CONE

A cone is a type of geometric shape. There are different kinds of cones. They
all have a flat surface on one side that tapers to a point on the other side.
We will be discussing a right circular cone on this page. This is a cone with a
circle for a flat surface that tapers to a point that is 90 degrees from the center
of the circle.

Terms of a Cone
In order to calculate the surface area and volume of a cone we first need to
understand a few terms:
Radius - The radius is the distance from the center to the edge of the circle at
the end.
Height - The height is the distance from the center of the circle to the tip of the
cone.
Slant - The slant is the length from the edge of the circle to the tip of the cone.
Pi - Pi is a special number used with circles. We will use an abbreviated
version where Pi = 3.14. We also use the symbol to refer to the number pi in
formulas.
Surface Area of a Cone
The surface area of a cone is the surface area of the outside of the cone plus
the surface area of the circle at the end. There is a special formula used to
figure this out.

Surface area = rs + r2

r = radius
s = slant
= 3.14
This is the same as saying (3.14 x radius x slant) + (3.14 x radius x radius)
Example:
What is the surface area of a cone with radius 4 cm and slant 8 cm?
Surface area = rs + r2
= (3.14x4x8) + (3.14x4x4)
= 100.48 + 50.24
= 150.72 cm2
Volume of a Cone
There is special formula for finding the volume of a cone. The volume is how
much space takes up the inside of a cone. The answer to a volume question is
always in cubic units.

Volume = 1/3r2h

This is the same as 3.14 x radius x radius x height 3

Example:
Find the volume of a cone with radius 4 cm and height 7 cm?
Volume = 1/3r2h
= 3.14 x 4 x 4 x 7 3
= 117.23 cm 3
Things to RememberSurface area of a cone = rs + r2

Volume of a cone = 1/3r2h

The slant of a right circle cone can be figured out using the Pythagorean
Theorem if you have the height and the radius.

Answers for volume problems should always be in cubic units.

Answers for surface area problems should always be in square units.

Other mathematical meaning

A double cone (not shown infinitely extended)

In mathematical usage, the word "cone" is used also for an
"infinite cone", the union of a set of half-lines that start at a
common apex point and go through a base. An infinite cone is not
bounded by its base but extends to infinity. A "doubly infinite
cone", or "double cone", is the union of a set of straight lines that
pass through a common apex point and go through a base,
therefore double infinite cones extend symmetrically on both
sides of the apex.
The boundary of an infinite or doubly infinite cone is a conical
surface, and the intersection of a plane with this surface is a conic
section. For infinite cones, the word axis again usually refers to
the axis of rotational symmetry (if any). Either half of a double
cone on one side of the apex is called a "nappe".
Depending on the context, "cone" may also mean specifically a
convex cone or a projective cone.
Further terminology
The perimeter of the base of a cone is called the "directrix", and
each of the line segments between the directrix and apex is a
"generatrix" of the lateral surface. (For the connection between
this sense of the term "directrix" and the directrix of a conic
section, see Dandelin spheres.)
The volume and the surface area for a straight cone are described
in the geometry section below.
The "base radius" of a circular cone is the radius of its base; often
this is simply called the radius of the cone. The aperture of a right
circular cone is the maximum angle between two generatrix lines;
if the generatrix makes an angle to the axis, the aperture is 2.
A cone with its apex cut off by a plane is called a "truncated
cone"; if the truncation plane is parallel to the cone's base, it is
called a frustum. An "elliptical cone" is a cone with anelliptical

base. A "generalized cone" is the surface created by the set of

lines passing through a vertex and every point on a boundary
(also see visual hull

For a circular cone with radius R and height H, the formula for
volume becomes

where r is the radius of the cone at height h measured from the

apex:

Thus:

Thus:

For a right circular cone, the surface area

where

is the slant height.

The first term in the area formula,

while the second term,

is

, is the area of the base,

, is the area of the lateral surface.

A right circular cone with height

and aperture
, whose axis is
the
coordinate axis and whose apex is the origin, is described
parametrically as

where

range over

, and

, respectively.

