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I.
INTRODUCTION
0
0
0
(1)
=
1
where vsd, vsq are the stator voltages, isd, isq, ird, irq are the stator
and rotor currents, Rsd, Rsq, Rrd, Rrq are the stator and rotor
resistances, Lsd, Lsq, Lrd, Lrq are the stator and rotor self inductances,
Lmd, Lmq are the mutual inductances, r is the rotor angular speed
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0
0
(2)
0
0
where, sd, sq, rd, rq are the stator and rotor flux-linkages.
The electromagnetic torque Te produced by the machine can be
written in terms of the stator and rotor currents as
=
(3)
(4)
60
(5)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3 0
0.5
IV.
1
2
3
2
0.5
1
2
3
2
0.5
(9)
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of the open loop control of two
phase induction motor for 4 leg VSI. Speed control is done using
V/F control method. Switching pulses for four leg VSI are generated
using modified 3D-SVPWM method. With the V/F profile of
induction motor we get the stationary voltages in d-q frame. The
same voltages are converted in to - frame and then into a-b-c
reference frame for prism and tetrahedron identification respectively.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(5)
0
0
From the first and the second rows in (5), the stator
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A. Prism Identification
The prism identification is very similar to the sector
identification for 2-D SVM. Based on the projections of the
reference vector on the - plane, v and v, six prisms in the 3-D
space can be identified and numbered as Prisms I through VI.
Within the selected prism, there are six non-zero switching state
vectors and two zero switching state vectors which are eliminated in
proposed technique. Fig. 4 shows the physical positions of the
switching state vectors in 0-- coordinate system.
Fig. 3: Two Phase 4 Leg VSI
B. Tetrahedron Identification
Once the prism information is obtained the next step is to
identify the tetrahedron in which the reference vector is present. To
do this each prism is further subdivided into four tetrahedrons - thus
leading to a total of 24 tetrahedrons. Each tetrahedron is formed by
three non-zero switching state vectors and two zero switching state
vectors. The line-to-neutral voltage polarities produced by each non
zero switching state vectors are indicated as + or - or 0. It is
important to notice that within each tetrahedron, all the non zero
switching state vectors produce non-conflicting line-to-neutral
voltages, and thus they are adjacent vectors. Table I shows how
these tetrahedrons could be identified based on the sign of required
phase voltages at the output of the inverter [4].
C. Duty cycle Calculation and Pulse Generation
The computation of the duty cycles is based on calculation of
geometric projection of the reference vector along the three non-zero
switching state vectors which form the edges of the given
tetrahedron at a given instant. For each tetrahedron we can find a
3x3 projection matrix: St. The reference vector in 0-- reference
frame at any given time is denoted by a 3x1 column matrix Sr. Then
at any given instant, the duty cycle matrix D can be computed from
the simple matrix equation:
D=
= St-1 * Sr
(10)
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TETRAHEDRON
P1_T1
P1_T2
P1_T3
P1_T4
P2_T1
P2_T2
P2_T3
P2_T4
P3_T1
P3_T2
P3_T3
P3_T4
P4_T1
P4_T2
P4_T3
P4_T4
P5_T1
P5_T2
P5_T3
P5_T4
P6_T1
P6_T2
P6_T3
P6_T4
ACTIVE
VECTORS
V8,V9,V13
V8,V12,V13
V1,V9,V13
V8,V12,V14
V4,V12,V13
V4,V5,V13
V1,V5,V13
V4,V12,V14
V4,V5,V7
V4,V6,V7
V1,V5,V7
V4,V6,V14
V2,V6,V7
V2,V3,V7
V1,V3,V7
V2,V6,V14
V2,V3,V11
V2,V10,V11
V1,V3,V11
V2,V10,V14
V8,V10,V11
V8,V9,V11
V1,V9,V11
V8,V10,V14
CONDITION
Vaf > 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf < 0,Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf > 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf < 0, Vbf < 0, Vcf < 0
Vaf > 0, Vbf > 0, Vcf > 0
0.8
d 1 +d 2 +d 3
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.052
0.054
0.056
0.058
0.06 0.062
Time (s)
0.064
0.066
0.068
Fig. 6: Plot of (d1+d2+d3) with Reference vector derived from balanced three phase
sinusoidal voltages
X1, X2, X3 and X4 are the four signals calculated from the duty
cycles d1, d2, and d3 as given in the following matrix equation.
