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Профессиональный Документы
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Causal System
Non-Causal System
Input
Input
t
Output
t
Output
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x2(t)
x1(t)
x2(t)
Linear System
Linear System
Linear System
Non-Linear
Non-Linear
Non-Linear
y1(t)
y2(t)
y1(t)
y2(t)
x(t)
kx(t)
Linear System
Linear System
y(t)
ky(t)
Time-Invariance
Physical View: The system itself does not change with time
Ex. A circuit with fixed R,L,C is time invariant.
Actually, R,L,C values change slightly over time due to temperature & aging effects.
A circuit with, say, a variable R is time variant
(assuming that someone or something is changing the R value)
system
y(t)
y(t-t0)
y(t)
t
x(t-t0)
t
y(t-t0)
t
t0
t
t0
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y
t
b
b0 x (t )
N 1
0
M
1
N
N 1
M
dt
dt
dt
dt
- coefficients (as & bs) are constants TI
- No nonlinear terms Linear
Examples Of Nonlinear terms
k
p
d
x
t
d
x (t )
(
)
x n (t ),
,
k
dt dtp
k
p
d
y
t
d
y (t )
(
)
y n (t ) ,
, etc.
k
p
dt dt
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x n [n ],
x[n p ] x[n m] ,
y n [n ],
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Summary
Our focus will be on systems (DT & CT) that are:
1. Linear
2. Time-Invariant
Such systems will be called LTI systems.
We will mostly focus on causal systems since those are the ones
that can occur in the real world however, it will sometimes be
necessary to deal with non-causal systems in theory.
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