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OELHI

fiuidstines for
Wri[ing XmpirieaI Researeh Frojeeb
I rCte

:-:- :
,'. : -

l-he title especiaIty, in empiricaI project shoutd, reFlecI the Focus oF researclin speciFic [erms. Avoid writing too broad and generaI titte like 'Crime againsl
in lndia'insLead i[, depending upon the Focus, may be [ike: 'Domes[icVio[ence

Working Women in [he Districts

oF

.;= -

Indore & BhopaloF'M.P.'

SLruclure of Project Report

lF

the candidate is to write the synopsis or proposal For research, [he s--,:--

:
sugges[ed betow may be Foltowed and use Future orsimpte present tense (e ;
present s[udy examines...../or [he presenL study witl examine...). lF the canc c=-= completed the research and is writing the report pasL [ense should be use: .'^is suitable to report the tindings made by [he researcher/scholar. (e.9. Ihe -='=.lound that....).

fhe research proposa[/ synopsis

manne[:
1"

or the teport may be organised in the

'c

'

lntroduction

Sta[e a briet background and introduce the subject in Few paragraphs or -=;=.
shoutd not be directty liFted From the original source. Make your argume-:i :
adopIan analyUca[ [one [o ptace the problem underlnves[igatlon in a conte]-

Review of LiteraLurre
It is a survey of juristic wrl[iqgs on the chosen [opic. Consutt the [itera[ure viz: .-- :
books, repor[s, cases, monographs, data bases on the broad theme [o hightig^:

general development ln [he Fietd fascending order in [erms oF -.==pu

.
.

NationaL Law University, Delhi

bticationsl;

no[ewor[hy contribution in the Field expressed [hrough various

\'.

-:-

connect and ptace [he proposed subject of study in li[era[ure -e.

hightiqht its relevance.

--:

=.',

nI
2. Present Study

I. S::ternent

oF

Ihe Problem: (At leasl 200 words)

l.:=-._. s:::e ihe problem [o be under[aken. Make a clear sta[emen/narrative

- _-- ;-: -c Lhe exac[ coverage and purview of the problem under investiga[ion.

"u..

-"-ntion

oF

Ihe issues, which would be actuatty investiga[ed in Lhe research.

-^: <ej issues about [he probtem in [heoreticaI and apptied con[ext oF Lhe concerned
: s: r.ine should be speciFied. The speciFic aim oF the project, i[s rationa[e, inctuding

-*e :a;ionale of the approach adopted forstudying the probtem shou[d be specitlcatty
(ReFer [o Annexure - X tor template).

-en[ioned.

B, ConcepLuaI Contexl:

Tirere may be concep[s, propositions and doctrines in the proposed study, which
need lo be detined For [he purpose oF [he study in hand. Make opera[ionaldeFinitions
of alI such usages.
The schotar is expected in [his sec[ion Lo in[roduce and contextuatize [he'generaI
research area'. such con[extualization is to provide [he researcher an opportunity to
link a speciFic sociaI and legaI probtem to a body of socio-legaI theory.
3.

Methodotogy:

A. Objeclives:
s[ate categoricalty the measurable objec[ives (preFerabty not more than
research to be undertaken. Example:

1.

Five)

of the

To study [he avai[able inFrastructure and manpower to enForce [abour law

in the city oF Chandigarh.

2.

To examine lhe Factors (sociaI and economic) in chitd [abour etc.

B" Hypolhesis,/ Research quesLions

Make crisp statemenLs (e.g. one each For a[[ objectives) entaiting noL more than two
variables describing [he presumed rela[ionship or inFtuence on each other ('tength
oF experience oF judge is posi[ively linked with hls capaciLy to dispose the cases',
'retaxation in regulatory mechanism in internationaI trade sector caused a spurt in
economic crimes'). Additionatty or alternative[y, research ques[ions may atso be
tramed to inves[igate the issues s[ated For the research. Hypo[heses are advisable
where the researcher has Fairly good idea of issues, concepts and their retevance [o
the proposed research.

Research

Project

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Research queslions could be hetptutwhere [he researcher does not have suFficienI
idea of the work done in [hat area or the na[ure oF issues under research are on[y
evotving. Examp[e:

.
.

