Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
4/5/09
15:44
Pgina 122
Caso Clnico
Recibido: 15.10.07
Aceptado: 28.01.09
CO 31-2
4/5/09
15:44
Pgina 123
I. Navarro y cols.
123
Introduccin
Introduction
CO 31-2
4/5/09
124
15:44
Pgina 124
Casos clnicos
Caso 1
Mujer de 24 aos con sndrome de Down, que presenta una
Clinical cases
fractura bilateral de cuerpo mandibular por traumatismo facial de
Case 1
etiologa desconocida. Se interviA 24-year-old woman with Downs
no en otro centro mediante la colosyndrome presented bilateral fraccacin de dos miniplacas en cada
ture of the mandibular body due to
lado (Fig. 1).
a facial injury of unknown etiology.
Se abord el foco del lado dereFigura 6. Chips y osteosntesis con una placa de reconstruccin
She was intervened in another cencho por va extraoral (reduccin de 2,4 mm.
y osteosntesis con placas de 2.5 Figure 6. Chips and osteosynthesis with a 2.4 mm reconstruction plate. ter to place two small plates on each
mandible (Fig. 1).
de reconstruccin y 2.0 tipo
The right fracture focus was
lock) y el foco izquierdo por va
approached extraorally (reduction and osteosynthesis with
intraoral con placas lock de 2.0 (Figs. 2 y 3). La paciente sali del
2.5 reconstruction plates and 2.0 locking plates) and the left
quirfano sin fijacin intermaxilar.
fracture focus was approached intraorally with 2.0 locking
Cinco meses despus present un nuevo fracaso de la osteosnplates (Figs. 2 and 3). The patient left the operating room
tesis dcha (Fig. 4). Se practic una nueva cervicotoma realizando una
CO 31-2
4/5/09
15:44
Pgina 125
I. Navarro y cols.
Discusin
125
Discussion
The old concept of treating
fractures by simple apposing
CO 31-2
4/5/09
126
15:44
Pgina 126
CO 31-2
4/5/09
15:44
Pgina 127
I. Navarro y cols.
Finalmente, la rehabilitacin precoz, facilitada por la correcta osteosntesis, evita la llamada enfermedad de
la fractura, consistente en una disminucin del rango de movilidad mandibular tras un traumatismo.9 La inmovilizacin mediante bloqueos intermaxilares es perjudicial para todos los elementos del sistema estomatogntico:
hueso, msculo y articulacin temporo-mandibular.10
127
of graft has primitive mesenchymal cells and endothelial stem cells that resist
ischemia well, stimulating neovascularization and primitive
osteoformation in the fracture
locus.8 Rigid fixation of the
graft ensures good vascularization and adequate compression to prevent bone
resorption.
Finally, early rehabilitation
facilitated
by
correct
Conclusiones
osteosynthesis prevents socalled "fracture disease,"
Para evitar fracasos en la osteos- Figura 13. Cuando se presenta ms de un foco de fractura es which consists of a reduction
nesis mandibular, es necesario cono- necesario aplicar una fijacin rgida en al menos un de ellos.
in the range of mandibular
Figure 13. When more than one fracture locus is present, rigid fixacer las caractersticas biomecnicas del tion has to be applied to at least one locus.
mobility after an injury.9
sistema.
Immobilization by maxilloLa mayor parte de las veces se promandibular fixation is harmduce un fracaso de la osteosntesis por
ful for all the elements of the
tratar situaciones en las que es necesario carga soportada con carga
mouth and jaw: bone, muscle, and the temporo-mandibucompartida o, lo que es lo mismo, por utilizar fijacin funcionallar joint.10
mente estable en vez de fijacin rgida.
La utilizacin de placas tipo lock (fijador interno-externo) aseConclusions
gura un menor dao tisular al compartir la placa y el hueso las fuerzas de carga.
In order to avoid mandibular osteosynthesis failures, it
En caso necesario, se deben utilizar injertos seos esponjosos
is necessary to understand the biomechanical characterisobtenidos de cresta ilaca del propio paciente.
tics of the system.
Osteosynthesis failure occurs most often in situations in
Bibliografa
which both load supporting and load sharing are required,
1. Moore Gf, Olson TS, Yonkers AJ. Complications of mandibular fractures: A retrosmeaning that functionally stable fixation is needed instead
pective review of 100 fractures in 56 patients. Nebr Med J 1985;70:120.
of rigid fixation.
2. Fonseca RJ, Walter RV, Betts NJ. Mandibular fractures. Oral Maxillofacial TrauThe use of locking plates (internal-external fixation) proma. 2nd ed, 1997.
duces less tissue damage because the loading forces are
3. Champy M. y cols. Mandibular osteosynthesis by miniature screwed bone plashared by the plate and bone.
tes via a buccal approach. J Maxillofacial Surgery 1978;6:14.
When needed, cancellous bone grafts harvested from
4. Ellis E. Treatment of mandibular fractures using the AO reconstruction plate. J
the patients own iliac crest should be used.
Oral Maxilofac Surg 1993;51:250.
5. Del Castillo JL, Demara G, Arias J. Principios Bsicos de Osteosntesis. Manual
de Traumatologa Facial. 2007.
6. Alpert B, Gutwald R, Schmelzeisen R. New innovation in craniomaxillofacial fixation: the 2.0 lock system. The Keio Journal of Medecine 2003;52:120-7.
7. Passeri LA, Ellis E, Sinn DP. Complications of nonrigid fixation of mandibular
angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;51:382.
8. Ochandiano S, Navarro Vila C. Bases biolgicas del injerto seo. Tratado de Ciruga Oral y Maxilofacial. 2004.
9. Cebrin y cols. Desarrollo de un simulador esttico para estudios biomecnicos fotoelsticos del sistema msculo-esqueltico masticatorio. Resmenes y actas de del
XVI Congreso Nacional de Ingeniera Mecnica. Len. Diciembre, 2004.
10. Ellis III E, Carlson DS. The effects of mandibular immobilization on the masticatory system. A review. Clin Plast Surg 1989;16:133-46.