1. Define globalisation.

2. What does interdependence suggest?

IMF definition - 'the growing economic

interdependence of countries worldwide
through increasing volume & variety of crossborder transactions in goods & services,
freer international capital flows, & more
rapid & widespread diffusion of technology'.

That in a globalised world, events in any

one country will quickly spread to others.

3. How was the 'global network' of the British

Empire connected in the 19th century?

3. How was the 'global network'

of the British Empire connected
in the 19th century? [continued]

Anetwork of undersea telegraph cables

connected to those overland allowing for
rapid communication. Extensive trade in
raw materials from colonies & manufactured
goods from the UK. A shared head of state,
mostly Queen Victoria. Global military power

(in particular the Royal Navy).

Attempts at imposing a shared culture,
international cricket is one of the
clearest links back to imperial times.

4. There are several forms of

globalisation, all involving increasing
interdependence & interconnectedness.
What is economic globalisation?

5. There are several forms of

globalisation, all involving increasing
interdependence & interconnectedness.
What is cultural globalisation?

It includes the growth of TNCs, with a

global presence & brand image, the global
spread of FDI & growth in world trade.

It follows the growth of TNCs. Increasingly,

people eat similar fast-food e.g. McDonald's
& watch global news channels such as Sky.

6. There are several forms of

globalisation, all involving increasing
interdependence & interconnectedness.
What is political globalisation?

7. There are several forms of

globalisation, all involving increasing
interdependence & interconnectedness.
What is demographic globalisation?

It's the dominance of Western democracies

(G8 countries) in decision making and the
view that democratic, consumerist societies
are the 'model' to which others should aspire.

It results from increasing migration

and mixing of populations.

8. There are several forms of

globalisation, all involving increasing
interdependence & interconnectedness.
What is environmental globalisation?

9. State and explain four factors

that are encouraging globalisation.

It involves the realisation that global

environmental threats require global solutions.

Free trade - Removing trade tariffs &

quotas has promoted easier & faster trade.
Communications technology - Satellite & fibre
optic communications have led to growth of
mobile phone & internet communications,
& falling communication costs.

9. State and explain four factors that are

encouraging globalisation. [continued]

10. What opportunities has

globalisation presented for countries?

The media - Large global media corporations

have global reach & present a similar 'world
view' of the news, adding to the sense
of a connected world. Consumers - The
global consumer has contributed to soaring
demand for goods from across the world.

Great wealth has been created through

trade, China's exports rose from $200 bn
in 2000 to over $1 200 bn in 2009. FDI has
led to industrialisation, resource exploitation
& property development, this creates
jobs & wealth & a return for the investor.

10. What opportunities has globalisation

presented for countries? [continued]

11. What opportunities has

globalisation presented for individuals?

FDI into China increased from $4 bn in

1991 to $90 bn in 2009. Devloped world
economies are increasingly knowledge
driven, information rather than goods
is exchanged. Investment in education
is one way of increasing opportunities.

Individuals have benefited through

migration to economic hotspots
such as Dubai & Bangalore.

12. What are some

drawbacks to globalisation?

12. What are some drawbacks

to globalisation? [continued]

It has led to growing inequality, the rich

have grown richer & the poorest relatively
poorer. It is a process dominated by TNCs
& governments, & ordinary people may
feel like 'pawns' (e.g. lack of unions). It
encourages unsustainable economic growth,

excessive resource & energy use,

& so has negative environmental
consequences. It tends towards a
'Westernised' global culture where local
traditions, languages, food & art disappear.

13. Globalisation causes migration

but why do most migrants move?

14. How many legal

economic migrants are there?

They move for economic opportunity & the

movements may be il/legal. Since the gap
between the poorest & the wealthiest has
widened, it encourages migration for greater
opportunities. In 2008, migrant stock ~214 mn.

There are 145 mn (80 mn in 1970).

15. How many illegal migrants are there?

16. How many refugees and

internally displaced people are there?

There are 20-30 mn illegal

migrants (largely economic).

There are 15 mn refugees and 26

million internally displaced people.

17. Give some examples of illegal movements

of people towards economic hotspots, usually
from the developing to the developed world.

17. Give some examples of illegal

movements of people towards economic
hotspots, usually from the developing
to the developed world. [continued]

In the USA, there are major flows from Mexico,

including up to 10 mn illegal immigrants
across the land border. In the EU, there
includes up to 5 million illegal migrants
across the southern EU fringe of Spain,
Malta & Italy. The Middle East attracts

large numbers of migrants from South Asia

to work in construction & domestic service.

17. Give some examples of illegal

movements of people towards economic
hotspots, usually from the developing
to the developed world. [continued]
large numbers of migrants from South Asia
to work in construction & domestic service.