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A STUDY ON

IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING NETWORKING WEBSITES ON THE


UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF PERMADE PANCHAYAT

A STUDY UNDERTAKEN
IN
PEERMADE PANCHAYAT

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE


REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION OF MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY KOTTAYAM

SUBMITTED BY

ARUN JOSE

REG. NO: 20650

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


MR. JOJI GEORGE MBA

2010-2011

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

MARIAN COLLEGE

KUTTIKKANAM – 685 531

PEERUMADE, IDUKKI

1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled ‘Impact of Social Networking
Websites on the Undergraduate students of Peermade Panchayat – A study
undertaken in Peermade Panchayat’ submitted to Mahatma Gandhi
University in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Business Administration (B.B.A) is a genuine work done by Mr. Arun Jose
Reg. No: 20605 during the academic year 2010-2011 in the department of
Business Administration under my supervision and guidance.

_______________________________

Mr. Joji George MBA


(Head of the Department & Project guide)

Viva-Voce Examination held on __________________________________

---------------------- ----------------------
Signature of the Signature of the
External Examiner Internal examiner

2
Date: __________ Date: __________

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project work entitled “Impact of Social Networking
Websites on the Undergraduate students of Peermade Panchayat – A study
undertaken in Peermade Panchayat”, Is an original report prepared by me
after a thorough study, surveys, necessary references and consultations
during my course of study in Marian College, Kuttikkanam, affiliated to
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam under the guidance of Mr. Jojy
George MBA.

The findings and conclusions present in this project are based on the data
collected and interpreted by myself from the Undergraduate students of
Peermade Grama Panchayat.

Further, I declare that this project has not been submitted elsewhere for
completion of any other degree.

Place: Kuttikkanam

Date: Arun Jose

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude to Rev. Dr. Ruble Raj for giving me this
golden opportunity to do my BBA degree in this very esteemed institution.

I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Joji George MBA,
Head of the Department and also my project guide for his help and
encouragement. I am most grateful to him for his constant support and
important suggestions, which was of immense in framing my rough project
into to what it is now.

I would also like to thank Mr. A. C. Thomas BA, LLM, DYSP Kattappana
circle and his support staff Mrs. Sumathi for helping me interpret data
collected from the city.

I would also like to thank my family for their support and encouragement
without which I could not have done this project.

Last but not the least; I would like to praise my lord almighty who provided
me with ample energy for completing this project on time.

Place: Kuttikkanam

4
Date: Arun Jose

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE NO:

1) Introduction 8

1.1) Traffic 9

1.2) Rules of the road 9

1.3) Traffic congestion 9

1.4) Traffic problems in Kerala 10

1.5) Rush hour policies followed in Kerala 10

1.6) Kattappana 10

1.7) Traffic in Kattappana 11

1.8) Major traffic violations occurring at Kattappana 12

1.9) Profile of Kerala Police Department 13

1.10) General traffic rules and regulations 14

2) Review of literature 15

2.1) New traffic system introduced in Kattappana 16

2.2) Traffic violations increase in Kattappana 16

2.3) Kattappana bus stand still remains unfinished 17

2.4) Breakdown of traffic offenses in Kattappana in the 18


3rd quarter of 2008

6
3) Research Methodology 19

3.1) Meaning and definition 20

3.2) Definition 20

3.3) Topic of the study 20

3.4) Objectives 20

3.5) Scope 21

3.6) Universe 21

3.7) Sample size 21

3.8) Sampling technique uses 21

3.9) Method of data collection 21

3.10) Limitations 22

3.11) Statistical survey 22

3.12) Sample 22

3.13) Simple random sampling 23

3.14) Convenience sampling 23

4) Data analysis and interpretation 24

4.1) Introduction 25

4.2) Percentage Analysis 25

4.3) Formula 25

7
4.4) Tables (Table 1 to 12) 26-37

5) Findings and Recommendations 38

5.1) Findings 39

5.1.1)Major traffic violations occurring at Kattappana 39

5.1.2)Reasons for traffic violations 39

5.1.3)Adverse effects of these traffic violations 39

5.1.4) Key areas where traffic violations are persistent 39

5.2) Recommendations (5.2.1 to 5.2.6) 40-41

5.3) Recommendations for improvement (5.3.1 to 5.3.5) 42

6) Conclusion 43-44

7) Appendix 45

7.1 ) Questionnaire 1 46-48


7.2) Questionnaire 2 49-51
7.3) Traffic rules and penalty for violation 52-53
7.4) Traffic signs/ signals 54-56

8
7.5) Speed limits in the city 57

8) Bibliography 58-59

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

9
1.1 Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals,
vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while
using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which
govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws
and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the
orderly and timely flow of traffic.

Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes,


junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is
often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck); other vehicle
(e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed
limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have
very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on
drivers' common sense and willingness to cooperate.

1.2 Rules of the road are the general practices and procedures that road
users are required to follow. These rules usually apply to all road
users, though they are of special importance to motorists and cyclists.
These rules govern interactions between vehicles and with pedestrians.
The basic traffic rules are defined by an international treaty under the
authority of the United Nations, the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road
Traffic. Not all countries are signatory to the convention and, even among
signatories, local variations in practice may be found. There are also
unwritten local rules of the road, which are generally understood by
local drivers. As a general rule, drivers are expected to avoid a
collision with another vehicle and pedestrians, regardless of whether or
not the applicable rules of the road allow them to be where they happen
to be.