Xt =
= 2 * At
(11)
X4 = 1
X1 = 0
(12)
(13)
Sf
X2
X3
0
1
X3
X2
0
1
X2
X3
0
1
X3
X2
0
1
X2
X3
0
1
X3
X2
0
1
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Using the proposed method the open loop speed control of 2-ph
induction motor is implemented in hardware and the experimental
results are presented in the following section. Add this sentence at
the end of this section.
phase currents as shown in 9(c). Fig. 9(f) and 9(g) shows the
electromagnetic torque and the rotor speed. It is seen that the
rotor speed settles to a steady state value of 1800 rpm in 0.4 s.
V.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Fig. 8: Two-phase voltage waveform of the auxiliary and the main winding.
vsd, vsq
(f)
(g)
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REFERENCES
[1] A. M. Hava, R. J. Kerkman, and T. A. Lipo, Carrier- Based PWM-VSI Over
modulation Strategies: Analysis, Comparison, and Design, IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 674-689, July 1998.
[2] F. Blaabjerg, F. Lungeanu, K. Skaug, and M. Tonnes, Two-Phase Induction Motor
Drives, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol. 10, pp. 24-32, July/August2004.
[3] E. Muljadi, Y. Zhao, T. H. Liu, and T. A. Lipo,Adjustable ac Capacitor for a
Single-Phase Induction Motor, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.29, no.
3, pp. 479-485, 1993.
[4] Zhang, R.; Prasad, V.H.; Boroyevich, D.; Lee, F.C., "Three-dimensional space
vector modulation for four-leg voltage-source converters", Power Electronics, IEEE
Transactions on, Volume 17, Issue 3, May 2002 Page(s):314- 326.
[5] C. M. Young, C. C. Liu, C. H. Liu. New Inverter- Driven Design and Control
Method for Two-Phase Induction Motor Drives, IEE Proceedings-Electric Power
Applications, volume 143, no. 6, pp. 458-466, (1996).
[6] M. B. de R. Correa C. B. Jacobina, A. M. N. Lima, E. R. C. da Silva. A Three-Leg
Voltage Source Inverter for Two-Phase AC Motor Drive Systems, IEEE Transaction
Power Electronics, volume 17, no. 4, pp. 517-523, (2002).
[8] V. Kinnares, Ch. Charumit. Modulating Functions of Space Vector PWM for
Three-Leg VSI-Fed Unbalanced Two-Phase Induction Motors, IEEE Transaction
Power Electronics, volume 24, no. 4, pp. 1135-1139, (2009).
[9] Do-Hyun. PWM Methods for Two-Phase Inverters, IEEE Industry Applications
Magazine, volume 13, pp. 50-61, (2007).
[10] Ch. Charumit, V. Kinnares, Carrier-Based Unbalanced Phase Voltage Space
Vector PWM Strategy for Asymmetrical Parameter Type Two-Phase Induction Motor
Drives, Electric Power System Research, volume 79, pp. 1127-1135, (2009).
Fig. 10: Measured waveforms of two-phase output voltages for 4 leg VSI
with proposed technique
VI.
CONCLUSION
In this paper the modified 3D-SVPWM method for two-phase fourleg VSI fed asymmetrical 2 I.M. is proposed. The control strategy
for two-phase operation has been developed to synthesize
unbalanced two-phase output voltage waveforms with open-loop
V/f control. The proposed SVPWM method can generate two phase
output voltages with independently adjustable magnitudes in two
output phases. The proposed PWM scheme allows the four-leg VSI
to feed sinusoidal output orthogonal voltages for asymmetrical 2
I.M. which is unbalanced two-phase load. The simulation and
experimental results confirm the feasibility of the developed control
scheme for the two-phase four-leg VSI drive system.
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