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CHAPTER SIX
6. KANIS METHOD OR ROTATION CONTRIBUTION
METHOD OF FRAME ANALYSIS
This method may be considered as a further simplification of moment distribution method wherein
the problems involving sway were attempted in a tabular form thrice (for double story frames) and two
shear co-efficients had to be determined which when inserted in end moments gave us the final end
moments. All this effort can be cut short very considerably by using this method.
Frame analysis is carried out by solving the slope deflection equations by successive
approximations. Useful in case of side sway as well.
P1
P2
Mba
b
Elastic Curve
L
(1)
(2)
(3)
2EI a
= 2E k1 a
L
/
M ba = rotation contribution of for end B of member AB.
2 EI b
So
M/ba =
= 2Ek1 b
L
=
(5)
I1
L1
289
Now consider a generalized joint A in a frame where members AB, AC, AD.........meet. It carries a
moment M.
B
k1
k3
M
A
k2
k3
D
or
(6)
1
[(MFa + M (ba, ca, da)] (7)
2
a =
(8)
290
or
Mab =
on similar lines
and
1 k1
[ MFa + M (ba, ca, da)]
2 k
Mac =
M/ad =
1 k2
[ MFa + M (ba, ca, da)]
2 k
1 k3
[ MFa + M (ba, ca, da)]
2 k
1 k1 1 k2 1 k3
1 k1 + k2 + k3 + .........
=
2 k 2 k 2 k
2
k
1
, sum of rotation factors of different members meeting at a
2
joint is equal to
1
2
Therefore, if net fixed end moment at any joint along with sum of the far end contribution of
members meeting at that joint are known then near end moment contribution can be determined. If
far end contributions are approximate, near end contributions will also be approximate. When Far
end contributions are not known (as in the first cycle), they can be assumed to be zero.
6.1. RULES FOR CALCULATING ROTATION CONTRIBUTIONS :__ Case-1: Without sides way.
Definition: Restrained moment at a joint is the algebraic sum of FE.Ms of different members
meeting at that joint.
1.
Sum of the restrained moment of a joint and all rotation contributions of the far ends of
members meeting at that joint is multiplied by respective rotation factors to get the
required near end rotation contribution. For the first cycle when far end contributions
are not known, they may be taken as zero (Ist approximation).
2.
By repeated application of this calculation procedure and proceeding from joint to joint
in an arbitrary sequence but in a specific direction, all rotation contributions are known.
The process is usually stopped when end moment values converge. This normally happens after
three or four cycles. But values after 2nd cycle may also be acceptable for academic.
291
Linear displacement contributions will be calculated after the end of each cycle for the columns only.
FOR 2ND AND SUBSEQUENT CYCLES.
(E) Near end contributions of various =
members meeting at a joint.
292
6.4. Rules for the Calculation of final end moments (sidesway cases)
(F)
For beams, End moment = FEM + 2 near end contribution + Far end contributions.
(G)
For columns, End moment. = FEM + 2 near end contribution + Far end contribution +
linear displacement contribution of that column for the latest cycle.
36K
6k/ft
A
C
B
16
24
D
12
EI = constt.
Note.
Analysis assumes continuous ends with some fixity. Therefore, in case of extreme hinged
supports in exterior spans, modify (reduce) the stiffness by 3/4 = (0.75).for a hinged end.
I
L
Krel
AB
16
1
48
16
BC
24
1
24
CD
12
1
12
4 x (3/4)
K modified.
Mfab = +
wL2
3 162
= +
= + 64 K-ft.
12
12
Mfba = 64
Mfbc = +
6 242
= + 288
12
Mfcb = 288
Pa2b
+ 36 62 6
= + 54
2 =
L
122
Mfdc = 54
Mfcd = +
293
Step No.3. Draw Boxes, enter the values of FEMs near respective ends of exterior boxes and rotation
contribution factors appropriately (on the interior side).
restraining moment =
algebraic sum of FEM
meeting at that joint is extend
in inner box..
FEMs
A
-234
+54
-54
*
+83.64 -14.82
-0.3
+91.43 -18.71
+92.9 -19.45
-0.5( 3 )
3
*-0.5
-54
* = Distribution factors.
Joint B. 0.3 (+ 224+0 +55.76) = 83.92 Joint C: 0.2 ( 234 55.95 14.82) = 60.95
0.2 (+224+0 +55.76) = 55.85
0.3 ( 234 55.95 14.82) = 91.43
Joint D. 0.5 ( 54 + 91.43) = 18.715
3rd cycle: Singular to second cycle procedure. We stop usually after 3 cycles and the answers can be
further refined by having another couple of cycles. (Preferably go up to six cycles till difference in moment
value is 0.1 or less). The last line gives near and far end contribution.