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1.3 Traffic congestion is a condition on networks that occurs as use
increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and
increased queuing . The most common example is the physical use of
roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the
interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream,
congestion is incurred. As demand approaches the capacity of a road
(or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets
in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is
colloquially known as a traffic jam.

1.4 Traffic problems in Kerala

During regular working days in most of the major cities in Kerala, there are
certain times when traffic reached high intensity due to the large number of
vehicles using the road at the same exact time. These phenomenons are quite
common at the beginning and end of working days, when employees and
school going children are commuting to and from their places of interest. In
most of the cities in Kerala, this phenomenon is repetitive between 9am and
6pm local time and it is known as rush hour.

1.5 Rush hour policies followed in Kerala

Most of the major cities in Kerala adopt evasive techniques to counter


rush hour traffic and to encourage the use of public transportation. The use
of traffic signals and deploying additional traffic personnel are some of
the techniques used.

1.6 Kattappana is the largest beautiful town situated in the highrange on


the middle of natural beauties and surrounded by hills, located in the
Idukki district of Kerala state in India. Kattappana is also known as the spice
city of kerala. It is located near the tourist spots Munnar and Thekkady. It is
the largest town in the Highrange and houses most of the educational
institutions, hospitals and now changing into the commercial centre of
the district.kattappana is on the way of fast development and going to be
the tourist city within few years. Other towns and cities nearby are

11
Nedumkandam, Idukki, Mundakayam, Thodupuzha, Kanjirappally,
Palai, Kumily, and Kothamanglam.

Kattappana is known as the Spice Capital of Kerala. The town's fortunes rise
and fall with the swings of the pepper market. The mid-1980s saw an
unprecedented boom in construction activity as a result of a surge in the
price of pepper. The overdeveloped town shows how much can be packed
into so little space. The economic boom of the town led to land prices that
were once rumoured to be higher than those in Cochin (Kochi), the
commercial capital of Kerala, and that still remain high.

Kattappana is an example of how Government records may have little to do


with the actual state of affairs. Much of this bustling town is considered to
be part of "forest areas" said to be owned by the Government, but not in the
records. The state of the cultivated lands in the surrounding area is no
different. Granting pure Title deeds to the farmers, a vote catching slogan
raised by successive state governments, has until now been thwarted by
Central Forest laws and court decisions.

Despite being the commercial hub of the Highrange, Kattappana is often not
shown on official maps. Many attractions near Kattappana are little-known
by outsiders. Among them are Calvari Mount and Vazhavara, which offer
scenic views of the Idukki Reservoir, Vandanmedu, and Nankuthotty. The
Gram Panchayat of Kattappana has a project to build a watch tower at the
Kalyanathandu that will offer scenic views of the Anchuruli portion of the
Idukki Reservoir.

Revenue District: Idukki, Taluk : Udumbanchola, Village : Kattappana,


Local Governance : Kattappana Grama Panchayath, included in Kattappana
Bolck Panchayath a part of Idukki District Panchayath.

1.7 Traffic in Kattappana

Even though being the spice capital of Kerala and the most sought
after areas of interest in the highrange, Kattappana suffers from the lack of
proper basic infrastructure such as good roads and buildings. Narrow and
improperly maintained roads make Kattappana and its adjoining areas
a nightmare for motorists.

12
A basic fact is that the roads in Kattappana have not been developed at par
with the growth in the number of vehicles and motorists. When this is
coupled with poor town planning and inefficient traffic administration, it
leads to traffic violations, congestions and accidents that are of the highest
degree.

Lack of sufficient traffic personnel have also been a major setback to the
flow of traffic in Kattappana.

1.8 Major traffic violations occurring at Kattappana

Drunken driving

Driving under the influence of alcohol (driving while intoxicated, drunk


driving, drinking and driving, drink-driving) or other drugs, is the act of
operating a vehicle. It is a criminal offense in India.

With the advent of a scientific test for blood alcohol content (BAC),
enforcement regimes moved to pinning culpability for the offense to strict
liability based on driving while having more than a prescribed amount of
blood alcohol, although this does not preclude the simultaneous existence of
the older subjective tests. BAC is most conveniently measured as a simple
percent of alcohol in the blood by weight. It does not depend on any units of
measurement.

India, Blood alcohol content should not be greater than 0.03%

Driving without seatbelt

Wearing seat belt in a moving vehicle is believed to have saved millions of


lives worldwide. Wearing of seat belt is mandatory and the most important
precaution you can take to minimize your risk in an accident.

This is the most common of all the offenses committed by motor vehicle
operators in Kerala. The recent measures stringent measures taken by the
traffic police have helped in curbing this phenomenon however, people tend
to be reluctant because the fines imposed are quite meager.

13
Riding without helmet

Facts about Helmet:

1. It should not obstruct vision.


2. It should not impair with hearing.
3. It should be lightweight.
4. It should not cause fatigue, which causes crashes.
5. It should not cause skin diseases.