Does chitd [abour has any[hing to do wi[h [he educa[ion? or;

Does the type oF paren[ing has any associa[ion with the indutgence of
chitd in to Iabour situation?

(c) Coverage & Scope : The duration or number oF cases and nature of cases
studied; or any geographicatregion (city, vitlages etc.) or any insIiIuIion
([ike case s[udy of Economic OFFence Wing etc.) studied.

(d) Sampte : normally in non-doctrinaI s[udies. Mention [he sampting

method used.

(e) Data Collection: AlI kinds oF research (doctrinaI or non-doctrinat)

require some kind oF da[a. Make a mention oF sources and nature oF
da[a co[[ected and utilized in the repor[. lI may inctude the Fottowing:

Frirrary

Daha

collection

lf the study involves dato

colLection

from the respondents, foLlowing

Universe of the study (s[a[e

popula[ion oF units)

is the scheme:

the source/estimated number oF [o[al

Sampling design (method of sampling [o extract the required number

oF

sampte)

Tools used ([he ways to coltect Ihe required data [ike interview schedule,
ques[ionnaire, par[icipanI observa[ion, case study)

.
.

i;:'ff

Techniques (any scate, measurement etc.)

Sta[istical considera[ion/soFtware applications.

:

:: i

"'i
collecting

::T'; i :":i ::i i : 1" ;"j' :::i:

l:'J :.ffi

Ti:'J'#,

il: "J,"ir

For
diFFerent types oF da[a shou[d also be speciFicatly mentioned. For
questionnaire and/or interview schedule to be used, the Fotlowing shou[d be indicated:

"'."":

(a.) Na[ure and coverage oF the questionnaire or in[erview sihedu[e

used tor diFFerent se.ctions oF respondents.

to

be

(b.) Number of ques[ions to be asked trom each respondent

(c.) Scating technique proposed [o be included, it any

(d.) Projective [ests incorporated in the questionnaire/interview schedule,
iI any

Na[ional Law University, Delii

_l_
nlL
(e.) Coding plan (e.9., whe[her [he ques[ions/ responses/ items witt be precoded or not; lF coding is required, mention whether lI is to be done in
computer or manua[[y)

(t.) ln case, in[erview [echnique is being adopled, please menLion about

how they are to be conduc[ed, including [he partlcular charac[eristics
of the in[erviews/ in[erviewers
(g.)

In case oF observation [echnique, men[ion type oF

participants, quasi-par[icipan[s, non-participants; unils
or o[her techniques,

iF

oF

observation,
observation;

any.

lf the study requites ony control groups, these should be specit'icoily nentioned therein.
Secondary Data collection (Both non-doc[rinaI and doctrinaI study)

'
.
.
.

Mention oF Secondary sources used-tibrary resources/reports consulLed/

in[erneI resources used.
Case studies.
Case

laws/judgments.

Content analysis/documenI anatysis/Meta-anatysis.

4. Data Analysis Ptan:

Da[a analysis could be manuat{y or electronically. The use of IBM SPSS Statistics can
be made [o analyse [he da[a cotlected From the respondents.

Reter to any partlcu[ar qualitative/quantlta[ive [echniques which would be used in

[his study.

5. SigniFicance oF the study

C[earty s[ate as to what theore[ical, pragma[ic and poticy con[ribution would be made
by [he study. Make at [east Four to Five substantiatsta[ements in [his sectionl

6. References
Fo[[ow [he standard reFerencing and ci[a[ion (Foltow the'B[ue Book citation s[yte)

:: - -

^:, il wri[ing a proposaI

use

tu[ure tense and ifwriting the report, use the past tense.

Research

Prcject

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Steps in EmpiricaI Research

Report
1.

lntroduction (context and general

backgiound)

2.

Literature review

3.

Statement

4.

Objectives

5.

Hypotheses

6.

Sampling

7.

Data Coltection.

B.

DaLa analysis

9.

Discussion (Criticat commentary

by examining Lhe objeclives
and
hypotheses - rhts parr can

oF

research problem.

/ research ques[ion.

Ue

Oiviaedi.r;;;;;"s

10. Conctusions / RecommendaUons

1

6 i National Law University,

Delhi

1.

ReFerences

or Chaprers)