Step No. 4.
For beams.
294
9K
1 k/ft
6
10
2I
2I
10
Step No. 1
3I
12
Relative Stiffness.
Span
I
L
Krel
K modified.
AB
16
3
240
16
45
45
BC
12
2
240
12
3
40
4
BD
10
2
240
10
48
48
103
Step No.2.
FEMs
Mfab =
9 6 102
= + 21.1 K-ft
162
Mfba =
9 10 62
= 12.65
162
Mfbc =
1 122
= + 12
12
Mfcb = 12
Mfbd = Mfdb = 0 ( No load within span BD)
Step No. 3.
295
+21.1
0*
+12
-12
-12.65
* -0.65
*
*
+0.079 +5.96
+0.119
-0.5
-0.183
-0.122
-0.647 +6.32
-0.97
-0.69
+6.345
-1.03
*
-0.195
* rot. cont.
factor.
+0.126
-1.03
-1.10
-12
FEM's
*
0
D
(rotation contribution factor)
Apply all relevant rules in three cycles. Final end moments may now be calculated.
End moment = FEM + 2 x near end contribution. + Far end contribution
For Columns : End moment = FEM + 2 x near end contribution + Far end contribution + Linear
displacement contribution of that column. To be taken in sway cases only.
Mab = 21.1 + 2x0 1.03 = + 20.07 Kft
Mba = 12.65 2 x 1.03 + 0 = 14.71
Mbc = +12 2 x 0.69 + 6.345 = 16.965
Mbd = 0 2x1.1 +0 = 2.2
Mcb = 12 + 2x 6.345 0.69 = 0
Mdb = 0 + 2x01.10 = 1.10
Equilibrium checks are satisfied. End moment values are OK. Now SFD and BMD can be drawn as usual.
Example No. 3: Analyse the following frame by rotation Contribution Method.
SOLUTION:It can be seen that sway case is there.
For beams.
16k
15
5
B
10
4I
D
A
20
296
Step No. 1.
Step No. 2.
Relative Stiffness.
Member.
AB
10
BC
20
CD
10
I
L
1
10
10
4
10
20
1
10
10
Krel
1
2
1
FEMs
+ 16 5 152
= + 45
202
2
16 5 15
MfCB =
= 15
202
All other fixing moments are zero.
Step No.3
Draw Boxes, enter FEMs and rotation Contribution factors etc. Apply three cycles.
MfBC =
+45
*
-0.167
+45
*
-0.333 -14.98
-18.93
-19.57
-7.51
-9.49
-9.80
LDC
-15
*
-0.333 -15
+9.98
+10.67
+10.47
*
-0.167
+5.0
+5.35
+5.25
0
LDC
+1.8825
+3.105
+3.41
-0.75
-3/2(1/2)=
-0.75
LDF
Linear disp.
factors
FEMs
* = rotation factors.
*
*
0 0
A
0 0
D
Rotation factor
Rotation factor
After 1st cycle: Linear Disp. Cont = 0.75 [ 0 + 5.0 7.5 + 0 + 0] = + 1.8825
For 2nd cycle onwards to calculate rotation contribution, apply following Rule:
Rotation contribution = rotation contribution factor [restrained moment + far end contributions +
linear displacement contribution of columns. of different. storeys meeting at that joint.]
297
2nd cycle.
Joint B.
and
Joint C.
and
A
C( Far ends)
(Span BA)
0.333 [ do ] = 18.93
(Span BC)
(Span CB)
0.167 [ do ] = + 5.35
(Span CD)
For columns.
298
Example No 4 : Solve the following double story frame carrying gravity and lateral loads by rotation
contribution method.
2 KN/m
C
D
(I)
2I
3m 2I
2I
2 KN/m
3 KN/m B
E
(I)
2I
2I
3m 2I
F
5m
I
SOLUTION :
If this is analyzed by slope-deflection or Moment distribution method, it becomes very lengthy and
laborious. This becomes easier if solved by rotation contribution method.
Step 1: F.E.Ms.
+ 3 32
Mfab =
= + 2.25 KNm
12
Mfba = 2.25 KNm
Mfbc = + 2.25 KNm
Mfcb = 2.25 KNm
2 52
= + 4.17 KNm
12
Mfdc = 4.17 KNm
Mfcd =
I
L
AB
2
15
3
10
BC
2
15
3
10
299
BE
1
15
5
CD
1
15
5
DF
2
15
3
10
EF
2
15
3
10
3 K
2 K
Where K is the stiffness of that column & K is the stiffness of columns of that storey. Assuming columns
of equal sizes in a story. ( EI same)
3
10
= 0.75
2 (10 + 10)
3
10
L.D.F2 =
= 0.75
2 (10 + 10)
L.D.F1 =
Storey Shear :
This is, in fact, reaction at the slab or beam level due to horizontal forces. If storey shear causes a
(ve) value of R, it will be (ve) & vice versa.