6. It should not increase the probability of neck injuries.

Other cases

Other cases studied is this project are,

a) Driving without license

b) Wrong parking

c) Driving without permit

In this particular area of study, a detailed breakup of the aforementioned


cases is not done and it is treated as “other cases” only because they are not
considered substantial to the core study.

1.9 Profile of Kerala Police Department

The Kerala State Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of
Kerala, India. Kerala Police has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the
state capital. The Kerala Police Academy is situated at Thrissur. The motto
of the force is Mridhu bhave dhrida kruthye, which means "Soft in
Temperament, Firm in Action" in Sanskrit.

We are a approximately 42,149 strong police force of the state of Kerala in


the Republic of India. We serve a population of over 31.8 million residing in
five cities, 53 municipal towns, and 1452 villages spread over an area of
38,863 square kilometers with an average population density of 819 per

14
square kilometer. Of this, about 8.2 million people live in urban areas and
23.6 million live in rural areas. We investigate about 175,000 cases per year.

The Kerala Police, like other state police forces in India, is headed by an
officer of the rank of Director General of Police (DGP). Most of the senior
officers of the force belong to the Indian Police Service (IPS). The IPS is a
direct descendant of the Imperial Police of the colonial days. Officers for the
IPS are selected through a nation-wide public examination and the annual
intake is less than 100 in a nation of over a billion. IPS officers wear the
same badges of rank as in the Indian Army. The DGP (and Additional
DGPs) are equivalent in rank to a Lt. Gen. in the army, the Inspector General
to a Maj. Gen., the Deputy Inspector General to a Brigadier, and so on.

State Police Headquarters is located in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram


City. It is operating from a Heritage Building located near Vellayambalam.
In addition to the main Heritage Building from the Chief of the Force, i.e.,
Director General of Police sits and functions, there is another heritage
building by the name Bank House where some of the Staff Officers of the
Director General of Police have their offices.

1.10) General traffic rules and regulations

What should you do in case of an accident?

• On seeing any accident, please contact 1099 or 100 or 1090


• It is not necessary to reveal your identity.
• Note down the registration number of vehicles involved.
• Give assistance to the injured persons.
• Take him to the hospital if necessary.
• Inform the relatives of the injured if details are available.
• Furnish more details to the Police.
• On seeing any traffic violation note down the Registration
number of vehicle/vehicles and report to Police with
time place etc.

15
Your vehicle will be seized by police if,

• If you do not posses valid Driving License


• If your vehicle is on the road without registration.
• If you violate the condition in the permit.

Chapter 2

LITERATURE
REVIEW

16
2.1) New traffic system introduced in Kattappana

Recently, a new traffic system was introduced in Kattappana to ease


the traffic congestion at Central junction and the main routes to and
from Kattappana.

Under the new system, bus services from Kattappana to Kottayam via
Elappara have been routed through the St. Johns junction and the
buses to Thodupuzha via Cheruthoni routed through the bypass road.

Though some merchants and regular commuters have raised their


doubts regarding the system, the system has greatly reduced the traffic
congestion on the main routes and central junction.

(Reference: The Hindu e-paper, November 02, 2008)

2.2) Traffic violations increase in the district

Approximately 8230 persons were booked in the district from Jan 1 to


March 31st for operating two-wheelers without helmets. About 8232
four wheelers were booked for driving without seatbelt and those
booked for drunken driving were 4809.

Apart from these cases, 766 persons were booked for dangerous
driving and another 397 were charged for driving without license.

17
2468 persons were charged for various other traffic offenses and a
sum amounting to rupees 18, 93,500 was collected for the various
offenses.

Idukki district superintendent of police Mr. K. K. Chellappan has


given directions for countering harassments by police officers during
inspection.

(Reference: The Hindu e-paper, April 23, 2008)

2.3 Kattappana bus stand still remains unfinished

A delay in completing the new bus stand complex at Kattappana is


causing traffic snarls at the central junction and on the main roads of the
town.

The old narrow roads continue to be used by both bus services and private
vehicles and there are no sufficient parking facilities available inside the
town.

As the present bus stand is too small to accommodate all the bus services
including the KSRTC and the short distance operators, they are loading and
unloading passengers on the main roads in and around the bus stand. This is
causing traffic congestions and is leading to innumerable traffic violations.

(Reference: The Hindu e-paper, May 04, 2009)

18
2.4) Breakdown of traffic offenses in Kattappana in the 3rd
quarter of 2008

TYPES OF OFFENSE SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAL

DRUNKEN DRIVING 25 10 5 9 49

RECKLESS DRIVING 21 7 17 18 63

RIDING WITHOUT HELMET 180 140 99 69 488


DRIVING WITHOUT
SEATBELT 32 6 8 46

OTHER PETTY CASES 281 185 39 300 805

19
TYPES OF OFFENSE

PERCENTAGE
350
300
250 DRUNKEN DRIVING
200
150
RECKLESS DRIVING
100
50
0 RIDING WITHOUT
R

R
R
E HELMET

E
E
B

B
B
M

M
TO
DRIVING WITHOUT
E

E
T

V
C

C
SEATBELT
P

O
O

E
E

D
S

OTHER PETTY CASES


MONTH

Interpretation: Thus from the graph it is clear that the major


offenses happening in Kattappana are Drunken driving, riding
without seatbelt and driving without seatbelt.

