Metering functions

Residual voltage
Neutral point voltage

Residual voltage
Operation
This function gives the following values:
b main residual voltage V0 = V1 + V2 + V3
b additional residual voltageV 0 = V 1 + V 2 + V 3

The residual voltage value may be:

b calculated by an open star/delta VT
b or calculated by taking the internal sum of the 3 phase voltages.
It is based on the measurement of the fundamental 50 Hz or 60 Hz component
of the voltages.

Readout
The measurements may be accessed via:
b the Sepam display via the
key
b the display of a PC with the SFT2841 software
b the communication link.

Characteristics
0.015 to 3 Vnp (1)
V or kV
1V
1 % from 0.5 to 3 Vnp
2 % from 0.05 to 0.5 Vnp
5 % from 0.02 to 0.05 Vnp
Display format
3 significant digits
Refresh interval
1 second (typical)
(1) Vnp: primary rated phase-to-neutral voltage (Vnp = Unp/3).
Measurement range
Units
Resolution
Accuracy

Neutral point voltage

Operation
This function gives the value of the zero sequence voltage Vnt, measured at the
neutral point of a generator or motor by a dedicated VT:
Vnt = ( V1 + V2 + V3 ) 3

Readout
The measurements may be accessed via:
b the Sepam display via the
key
b the display of a PC with the SFT2841 software
b the communication link.

Characteristics
0.015 Vnp to 3 Vntp (1)
V or kV
1V
1 % from 0.5 to 3 Vntp
2 % from 0.05 to 0.5 Vntp
5 % from 0.02 to 0.05 Vntp
Display format
3 significant digits
Refresh interval
1 second (typical)
(1) Vntp: neutral point voltage transformer primary voltage.
Measurement range
Units
Resolution
Accuracy

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33

Protection functions

Neutral voltage displacement

ANSI code 59N

Protection against insulation faults

Description
Protection against insulation faults by measuring the residual voltage V0 or the
neutral point voltage Vnt for generators and motors.
The residual voltage is obtained by the vector sum of the phase voltages or by
measurements using delta connected VTs.
The neutral point voltage is measured by a VT inserted in the neutral point of the
generator or the motor.
The protection function includes a time delay T, either definite or IDMT (dependent
on the residual voltage V0) (see tripping curve equation on page 226).
It operates only when a residual or neutral point voltage is available, by connecting
V1V2V3, V0 or Vnt.

DE50785

Block diagram

Characteristics
Settings
Measurement origin
Setting range

Tripping curve
Setting range
Vs0 set point
Definite time setting range
IDMT setting range
Accuracy (1)
Resolution
Drop out/pick up ratio
Time delay T (tripping time at 2 Vs0)
Definite time setting range
IDMT setting range
Accuracy (1)
Resolution

Main channels (V0)

Additional channels (V0)
Neutral-point voltage (Vnt)
Definite time
IDMT (dependent on the residual voltage V0)
2 % Unp to 80 % Unp (for residual voltage V0)
2 % Vntp to 80 % Vntp (for neutral point voltage Vnt)
2 % Unp to 10 % Unp (for residual voltage V0)
2 % Vntp to 10 % Vntp (for neutral point voltage Vnt)
2 % or 0.005 Unp
1%
97 % 2 % or > (1 - 0.006 Unp/Vs0) x 100 %
50 ms to 300 s
100 ms to 10 s
5 % or 25 ms
10 ms or 1 digit

Characteristic times
Operation time
Overshoot time
Reset time

pick-up < 45 ms (typically 25 ms) at 2 Vs0

< 40 ms at 2 Vs0
< 40 ms at 2 Vs0

Inputs
Designation
Protection reset
Protection inhibition

Syntax
Equations
P59N_x_101 b
P59N_x_113 b

Logipam
b
b

Outputs
Designation
Syntax
Instantaneous output (pick-up)
P59N_x_1
Delayed output
P59N_x_3
Protection inhibited
P59N_x_16
x: unit number.
(1) Under reference conditions (IEC 60255-6).

178

Equations
b
b
b

Logipam
b
b
b

Matrix
b

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Protection functions

General
Tripping curves

Current IDMT tripping curves

Multiple IDMT tripping curves are offered, to cover most applications:
b IEC curves (SIT, VIT/LTI, EIT)
b IEEE curves (MI, VI, EI)
b commonly used curves (UIT, RI, IAC).
IEC curves
Equation

Curve type

Coefficient values
k

0.14
0.02
13.5
1
120
1
80
2
315.2
2.5

Standard inverse / A
Very inverse / B
Long time inverse / B
Extremely inverse / C
Ultra inverse

k
T
t d ( I ) = -------------------- --
---I- 1
I s

RI curve
Equation:

2.97
1.50
13.33
0.808
1

1
T
t d ( I ) = ----------------------------------------------------- -----------------I 1 3.1706

0.339 0.236 --- I s

IEEE curves
Equation

Curve type

Coefficient values
A
B
0.010
0.023
3.922
0.098
5.64
0.0243

Moderately inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse

T
A
t d ( I ) = ---------------------- + B --p
I

- 1
--
I

0.241
0.138
0.081

p
0.02
2
2

IAC curves
Equation

Curve type
Inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse

Coefficient values
A
B
0.208
0.863
0.090
0.795
0.004
0.638

C
0.800
0.100
0.620

D
-0.418
-1.288
1.787

E
0.195
7.958
0.246

0.297
0.165
0.092

T
B
E
D
t d ( I ) = A + ------------------- + ---------------------- + ---------------------- x ----2
3
I
---- C ---I- C

---I- C
I
I

I

s
s

Voltage IDMT tripping curves

Equation for ANSI 27 - Undervoltage

T
t d ( V ) = --------------------V
1 ------
V s

Equation for ANSI 59N - Neutral voltage displacement

T
t d ( V ) = ---------------------V
------ 1
V
s

Voltage/frequency ratio IDMT tripping curves

Equation for ANSI 24 - Overfluxing (V/Hz)
Where G = V/f or U/f

1
t d ( G ) = ------------------------- x T
p
G
------ 1
G

Curve type
A
B
C

p
0.5
1
2

226

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