Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

client
client document number

Error: Reference source not found

KGP-1-6100-007-A1-4-O

project

Error: Reference source not found

client ref.
P.O. Box 716, PC 130 Athaibah
order number

Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

document number

Error: Reference source not found

revision

date

Error: Reference source not found

author

Error: Reference source not found

Muscat
Tebodin &ofPartner
Sultanate
Oman LLC, Oman
telephone +968 24496 077 X Error: Reference source not
found
telefax +968 24497 290
e-mail Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 2 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

KGP-1-6100-007-A1-4-O

Approved by Error: Reference source not found

rev. Date:

9th Nov. 2005

rev. Date

Name/Ref.ind.:
Error: Reference source not found

Signature:

Error: Reference source not found

Description

Initiated by

Checked by

Authorised

Copyright Tebodin 2005

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission of the publisher.
Pr: 30/04/16 18:13, WP ref:

/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/316399478.doc

/Error: Reference source

not found
Revision
O
Error: Reference source
page 3 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Table of contents

KGP-1-6100-007-A1-4-O

page

1
1.1
1.2

Introduction
Background
Location Sketch

5
5
5

Objective

Process Description

Basis

Methodology

Summary & Conclusion

References

Appendix- I : Phase Envelope & Hydrate formation Table for Kauther Gas
Appendix- II : Phase Envelope & Hydrate formation Table for Fakhr Gas

9
10

/
Revision O

page 4 of 10

KGP-1-6100-007-A1-4-O

ABBREVIATIONS
ADP
CGR
EPC
FGS
KGP
MMSCMD
NPV
PDO
RMS
SP
SR CPP
T&P
UTC

- Asset Development Plan

- Condensate to Gas Ratio
- Engineering Procurement Construction
- Field Gathering System
- Kauther Gas Plant
- Million Metric Standard Cubic Metre per Day
- Net Present Value
- Petroleum Development Oman
- Remote Manifold Station
- Standard Code of Practice
- Saih Rawl Central Processing Plant
- Tebodin & Partner LLC
- Unit Technical Cost

/Error: Reference source

not found
Revision
O
Error: Reference source
page 5 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

1
1.1

Error: Reference source not found

Introduction
Background
The 2003 ADP Base Case shows that an additional gas source is required to meet the demands of new
industries (methanol and ammonia plants) planned for the Sohar area. The Kauther Cluster reservoirs
have been selected (as the next biggest undeveloped reserves with the highest NPV and one of the
lowest UTCs) to meet this demand. Kauther cluster comprises the Kauther and Fakhr reservoirs. Due
to the higher CGR of Fakhr over Kauther, Fakhr will be produced preferentially with Kauther making up
the balance.
Government Gas is developing the Kauther field facilities to provide both condensate and gas for
export. KGP will be designed to process 20 MMSCMD (wet) gas. The Kauther development comprises
four elements: the Gas Plant, the gas and condensate export pipelines, the field gathering system and
power supply facilities.

1.2

Location Sketch

Objective
To check possibility for hydrate formation in the FGS using Hysys simulator and suggest preventive
action.

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 6 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

Process Description
The Kauther FGS will comprise of flow lines from 23 wells, 3 remote manifold stations and 3 bulk lines
from the RMS to the KGP inlet manifold. Out of the total 23 wells, 4 wells are part of the Fakhr field and
19 wells are part of the Kauther Field. Depending on their location in the field, the wells tie into one of
the three remote manifold stations, midway of the bulk lines or directly to the KGP inlet manifold. In
KGP, there will be two manifolds each having equal numbers of well tie-in. Double block and bleed
valve for each bulk line, test line and direct flow line on KGP manifold will be provided by KGP
contractor. A schematic of the Kauther FGS is given in Figure 1.
The facilities will be designed for a maximum plant capacity of 20 MMSCMD of wet gas. The test
headers will be designed to handle 1.5 MMSCMD.
The Kauther FGS and the flow lines will be adequately sized to meet the future depletion scenarios.
First stage depletion is expected in year 2010 when the operating pressure reduces to 50 bara and the
second stage depletion is expected in year 2012 when the operating pressure will reduce to 20 bara.
Figure 1 : Schematic of the Kauther Field Gathering System