20
Chapter 3

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

3.1) Meaning and Definition

Research starts with a problem to which an answer needs to be found out.


The problem becomes the basic purpose of the research, the answer to which
can be found out through the application of scientific methods. It is the
collection, analysis and interpretation of truth through observation,
comparison and experimentation.

3.2) Definition
Research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge. Scientific research must be organized and

21
undergo planning, including performing literature reviews of past research
and evaluating what questions need to be answered.

3.3) Topic of study


Problems due to violation of traffic rules and regulation – A study
undertaken in Kattappana

3.4) Objectives

a) To study the types of traffic violations occurring in the city of


Kattappana.

b) To find out the reasons for such traffic violations.

c) To find out the adverse effects of such traffic violations.

d) To find out the key areas where such traffic violations are persistent.

e) To make constructive suggestions for controlling such


aforementioned traffic violations.

3.5) Scope
The study was conducted in town of Kattappana. The study was conducted
to find out the degree of traffic violations, reasons for such traffic violations
and the adverse effects they have on the people of Kattappana. The study
was also aimed at locating the key areas where such traffic violations are
persistent.

3.6) Universe
Universe or the population in the total population of Kattappana

22
3.7) Sample Size

The sample size chosen for the study is 50 motorists.

3.8) Sampling technique used

The respective sample was chosen by convenience sampling method. It is


based on the convenience of the researcher.

3.9) Method of data collection


Primary Data: Is the first hand data is collected afresh by researcher
especially for the purpose of study. Apart from collecting data from the
sample, primary data was also collected from the Kattappana Central Police
Station

Secondary Data: Is the data that is collected from already published sources
such as internet, magazines, newspapers etc.

3.10) Limitations

a) Few of the motorists were reluctant to the survey


b) Some of the motorists tried to give wrong answers to even
simple questions.

3.11) Statistical survey

Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items


in a population. Surveys of human populations and institutions are common
in political polling and government, health, social science and marketing
research. A survey may focus on opinions or factual information depending
on its purpose, and many surveys involve administering questions to

23
individuals. When the questions are administered by a researcher, the survey
is called a structured interview or a researcher-administered survey. When
the questions are administered by the respondent, the survey is referred to as
a questionnaire or a self-administered survey.

3.12) Sample

Sample is a subset of a population. Typically, the population is very large,


making a census or a complete enumeration of all the values in the
population impractical or impossible. The sample represents a subset of
manageable size. Samples are collected and statistics are calculated from the
samples so that one can make inferences or extrapolations from the sample
to the population.

3.13) Simple random sample

Simple random sample is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a


larger set (a population). Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by
chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at
any stage during the sampling process, and each subset of k individuals has
the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k
individuals

3.14) Convenience sampling

24
Convenience sampling/Accidental sampling is a type of nonprobability
sampling which involves the sample being drawn from that part of the
population, which is close to hand. That is, a sample population selected
because it is readily available and convenient. The researcher using such a
sample cannot scientifically make generalizations about the total population
from this sample because it would not be representative enough.

25
Chapter 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The study is conducted by using survey method through a


structured questionnaire. For this purpose, two questionnaires
are being used, one studying the awareness of traffic rules
and regulations and the second studying the area, effects and
reasons for traffic law violation.

26
4.2 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

Percentage is a simple ratio. It is used for comparing two or


more series of data. The percentage analysis is done by
dividing number of respondents with total population of the
sample.

4.3 FORMUL A

PERCENTAGE = Number of respondents x 100


Total number of people

4.4 TABLES
TABLE 1

Do you carry a copy of your license while operating a motor


vehicle?
SL.NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 YES 31 62%

2 NO 19 38%

27
TOTAL 50 100%

Do carry a copy of the license while operating a motor vehicle?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
YES NO TOTAL

Interpretation: From the data, it is clear that a majority of respondents ie


62% are reluctant to carry license while operating a motor vehicle and only
38% carry license.

TABLE 2

Do you use a helmet while riding a bike?


SL.NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 YES 33 66%

2 NO 17 34%

TOTAL 50 100%

28
Do you use a helmet while riding a bike?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
YES NO TOTAL

Interpretation: From the data it is evident that a majority of two-


wheelers (66%) use helmets and only 34% of them do not use
helmets while using a two-wheeler.

TABLE 3

Do you wear a seatbelt while driving?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 YES 15 30%

2 NO 35 70%

TOTAL 50 100%

29
Do you use a seatbelt while driving?

60

50

40

30
FREQUENCY
20

10

0
YES NO TOTAL

Interpretation: From the table and graph, we can see that 70% of
the respondents are negligent to wearing seatbelts while driving
and only 30% adhere to this very basic traffic rule.

TABLE 4

What is your opinion about drinking and driving?


SL.NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 Drink within 16 32%


permissible limits
2 Drinking and 5 10%
driving should not
be mixed
3 No Problem in 29 58%
drinking and driving
TOTAL 50 100%

30
What is your opinion about drinking and driving?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
Drinking and No Problem in TOTAL
driving should not drinking and driving
permissible limits
Drink within
be mixed

Interpretation: 58% (29) respondents are of the opinion that there


is no problem in drinking and driving whereas 32% ( 16)
respondents drink within permissible limits and 10% (5)
respondents feel that drinking and driving should not be mixed.