In implicit form, the same solid is defined by the inequalities

where

More generally, a right circular cone with vertex at the origin, axis

parallel to the vector

, and aperture

vector equation

, is given by the implicit

where
or

where

, and

denotes the dot produ

Cone Shape

r = radius
h = height
s = slant height
V = volume
L = lateral surface area
B = base surface area
A = total surface area
= pi = 3.14159
= square root
About this Calculator
This online calculator will calculate the various properties of a
right circular cone given any 2 known variables. The term
"circular" clarifies this shape as a pyramid with a circular cross
section. The term "right" means that the vertex of the cone is
centered above the base. Using the term "cone" by itself often
commonly means a right circular cone.
* Units: Note that units are shown for convenience but do not
affect the calculations.
The units are in place to give an
indication of the order of the results such as ft, ft 2 or ft3. For
example, if you are starting with mm and you know r and h in
mm, your calculations will result with s in mm, V in mm 3, L in
mm2, B in mm2 and A in mm2.
Below are the standard formulas for a cone. Calculations are

based on algebraic manipulation of these standard formulas.

Circular Cone Formulas in terms of radius r and height h:

Volume of a cone:
o
V = (1/3)r2h
Slant height of a cone:
o
s = (r2 + h2)
Lateral surface area of a cone:
o
L = rs = r(r2 + h2)
Base surface area of a cone (a circle):
o
B = r2
Total surface area of a cone:
o
A = L + B = rs + r2 = r(s + r) = r(r + (r2 + h2))

Circular Cone Calculations:

Use the following additional formulas along with the formulas
above.

Given radius and height calculate the slant height, volume,

lateral surface area and total surface area.
Given r, h find s, V, L, A
o
use the formulas above

Given radius and slant height calculate the height, volume,

lateral surface area and total surface area.
Given r, s find h, V, L, A
o
h = (s2 - r2)

Given radius and volume calculate the height, slant height,

lateral surface area and total surface area.
Given r, V find h, s, L, A
o
h = (3 * v) / (r2)

Given radius and lateral surface area calculate the height,

slant height, volume and total surface area.
Given r, L find h, s, V, A
o
s = L / (r)
o
h = (s2 - r2)

Given radius and total surface area calculate the height,

slant height, volume and lateral surface area.
Given r, A find h, s, V, L
o
s = [A - (r2)] / (r)
o
h = (s2 - r2)

Given height and slant height calculate the radius, volume,

lateral surface area and total surface area.
Given h, s find r, V, L, A
o
r = (s2 - h2)

Given height and volume calculate the radius, slant height,

lateral surface area and total surface area.

Given h, V find r, s, L, A
o
r = [ (3 * v) / ( * h) ]

Given slant height and lateral surface area calculate the

radius, height, volume, and total surface area.
Given s, L find r, h, V, A
o
r = L / ( * s)
o
h = (s2 - r2)
Surface Area of a Cone
The first step in finding the surface area of a cone is to measure the radius of the circle
part of the cone. The next step is to find the area of the circle, or base. The area of a
circle is 3.14 times the radius squared (r2). Now, you will need to find the area of the
cone itself. In order to do this, you must measure the side (slant height) of the cone.
Make sure you use the same form of measurement as the radius.
You can now use the measurement of the side to find the area of the cone. The formula
for the area of a cone is 3.14 times the radius times the side (rl).
So the surface area of the cone equals the area of the circle plus the area of the cone and
the final formula is given by:
SA = r2 + rl

Where,
r is the radius
h is the height
l is the slant height
The area of the curved (lateral) surface of a cone = rl
Note:
A cone does not have uniform (or congruent) cross-sections. (more about conic section
here)

Example 1: A cone has a radius of 3cm and height of 5cm, find total surface area of the
cone.
Solution:
To begin with we need to find slant height of the cone, which is determined by using
Pythagoras, since the cross section is a right triangle.
l 2 = h 2 + r2
l 2 = 5 2 + 32
l2 = 25 + 9
l = (34)
l = 5.83 cm
And the total surface area of the cone is:
SA = r2 + rl
SA = r (r + l)
SA = 3 (3 + 5.83)
SA = 83.17 cm2
Therefore, the total surface area of the cone is 83.17cm2

Example 2: The total surface area of a cone is 375 square inches. If its slant height is
four times the radius, then what is the base diameter of the cone? Use = 3.
Solution:
The total surface area of a cone = rl + r2 = 375 inch2
Slant height: l = 4 radius = 4r

Substitute l = 4r and = 3
3 r 4 r + 3 r2 = 375
12r2 + 3r2 = 375
15r2 = 375
r2 = 25
r = 25
r=5
So the base radius of the cone is 5 inch.
And the base diameter of the cone = 2 radius = 2 5 = 10 inch.

