Politecnico di Milano-School of

Architecture and Society Master of

Science in Urban Planning and
Policy Design
Policy analysis
Prof. Dente Bruno

Bovisa goes GREEN

Energy and research park in the City

A.Manganelli, R.Marra, F.Martin, L.Mason, K.Matias, S.Nasiri, A.Nesterova, S.Okyere,
A.Sallou, A.Serbana

BOVISA
Malpensa
Fiera
Bovisa

Bovisa is an ex industrial area, in the outskirts

of the north-east region of the city. The development
started with chemistry firms which made it the main
hubs of the Italian industrial chemistry sector.
Today the area is on the axes which connect Milan
to the Malpensa airport with an interregional
railway system on which there is even the new

Milano Fiera
function.

and its surrounded by mixed urban

PROJECT AREA
TERZIARY SECTOR
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
GREEN AREAS
INDUSTRIAL AREA
CITY SERVICES AND NEIGHBORHOOD FACILITIES

CHRONOLOGY
Remediation
Law 1.0

Municipality
buys ex-

Gasometer
area

1988

1985
Idea of developing the
area as a scientific park
1987
Debate on the
development of the
University
1989
Faculty of Arch. moved
into dismissed
warehouses

Renewal
Accordo di
Programma
with private
partnership
Ishimoto
Master
plan

Projects
1995

Remediation
Law 2.1

Remediation problems

Accordo di
Programma
Municipality
Politecnico
AEM

PoliMi

1981

Bovisa
national
interest

Remediation
Law 2.0

1997 1998

1990
adoption of the variation of the PGT
called Bovisa Gasomentri Z14
1991
define the Piano Particolareggiato by
politecnico
1992
Politecnico became the owner of the
ex-warehouses
1994
Ceretti -Tanfani warehouses in via
Durando are rent to Politecnico
1996
Region takes part to the Accordo di
Programma

PoliMi
Master
Plan
2001

2002

2006

2007

Revision
of the PGT

OMA
Master
Plan
2008

2000
different projects realization and development of the ideas
and competition of cleaning the soil
2003
Politecnico decide to buy other areas in the proximity of
Bovisa
2005
Politecnico proposes a Masterplan technological park and
city of youth
2008
Oma masterplan by Euromilano

2012
2011
Change of
Government

LAND PROPERTIES and SOIL POLLUTION

PROBLEMS of the area

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION

Remediation

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political
ACTORS

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political
ACTORS
LAW

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political
ACTORS
LAW
POLICIES

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political
ACTORS
LAW
POLICIES

Economical

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political

Economical

ACTORS

FUNDS

LAW
POLICIES

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political

Economical

ACTORS

FUNDS

LAW

COSTS and BENEFITS

POLICIES

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political

Economical

ACTORS

FUNDS

LAW

COSTS and BENEFITS

POLICIES

REDEVELOPMENT / INTERVENTIONS

PROBLEMS OF GASOMETER AREA

CONTAMINATION
Remediation
Political

Economical

ACTORS

FUNDS

LAW

COSTS and BENEFITS

POLICIES

REDEVELOPMENT / INTERVENTIONS

STAGNATION

ACTORS ANALYSIS

LIST OF THE PAST ACTORS 2007

Actor

Politecnico di Milano

Type

Resources

Special Interest

Economic /
Cognitive / Legal

Goals

Role

Content related

Promoter
(Accordo di
Programma)

EuroMilano

Special Interest

Economic / Legal

Content related

Promoter
(Accordo di
progrmma 2007)

Municipality of Milan

Political / Bureaucratic
/ Special Interest

Political/Legal /
Economic

Content / Processrelated

Director (Accordo
di programma)

A2A / AEM

Special Interest

Economic /
Cognitive / Legal

Content related

Ally (Accordo di
programma)

Lombardia Region

Political / Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Content related

Ally (Accordo di
programma)

Provincia of Milan

Political / Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Content related

Ally

M.U.R.S.T.