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 7 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

Basis
Hysys models prepared for simulation study for 100 bara operation, 50 bara operation and 20 bara
operation were used to do hydrate formation study. The pressure and temperature at wellhead and at
KGP inlet were established based on the hydraulic calculation carried out in the Pipesim simulation.
Table-1

Cases

Operation

Wellhead Operating

year

Pressure
bara

2009

II

KGP manifold operating

Temperature
C

Pressure
bara

Temperature
o
C

101-106

120

100

114.7

2010

50-70

120

50

108.6

III

2012

20-50

120

20

96.5

I-A

2009

101-106

70
(Win. Gr. Temp.)

100

67

Flow line design temperature

Max./Min

: 130oC / 5oC

Ground Temperature

Summer

: 30oC

Winter

: 22oC

Following locations were reviewed for potential hydrate formation in the FGS during winter :
1) Point A : Downstream of the vent line at Wellhead / RMS.
2) Point B : Downstream of the relief valve at Wellhead.
3) Point C : Flow line/ Bulk line/ Test line blocked in pressurised condition.

Methodology
Case-I
In the Hysys model for year 2009-100 bara operation, the stream coming from the wellhead was
selected. This is the worst case from the hydrate formation point of view since hydrate formation
temperature decreases with the decrease in the operating pressure. By using utilities function in Hysys
a phase envelope (Refer Appendix-I & II) was generated showing pressure and temperature
relationship of the selected stream. Bubble point (Bpt), Dew point (Dewpt), Critical point (CritPt), and
Hydrate formation curve (Hyd) data is available from the phase envelope. It was found from the
envelope that hydrate formation could start below 19.5 oC for 100 bara operation. Refer Table-2.
Case-II :
The composition of the depletion case is considered same as 100 bara operation. Similar to case-I the
Hysys Model for year 2010 -50 bara operation found that hydrate formation could start below 15.1 oC at
working pressure. Refer Table-2.

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 8 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

Case-III :
Similar to case-II the Hysys Model for year 2012 -20 bara operation found that hydrate formation could
start below 8.7oC at working pressure. Refer Table-2.

Summary & Conclusion

The results of hydrate formation study are summarized as below.
Table 2

Case

Year

2009

II

2010

III

2012

Fluid

Operating
Condition
Pressure
bara

Temp.
degC

108

120

19.2

19.5

50

120

14.7

15.1

20

120

8.4

8.7

Natural
Gas
Natural
Gas
Natural
Gas

Hydrate Formation Temperature

at working pressure
Fakhr- Mix.
Kauther-Mix.
degC
degC

From the above results, hydrate formation in the FGS is not possible during the normal operation.
Following are the situations where the low temperatures could be seen in the FGS:
1) Start-up after winter shut down.
2) Depressurization in winter after a long shut down.
Hence, it should be ensured that during the plant shutdown in winter, the FGS should be depressurized
quickly without allowing it to reach the equilibrium with the low ambient temperatures otherwise there is
a possibility of hydrate formation in the downstream of depressurization valve.
However, provision for methanol injection has been made on each wellhead upstream of the choke
valve. Methanol will be injected as required by operational considerations.
It is recommended that a portable methanol injection pump (air driven) and tank be procured under the
EPC contract.

References
1)

Process Design Basis Report T & P Document No. 80166 3111001 (Latest Revision).

2)

Fluid Characterisation Report T & P Document No 80166- 3111002 (Latest Revision).

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 9 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

Appendix- I : Phase Envelope & Hydrate formation Table for Kauther Gas

Error: Reference source

not found/Error:Revision
Reference
O
Error: Reference source
page 10 of 10

Error: Reference source not found: Error: Reference source not found

Error: Reference source not found

Appendix- II : Phase Envelope & Hydrate formation Table for Fakhr Gas