Example 3: What is the total surface area of a cone if its radius = 4cm and height = 3 cm.
Solution:

As mentioned earlier the formula for the surface area of a cone is given by:
SA = r2 + rl
SA = r(r + l)
As in the previous example the slant can be determined using Pythagoras:
l 2 = h 2 + r2
l 2 = 3 2 + 42
l2 = 9 + 16
l=5
Insert l = 5 we will get:
SA = r(r + l)
SA = 3.14 4 (4+5)
SA = 113.04 cm2

Example 4: The slant height of a cone is 20cm. the diameter of the base is 15cm. Find the
curved surface area of cone.
Solution:
Given that,
Slant height: l = 20cm
Diameter: d = 15cm
Radius: r = d/2 = 15/2 = 7.5cm

Curved surface area = rl

CSA = rl
CSA = 7.5 20
CSA =471.24 cm2

Example 5: Height and radius of the cone is 5 yard and 7 yard. Find the lateral surface
area of the given cone.
Solution:
Lateral surface area of the cone = rl
Step 1:
Slant height of the cone:

l 2 = h 2 + r2
l 2 = 7 2 + 52
l2 = 49 + 25
l = 8.6
Step 2: Lateral surface area:
LSA = rl
LSA = 3.14 7 8.6
LSA =189.03 yd2
So, the lateral surface area of the cone = 189.03 squared yard.

Example 6: A circular cone is 15 inches high and the radius of the base is 20 inches What
is the lateral surface area of the cone?
Solution:
The lateral surface area of cone is given by:
LSA = r l
LSA =3.14 20 15
LSA = 942 inch2

Example 7: Find the total surface area of a cone, whose base radius is 3 cm and the
perpendicular height is 4 cm.
Solution:
Given that:
r = 3 cm
h = 4 cm
To find the total surface area of the cone, we need slant height of the cone, instead the
perpendicular height.
The slant height l can be found by using Pythagoras theorem.
l 2 = h 2 + r2
l 2 = 3 2 + 42
l2 = 9 + 16
l=5
The total surface area of the cone is therefore:
SA = r(r + l)
SA = 3.14 3 (3+5)
SA = 75.36 cm2

Surface area of a right cone

Definition: The number of square units that will exactly cover the surface of a
cone.
Try this Drag the orange dots to adjust the radius and height of the cone and
note how the area changes.

Recall that a cone can be broken down into two parts - the top part with slanted
sides, and the circular disc making the base. We can find the total surface area
by adding these together.

The base is a circle of radius r. The area of as circle is given

by

For more, see Area of a circle.

The top section has an area given by

base, and s is the slant height.
See also Derivation of cone area.

where r is the radius at the

The slant height is the distance along the cone surface from the top to the
bottom rim. If you are given the perpendicular height, you can find the slant
height using the Pythagorean Theorem. For more see Slant height of a cone.
By adding these together we get the final formula:

This can be

simplified by combining some terms, but we usually keep it this way because
sometimes we want the area of each piece separately. (See the example below).
Example
Find the area of roof material needed to cover the conical roof shown below.

Because we are not going to cover the

circular base, we only need the area of the top, sloping part of the cone.
From the above we see that the area of of the sloping top is given by
The radius r of the cone at its base is 3ft (half the diameter), and
the slant height s is 12ft. Substituting these into the formula we get

Things to try

In the top figure, click 'reset' and 'hide details'

Adjust the height and radius by dragging the two orange dots
Calculate the surface area
Click "Show details" to check your answer

Volume and Surface Area of a Cylinder

What is a cylinder?
There are different kinds of cylinders. On this page we will be discussing the
most simple form where the cylinder looks like a tube or a soup can with two
circles at each end that are the same size and parallel.