Political / Special interest

Economic

Process related

Ally

Ministry of
Environment

Political / Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Content related

Gatekeeper 2001

Minor actors *

Special Interest

Content related

Ally

* ARPA, FNM, Istituto Mario Negri, Chamber of Commerce, Telelombradia, Triennale Bovisa, Banca Intesa

ACTORS NETWORK from 1997

ACCORDO DI PROGRAMMA

POLIMI

A2A / AEM

Regional

Ministery
of the
university
and of the
scientific and
technological
research
(MURST)

Provincial

Province of
Milan

Local

EuroMilano

National

DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

Lombardy
REGION

Banca Intesa

ACTORS NETWORK from 2007

ACCORDO DI PROGRAMMA
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

POLIMI

A2A / AEM

National

Ministery
of
Environment

Regional
DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

EuroMilano

Provincial
Local
Lombardy
REGION

Province of
Milan

LIST OF THE PROPOSED ACTORS

Actor

Interest

Resources

Goals

Role

A2A / AEM

Special Interest

Economic /
Cognitive / Legal

Content / Process
related

Promoter

Politecnico di
Milano

Special Interest

Economic /
Cognitive / Legal

Content related

Promoter / Ally

Content / Processrelated

Mediator /Director

Municipality of
Milano

Political/Bureaucratic Political/Legal /
/ Special Interest
Economic

Content / Process
related
Content / Process
related
Content / Processrelated

EuroMilano

Special Interest

Economic / Legal

Ally / Opposer

Zone n 9

Political

Political

Provincia di Milano

Political/Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Lombardia Region

Political/Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Content related

Gatekeeper

Ministry of
Environment

Political/Bureaucratic

Political/Legal

Content related

Gatekeeper

European Union

Political/Bureauratic

Content /Process
related

Ally

NGOs

General Interest

Political/Legal/Eco
nomic
Political/Cognitiv
e

Content related

Ally / Opposer

Local groups

General interest

Political

Content related

Ally / Opposer

Ally
Ally

PROPOSED ACTORS NETWORK

CONSORTIUM
E.U
I.E.A
International

POLIMI

DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

A2A / AEM

National

Ministery
of
Environment

Regional

Lombardy
Region

Provincial

Province of
Milan

Local

N.G.O

EuroMilano

Local
Associations
Zone n9

ACTORS NETWORK from 1997

ACCORDO DI PROGRAMMA

POLIMI

A2A / AEM

Regional

Ministery
of the
university
and of the
scientific and
technological
research
(MURST)

Provincial

Province of
Milan

Local

EuroMilano

National

DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

Lombardy
REGION

Banca Intesa

ACTORS NETWORK from 2007

ACCORDO DI PROGRAMMA
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

POLIMI

A2A / AEM

National

Ministery
of
Environment

Regional
DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

EuroMilano

Provincial
Local
Lombardy
REGION

Province of
Milan

PROJECT
CONSORTIUM
E.U
I.E.A
International

POLIMI

DIRECTOR
MUNICIPALITY
of Milan

A2A / AEM

National

Ministery
of
Environment

Regional

Lombardy
Region

Provincial

Province of
Milan

Local

N.G.O

EuroMilano

Local
Associations

STRATEGIES : from the idea to its implementation

MANIPULATION OF CONTENT OF THE DECISION : our proposal

Bovisa goes GREEN

Energy and research park in the City

HOW THE ENERGY PARK ADDRESSES THE SOIL REMEDIATION

Energy production
and management

Can co-exist with the soil pollution of the area

Heating and
cogeneration

It does not need to entirely remediate the area

where the solar park is located

Can be a temporary solution while awaiting reclamation

Environment: waste
collection and
treatment
Grids: electric grid,
integrated water cycle,
gas grids

Can generate additional funds for future reclamation

Can promote research on potential remediation

and renewable energy technologies

Research in the
engineering faculty
Need of new spaces
Lessons on field
Students involvement

MANIPULATION OF CONTENT OF THE DECISION : our proposal

Bovisa goes GREEN

Energy and research park in the City

Solar panels
16 hectares

Solar power
tower
2 hectares
Energy park
service area
1.3 hectares
Research
labs A2A
3.4 hectares
Research
labs POLIMI
5.4 hectares
Public open
space
3 hectares

Etc.