TABLE 5

Where does traffic violation usually occur?


SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 Central junction 24 48%
2 Idukkikkavala 15 30%
3 Pallikkavala 11 22%
4 T. B. junction 0 0%
Total 50 100%

31
where does traffic violation usually occur?

60
50
40
30 frequency
20
10
0
n

la

n
la
t io

io
va

al
nc

ct
av
ka

ot
un
u

kk

T
k
lj

ki

.j
li
ra

al
uk

.B
nt

P
Id

T
e
C

Interpretation: The data analysis here shows that 48% of


respondents have identified Central Junction as the prime area
where traffic violations occur. 30% of the respondents have
selected Idukkikkavala and 22% of them have selected
Pallikkavala. Whereas no votes were cast in favour of T. B.
junction.

TABLE 6

What do you think are the reasons for such traffic violations?
Sl. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 Inefficient traffic 21 42%


system
2 Poor roads 5 10%

3 Increased number of 10 20%


vehicles

32
4 Poor town planning 14 28%

TOTAL 50 100%

What do you think are the reasons for traffic violations

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
Inefficient Poor roads Increased Poor town TOTAL
traffic system number of planning
vehicles

Interpretation: 42% of the respondents have reasoned that


inefficient traffic system is the primary cause for traffic problems.
10%, 20% and 28% of the respondents have opted for poor roads,
increased number of vehicles and poor town planning respectively
as the cause for traffic problems.

TABLE 7

What kinds of vehicles usually cause such traffic violations?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE


1 Bus/lorry/heavy 28 56%
vehicles
2 Auto rickshaws 5 10%
3 Two-wheelers 10 20%

33
4 Cars 7 14%
TOTAL 50 100%

What kind of vehicles usually cause traffic jams?

60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
s
le

0
c

rs
s
hi

le

L
ve

rs

A
ee
sh

T
a
vy

O
ck

-w

T
a

ri
he

o
o

w
ut
y/

T
rr

A
/ lo
us
B

Interpretation: 56% of respondents are of the opinion that heavy


vehicles such bus and lorry cause traffic violations. 10% of them
have opted for auto-rickshaws, 20% for two-wheelers and 14% for
cars.

TABLE 8

What time of the day does the traffic violations occur?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE


1 8.00am – 10.00 am 31 62%

2 Afternoon till 4.00 2 4%


pm
3 Evening between 15 30%
4.00pm and 6.00pm

34
4 After 6.00 pm 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%

What time of the day does traffic violations usually occur?

60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10
0
8.00am – Afternoon till Evening After 6.00 TOTAL
10.00 am 4.00 pm between pm
4.00pm and
6.00pm

Interpretation: From the data analysis here, it is clear that traffic


violations and problems are at its highest intensity during the time
slots 8.am to 10am according to 62% respondents and between
4pm to 6pm according to 30% of the respondents.

TABLE 9

What all problems do you face due to such traffic violations?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 Can’t get to 15 30%


school/college on
time
2 Cant get to work on 28 56%
time
3 Air pollution 5 10%
4 No difficulties 2 4%

35
TOTAL 50 100%

What all problems do you face due to such traffic violations?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
Can’t get to Cant get to Air pollution No difficulties TOTAL
school/college work on time
on time

Interpretation: 56% of respondents have said that they cannot


reach their place of work on time and 30% respondents reasoned
that they cannot get to their school/college on time. 10% of the
respondents have said that air pollution is another problem created
by traffic violations and finally 4% of the respondents opined that
they face no problems.

TABLE 10

Do traffic violations cumulate during any particular season?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1 Festive season 37 74%

2 Election season 10 20%

3 Other 3 6%

TOTAL 50 100%

36
Do traffic violations cumulate during any particular season?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
Festive season Election season Other TOTAL

Interpretation: A majority of respondents (72%) have opined that


traffic problems cumulate during the festive season such as
Christmas, Onam etc. 20% of the respondents have opted for the
election season and a minority is of the opinion that traffic
problems are of highest intensity during the weekends.

TABLE 11

How would you rate the traffic policing in Kattappana?

SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE


1 EXCELLENT 15 30%
2 GOOD 18 36%
3 AVERAGE 10 20%
4 POOR 7 14%

37
TOTAL 50 100%

How would you rate the traffic policing in Kattappana?

60

50

40

30 FREQUENCY

20

10

0
EXCELLENT GOOD AVERAGE POOR TOTAL

Interpretation: 36% respondents have rated that Kattappana


has good traffic system whereas 30% says that Kattappana has
excellent traffic system. 20% has given average rating and 14%
reason that Kattappana has a poor traffic system.

TABLE 12

What according to you, are the major traffic violations occurring in


Kattappana?
SL. NO OPTIONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 Drunken driving 12 24%
2 Driving without 20 40%
seatbelt
3 Riding without 15 30%
helmet
4 Using mobile 1 2%
phones while
driving
5 Narrow Roads 2 4%
(parking)

38
6 Pedestrian problems 0 0%
7 Any other 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%

What according to you are the major traffic violations occurring in Kattappana?

