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LAB MANUAL
INSTRUMENTATION LAB
(2014-2015)
Document No:
DATE OF
ISSUE:
COMPLIED BY:
AUTHORISED
Mr.
BY
Vamshikrishna.Ch
MECH (HOD)
MLRITM/ME/LAB/MANUAL/ICS
VERIFIED BY:
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE GAUGES
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15
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30
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43
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the pressure cell to the pressure indicator given cable.
2. Connect the instrument to mains i.e. 230V. Power supply and switch on the
instrument.
3. Adjust the zero pot of the indicator to indicate zero.
4. Close the release valve of pressure gauge tester and apply the 5/10kg dead
weight on flange.
5. Slowly rotate the screw road in clockwise direction with the help of handle until
flange lift up (so that pressure is developed up to applied load). Now observed
2
TABLUR COLUMN:
Sl. No
Pressure in Pressure
in Correction
Dial gauge, Digital
Pc P g
Pc kg / cm2 indicator, Pg
kg / cm2
SPECIFICATIONS:
Capacity: 10 Kg / cm2
Type: Strain gauge type
Sensing element: Resistances strain gauges
Overload: 10% rated capacity
Excitation: 12V D.C
Resistance in Ohms: 350 Ohms typical
Operating temperature: 10o C to 50o C
Error
P g Pc
% Error
(Pg Pc)/ Pg
*100
ADVANTAGES
High accuracy
Low drift
Wide operating range
Suitable for precision applications.
PANAL DETALIS:
POWER ON: Rocker switch which switches on the supply of the instrument, with red
light indication.
MIN: Single turn potentiometer. The display can be adjusted to read minimum
temperature, when no voltage output from the sensor is measured.
MAX: Single turn potentiometer. The output of the amplifier is adjusted by this pot
such that the display reads same as in the given reference temperature. i.e.
Thermometer temperature reading.
SELECTOR: Two-position selector switches to select thermistor or RTD sensor.
TERMINALS: Screw type terminals are provided to connect the given Thermister &
RTD sensor.
MAINS SUPPLY: Power cable. Power cable to be connected to the mains supply of
230V, 50Hz.
FUSE: 500 mA cartridge fuse with holder located on the rear side of the instrument to
protect the instrument from internal electrical shorting.
CAUTION: Do not remove the fuse cap with power cable plugged to the mains
supply.
PROCEDURE:
1. Turn the selector switch to the desire position according to the given sensor
probe (Thermister / RTD).
2. Connect the given sensor to the temperature display unit.
3. Place the sensor probe and the thermometer into a beaker containing water at
room temperature.
5
GRAPHS:
Draw the following graphs:
Tm v/s Ta
Correction v/s Tm
% Error v/s Tm
Error
T m - Ta
% Error
(Tm - Ta) /
Tm
PANEL DETALIS:
POWER ON: Rocker switch which switches on the supply of the instrument, with red
light indication.
MIN: Single turn potentiometer. The display can be adjusted to read minimum
temperature, when no voltage output from the sensor is measured.
MAX: Single turn potentiometer. The output of the amplifier is adjusted by this pot
such that the display reads same as in the given reference temperature. i.e.
Thermometer temperature reading.
SELECTOR: Two-position selector switches to select thermistor or RTD sensor.
TERMINALS: Screw type terminals are provided to connect the given Thermister &
RTD sensor.
MAINS SUPPLY: Power cable. Power cable to be connected to the mains supply of
230V, 50Hz
FUSE: 500 mA cartridge fuse with holder located on the rear side of the instrument to
protect the instrument from internal electrical shorting.
CAUTION: Do not remove the fuse cap with power cable plugged to the mains
supply.
PROCEDURE:
1. Turn the selector switch to the desire position according to the given sensor
probe (Thermister / RTD).
2. Connect the given sensor to the temperature display unit.
3. Place the sensor probe and the thermometer into a beaker containing water at
room temperature.
4. Connect the power supply to the temperature indicator.
5. Record the room temperature from the thermometer.
9
Error
T m - Ta
% Error
(Tm - Ta) /
Tm
Error
T m - Ta
% Error
(Tm - Ta) /
Tm
GRAPHS:
Draw the following graphs:
Tm v/s Ta
Correction v/s Tm
% Error v/s Tm
10
10
111
1
SETUP:
Setup comprises of thermometer as a reference and three types of Thermocouples as
mentioned above, to be calibrated. The entire sensor can be placed in a hot bath where
the water can be heated up to boiling temperature through heating coil. Heater of
capacity 500 watts is provided which will be connected to the 230V, 50Hz. power
supply through three-pin mains cord.
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13
Error
T m - Ta
% Error
(Tm - Ta) / Tm
GRAPHS:
Draw the following graphs:
1. Tm Vs Ta
2. Correction Vs Tm
3. % Error Vs Tm
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14
Specifications
Vibration exciter
1. Peak Sine force
2. Peak velocity at resonance
3. Maximum displacement
4. Power required
5. Weight
:
:
:
:
:
100 Newtons
1 m/sec. 100m/sec
8mm peak to peak
200vA
30kg (normal).
Power amplifier
1. Maximum output voltage
2. Frequency response
3. Harmonic distortion
:
:
:
20 V peak to peak
1Hz to within 1KHz
less than 1%
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15
:
:
:
Oscillator
1. Output
2. Frequency range
3. Total Harmonic distortion
4. Frequency indication
5. Indication accuracy
6. Frequency response
:
:
:
:
:
:
Sinusoidal.
