STR652-Seismic Behavior of Steel Structures

Dynamic Analysis Report

Prepared by/Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Khalaf (PhD Student)

Presented to/Prof. Sherif Mourad

Program survey

1. Commercial programs.
Sap2000
SAP2000 has proven to be the most integrated, productive and practical
general purposestructuralprogram.Advancedanalyticaltechniques allow
for stepbystep large Eigen and Ritz analyses based on stiffness of
nonlinearcases.Nonlinearanalysescanbestaticand/ortimehistory,with
options for FNA nonlinear time history dynamic analysis and direct
integration.Two methods of Time History Analysis:
o

Modal Time History

Uses the method of mode superposition
Nonlinear
Direct Integration Time History
Solves equations for the entire structure at each time step
Linear
Nonlinear

Nonlinear directintegration timehistory analysis cases can be chained

together with other nonlinear timehistory or static cases, to address a
wide range of applications. Powerspectraldensity analysis is available to
determinetheprobabilisticresponseofastructureduetocyclic(harmonic,
sinusoidal) loading over a range of frequencies. This is useful for fatigue
studies,randomresponseduetoearthquakes,andotherapplications.

StaadPro
STAADProsUserInterfaceistheindustrystandard.Complexmodels
can be easily generated. A comprehensive and integrated finite
element analysis and design solution, including a stateoftheart
user interface, visualization tools, and international design codes.

Capableofanalyzinganystructureexposedtoadynamicresponse ,
soilstructureinteraction,orwind,earthquake,andmovingloads.
STAAD ProisthepremierFEManalysisanddesigntoolforanytype
of project including towers, culverts, plants, bridges, stadiums, and
marine structures .With an array of advanced analysis capabilities
including linear static ,response spectra, time history, cable, and
pushoverandnonlinearanalyses.
STAAD.Pro will eliminate the countless manhours required to
properly load structure by automating the forces caused by wind,
earthquakes,snow,orvehicle .

GT STRUDL
GT STRUDL performs both linear and nonlinear static analyses, and
lineardynamicanalysisofstructuresconsistingofanycombinationof
memberandfiniteelementtypeswiththesameordifferentnumber
ofdegreesoffreedompernode.CSeveraleigensolversareavailable
for the computation of structure frequencies and mode shapes
including the very fast Lanczos eigensolver. Response spectrum
dynamic analysis using modal superposition techniques for
earthquake loadings. Transient dynamic analysis procedures use
normal mode superposition techniques or use direct integration of
the equations of motion according to a variety of numerical
integration algorithms for the time history analysis of structures
subjectedtogeneraltimevariationloads.

2. Research programs.
DRAIN-2DX
DRAIN2DX is a general purpose computer program for static and
dynamicanalysisofplanestructures.Itperformsnonlinearstaticand
dynamic analyses, and for dynamic analysis considers ground
accelerations (all supports moving in phase), ground displacements
(supports may move out of phase), imposed dynamic loads (e.g.,
wind), and specified initial velocities (e.g., impulse loading). Static
anddynamicloadscanbeappliedinanysequence.Thestepbystep
integrationschemefordynamicanalysisvariesthetimestepduring
the analysis. Mode shapes and periods can be calculated for any
state. Linear response spectrum analyses can be performed for the
unstressedstate.

Opensees
Opensees(opensystemforearthquakeengineeringsimulation)isan
object oriented framework for simulation application in earthquake
engineering using finite element method. Opensees is under
development of PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research
Center)andUniversityofCalifornia.

The large library of materials, elements and analysis commands

makes Opensees a powerful tools for numerical simulation of
nonlinear structural and geotechnical systems. The Opensees
interface is based on a commanddriven scripting language (Tcl/Tk
language) which enables the user to define the problem geometry,
loading, formulation and solution. The Tcl language provides useful
programming tools such as variables manipulation, mathematical
expression evaluation and basic control structure statement (If,
while, for, for each). In addition, the user can create his own
material, element or analysis tools and incorporate them into
Opensees.NEES(NetworkforEarthquakeEngineeringSimulation)is
supportingintegrationofOpenseesasthesimulationcomponentof
laboratorytesting.