60
50
40
30 FREQUENCY
20
10

TOTAL
0

7
2

4
1

Interpretation: According to 40% respondents, driving without seatbelt


is the major traffic violation occurring at Kattappana. Whereas 30% of them
have opted for riding without helmet and 24% respondents have opted for
drunken driving. A minority of 2% say that using mobile phone and another
4% feel that parking on narrow roads are major violations happening at
Kattappana.

39
Chapter 5
FINDINGS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 FINDINGS

5.1.1 Major traffic violations occurring in Kattappana

According to percentage analysis, 40% of respondent considered


driving without seatbelt as the major offence followed by riding
without seatbelt which for a response of 30% and finally drunken
driving with a response of 24%. Other offences are quite meager to
be substantial to the core study.

5.1.2 Reasons for traffic violations

40
From the percentage analysis, it is evident that majority of the
correspondents considered inefficient traffic system as the major
reason for reasons for traffic violations which got a response of
42%. It is followed by poor town planning which for a response of
28% and the option increased number of vehicles with a response
of 20%.

5.1.3 Adverse effects of these traffic violations

The percentage analysis has shown that the option “can’t get to
work on time” got the highest response of 56% followed by “cant
get to school/college on time” with a response of 30% and finally
“air pollution” with a score of 10%. However 4% of the sample
responded with having no difficulties.

5.1.4 Key areas where traffic violations are persistent

Respondents considered central junction to be the key area where


traffic problem is persistent with a response of 48% followed by
Idukkikkavala which got a response of 30% and finally
Pallikkavala with a response of 22%.

5.2 Recommendations

5.2.1

From the findings it is quite evident that traffic violations of the form of
negligence to wear seatbelt or use helmets and driving under the influence of
alcohol seem to be of a recurring nature

(70% of the respondents were negligent to wearing seatbelts and 66% of


them were negligent to wearing helmets. Another 58% respondents opined
that they had no problem with drinking and driving)

41
It can be effectively countered by imposing a hefty fine rather than
charging a small fine on 100rs. Options of impounding the vehicle
should also be enforced in case of recurrent offenses.

5.2.3

The problem of ineffective traffic system can only countered by the use of
more personnel in violation prone areas to enforce normality. Traffic in
Kattappana has increased exponentially, however the quantum of traffic
personnel for monitoring such a change has not grown at par.

( A majority of respondents 42% feel that inefficient traffic system is the


prime cause for traffic problems in Kattappana)

Thus an increase in the Traffic Police personnel is empirical.

5.2.3

Majority of the respondents complained that they could not get to work or
school/ on time. As Kattappana is a commercial hub of the highrange,
people come to work from surrounding areas such as Upputhara, Idukki,
Murikkassery, earttayar and other adjacent areas and they primarily depend
on the private buses plying through these routes to get them to the city.

( 56% respondents opined that they could not get to work on time and 30%
reasoned that they were not able to reach their schools/colleges on time)

So it is suggested to have a suggest a separate corridor for the buses to


reach the bus stand without touching central junction.

No buses should be allowed to stop at the central junction to drop


passengers and any such offenders should be duly warned or fined.

5.2.4

Widening the roads from Idukkikkavala through central junction till


Kattappana bus stand will also ensure smooth flow of traffic and hence
reduce traffic violations. This would also ensure ample parking space

42
for motorists, which would eventually lead to the reduction of wrong
parking offenses.

(Central junction and Idukkikkavala are at the focus of traffic problems with
48% and 30% respondents opting for them respectively)

5.2.5

Violations such as wrong parking, driving without license should be


given more gravity in par with offenses such as seatbelt/helmet
violations and hefty fine should be charged along with the option to
impound the car in serious cases.

(38% of the respondents did not carry their license while operating a motor
vehicle)

5.2.6

The driver’s license test should be made more stringent and candidates
should be awarded a license only if they meet the required criterion such as
age, good sight, physical fitness etc.

5.3 Recommendations for improvement

1. Regular inspection of vehicles for randomly for curbing offenses


such as seatbelt and helmet violations.

43
2. Educating the public about the importance of road safety. For
instance, classes about traffic rules and regulations, rules to be followed by
pedestrians etc.

Respondents also insisted that such classes be given from the school level
and all colleges and major organizations be covered as well.

3. To consider Seatbelt violation, Helmet violation, Wrong parking as


serious offenses rather than petty offenses and to charge hefty fines ranging
from Rs. 500 to Rs. 1000.

4. To consider driving under the influence of alcohol (beyond


permissible limits) as a criminal offense and to revoke drivers license after
inquiry.

5. To closely monitor the private buses plying through Kattappana and


keeping illegal practices such as competition and racing amongst them under
check

44
Chapter 6

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

The topic of the study was ‘Problems due to violations of traffic


rules and regulation – A study undertaken in Kattappana’. The
study was mainly focused on the motorists and non-motorists in
the town.

45
Data was collected from books, websites, Kattappana central
police station and through two structured questionnaires, one
studying the awareness of traffic rules and regulations amongst the
public and the other studying areas, reasons and effects of traffic
law violation as well as the problems it causes.