For determining storey shear the columns can be treated as simply supported vertical beams.
(1)
(2)
Storey shear = 9 KN ( For lower or ground story. At the slab level of ground story)
Storey shear = 4.5 ( For upper story ). At the slab level of upper story root)
300
ab =
1 k1
2 k
ac =
1 k2
etc.
2 k
Rotation Contributions:
The rule for calculating rotation contribution is as follows.
Sum the restrained moments of a point and all rotation contribution of the far ends of the members
meeting at a joint. Multiply this sum by respective rotation factors to get the required rotation
contribution. For the first cycle far end contribution can be taken as zero.
Span
Rotation factor.
AB
10
BC
10
BE
3
0.5 = 0.065
23
BA
10
10
0.5 = 0.217
23
CB
10
0.385
CD
0.115
DC
0.115
DE
10
0.385
ED
10
0.217
EB
0.065
EF
10
0.217
1 10
= 0.217
2 23
FE
10
0 (Being fixed end)
Now draw boxes, enter FEMs values, rotation factors etc. As it is a two storeyed frame, calculations on a
single A4 size paper may not be possible. A reduced page showing calculation is annexed.
Restraining
Moment
1.92
cd=
-0.115
cb = -0.385
R.C.=Rotation Contribution.
-0.39
-0.89
-1.74
-2.55
Linear Dis- -3.18
-3.65
placement
factor(L.D.F) -3.99
-4.23
-0.75
-6.50
-6.30
-6.00
-5.61
-5.05
-4.24
-2.46
-0.9
F.E.M.= +4.17
R.C.
-0.12
-0.25
-0.52
-0.76
-0.95
-1.09
-1.19
-1.26
301
-4.17=F.E.M.
R.C.
0.49
0.13
-0.11
-0.3
-0.45
-0.56
-0.64
-0.7
dc=
-0.115
-4.17
de=-0.385
R.C.
1.65
0.45
-0.35
-1.00
-1.50
-1.87
-2.14
-2.34
F.E.M. = 0
L.D.C.
2.7
6.71
9.87
12.25
14.00
15.30
16.21
16.21
-4.93
-4.69
-4.37
-3.88
-3.23
-2.33
-1.1
0.55
F.E.M. = +2.25
R.C.
L.D.F.
= -0.75
F.E.M. = 0
R.C.
R.C.
ed=-0.217
bc=-0.217
be
4.17
=-0.065
ba=-0.217
F.E.M. = -2.25
R.C.
-0.9
-2.96
-4.24
-5.05
L.D.F.=
-5.61
-0.75
-6.00
-6.30
-6.50
F.E.M. = 0
L.D.C.
7
9.8
11.68
12.96
13.87
14.53
14.99
15.00
F.E.M. = +4.17
R.C.
-0.27
-0.89
-1.27
-1.51
-1.68
-1.89
-1.95
-1.95
F.E.M. = -4.17
R.C.
0.16
-0.33
-0.70
-0.97
-1.16
-1.31
-1.41
-1.48
eb=
-0.065
-4.17
ef=-0.217
R.C.
0.55
-1.1
-2.33
3.23
-3.88
-4.37
-4.69
-4.93
F.E.M. = 0
L.D.C.
7
9.8
11.68
12.96
13.87
14.53
14.99
15.00
L.D.F.
= -0.75
F.E.M. = 0
F.E.M. = +2.25
Double storey frame carrying gravity and lateral loads Analysed by Rotation Contribution Method.
302
First Cycle
B =
R.F. ( 4.17 )
C =
D =
E =
B=
C=
D=
E=
B=
C=
D=
E=
303
4th Cycle :
Joint
B=
C=
D=
E=
B=
C=
D=
E=
(ground storey)
(First Floor)
304
305
END MOMENTS :
Mab = 2.25 + 2 0 6.5 + 15
+ 10.75 KNm
0.25
+ 1.23
1.21
+ 0.95+1
6.83
+ 6.60
+ 4.01
9.08 KNm
Mef = 0 2 4.93 + 15
+ 5.14
+ 10.07
Mfe =
0 2 0 4.93 + 15
Now frame is statically determinate and contains all end moments. It can be designed now.