Oscilloscopes

By:
Kr. Rajeev Ranjan

May 8, 2010 1
 Introduction: Theory of Oscilloscope

What is an oscilloscope?

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

-first oscilloscope
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 Introduction
•A graph-displaying device of electrical signal
•X axis: Time
•Y axis: Voltage
•Z axis: Intensity or brightness

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 Information Given by Oscilloscope

•Time and voltage

•Frequency and phase
•DC and AC components
•Spectral analysis
•Rise and fall time
•Mathematical analysis

Any Thing Else??? Guess ???

May 8, 2010 4
 What can you do with Oscilloscope?

• Designing and repairing electronic equipment

• With the proper transducer (Ex: microphone)
– Electrical signal in response to physical stimuli,
such as sound, mechanical stress, light, or heat.
– Engine vibrations
– Brain waves

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 Control panel of an Oscilloscope

• Vertical Section
• Horizontal Section
• Trigger Section

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 Basic Setting:
• Vertical system
– attenuation or amplification of signal (volts/div)
• Horizontal system
– The Time base (sec/div)
• Trigger system
– To stabilize a repeating signal and to trigger on a single event

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 In Digital Circuit
• Measuring
– Logic level
– Timing
– Logic strength
– Rise and fall time
– Frequency
– Signal integrity
• Waveform distortion
May 8, 2010 • Noise level 8
 In Digital Circuit
• Diagnosing
– Timing fault
– Proper fan-in and fan-out
– Proper pull-up and/or termination
– Collision
– Signal integrity
• Reflection
• Noise, crosstalk and ground bounce
– Open, short or stuck at 0 or 1
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 Type of Oscilloscope
Analog and digital oscilloscope

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 Analog Oscilloscope
• Real-time display of signals
• Block diagram
– Sweep generator and vertical amplifier
– Earthquake recorder

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 Digital Oscilloscope
• Capture and view events
– Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)

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 Digital Oscilloscope Contd…
 Sampling

 Interpolation

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 Advantages of Digital Oscilloscope

 Trend towards digital.

 Easy to use.
 One-shot measurement
 Recoding
 Triggering
 Data reuse
 Connectivity
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 Probes used in CRO/DSO
Components

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 Probes

Properties
•High quality connector
•High impedance (10M)
•50 for high frequency measurement
Types
•Active Probe
•Passive Probe

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 Passive Probe

• 10 attenuation
– Good for low circuit loading
– Suitable to high frequency signal
– Difficult to measure less than 10mV signals
• 1 attenuation
– Good for small signals
– Introducing more interference
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 Active Probe

• Signal conditioning ⇒ oscilloscope

• Require power source
• Good for high speed digital signals over
100MHz clock frequency

May 8, 2010 18
 Summary
Oscilloscope: A graphical device showing voltage w.r.t time.
Types
•Analog or Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
•Digital or Digital Storage Oscilloscope

Probes used in CRO/DSO should be High quality connector

and its impedance should be properly matched.
Active Probe and Passive Probe are there as per the
requirements

Applications
Design and Debug
Education and Training
Manufacturing Test and Quality Control
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Service and Repair
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