1Hz to 1KHz in 3 decade ranges
less than 1%
on a Analog panel meter
2% of the range
within 1dB
General
1. Operating temperature
2. Power supply requirement
3. Power consumption
:
:
:
+ 10oC to 45oC
230V, 10% 50Hz single phase
300VA (normal)
:
:
:
:
:
:
10 mm max
100mm/sec max
1g max
one part in 100 or better
2% of full scale
10Hz 2000Hz within 1dB while measuring
:
:
:
:
:
:
Vibration analyzer
Measuring functions and range:
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Resolution
Linearity
Frequency response
velocity
D.C. output
Working temperature
Input A.C. mains
Size
Weight
Number
Description
Vibration exciter is an electro dynamic type of device. It consists of a powerful magnet
placed centrally surrounding which is suspended the exciter coil. This assembly is enclosed by
high permeability magnetic circuit for optimum performance and enough design care has been
observed to minimize the leakage magnetic flux at the top of the vibration table.
161
6
:
:
:
Racher switch
Red light glows.
instrument is switched OFF
2. SELECTOR SWITCH
:
:
:
Position DISPLACEMENT
Position VELOCITY
Position ACCELERATION
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17
3. SENSOR
:
Vibration sensor is plugged to this socket. A 3pin
socket is to interconnect the vibration pickup and vibration analyzer
4. ANALOG METER
:
It is to measure the output of vibration
parameters
5. FUSE
:
500mA 250V slow blow fuse in the rear panel of
the instrument
Operation:
MOUTING VIBRATION SENSOR
Whenever accurate measurement or continuous monitoring is required, the vibration
sensor should be mounted such that the axis of the sensor is perpendicular to the direction of
vibrating surface.
Whenever fast measurements and vibrations on remote points are required the sensor
can be used with extension probe and should be held gently perpendicular to the direction of
vibrating surface.
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OPERATING PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Connect the generator cable to power amplifier output connectors (i.e.., red & green).
Fix the vibration pickup (i.e., piezo electric sensor) on vibrator generator shaft.
Keep the amplitude pot at minimum position.
Connect the 3 pin power cable, i.e., both power amplifier & vibration analyzer to 230V
/ 50Hz AC mains.
5. Connect the vibration pickup cable (red) to vibration analyzer.
6. Switch on the power on switch of both.
7. Slowly rotate the amplitude pot in clockwise direction. So the both analog meter will
start show the readings.
8. First select the frequency selector switch to 100 range so that generator will start
vibrating depending upon frequency and amplitude.
9. Keep amplitude constant & select the frequency from 50Hz then observe the reading of
vibration parameter in vibration analyzer display (analog).
10. Observe different reading for different frequencies.
11. Before switch off the power amplifier, please keep the amplitude pot at minimum
position.
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19
CONTENTS
SUPPLY VERIFICATION AND VISUAL INSPECTION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SPECIFICATION
3. ACCELEROMETER MOUNTING
4. SYMPTOMS AND FAULTS
5. REPLACEABLE SPARES
DRAWINGS
TEST REPORT
LOG SHEET
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ACCELEROMETER MOUNTING
Three methods may be used in utilizing the accelerometer to sense vibration.
1. DIRECT MOUNTING
A proper mounting of the accelerometer to the test structure is of almost importance
when measurements are taken, especially at higher frequencies. The best technique is
to screw the accelerometer tightly with a stud on to the metal surface, which is
machined smooth. If the mounting surface is not quite smooth a thin layer of silicon
grease should be applied to the surface before screwing down the accelerometer. It is
essential whenever using a mounting screw, not to screw it fully in to the
accelerometer as it may introduce base bending affecting the sensitivity of the
acceleration. The mounting torque for the M-5*0.8 threaded screws (supplied with
PG114 & PG109 accelerometer) should be about 18kg cm. a mounting torque of the
correct value is applied with a 10 cm spanner with normal pressure on the handle.
POSSIBLE FAULTS
A) 10-32 UNF Microdot
B) Improper cable connection
C) Bad
5. REPLACEABLE SPARES
Low Noise cable
B & K connector for cable
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22
connector
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24
LOG SHEET
Sl.no
REMARKS
25
25
OPERATION:
1. Connect the indicator to 230V AC main and motor to variac.
2. Arrange the sensor (magnetic & photo) suitable so that it is mounted properly to
sense the pulses.
3. Connect the sensor to instrument.
4. Switch ON the instrument and note the reading in display in no velocity mode
the display has to be zero.
5. Vary the speed of motor by variac and note the reading in digital display.
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TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl. No
Magnetic Sensor
Photo Pickup
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27
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl. no
The displacement
protractor reading
Deviation
GRAPH: Plot a graph using the true displacement on X axis & measured displacement
on Y axis.
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35
Load
Applied
W (N)
W
N
Strain
Indicator
Reading
micro
strain
Measured
Bending
Strain
stress.
-6
m=*10 / 4 = 6wl / bh2
Modulus of
elasticity.
E = / m
(N/nm2)
36
36
Load
Applied
W (N)
W
N
Strain
Indicator
Reading
micro
strain
Measured
Bending
Strain
stress.
-6
m=*10 / 2 = 6wl / bh2
Modulus of
elasticity.
E = / m
(N/nm2)
37
37
Load
Applied
W (N)
W
N
Strain
Indicator
Reading
micro
strain
Measured
Bending
Strain
stress.
-6
m=*10 / 1 = 6wl / bh2
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38
Modulus of
elasticity.
E = / m
(N/nm2)
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40
40
TABLUR COLUMN:
Display for +ve side: (clockwise rotation)
Sl. no
Actual Reading,
Measured
Ra mm
Reading, Rm
mm
41
41
Error
E
% Error
Error
E
% Error
42
42
43
43
Vacuum in
Dial gauge
in.Hg
Vacuum in
Digital
Indicator,
in.Hg
45
45
Correction
Error
% Error
*100