation Rule 17 of RRR 1989 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
38 Failure to stop on demand Sec. 132 r/w 179 of MV Act Rs. 500
Tax not seen paid during
39 Rule 148 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
the Q.E
40 More Sound from silencer Rule 120 CMV Act Rs. 100
41 Left side overtaking Sec. 118 r/w R.4 of RRR 1989 of MV Act Rs. 100
42 No Pollution Certificate Sec. 190(2) of MV Act Rs. 500
Case will be FIR
Sec. 279 IPC & Sec. 185 of MV Act (D/L
43 Drunken Driving registered and person
required)
will be arrested
Driver's Badge not in
44 Rule 46(1) (a) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
possession
Driver misbehaves in uncivil
45 Rule 40(2) r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
manner
46 Over Charge Rule 89 ( r ) r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
47 No Registration mark Rule 77 r/w sec 177 Rs. 100
48 No Registration mark Rule 77 r/w sec 177 Rs. 300 - 500
49 No First Aid Box Rule 151 r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
50 Permit not in possession Rule 161 r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
51 GCR (GVR) not maintained Rule 162 r/w Sec. 177 Rs. 100
52 Trip Sheet not maintained Rule 224 r/w Sec. 177 Rs. 100
Cautionary signals
Right Hand Left Hand Right Hair Pin Left Hair Pin Right Reverse
Curve Curve Bend Bend Bend
55
Left Reverse Narrow Road Road Wideness
Steep Ascent Steep Descent
Bend Ahead Ahead
Narrow Pedestrian
Slippery Road Loose Gravel Cycle Crossing
Bridge Crossing
Y- Staggered Staggered
Y-Intersection T-Intersection
Intersection Intersection Intersection
56
57
Straight Vehicle All Motor
Prohibited or One Way Sign One Way Sign Prohibited in Vehicles
No Entry Both Directions Prohibited
No Stopping or
Width Limit No Parking Stop Give Way
Standing
Compulsory
Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory
Turn Right
Ahead Only Keep Left Turn Left Tturn Right
Ahead
58
3.3Informatory Road Signs
59
CAR 25 KM 40 KM 70 KM
MOTOR CYCLES 25 KM 40 KM 50 KM
AUTO RIKSHAW 25 KM 30 KM 40 KM
HEAVY VEHICLES 15 KM 35 KM 60 KM
60
Chapter 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2) Website – en.wikipedia.org
61
3) Website – www.google.com
5)
62