Program Implementation

SAP2000:CommercialProgram

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - X-Z Plane @ Y=0 - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 20:15:06

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Frame Span Loads (DEAD) (As Defined) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 20:16:01

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Frame Span Loads (Live) (As Defined) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 20:16:42

0.3

Acceleration [g]

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
0

10

15

20

Time[sec]

Loma Prieta, Emeryville Station Acceleration time history

Spectral Acceleration,Sd(T)

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
0

Time[sec]

ECP201 Design Response Spectrum

SAP2000

Plot Functions 5/14/13 19:35:16

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

-10.0

-20.0

-30.0

-40.0

-50.0
0.0

2.2

4.4

6.6

8.8

11.0

13.2

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Case:Time History - Tonf, m, C Units

Base Shear X: Base Shear X Vs TIME
Min is -4.732e+01 at 8.6200e+00 Max is 4.371e+01 at 7.8100e+00

15.4

17.6

19.8

22.0

SAP2000

Plot Functions 5/14/13 15:37:02

-3
x10
400.

320.

240.

160.

80.

0.

-80.

-160.

-240.

-320.

-400.
0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Case:Time History - Tonf, m, C Units

Top Displacement: Joint 4 Displacement UX Vs TIME
Min is -3.435e-01 at 9.4600e+00 Max is 3.771e-01 at 8.6300e+00

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Moment 3-3 Diagram (Time History) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 19:32:32

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Shear Force 2-2 Diagram (Time History) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 19:33:37

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Deformed Shape (Response Spectrum) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 20:21:51

SAP2000

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Moment 3-3 Diagram (Response Spectrum) - Tonf, m, C Units

5/14/13 20:17:32

SAP2000

5/14/13 19:38:00

SAP2000 v14.2.0 - File:Frame - Shear Force 2-2 Diagram (Response Spectrum) - Tonf, m, C Units

Opensees:ResearchProgram

LinearModel

Frame
#########################################################
# This file is created By Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Khalaf #
# using "OpenSees Platform"
#
#########################################################
# Units [kN,m]

model BasicBuilder -ndm 2 -ndf 3

geomTransf Linear 1
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

fix
fix
fix

0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10

0
4
8
12
0
4
8
12
0
4
8
12

1 1 1 1
5 1 1 1
9 1 1 1

# define MATERIAL properties ---------------------------------------set

fy 360e3
set

E 2e8

# Define ELEMENTS & SECTIONS

------------------------------------------------------------set HEA200 1;
# assign a tag number to the column section
tag
set HEA240 2
# Steel sections: HEA200
section Elastic $HEA200 $E 5.38e-3 3.69e-5
# Steel sections: HEA240
section Elastic $HEA240 $E 7.68e-3 7.763e-5
set np 5
element
element
element
element
element
element
element
element
element

nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
Page 1

2 $np $HEA200 1
3 $np $HEA200 1
4 $np $HEA200 1
6 $np $HEA240 1
7 $np $HEA240 1
8 $np $HEA240 1
10 $np $HEA200 1
11 $np $HEA200 1
12 $np $HEA200 1

Frame
geomTransf Linear 2
element
element
element
element
element
element

nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn

10
11
12
13
14
15

mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF

0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49
0.12
30.54
30.54
22.92
0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49

0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49
0.12
30.54
30.54
22.92
0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
2
3
3
4
4

6
10
7
11
8
12

1
1
1
1
1
1

2
3
4
6
7
8

6
7
8
10
11
12

$np
$np
$np
$np
$np
$np

$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240

2
2
2
2
2
2

puts [eigen 2]
rayleigh .255 0 0 0.00722
set accelSeries1 "Path -filePath Loma.txt -dt 0.01 -factor 9.81"
pattern UniformExcitation
1 1 -accel $accelSeries1
pattern Plain 2 "Constant" {
eleLoad -ele 10 11
12

