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(01)
a)
living places
People moved to cities for employment.
Technological changes and industrial manufacturing. For an example Introducing the
stem engine by James Watt.
Human labour and energy were transferred to machines and industrial revolution for
an example excavation, production of goods, etc.
Transportation sector such as Railway, Shipping driven by stem engines.
Rapid growth of factories
b)
SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis is to improve productivity. SWOT is a distillation of all steps that
should be taken formulate an effective strategic plan
S Strength
W Weakness
O Opportunity
T Threats
All the strength of organization such as the resources should be utilized to the
optimum to products and services that are in demand
Organization should avoid investing into areas where the required resources are
weak
Threat affect the organization competitor.
Enterprises should look for new opportunities where the completion is less
c)
Leadership styles
Autocratic leadership
Participative leadership
Free rein or laissez leadership
Autocratic leadership
The authority leader gives order which must be obeyed by the subordinates. He
centralizes decision making power in himself. He takes decisions for the group
without consulting the group members and simply tells the group what members
have to do
Participative leadership
This style of leadership is also called consultative r democratic. A participative
leader is one who does everything after consulting the subordinates.
Limitations of participation:
Free rein or leissez faire leader uses his power very little if at all. Giving subordinates
a high degree of freedom in their operations. He depends largely on the group
members to establish their goals and the means of achieving them. his role in
maintaining contacts with the groups of external environment to bring the
information and inputs when the group needs.
d)
Function of a leadership
Initiating actionThe leader initiates various measurements that are necessary to put in to effect
objectives
Motivating employees
A good leader motivates the subordinates for better performance. Motivation is
02)
a)
Marketing mix
Marketing function operates within several factors. These factors known as marketing
variables could be categorized as
b)
Controllable variables
Uncontrollable variables
4ps
Product
Price
Promotion and
Place
Product:
to a consumer.
A product can have tangible (measurable) and intangible (non measurable)
three. Also goods are tangible, and services are difficult to measure.
Goods can be categorized into two main categories. Hey are consumer goods and
industrial goods.
Price:
Price is the most flexible variable in the marketing mix. It can be changed quickly
Place:
Place in the marketing mix means the marketing channels or channels of distribution,
the channels through which the goods pass from producer to consumer.
Selection of pricing methods are, Cost plus pricing method and break even analysis
method.
Promotion;
There are several aspects such as advertising, sales promotion etc.
c)
Types of competition
Pure competition
In pure competition market consists of many buyers and sellers trading openly. A
seller cannot change more than the market price because the buyer can obtain any
amount from the market at the normal rate.
Monopolistic competition
In a monopolistic competitive market there are many buyers and sellers who
transtact over a range of prices rather than a single price. Goods of different qualities
are available at different prices. Seller and the buyer has a good choice. Seller can
develop different offers for different segments of the market.
(03)
a)
(i) Organization
An organizing represents a group of people who works together for a achievement of
common objectives. Organization is the process of identifying and grouping the work
to
be
performed,
establishing
defining
and
delegating
responsibility
and
authority
and
effectively together
(ii) Organizational structure
Organizational structure can be defined broadly in mechanisms that serve the
coordinate and control activities of organized member
Basic elements of organizational structure
span of control.
Mechanisms of activity coordination
b)
(i)
(i)
(ii)
c)
expertice. The organization can facilitate both their utilization and their
organization as a whole.
Large organization having wide range of products or services
(04)
a) (i) Motivation referred to an organization
Motivation is the set of energetic forces originating both within the outside the
individual. That initiates behavior and determines its for, directing intensity and
duration. The definition indicates the motivation represents a set of forces that drives
people to behave in certain ways