Energy
firms offices
1.4 hectares

MANIPULATION OF CONTENT OF THE DECISION : our proposal

Bovisa goes GREEN

Energy and research park in the City

Technical data
N. of panels: 41.540 (240wp each)
Total power: 10MW
Expected annual producation: 12.609
MWh
Space used: 16 hectars
Provides electricity to 3,300 homes
Environmental benefits
CO2 emissions avoided: 5,531,000 kg /
year
SO2 emissions avoided: 7,470 kg / year
NOx emissions avoided: 5,830 kg / year
TEP saved: 2,085 TEP / year
Economic data
Amount investement: 29,469,100
Amount
financed:

22,199,000
Equity:

7,270,000
Cavriglia Share capital 2,357,500
Duration of concession: 20 years
Reference: photovoltaic power plant of Cavriglia (Arezzo)

Completion time expected: 4 months

MANIPULATION OF PATTERNS OF INTERACTION : inclusive strategy

FIRST LEVEL OF INTERACTION:
Among the actors developing and managing the project:

Municipality of Milan

Soil reclamation
Innovative functions
Lowering remediation cost

Reinforce the
engagement
in sustainability

A2A
Enhance its
protagonism
on the area

Common points/goals:
Proactive interest to develop
the area

Need of land reclamation

Euromilano
Profitability:
high land value, land
development and
building rights

POLITECNICO
Promoting functions related
to technology and innovation

Be a relevant component of the

project

MANIPULATION OF PATTERNS OF INTERACTION : inclusive strategy

FIRST LEVEL OF INTERACTION:
Favouring COORDINATION among the consortium of actors through NEGOTIATION.

Scheme of the stakeholders mutual advantage through the consortium.

Actors

Reclamation

Positive outcomes

Further consequences

MUNICIPALITY

Cut costs for

reclamation

Innovation-oriented
development

City economy development

and new employment

POLITECNICO

Possibility to avoid
/minimize reclamation

Research-enterprise
collaboration

New fields of research

and closer academic+
business relation

A2A

Possibility to avoid
/minimize reclamation

Strengthen /develop
new activities in the
field of renewables

Increase visibility on
the marke
And potential
lowering of taxetion

EUROMILANO

Reclamation in
exchange of building
rights

Profitable uses
related to the new
functions

Reinforce its position

on the area

MANIPULATION OF PATTERNS OF INTERACTION : inclusive strategy

SECOND LEVEL OF INTERACTION:
Preventing LOCAL OPPOSITION through PUBLIC DEBATE.

Municipality of Milan
Circoscrizione n 9

Local neighbourhoods
organizations

DECENTRALIZATION AND
BOTTOM-UP / TOP-DOWN COMMUNICATION

Necessity to involve the social parties in the process from the beginning
Necessity to make local inhabitants feel part of the project
Necessity to set up a process/project with positive externalities towards local neighbourhoods.

Key institutional actor to activate in this process: CIRCOSCRIZIONE N 9

MANIPULATION OF RESOURCES: EU budget

Increasing resources : consensus and financial aid from EU level
European Union multi-year EU budget for 2014-20:
Among the priorities:
Infrastructure
Technology
Energy efficiency
Renewables

147.2 billion euros: total EU budget for

2012
71.39 billion euros: EU budget for
sustainable growth

SUSTAINABLE
GROWTH 48,5%

MANIPULATION OF RESOURCES: EU budget

The EU budget 2012 - The figures for sustainable growth

Heading
CA

Sustainable Growth
Financial Transparency System (FTS)

% of total
budget

Billion

67.5

% change from 2011

PA

55.3

CA

45.9

+4.7

PA

+3.2

CA = commitment appropriations
PA = payment appropriations

MANIPULATION OF RESOURCES: EU budget

European Union multi-year EU budget for ENERGY (Data for 2007-2013)
AMOUNT OF MONEY