13

14

}
pattern
load
load
load
load
load
load
load
load
load

Plain 3 "Constant" {
2
0
-138
3
0
-138
4
0
-138
6
0
-322
7
0
-322
8
0
-322
10
0
-138
11
0
-138
12
0
-138

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

}
Page 2

15 -type

-beamUniform -60

Frame

test NormDispIncr 1e-4 15 3

integrator Newmark 0.5 0.25
constraints Transformation
algorithm Newton
numberer Plain
system ProfileSPD
analysis Transient

recorder
recorder
recorder
recorder

Node
Node
Node
Node

-file
-file
-file
-file

reactionx.xls -node 1 5 9 -dof 1

reactiony.xls -node 1 5 9 -dof 2
reactionm.xls -node 1 5 9 -dof 3
TOP.xls
-time -node 4 -dof 1 disp

recorder display DispShape 0 0 600 600 -wipe

prp 10 80 30
vup 0 1 0; # dirn defining up direction of view plane
vpn 0 0 1
projection 0
display 1 0 5

analyze 2400 .01

puts [eigen 2]

Page 3

reaction
reaction
reaction

Opensees Linear analysis

400

max= 463 kN
min= -496 kN

Shear[kN]

200

-200

-400
0

10

15

20

25

Time[sec]

Base shear for 3 story Frame (Loma Prieta earthquake)

max= 3.60E-01 m
min= -3.44E-01 m

Top displacement [m]

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4
0

10

15

20

25

Time[sec]

Top displacement for 3 story Frame (Loma Prieta earthquake)

Opensees:ResearchProgram

NonlinearModel

Frame
#########################################################
# This file is created By Ahmed Hamed Ahmed Khalaf #
# using "OpenSees Platform"
#
#########################################################
# Units [kN,m]
proc Wsection { secID matID d bf tf tw nfdw nftw nfbf nftf} {
# ###################################################################
# Wsection $secID $matID $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf
# ###################################################################
# create a standard W section given the nominal section properties
# written: Remo M. de Souza
# date: 06/99
# modified: 08/99 (according to the new general modelbuilder)
# input parameters
# secID - section ID number
# matID - material ID number
# d = nominal depth
# tw = web thickness
# bf = flange width
# tf = flange thickness
# nfdw = number of fibers along web depth
# nftw = number of fibers along web thickness
# nfbf = number of fibers along flange width
# nftf = number of fibers along flange thickness
set
set
set
set
set

dw
y1
y2
y3
y4

[expr $d - 2 * $tf]
[expr -$d/2]
[expr -$dw/2]
[expr $dw/2]
[expr $d/2]

set
set
set
set

z1
z2
z3
z4

[expr -$bf/2]
[expr -$tw/2]
[expr $tw/2]
[expr $bf/2]

section fiberSec
#
yL

$secID

{
nfIJ

nfJK

yI

zI

yJ

zJ

yK

zK

zL
patch quadr

$matID

$nfbf $nftf

$y1 $z4

$y1 $z1

$y2 $z1

patch quadr

$matID

$nftw $nfdw

$y2 $z3

$y2 $z2

$y3 $z2

patch quadr

$matID

$nfbf $nftf

$y3 $z4

$y3 $z1

$y4 $z1

$y2 $z4
$y3 $z3
$y4 $z4
}
}
model BasicBuilder -ndm 2 -ndf 3
geomTransf Linear 1
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node
node

