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FLAT SLABS
lecture 10/1
Content:
1. Introduction, definitions
2. The effective span
3. Methods of analysis
4. The method of substitutive strips
5. Moment steel distribution above columns
6. System of welded mesh reinforcement
7. Perimeter of flat slabs
8. Loading scheemes
9. Deflections of flat slabs
10. Punching, unbuttoning and perforation
11. Punching of flat slabs design for shear at the column heads
12. Different types of shear reinforcement used at column heads
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1. Introduction, definitions
Flat slabs are two-way slabs supported by point-like supports.
Linear supports:
a) column-beam support
a)
b) column-wide beam
(dropped slab strip) support
Point-like supports of flat slabs
c)
c) column (without column head)
d) column with fungiform column head
b)
d)
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2
l x, eff = l x 2 c x
3
2
l y , eff = l y 2 c y
3
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3. Methods of analysis
Numerical methods
Using numerical computerized methods
(for example FEM the finite element method)
-any ground plan layout,
-any support arrangement and
-any load distribution can be analysed with ease
Manual methods
As manual calculation method the method of substitutive frames or
substitutive beams can be applied. In the latter case the moment
distribution method (the Cross method) can be applied.
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Column strip
Middle strip
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8. Loading scheemes
To determine extreme values of positive and negative moments and
shear forces at columns, different loading scheemes are applied.
Creation principles of loading scheemes are similar to those used for
continuous beams
For Mmax above column B
and Bmax:
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perforation due to
N+M
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vEd=
VEd,o
u od
dx + dy
2
v= 0,6(1-
perimeter u0 perimeter u1
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f ck
)
250
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VEd
and
u1d
the parameter c is tabulated in the design aids
where:
v Ed =
v Rd, c = cfct, d
perimeter u0 perimeter u1
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If the concretes shear capacity is smaller then the actual shear force:
3. Design of the shear reinforcement
vEd vRd,cs
vRd,cs is the design value of the specific punching shear capacity of the slab
designed with shear reinforcement along
the section investigated (N/mm2):
vRd,cs=0,75vRd,c+ nAswfywd,ef sin
1
u 1d
1,5d
Asw is the cross-section of the shear
sr
reinforcement along one of the perimeters investigated
sr
radial spacing of elements of the shear reinforcement
where: n=
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4. Check of the shear capacity of the concrete along the perimeter uout
vEd vRd,c
where: v Ed =
VEd
VEd
or v Ed =
u out d
u out ,ef d
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bent-up bars
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column longitudinal
bar
spiral links
links cage
welded bent
ladder
hung
link
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Placing of links:
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