INTRODUCTION

For the summer training as per the syllabus of diploma part-1, I worked at
unity multicons pvt. ltd . They are constructing many big projects of Temples,
Masjids, Appartments, Bunglows etc.
Engineer of that site, Er.Quazi Syed Shujaat ali sir had been explaining about
the language of engineers i.e. drawings those drawings were having the details
of reinforcement and sizes of structural members such as column, beams, &
slab.
On the site I learnt about how to read the drawing and how to make use of that
drawing during execution. I understood how the one engineer can convert the
planning of one work in actual execution process and I also learned how to
tackle the problem during execution.

PROJECT PERIOD :
The given project has started at the year of Feb. 2015 and the estimated
completion period of the project is 2 years.

PROJECT DETAILING :
The project is very good and the working condition of this project is under very
fast progress and we also observed that the engineer and all office staff
members are very honest and they are very punctual about their work and all
member connected to tat project is very co-operative with the working
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employees and thats why all the employes are working for 12 hour and we also
get satisfied with the management of this particular site and we are very lucky
of getting the training under such a big project.

MATERIAL MANAGEMENT :
In this summer training we came to know about the material, and how is to be
supplied to the site. It includes various types of checks for this based on
experience, site supervisor teaches us how the material is to be managed.
Material management mainly includes avoiding the wastages of material and
proper utilization of material along with the safety of the material. On the site
I came to know about the rates of various material.

Steel used on site :

SAIL= Fe 500 of 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 mm.

Cement used on site :

Birla Gold cement of OPC 53 and aggregates of varying sizes.

Formwork :
Steel formwork.

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STORAGE OF MATERIAL:
As site is easily susceptible to weather conditions has to be predicted from the
negative effects of it.
On that particular site the material is stored in very good separate ways. The
different shed is constructed for storing different material so that why avoiding
the problem of miss handling and shortening of material.

QUALITY OF THE MATERIAL:

These can be observed by the tests taken on the materials are following the
standards or not. If not then it is to be replaced by a good one. On the
construction site the quality of the material was well maintained.

DRAWING :
On the site we learn to read the drawing and how to make practical use of the
drawing.
Basically on site we learn the drawing of steel details, and positioning of the
structural members such as beams, columns etc. and there sizes.

PLACING OF FORMWORK :
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On construction site we have seen how the centering and formwork to be done
and checking the proper position of the formwork and centering work. As
shown in fig no. 1

PLACING OF STEEL :
In this we have seen how steel is to be placed according to the drawings for the
beams and slab. And I have checked that whether they have placed according to
drawing or not.

Fig no.1 (Placing of formwork)

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LABOUR WORK :
For more effective work any where around the world direction is needed or
some help is needed. Similarly on site for effective work supervision is must
needed. We can achieve this by providing skilled supervision workers or labours
will work sincerely without any mistiness or laziness.
On site labours are working with very good effort and they are very working
very honestly. So therefore the work progress is according with the
management.

SUPERVISION :
On the site we had done supervision as well as, which was a very new and
interesting experience.
Due to this summer training I also came across with office work. What is to be
done if any problem occurs, how to handle all the things on site and also we
came to know about the site difficulties, behaviors of labour and very important,
that how to maintain the quality of work. In this way I learned the things
regarding site and site experience

GRADES OF CEMENT

GRADE 33
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The cement having strength 33 grade N/mm 2 after 28 days when tested is called
as 33 grade cement
USES
Plastering, brickwork, tilling work
Fineness (specific area) =300 m2/Kg

GRADE 43
The cement having strength 43 N/mm2 after 28 days when tested is called as 43
grade cement
USES
Framed structure
Fineness=225 m2/Kg

GRADE 53
The cement having strength 53 N/mm2 after 28 days when tested is called as 53
grade cement
USES
Used for RCC structure
Fineness = 225m2/Kg
Properties of this cement are
1.Moderately sulphate resisting
2.low chloride content
3.speedy construction
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TYPES OF MIXERS USED ON SITE