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10

0
4
8
12
0
4
8
12
0
4
8
12
Page 1

Frame
fix
fix
fix

1 1 1 1
5 1 1 1
9 1 1 1

# define MATERIAL properties ---------------------------------------set

fy 360e3
set

E 2e8

uniaxialMaterial Steel01

$fy $E 0.0001

# Define ELEMENTS & SECTIONS

------------------------------------------------------------set HEA200 1;
# assign a tag number to the column
section tag
set HEA240 2
# Steel sections:
set d 0.19 ;
#
set bf 0.2 ;
#
set tf 0.01;
#
set tw 0.0066 ; #
set nfdw 16;
set nftw 2;
set nfbf 16;
set nftf 4;
Wsection $HEA200

HEA200
depth
flange width
flange thickness
web thickness
# number of fibers along dw
# number of fibers along tw
# number of fibers along bf
# number of fibers along tf
1 $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf

# Steel sections:
set d 0.23 ;
#
set bf 0.24 ;
#
set tf 0.012;
#
set tw 0.0075 ; #
set nfdw 16;
set nftw 2;
set nfbf 16;
set nftf 4;
Wsection $HEA240

HEA240
depth
flange width
flange thickness
web thickness
# number of fibers along dw
# number of fibers along tw
# number of fibers along bf
# number of fibers along tf
1 $d $bf $tf $tw $nfdw $nftw $nfbf $nftf

set np 5
element
element
element
element
element
element
element
element
element

nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11

2 $np $HEA200 1
3 $np $HEA200 1
4 $np $HEA200 1
6 $np $HEA240 1
7 $np $HEA240 1
8 $np $HEA240 1
10 $np $HEA200 1
11 $np $HEA200 1
12 $np $HEA200 1

geomTransf Linear 2
element
element
element
element
element
element

nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn
nonlinearBeamColumn

10
11
12
13
14
15

2
3
4
6
7
8

Page 2

6
7
8
10
11
12

$np
$np
$np
$np
$np
$np

$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240
$HEA240

2
2
2
2
2
2

Frame
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass
mass

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF
equalDOF

0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49
0.12
30.54
30.54
22.92
0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49

0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49
0.12
30.54
30.54
22.92
0.08446
15.32
15.32
11.49

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
2
3
3
4
4

6
10
7
11
8
12

1
1
1
1
1
1

puts [eigen 2]
rayleigh .255 0 0 0.00722
set accelSeries1 "Path -filePath Loma.txt -dt 0.01 -factor 9.81"
pattern UniformExcitation
1 1 -accel $accelSeries1
pattern Plain 2 "Constant" {
eleLoad -ele 10 11
12

13

14

15 -type

-beamUniform -60

}
pattern
load
load
load
load
load
load
load
load
load

Plain 3 "Constant" {
2
0
-138
3
0
-138
4
0
-138
6
0
-322
7
0
-322
8
0
-322
10
0
-138
11
0
-138
12
0
-138

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

test NormDispIncr 1e-4 15 3

integrator Newmark 0.5 0.25
constraints Transformation
algorithm Newton
numberer Plain
system ProfileSPD
analysis Transient

recorder Node -file reactionx.xls

recorder Node -file reactiony.xls
recorder Node -file reactionm.xls

-node 1
-node 1
-node 1
Page

5 9
5 9
5 9
3

-dof 1
-dof 2
-dof 3

reaction
reaction
reaction

recorder Node -file TOP.xls

Frame
-time -node 4 -dof 1 disp

recorder display DispShape 0 0 600 600 -wipe

prp 10 80 30
vup 0 1 0; # dirn defining up direction of view plane
vpn 0 0 1
projection 0
display 1 0 5

analyze 2400 .01

puts [eigen 2]

Page 4

Opensees Nonlinear analysis

R=496/129.5=3.85

400

max= 129.5 kN
min= -127.8 kN

Shear[kN]

200

-200

-400
0

10

15

20

25

Time[sec]

Base shear for 3 story Frame (Loma Prieta earthquake)

max= 1.16E-01 m
min= -1.90E-01 m

Top displacement [m]

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4
0

10

15

20

25

Time[sec]

Top displacement for 3 story Frame (Loma Prieta earthquake)