Terms of a Cylinder
In order to calculate the surface area and volume of a cylinder we first need to
understand a few terms:
Radius - The radius is the distance from the center to the edge of the circles at
each end.
Pi - Pi is a special number used with circles. We will use an abbreviated
version where Pi = 3.14. We also use the symbol to refer to the number pi in
formulas.
Height - The height or length of the cylinder.
Surface Area of a Cylinder
The surface area of a cylinder is the surface area of both circles at each end
plus the surface area of the outside of the tube. There is a special formula used
to figure this out.

Surface area = 2r2 + 2rh

r = radius
h = height
= 3.14
This is the same as saying (2 x 3.14 x radius x radius) + (2 x 3.14 x radius x
height)
Example:
What is the surface area of a cylinder with radius 3 cm and height 5 cm?
Surface area = 2r2 + 2rh
= (2x3.14x3x3) + (2x3.14x3x5)
= 56.52 + 94.2
= 150.72 cm2
Volume of a Cylinder
There is special formula for finding the volume of a cylinder. The volume is
how much space takes up the inside of a cylinder. The answer to a volume
question is always in cubic units.

Volume = r2h

This is the same as 3.14 x radius x radius x height

Example:
Find the volume of a cylinder with radius 3 cm and height 5 cm?
Volume = r2h
= 3.14 x 3 x 3 x 5
= 141.3 cm 3
Things to RememberSurface area of a cylinder = 2r2 + 2rh
Volume of a cylinder = r2h
You need to know the radius and height to figure both the volume and
surface area of a cylinder.
Answers for volume problems should always be in cubic units.
Answers for surface area problems should always be in square units.
Circular Cylinder Shape

r = radius
h = height
V = volume
L = lateral surface area
T = top surface area
B = base surface area
A = total surface area
= pi = 3.14159
= square root
About this Calculator
This online calculator will calculate the various properties of a
cylinder given 2 known values. This is a right circular cylinder
where the top and bottom surfaces are parallel but it is
commonly referred to as a "cylinder".

* Units: Note that units are shown for convenience but do not
affect the calculations.
The units are in place to give an
indication of the order of the results such as ft, ft 2 or ft3. For
example, if you are starting with mm and you know r and h in
mm, your calculations will result with V in mm 3, L in mm2, T in
mm2, B in mm2 and A in mm2.
Below are the standard formulas for a cylinder. Calculations are
based on algebraic manipulation of these standard formulas.
Cylinder Formulas in terms of r and h:
Calculate volume of a cylinder:
o
V = r2h

Calculate the lateral surface area of a cylinder (just the

curved outside)**:
o
L = 2rh

Calculate the top and bottom surface area of a cylinder (2

circles):
o
T = B = r2

Total surface area of a closed cylinder is:

o
A = L + T + B = 2rh + 2(r2) = 2r(h+r)
** The area calculated is only the lateral surface of the outer
cylinder wall. To calculate the total surface area you will need to
also calculate the area of the top and bottom. You can do this
using the circle calculator.

Cylinder Calculations:
Use the following additional formulas along with the formulas
above.

Given radius and height calculate the volume, lateral surface

area and total surface area.
Calculate V, L, A | Given r, h
o
use the formulas above

Given radius and volume calculate the height, lateral surface

area and total surface area.
Calculate h, L, A | Given r, V
o
h = V / r2

Given radius and lateral surface area calculate the height,

volume and total surface area.
Calculate h, V, A | Given r, L
o
h = L/2r

Given height and lateral surface area calculate the radius,

volume and total surface area.
Calculate r, V, A | Given h, L
o
r = L/2h

Given height and volume calculate the radius, lateral surface

area and total surface area.

Calculate r, L, A | Given h, V
o
$r = ( V / h )
rom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A right circular cylinder with radius rand height h.

A cylinder (from Greek kulindros, "roller, tumbler"[1])
is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the
surfaceformed by the points at a fixed distance from a given
straight line, the axis of the cylinder. The solid enclosed by this
surface and by two planes perpendicular to the axis is also called
a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have
been known since deep antiquity.
If the cylinder has a radius r and length (height) h, then its volume
is given by
V=r2h
Having a right circular cylinder with a height h units and a base of
radius r units with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is
at the center of one base and the height is measured along the
positive x-axis. A plane section at a distance of x units from the
origin has an area of A(x) square units where

or

An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area Awi square

units and a thickness of ix units. Thus if V cubic units is the
volume of the right circular cylinder, by Riemann sums,

Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by

integration over