TILTING MIXER
These have a conical shaped revolving drum with three sets of vanes or blades
arranged spirally on the inner surface.
The drum can be lifted about a horizontal axis to various positions. A
hopper,which rests on the ground till the ingredients are loaded on it,is raised
and feeds the ingredients in the drum on one side.
The hopper is lowered ,the water is added in the drum and the concrete is mixed
for about 3 to 5 minutes by the rotation of drum.
After this time the drum tilts to the opposite side and empties the fresh concrete
on hard surface ,generally a metal sheet ,from where it is carried for pouring in
the formwork.
The drum then rotates back to starting position ,ready for the next cycle. The
tilting mixer is shown in Fig. below

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BATCHING
The measurement of materials for making concrete is known as batching. There
are two methods of batching
1. volume batching
2. weight batching

CURING
Curing is defined as the process in which freshly cast concrete is kept in
sufficiently wet or humid conditions for certain period after compaction. So that
the hydration reaction is completely achieved

READY MIX CONCRETE

Now a days streets are crowded, the traffic cannot be stopped and construction
must be done in congested areas without disturbing the traffic or without
disturbing the neighbourhood.
In such situations, ready mix concrete or RMC as it is known in short form,
provides available solutions with some added advantages.
The first and foremost advantage is that, the concrete is produced exactly as per
mix design.

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STAIRWAY
A stairway consists of a series of steps and landings. Each step
consists of a
horizontal platform, or tread, and a vertical separation or
enclosure, called a riser. Railings are placed along the sides of
the stairway and floor openings
for safety reasons. Also, structural members may be provided
to support the stairsand the floor edges. Often, in addition, the
stairway must be enclosed for fire protection.

ELEVATORS
Elevators are installed to provide speedier vertical
transportation, especially in
tall buildings. Transportation is provided in an enclosed car that
moves along
guides, usually within a fire-resistant vertical shaft but
sometimes unenclosed along the exterior of a building. The
shaft, or the exterior wall, has openings, protected by doors, at
each floor to provide access to the elevator car. The car may be
suspended on and moved by cables or set atop a piston moved
by hydraulic pressure.

WORKABILITY
Workability of a concrete is the property most important to contractors who

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must place the concrete into forms and finish it. Workability includes the
properties of cohesiveness, plasticity, and no segregation. It is greatly
influenced by aggregate shape and gradation. Mixes that are hard to pump,
place, and finish include those deficient in fines, those with flat and elongated
aggregates, and those with an excessive amount of fines (sand and cement). If
the sand is deficient in fines, workability can be increased by addition of 30 to
50 lb /yd3 of fly ash. The most effective method of producing workable
concrete is to employ a well graded, combined aggregate gradation.

CERAMIC TILES
Ceramic tile is a burned-clay product used primarily for decorative and sanitary
effects. It is composed of a clay body on which is superimposed a decorative
glaze.The tiles are usually flat but vary in size from about 12 in square to more
than 6 in. Their shape is also widely variablesquares, rectangles, and
hexagons are the predominating forms, to which must be added coved moldings
and other decorative forms. These tiles are not dependent on the color of the
clay for their final color, since they are usually glazed. Hence, they are available
in a complete color gradation from pure whites through pastels of varying hue
to deep solid colors and jet blacks.

THINGS OBSERVED ON SITE :

The number of new practical things observed by me is listed below.

1. The procedure required for making the plumb for walls during brick
work.
2. The footing placed on site is raft and combine footing.
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3. I observed the reinforcement of that particular lift wall.

4. I came to know how the reinforcement placed for beam and I also
learned how to beam.
5. I also get familiar with the placing of main steel, anchored bar, stirrups
for different beam.
6. The method of placing of formwork.
7. The reinforcement provided for column.
8. I get to why cover is provided for column and beams.
9. I also learned how to cast the column in the different stages.
10.The shuttering for column, beam, slab.
11.Rebaring technique.
12.Electrical work.
13.Staircase reinforcement and formwork.
14.Concreting for slab, beam and column.