After a thorough data analysis and interpretation, several


recommendations have been included.

To conclude, the project has revealed that major traffic offenses


occurring at Kattappana are driving without seatbelt and not using
helmets while operating two-wheelers and the primary cause for
these violations have been identified as the ineffective traffic
policing in the city. The study has also identified that the key areas
where problems occur are central junction and Idukkikkavala.

So as a conclusion to this study, the only solution for countering


the traffic problems at Kattappana is to provide it with proper
roads and also sufficient traffic personnel which can only be
achieved by the involvement of the local authorities.

46
Chapter 7

APPENDIX

7.1) Questionnaire 1

To study the degree of violation of traffic rules amongst the general


public of the city of Kattappana

1. Name :

Age :

47
Occupation:

2. Type of vehicle used

a) Two Wheeler

b) Four Wheeler

3. How often do you operate motor vehicle?

a) Daily

b) Once in a week

c) Often

d) Rarely

4. Do wear a seatbelt while driving a car?

a) Yes

b) No

5. Do you use a helmet while riding a bike?

a) Yes

b) No

6. Do you use a cell phone while engaging a vehicle?

a) Yes

b) No

7. What is your average speed (approximately) while operating a motor vehicle?

a) 25 to 40 km/hr

48
b) 40 to 80 km/hr

c) More than 80 km/hr

8. How often do you use high beam at night?

a) Always

b) Frequently

c) Dim for oncoming traffic

d) Never dim for oncoming traffic

9. What is your opinion about drinking and driving?

a) Drink within permissible limits

b) Drinking and driving should not be mixed

c) No Problem in drinking and driving

10. How do you overtake the vehicle in front of you?

a) Through the left

b) Through the right

11. Do you carry a copy of your license while operating a motor vehicle?

a) Yes

b) No

12. Your suggestions for improving awareness of traffic rules and regulations among motor
vehicle operators?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

49
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____

7.2) Questionnaire 2

To study the area, reasons and effects of traffic law violation


1. Where does traffic violation usually occurs?

a) Central junction

b) Idukkikkavala

50
c) T. B junction

d) Pallikkavala

2. What do you think are the reasons for such traffic violations?

a) Inefficient traffic system

b) Poor roads

c) Increased number of vehicles

d) Poor town planning

3. What kinds of vehicles usually cause such traffic violations?

a) Bus/lorry/heavy vehicles

b) Auto rickshaws

c) Two-wheelers

d) Cars

4. What time of the day does the traffic violations occur?

a) 8.00am – 10.00 am

b) Afternoon until 4.00 pm

c) Evening between 4.00pm and 6.00pm

d) After 6.00 pm

5. What all problems do you face due to such traffic violations?

a) Can’t get to school/college on time

b) Cant get to work on time

c) Air pollution

d) No difficulties

51
6. Do traffic violations cumulate during any particular season?

a) Festive season

b) Election season

c) Other (please specify) ________________________

7. How would you rate the traffic policing in Kattappana?

a) Excellent

b) Good

c) Average

d) Poor

8. What according to you are the major traffic violations occurring in Kattappana?

a) Drunken driving

b) Driving without seatbelt

c) Riding without helmet

d) Using mobile phones while driving

e) Narrow Roads

f) Pedestrian problems

g) Any other (please specify) __________________________________

9. Give your suggestions to control violations of traffic rules and reduce traffic
accidents?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

52
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______

7.3) Traffic rules and penalty for violation

Sl.No Description Section of MV Act / KMV Act Compounding Amount


1 High Beam Sec 360(3) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs.100
Rule 359 of KMV Rule & Rule 119 (2) of Central
2 Using Air Horn Rs.100
MV Rule

53
Using Seat reserved for
3 Rule 227 (c) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs.100
ladies
4 No Driving Licence (D.L) Sec 3(1) r/w 181 of MV Act Rs.500
Allow to drive without D/L.
5 Sec. r/w 180 Rs.500
charge to owner
No Registration Certificate
6 Sec.39 r/w 192 of MV Act Rs.100 to 500
(R.C)
No valid Insurance
7 Sec. 146 r/w 196 of MV Act Rs.250
Certificate
8 No Conductor's Licence Sec. 29 r/w 182 (2) of MV Act Rs.200
9 Reckless Driving Sec. 184 of MV Act Rs.1000
Disobeying Signals (one
10 Sec. 119(1) r/w 179 of MV Act Rs.500
way)
Disobeying lawful
directions/obstructing
11 Sec. 179 r/w sec. 179 of MV Act Rs.500
discharge of function of
authority
Tempo
Driver Rs.250
Owner Rs.250
12 Permit violation Sec. 66 r/w Sec. 192A of MV Act Mini Bus/Bus
Driver Rs.500
Owner Rs.500

13 Over Speed Sec. 183 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 300


Driving Vehicle in excess or
14 Sec. 142 r/w 183 of MV Act Rs. 300
Speed limit
15 D.L not in possession Sec.130(1) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
Conductor License not in
16 Sec. 130(2) r/w 177 Rs. 100
possession

17 R.C not in possession Sec. 130(3) r/w 177 Rs. 100


Insurance Certificate not in
18 Sec 158(1)a r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
possession

