Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Method Type:
Seismic Techniques
Assigned Problems:
+
Building stability
Buildings and Structures
+
Dam monitoring
Civil Engineering
+
Depth of Overburden-bedrock interface
Civil Engineering
+
Host sediments, hydogeological settings
Hazardous Waste
+
Quantity/ Thickness
Hazardous Waste
+
Soil / rock quality
Civil Engineering
+
Young's / shear modulus, Poisson's ratio
Civil Engineering
0
Cavity detection
Civil Engineering
0
Characteristics of hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste
0
Fractures
Groundwater
0
Groundwater table
Groundwater
0
Ice thickness
Natural Hazards
0
Landslides
Natural Hazards
0
Porosity / Permeability
Groundwater
0
Quality / Thickness of aquifer/aquitard
Groundwater
0
Quality and thickness (Natural resources)
Natural Resources
'+' = Technique applicable; '0' = Application possible/limited use.
Principle:
Seismic surface waves are investigated to estimate subsurface (shear-wave) velocity-depth
models.
Keywords:
Seismic Techniques; Seismic surface waves methods; Spectral analysis of surface
waves(SASW); Rayleigh wave methods; Seismic depth sections; Subsurface (shear-wave)
velocity-depth models
Prerequisites:
- The surveyed area should be larger than the area of interest.
- Moderate topography
- Accurate surveying of geometry and topography are required.
- Complex subsurface geology may lead to misinterpretation in 2-D profiles.
- Area with rough surface topograhpy should be avoided because of difficult static corrections.
- Subsurface consists of several layers, each with approximately constant seismic velocity.
- Layers must have sufficient velocity contrast and thickness.
- Target must be characterized by a seismic impedance contrast.
- Significant absorption of seismic energy in shallowest subsurface layers (e.g., unconsolidated
moraines) may limit utility of survey.
- Subsurface must consist of quasi-horizontal layers with different seismic velocities.
- Source and receiver coupling is critical, such that data quality is site-dependent and should be
checked in tests prior to main survey.
- Ambient seismic noise (e.g., traffic, rain, wind) may reduce data quality significantly.
- Vertical fractures may be difficult to detect.
- Safety is an issue when explosives are used.
Resolution:
page 1
Lateral resolution is approximately equal to the surface-wave wavelength. As the surface wave
wavelength decreases with increasing depth, lateral resolution decreases with increasing depth.
Penetration in depth of surface waves is wavelength dependent and equals approximately 0.4
times the wavelength
Expected Results:
- Measured parameter: Velocity of ground motion (as determined by the voltage generated by the
calibrated geophone recording system).
- Data analysis: Inversion of dispersion curves yields a velocity-depth function.
- Interpretation: Seismic interpretation assumes that the resolved reflectors represent true
lithological interfaces. Additional geological or geophysical surface data may be required for
reliable interpretation.
page 2
- Optional: Test measurements (i.e., ""walk-away"" tests, source tests, geometry test of array).
- Optional: Modelling of the detectability of an anomaly with the employed source-receiver
geometry.
page 3