15.

Brick work.

CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY TANK :

Safety tank is 2.75m wide, 2.10m long and 1.80m below the ground level.
For construction of safety tank following material are used :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

One brass aggregate.

Two brass sand.
Five bag cement.
One thousand fifty bricks.
Half bottle Dr. Fixit.
Wall thickness of safety tank is nine inch.
Plain concrete cement ( p.c.c.) thickness is four inch.

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FOUNDATION DETAILS :
Footing is four feet below the ground level. The type of footing is column
footing. Plain concrete cement (p.c.c.) bed is four inch on ground surface.
For plain concrete cement bed following material are used :

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Two brass sand.

Five bag cement.
Two thousand bricks.
Five workers.
Sizes of column footing is 1.50 ft.
Sizes of column are :
Outer columns sizes are : 16 x 09 inch.
Inner column size is : 18 x 09 inch.

CONSTRUCTION OF GROUND FLOOR :

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First prepared plinth level three feet above ground level. Then filing the column
2.5 feet above ground level. Then throw the murum in built up area parallel to
plinth level and three feet above ground level.
When complete the construction of plinth height and filling the column then
prepared beam to all sides in builtup area. After prepared masonry of wall
above the plinth level ten feet. Then fill the column one more again then
constructed slab on constructed column. After prepared first floor.

DETAILS OF BEAM :
Reinforcement cover in beam :
Minimum cover in beam must be 25mm or shall not be less than the larger
diameter of bar for all steel reinforcement including links.
Nominal cover specified in table 16 & 16A of IS456-2000 should be used to
satisfy the durability criteria.
Types of reinforcement in beams :
Generally a beam consists of following steel

reinforcements.

Longitudinal reinforcement at tension and compression face.

Shear reinforcements in the form of vertical stirrups and or bent up longitudinal
bars are provided.
Side face reinforcement in the web of the beam is provided when the depth of
the web in a beam exceeds 750mm. ( 0.1 % of the web area and shall be
distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not exceeding 300mm or web
thickness which ever is less ).
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DETAILS OF SLAB :
A concrete slab is common structural element of modern building. Horizontal
slabs of reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches ( 10 and 15
centimeter ) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while
thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, 6
inches ( 15 centimeter ) thick, are called mud slabs, particularly when used
under the main floor slabs or in crawl spaces.
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slabs, supported on
foundations or directly on subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of
building. These can either be ground-bearing or suspended slabs in high
rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, precast concrete slabs are slung between
the steels frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level.
On the technical drawings, reinforced concrete slabs are often abbreviated to
R.C.C. slabs or simple R.C.

FUNCTION OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENT :

Excavation department : To dig the specified plot area for the foundation
building structure.
Centering department : To construct the foundation of the building with the
help of column footing. Foundation is the base of building structure also support
to the overall building structure.
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After filling the foundation with the help of murum.

Masonary department : To prepared plinth of height three meter and also
prepared wall. When complete the plinth level beam.
One more again filling the three meter plinth level with the help of murum.
After prepared beam on plinth level and on murum. Then construct plain
concrete cement ( P.C.C. ) on plinth level.
When complete the P.C.C. work then start the construction of wall. Than
filling the column with the help of concrete.
When complete the column work than start the construction of slab. Then one
more again repeat process for first floor of building structure

CONCLUSION
From this 1 month site training programme I got lot of practical knowledge
about the undertaking site and also I learned lot of managing skill which helps
you to keep the progress of work with the planning of project. So therefore I can
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achieve the economy as well as the completion of work within the stipulated
time and I also came to know the mechanism of different equipment used during
execution of work and I learned how the labor provide the formwork for
different structural member and I also learned how the reinforcement provide
for beams, columns etc. last but not least I got the experience of maintaining the
site with the planning so as to achieve economy and better quality.

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