MAP 2302

Differential Equations
Exam 1A

Sanchez

Name: ______________________________________________
1. Solve the differential equation
Hint: 2x-8xy=2x(1-4y)
Solution:

x 2 4dy (2x 8xy)dx

x 2 4dy (2x 8xy)dx x 2 4dy 2x(1 4y )dx 1 dy4y x22xdx

4

1
ln(1 4y ) ln( x 2 4) c 4 ln( x 2 4) ln(1 4y ) C
4

ln( x 2 4) 4 (1 4y ) C ( x 2 4) 4 (1 4y ) e C ( x 2 4) 4 (1 4y ) k
k
k
1
k
(1 4y )
4 y 1
y
2
4
2
4
2
4
( x 4)
( x 4)
4( x 4) 4
1
k
Answer: y 4
4( x 2 4) 4

2. Solve the Bernoullis equation xy

xy

dy
y 2 2x
dx

dy
dy 1
y 2 2x
y 2y 1 Bernoulli' s
dx
dx x

Let v y1 n y 1 1 y 2 and dv 2ydy

2y

dy
dy
1
1
2 y y 2y 1 2 y 2y
2 y2 4
dx
x
dx
x
2

2
dx
dv 2

u 4 v( x ) e x
e 2 ln x e ln x x 2 in an integrating factor
dx x

dv 2
dv
2
dv

u 4 x2
x 2 u 4x 2 x 2
2xu 4x 2 x 2 u 4x 2
dx x
dx
x
dx

x 2u

4 3
4x
4x
4x 3
x cu
cx 2 y 2
cx 2 x 2 y 2
c
3
3
3
3

Answer : 4x 3 3x 2 y 2 C 0

3. Test for exactness and solve the following differential equation

( 2x 3 xy 2 )dx x 2 y dy 0

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 M 2x 3 xy 2

N x 2 y

M
y 2xy

Exact
N 2xy
x

M 2x 3 xy 2
N

x2y 2
f
f ( x, y ) x 2 3x
c( y )
x
2

f
x 2 y c ( y ) x 2 y c ( y ) 0 c( y ) c
y

f ( x, y ) x 2 3x

x2y 2
c
2

Answer : 2x 2 6x x 2 y 2 C 0

4. Solve the IVP differential equation with homogeneous coefficients

dy
y 2 xy, y(1) 2 x 2 dy y 2 dx xydx
dx
y
Let w y xw and dy xdw wdx
x
x2

Therefore , x 2 xdw wdx ( xw ) 2 dx x( wx )dx

xdw wdx w 2 dx wdx 0 xdw w 2 dx 0

dw
w2

dx
0
x

1
x
x
y
1
x
ln x c ln x c ln x C
y
w
y
y
x ln x C
ln x C

y(1) 2 2

1
1
C
y
C
2

Answer : y

x
1
ln x
2

2x
2 ln x 1

2x
2 ln x 1

5. The population of a town grows at a rate proportional to the population present at time
t. The initial population of 500 increases by 15% in 10 years. What will be the population
in 30 years?

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y ( t ) : population in year t
y ( 0) 500
y (10) 500 (15% (500) 500 75 575
dy
dy
Ky
kdt ln y kt c y e kt c y Ce kt
dt
y
y ( 0) 500 500 Ce k ( 0) C 500 y 500e kt
y (10) 575 575 500e10k 1.15 e10k

10k ln 1.15 k

ln 1.15
10

ln 1.15
ln 1.15
t
(30)
10
y 500e
y (30) 500e 10
y (30) 500e 3 ln 1.15 500(1.15) 3

y 760.4376
Answer : The population in 30 years will be 760

6. A small metal bar, whose initial temperature is 20C . Is dropped into a container of
boiling water ( 100C ). If the temperature increases 2C in 1 second, how long will it
take the bar to reach 90C ?
Let T(t ) : temperature of metal bar at time t
T(0) 20C
T(1) 20C 2C 22C
T(?) 90C
dT
dT
k ( T 100)
kdt ln( T 100) kt c T 100 e kt c
dt
T 100
T 100 Ce kt
T(0) 20C 20 100 C C 80 T 100 80e kt
78
T(1) 22C 22 100 80e k 80e k 78 e k
0.975 k ln 0.975)
80
T 100 80e t ln( 0.975)
90 100 80e t ln( 0.975) 80e t ln( 0.975) 10 e t ln( 0.975)

10
0.125
80

ln( 0.125)
82.1335537
ln( 0.975)
Answer : It takes approximately 82 sec onds for the temperature to reach to 90C
t ln( 0.975) ln( 0.125)

7. A 30-volt electromotive force is applied to an LR series circuit in which the inductance

is 0.1 henry and the resistance is 50 ohms. If the current I(0)=0, determine the current as
t.
Use the fact that L

dI
RI v( t ) and I( 0) 0
dt

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dI
dI
dI
RI v(t ) and I(0) 0 0.1
50I 30
500I 300
dt
dt
dt

v( t ) e
e 500t is an integrating factor .
dI
e 500t
500e 500t I 300 e 500t
dt

3
3
e 500t I 300 e 500t e 500t I e 500t c I ce 500t
5
5
3
3
3 3
I ( 0) 0 0 c c
I e 500t
5
5
5 5
3
the current I
as t
5
3
Answer : the current I
as t
5
500dt

8. If interest is compounded continuously at a 7% annual rate, how long will it take for
$10000 to become $50000?
Let y ( t ) : amount of money at time t
y ( 0) $10000
y (?) $50000
dy
dy
0.07 y
0.07dt ln y 0.07t c y e 0.07t c y Ce 0.07t
dt
y
y ( 0) 10000 10000 C y 10000e .07t
50000 10000e 0.07t

5 e 0.07 t

0.07t ln 5

ln 5
22.99197018 23 years
0.07

Answer : approximately 23 years

9. Use the necessary substitutions to transform the differential equation

(2x + y -8)dx +(x 2y + 1)dy=0 to a variable separable differential equation and stop.

-4-

 2x y 8 0
4x 2y 16 0
x3

5x 15 0

2
y

0
x

2
y

y2
Let x u 3 and y v 2
2u 6 v 2 8 du u 3 2 v 4 1 dv 0
( 2u v )du (u 2 v )dv 0 which has homogeneous coefficients.
v
v uw and dv udw wdu
u
( 2u uw )du (u 2uw )(udw wdu ) 0
Let w

2 2w 2w 2 du (1 2w )udw 0

2w 1
w2 w 1

dw

2 w du (1 2w )udw (1 2w )wdu 0

1 2w
2 2w 2w 2

dw

du
0
u

2du
0 Stop
u

Optional
ln( w 2 w 1) ln u 2 c ln(u 2 w 2 u 2 w u 2 ) c u 2 w 2 u 2 w u 2 e c C
v 2 uv u C

y 2 2 ( x 3)( y 2) ( x 3) 2 C

y 2 4y 4 xy 2x 3y 6 x 2 6x 9 C y 2 xy x 2 8x y 11 C
Answer : x 2 xy y 2 8x y k 0

10. The differential equation (2x + y -8)dx +(x 2y + 1)dy=0 is exact. Find the solution
of the differentia equation.
M
1
M 2x y 8

y
Exact

N x 2y 1
N 1
x
f
M
2x y 8 f ( x, y ) x 2 xy 8x c( y )
x
f
N
x c ( y ) x 2y 1 c ( y ) 2y 1 c( y ) y 2 y C
y
f ( x, y ) x 2 xy 8x y 2 y C
Answer : x 2 xy 8x y 2 y C 0 (same as problem 9)

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