TYPE OF SERVICE

FUNDING AGENCY

8.4bn

Loans and assistance

European Investment Bank

565m

Loans and assistance

European Economic Recovery Plan

110m

Co-funding analysis and policy

research in renewable energy

"Intelligent Energy Europe"

Programme

499m

Loans and assistance to projects and

demonstrations of renewable energy

EU Structural and Cohesion Funds

250m

Loans and assistance

EU R&D Framework Programme

151m

Venture capital or loan guarantees

EIP GIF

140m

SEI loans

European Bank for Reconstruction

and Development

Source_ COM(2010)110, 31.3.2010, "Cohesion policy: Strategic Report 2010 on the implementation of the
programmes 2007-2013". ;[25]

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/targets_en.htm

THE PROJECTS GOALS

GENERAL GOALS

include

GENERAL GOALS

interests

SPECIFIC GOALS

Try to
various
and
needs of the area, such as university and local
inhabitants
participation.

Research in sustainable

Regenerate an urban polluted

Relation between academic and

and central area with an advantageous

business environment in terms of research,

accessibility

and

proximity

with

Rho

Fiera.

Find a feasible and self financed solution through

the attempt to create a partnership

between private and public in order to

energy

consumption and generation, developing new

technologies.

employment, production of energy.

Reinforce economic

development

through innovation, as a benefit for the

solve financial difficulties.

entire city.

Overcome the delicate question of the

remediation of the soil.

Promote the Politecnicos key role in

revitalising the urban area as well as
catalyst for the new energy research

Develop a project able to exploit the new activities

which has been settled out in the last years in the
area.

Involve neighbourhood into the

innovation process, developing
sustainable community generation.

actions for a

CASE STUDY : Bristol and Bath Science Park

North East
of Bristol

ENERGY : 200m2 of photovoltaic panels provide renewable energy

59 acres

BIO DIVERSITY : More than 15% of the site is green space

Energy centre for a more efficient provision of energy, heat and cooling across the site
as it grows.

The courtyard area between the Forum, Innovation Centre and Grow-on space is
landscaped to provide a communal garden area for users of the site

COMMUNITY : Provides paths for walking, cycling and horse-riding

incorporated across the site linking in to local transport networks
By enjoying the amenity space and landscape the development provides, local

people have a sense of ownership, becomes a valued local resource.

Public

Private

Partners

South West Regional

Quantum Property

Development Agency,

a 50/50 joint
venture between Quintain Estates
& Development and Aviva
Investors; it was established in
2006 and has investments in
science parks in Bristol, Cambridge
and Edinburgh

University of Bath
University of Bristol
University of the West of
England
Science City of Bristol

started acuiering the site in 2002

Partnership

CASE STUDY : Bristol and Bath Science Park

MAIN GOALS

SUSTAINABILITY as a key element

high quality buildings surrounded by large, open and

attractive shared green areas in order

avoid isolation and exclusivity

to

the desire to encourage the local

community to make use of the common

areas so that the Park is lived in through the week

a hub for the regions science and technology focusing

especially on aerospace, microelectronics,

digital, green technologies and

design

INTERVIEWs

INTERVIEWS

Alessandra Spada
Secretary office of the deputy major of
Urban Planning of Milan

A2A Energie

Municipality interest, resources, goals

A2A interest and goals for the

development of the area

Prof. Alessandro Balducci, vice rector

of Milan Politecnico

Prof. Eugenio Morello, researcher on

energy and sustainable design

Politecnico interest and role in the

development of the area

Feasibility of the project

Energy consulting

Prof. Sabrina Saponaro

Professor of Soil remediation

Prof. Stefano Pareglio

Professor of

Consulting on past and future

remediation of the Bovisa Area

Feasibility of the project

Consulting on policy related to energy

Prof. Francesca Cognetti, researcher in

the field of Urban planning

Prof. Antonella Bruzzese

Professor of Urban Plannig

History of the area

Description of the previous agreement

History of the area and partecipatory

role in the Masterplan for the area