More than two persons in


19 Sec. 128 r/w 177 Rs. 100
Motor Cycle
Not Wearing of protective
20 Sec. 129 r/w 177 Rs. 100
Head Gear
21 No Parking Sec. 122 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
22 Speed Limit Sec. 112 r/w 183(1) of MV Act Rs. 300
23 P.C not in possession Sec. 158(1) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
Allowing to drive someone
24 Sec. 5 r/w 180 of MV Act Rs. 500
without D/L. penalty owner
Travelling on Foot-board
25 Sec. 123(1) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
charge to Conductor
Travelling on Foot-board
26 Sec. 123(2) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
charge to Traveler
27 Traffic Obstruction Sec. 122 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
28 No Fitness Certificate Sec. 56 r/w 192 of MV Act Rs. 500
29 No Uniform to Driver Rule 41 r/w 177 Rs. 100
Driver behave in uncivil
30 Rule 46(2) (b) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
manner

54
44
31 Over Charge Rule 46(P) of MV Act Rs. 100
32 Taxi Meter not operating Rule 299 r/w 177 Rs. 100
33 No Head Light Rule 360 r/w 177 Rs. 100
Driving Vehicle in excess of
34 Sec.112 r/w 183 of MV Act Rs. 500
Speed limit
Refusal to ply Contract
35 Sec. 178 r/w Sec. 178 of MV Act Rs. 200
Carrier (A/R)
36 Conductor not in Uniform Rule 85 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
37 One way violation Rule 17 of RRR 1989 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
38 Failure to stop on demand Sec. 132 r/w 179 of MV Act Rs. 500
Tax not seen paid during
39 Rule 148 r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
the Q.E
40 More Sound from silencer Rule 120 CMV Act Rs. 100
41 Left side overtaking Sec. 118 r/w R.4 of RRR 1989 of MV Act Rs. 100
42 No Pollution Certificate Sec. 190(2) of MV Act Rs. 500
Case will be FIR
Sec. 279 IPC & Sec. 185 of MV Act (D/L
43 Drunken Driving registered and person
required)
will be arrested
Driver's Badge not in
44 Rule 46(1) (a) r/w 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
possession
Driver misbehaves in uncivil
45 Rule 40(2) r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
manner
46 Over Charge Rule 89 ( r ) r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
47 No Registration mark Rule 77 r/w sec 177 Rs. 100
48 No Registration mark Rule 77 r/w sec 177 Rs. 300 - 500
49 No First Aid Box Rule 151 r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
50 Permit not in possession Rule 161 r/w Sec. 177 of MV Act Rs. 100
51 GCR (GVR) not maintained Rule 162 r/w Sec. 177 Rs. 100
52 Trip Sheet not maintained Rule 224 r/w Sec. 177 Rs. 100

53 No Side Mirror Rule 251 r/w Sec. 177 Rs. 100

7.4) Traffic signs/signals

Cautionary signals

Right Hand Left Hand Right Hair Pin Left Hair Pin Right Reverse
Curve Curve Bend Bend Bend

55
Left Reverse Narrow Road Road Wideness
Steep Ascent Steep Descent
Bend Ahead Ahead

Narrow Pedestrian
Slippery Road Loose Gravel Cycle Crossing
Bridge Crossing

School Ahead Men at Work Cattle Falling Rocks Ferry

Gap in Side Road


Cross Road Side Road Left Y-Intersection
Median Right

Y- Staggered Staggered
Y-Intersection T-Intersection
Intersection Intersection Intersection

Major Road Major Road Hump or Rough


Roundabout Dangerous Dip
Ahead Ahead Road

3.2Mandatory Signs or Regulatory Signs

56
57
Straight Vehicle All Motor
Prohibited or One Way Sign One Way Sign Prohibited in Vehicles
No Entry Both Directions Prohibited

Truck Bullock Cart Tonga Hand Cart Cycle


Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited

Pedestrians Right turn Left Tturn U-Turn Overtaking


Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited

Bullock Cart &


Horn
Cart Speed Limit Load Limit Height Limit
Prohibited
Prohibited

No Stopping or
Width Limit No Parking Stop Give Way
Standing

Compulsory
Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory
Turn Right
Ahead Only Keep Left Turn Left Tturn Right
Ahead

Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory


Compulsory Compulsory
Turn Left Ahead or Turn Ahead or Turn
Cycle Track Sound Horn
Ahead Left Right

58
3.3Informatory Road Signs

7.5) Speed limits in the city

SPEED LIMIT IN THE CITY


TYPE OF VEHICLES SCHOOL ZONES CITY/TOWN ZONES OTHER PLACES

59
CAR 25 KM 40 KM 70 KM

MOTOR CYCLES 25 KM 40 KM 50 KM

AUTO RIKSHAW 25 KM 30 KM 40 KM

LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLES 25 KM 40 KM 60 KM

HEAVY VEHICLES 15 KM 35 KM 60 KM

60
Chapter 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Business Statistics, by L. R. Potti

2) Website – en.wikipedia.org

61
3) Website – www.google.com

4) Mr. A. C. Thomas BA, LLM, DYSP


Kattappana

5)

62

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